D2.1 Report on local EPC situation and cross country ...€¦ · QualDeEPC project (847100) Page...

DisclaimerexcludingAgencyresponsibilityResponsibilityfortheinformationandviewssetoutinthisdocumentliesentirelywiththeauthors

ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUn-ion’sHorizon2020researchandinnovationprogramme

underGrantAgreementNo847100

D2.1ReportonlocalEPCsituationandcross-country

comparisonmatrixQualDeEPCH2020project

MAINAUTHOR:WuppertalInstitut

DATE:13/03/2020

PUBLIC

_____________________________________________________________

ProjectQualDeEPC“High-qualityEnergyPerformanceAssessmentandCertificationinEurope

AcceleratingDeepEnergyRenovation“GrantAgreementno.847100

H2020-LC-SC3-EE-2018

QualDeEPCproject(847100) Page2of120D2.1ReportonlocalEPCsituationandcross-countrycomparisonmatrix Version2,24/03/20

DocumentFactsheet

Projectduration FromSeptember2019toAugust2022

Projectwebsite www.qualdeepc.eu

Document D2.1ReportonlocalEPCsituationandcross-countrymatrix

WorkPackage WP2AnalysisofcurrentpracticeandprioritiesfornextgenerationEPCs

TaskTask2.1:Detailedanalysisofcountryspecificsandnetworkingwithrelatedpro-jects

Version 2

Versiondate 13/03/2020

MainAuthor WuppertalInstitut(Leadauthor),EAP

ContributorsCRES,DENA,EAP,EKODOMA,ENERGIAKLUB,ESCAN,CITENERGYMANAGEMENTAB

Reviewers WPleadersandreviewers

Typeofdeliverable R

Disseminationlevel PU

Table1:DocumentFactsheet

DocumentStatus

ReviewstatusDraftWPleaderacceptedCoordinatoraccepted

Actionrequested

ToberevisedbypartnersForapprovalbytheWPleaderForapprovalbytheProjectCoordinatorTobedeliveredtotheCommission

Table2:DocumentStatus

DocumentHistory

Version Date Mainmodification Entity

Draft1 26/11/2019 Firstdraft WuppertalInstitut

Draft2 31/01/2020 Inputofdatareceived WuppertalInstitut

Final 10/02/2020 Finalization WuppertalInstitut

UpdatedFinal 13/03/2020 UpdatedFinalization WuppertalInstitut

Table3:DocumentHistory


PROJECTPARTNERSWI:WuppertalInstitutfürKLIMA,UMWELT,ENERGIEgGMBH

CRES:Centreforrenewableenergysourcesandsaving

DENA:DeutscheEnergie-AgenturGmbH(dena)

EAP:EnergyagencyofPlovdivAssociation

EKODOMA

ENERGIAKLUB:EnergiaklubSzakpolitikaiIntezetModszertaniKozpontEgyesulet

E-P-C:EPCProjectCorporationClimate.Sustainability.Communications.mbH

FEDARENE:Federationeuopeennedesagenciesetdesregionspourl’energieetl’environnement

ESCAN:EscanSL

CITENERGYMANAGEMENTAB


DISCLAIMEROFWARRANTIES“ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion’sHorizon2020,researchandinnovationprogramme,underGrantAgreementNo847100”

ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedbyQualDeEPCprojectpartnersasanaccountofworkcarriedoutwithintheframeworkoftheEC-GAcontractno847100.

NeitherProjectCoordinator,noranysignatorypartyofQualDeEPCProjectConsortiumAgreement,noranypersonactingonbehalfofanyofthem:

(a)makesanywarrantyorrepresentationwhatsoever,expressorimplied,

(i). withrespecttotheuseofanyinformation,apparatus,method,process,orsimilar itemdisclosed in this document, includingmerchantability and fitness for a particular pur-pose,or

(ii).thatsuchusedoesnotinfringeonorinterferewithprivatelyownedrights,includinganyparty'sintellectualproperty,or

(iii).thatthisdocumentissuitabletoanyparticularuser'scircumstance;or

(b) assumes responsibility foranydamagesorother liabilitywhatsoever (includingany conse-quentialdamages,even ifProjectCoordinatororanyrepresentativeofasignatorypartyoftheQualDeEPCProject ConsortiumAgreement, has been advisedof thepossibility of suchdamages) resulting fromyour selectionor useof this documentor any information, appa-ratus,method,process,orsimilaritemdisclosedinthisdocument.


PUBLISHABLESUMMARYConsideringthat40%oftheEuropeanUnion’senergyconsumptioncanbetracedbackto itsbuild-ings, it isessentialto improvetheirenergyefficiency inordertoachievetheEU’senergyefficiencytargets.Boththerateofenergyrenovationanditsdepth,i.e.theamountofenergysavingsduringarenovation,needtobeimproved.EnergyPerformanceCertificates(EPC),regulatedbytheEU’sEner-gyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective (EPBD),arean important instrument toenhance themarketuptakeofenergy-efficientnewbuildingsandtheenergy-efficientrenovationofexistingbuildings.

Against thisbackground,theHorizon2020fundedprojectQualDeEPCwillworkonEU-wideconver-genceofthebuildingassessmentandtheissuance,design,anduseofquality-enhancedEPCsaswellas their recommendations forbuilding renovation.Theaim is tomaketheserecommendationsco-herentwithdeepenergyrenovationtowardsanearly-zeroenergybuildingstockby2050.

ThefirstpartoftheQualDeEPCproject(workpackage2)aimstoidentifytheprioritiesforelementsofEPCschemesthatshowaneedtobeimproved,andforwhichtheprojectwillinvestigatefurtherandproposehowtheelementscanbeimproved.ThefirststepinidentifyingtheseprioritiesistakingstockoftheexistingEPCschemes.Basedontheinputfromallnationalconsortiumpartnersandoth-er sources, theWuppertal Instituteprepared thisdetailedoverviewof thecountry-specificEPCas-sessment and certification procedures and their links to other policies and programmes, existinginitiatives,andprojects.Theanalysiswasbasedonalistofalmost50potentialoptionsforenhancingtheexistingEPCschemes.

Theaimofthisdeliverableistopresentthisstock-takingbyadetailedanalysisonwhichofthepo-tentialenhancedEPCelementsarealreadyimplementedinwhichforminwhichcountry,coveringall28 countries that were EUmember states until 31 January 2020. All partners conducted bilateralinterviewswiththemajoractorsintheEPCprocedures,includingexecutivebodiesonEPCatregionaland/ornational level.ForcountriesnotrepresentedintheConsortium,Wuppertal InstitutandEAPconducted specific literature research, e.g. from the Concerted Action EPBD, and aimed to obtaincontributionsfromothermemberstates.Theinformationcollectedallowsadetailedpresentationontheelementsimplementedaswellasacross-countrycomparisonmatrix(seeAnnexI)inthisreport,which outlines the current EPC practices across the EU regarding the elements of a good practiceschemeorinnovativeimprovementoptions,theircomparability,compliancewithEUlegislation,andtowhichextenttheydifferorconverge.

Theresultsshow,oncemore,thehighdiversityinEPCschemesacrosstheEU.Theyalsoprovideuse-fulinformationinatleasttwodirections:1)whichimprovementoptionsarenotyetimplementedatallor insufficientquality inmostQualDeEPCpartnercountriesaswellasotherEUmemberstates,andcouldthereforebeinterestingcandidatesforthefurtherworkoftheQualDeEPCproject inde-velopment,testing,discussion,andpossiblyimplementationofelementsforenhancedandconverg-ingEPCschemes;and2)whichcountries,withinorbeyondtheQualDeEPCproject,offergoodprac-ticeexamples for the implementationof theseoptions that could serve toguide thedevelopmentand implementation inothercountries.Thisdeliverablewill thusserveasabasis fortheupcomingtaskstodevelopprioritiesandactualproposalsforimprovementofEPCschemes.


TABLEOFCONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................11

2 Overviewofpartnercountries’EPCsituation..............................................................132.1 Bulgaria...................................................................................................................................13

HowareEPCsimplementedinyourcountry/region(alsoasapartofnationalpolicies2.1.1andregulations)?..........................................................................................................................13

WhatarepossiblepurposesforissuingEPCs?.................................................................142.1.2 WhoisallowedtoissueEPCs?.........................................................................................142.1.3 ForwhomareEPCsrelevantandinteresting?.................................................................152.1.4 Whoarethekeymarketactors?......................................................................................152.1.5 Whatarethekeysuccessfactors?...................................................................................152.1.6 Whatarekeybarriers?.....................................................................................................152.1.7

2.2 Germany..................................................................................................................................16 HowareEPCsimplementedinyourcountry/region(alsoasapartofnationalpolicies2.2.1

andregulations)?..........................................................................................................................16 WhatarepossiblepurposesforissuingEPCs?.................................................................162.2.2 WhoisallowedtoissueEPCs?.........................................................................................172.2.3 ForwhomareEPCsrelevantandinteresting?.................................................................172.2.4 Whoarethekeymarketactors?......................................................................................172.2.5 Whatarethekeysuccessfactors?...................................................................................172.2.6 Whatarekeybarriers?.....................................................................................................172.2.7

2.3 Greece.....................................................................................................................................17 HowareEPCsimplementedinyourcountry/region(alsoasapartofnationalpolicies2.3.1


2.4 Hungary...................................................................................................................................19 HowareEPCsimplementedinyourcountry/region(alsoasapartofnationalpolicies2.4.1

andregulations)?..........................................................................................................................192.5 Latvia.......................................................................................................................................20

HowareEPCsimplementedinyourcountry/region(alsoasapartofnationalpolicies2.5.1andregulations)?..........................................................................................................................20

2.6 Spain........................................................................................................................................20 HowareEPCsimplementedinyourcountry/region(alsoasapartofnationalpolicies2.6.1

andregulations)?..........................................................................................................................20 WhatarepossiblepurposesforissuingEPCs?.................................................................232.6.2 WhoisallowedtoissueEPCs?.........................................................................................242.6.3 Forwhomarethecertificatesrelevant?..........................................................................242.6.4 Whoarethemarketplayers?...........................................................................................242.6.5 Whatarethekeysuccessfactors?...................................................................................252.6.6 Whatarekeybarriers?.....................................................................................................252.6.7


2.7 Sweden....................................................................................................................................26 HowareEPCsimplementedinyourcountry/region(alsoasapartofnationalpolicies2.7.1


3 AssessmentandcertificationofEPCsinEUmemberstates.........................................283.1 OfficialorcertifiedprivateEPCSoftwaretoensurequalityandcomparabilityofassessments 283.2 EPCSoftware:defaultvaluesorvalidityrangesforinputparameters...................................323.3 OnlinetoolforcomparingEPCrecommendationstodeepenergyrenovationrecommendations.............................................................................................................................363.4 On-siteinspectionduringEPCassessment.............................................................................403.5 Highuser-friendlinessoftheEPC............................................................................................423.6 Improvingtherenovationrecommendations.........................................................................473.7 CompliancebetweenEPCratingandoperationalrating........................................................533.8 EPCschemefornewbuildingscompatiblewithNZEBrequirements.....................................533.9 TreatmentofinnovativetechnologiesinEPCassessmentcalculations..................................553.10 CostofEPCs.............................................................................................................................563.11 UpdatingofEPCswhenlegislationandregulationsforEPCschemechanges........................573.12 EPCcalculationprocedureinadherencewithnewCENOASstandard..................................57

4 RequirementsforqualifiedexpertsinEumemberstates............................................584.1 RegistryofEPCassessors........................................................................................................584.2 RequirementsforregularmandatoryEPCassessortrainingonassessmentandrecommendationsasapreconditionforcertificationandregistry..................................................604.3 Eligibilityrequirements(pre-qualifications)forEPCassessorcertification............................634.4 UpdatingEPCassessoraccreditation......................................................................................664.5 Regulareventsandworkshopsoninnovativesolutionsfordeeprenovation........................68

5 IndependentcontrolsystemsforEPCsinEUmemberstates.......................................695.1 Usingcommonqualitycriteriaforindependentcontrol........................................................695.2 Achievingsufficientsamplesizeforindependentqualitycontrol..........................................715.3 QualitycontrolofbothEPCsandassessors............................................................................735.4 Performingautomaticvalidity/qualitycheckofEPCassessments..........................................755.5 AchievingCorC*levelcontrolofEPCassessmentsforthesampleaccordingtoEPBD.........775.6 AvailabilityofacentraldatabaseforreportingerrorsorfaultyproceduresfromEPCassessmentsforanalysisandlearning..............................................................................................805.7 SanctionsandpenalisationforEPCassessors.........................................................................805.8 ChannellingmonetarygainsfromsanctionsforenhancingEPCschemes..............................83

6 UseofEPCsandtheirdatainEUmemberstates,includinginwiderbuildings-relateddatabases.........................................................................................................................84

6.1 PublicopinionaboutEPCs.......................................................................................................84


6.2 MandatoryuseofEPCduringsaleandrentalofbuildings.....................................................856.3 SanctionsandpenalisationforbuildingownersfailingtoownorpresentanEPC.................856.4 PresentingEPCtoofficialbuildingsalesbodiesorpermitauthoritiesasanobligatory/mandatorymeasure........................................................................................................876.5 AdvertisingguidelinesforpresentingEPCsinreal-estateadsduringsaleandrental............896.6 ControllingandenforcingthemandatoryuseofEPCsinrealestateadvertisements............896.7 PublicdatabaseofEPCs..........................................................................................................906.8 LinkingEPCdatabasetootherbuildings-orenergy-relateddatabases..................................92

7 HowareEPCsinEUmemberstatesembeddedinwiderpoliciesandpublicactivitiestostimulatedeeprenovation?..............................................................................................95

7.1 LinkingEPCsandrenovationrecommendationstodetailedenergyaudits............................957.2 MonitoringimplementationofrenovationrecommendationsgivenintheEPCs..................977.3 LinkingEPCstofinancialincentiveschemes...........................................................................977.4 CreatingDeepRenovationNetworkPlatforms.......................................................................99

8 CONCLUSIONS..........................................................................................................101

9 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................102

10 AnnexI...................................................................................................................117


INDEXOFFIGURESFigure1:SampleEPCinGermany.........................................................................................................16Figure2:SampleEPCinSpain...............................................................................................................20Figure 3: Availability of official or certified EPC software to ensure quality and comparability ofassessments..........................................................................................................................................29Figure4:EPCsoftware:defaultvaluesorvalidityrangesforinputparameters...................................33Figure5:AvailabilityofonlinetoolforcomparingEPCrecommendationstodeepenergyrenovationrecommendations.................................................................................................................................37Figure6:On-siteinspectionduringEPCassessment............................................................................40Figure7:Highuser-friendlinessoftheEPC...........................................................................................44Figure8:Improvingtherenovationrecommendationstowardsdeeprenovation..............................48Figure9:CompatibilityofEPCswithNZEBrequirements.....................................................................54Figure10:RegistryofEPCassessors.....................................................................................................58Figure 11: Requirements for regular mandatory EPC assessor training on assessment andrecommendationsforcertificationandregistry...................................................................................61Figure12:EligibilityrequirementsforEPCassessorcertification.........................................................64Figure13:UpdatingEPCassessoraccreditation...................................................................................66Figure14:QualitycontrolofbothEPCsandassessors.........................................................................73Figure15:Performingautomaticvalidity/qualitycheckofEPCassessments.......................................76Figure16:AchievingCorC*levelcontrolofEPCassessmentsforthesampleaccordingtoEPBD......78Figure 17: Sanctions and penalisation for EPC assessors in case of poor assessments orrecommendations.................................................................................................................................81Figure18:SanctionsforbuildingownersfailingtoownorpresentanEPC.........................................86Figure19:PresentingEPCtoofficialbuildingsalesbodiesasanobligatory/mandatorymeasure......88Figure20:PublicdatabaseofEPCs.......................................................................................................91Figure21:LinkingEPCdatabasetootherbuildings-orenergy-relateddatabases...............................93Figure22:LinkingEPCsandrenovationrecommendationtodetailedenergyaudits..........................96Figure23:LinkingEPCstofinancialincentiveschemes........................................................................98Figure24:DeepRenovationNetworkPlatformsofferingeitheraone-stop-shopfor implementationorforinformationatnationallevel......................................................................................................99Figure25:CurrentstatusofassessmentandcertificationofEPCsinEUmemberstates..................118Figure26:CurrentstatusofassessmentandcertificationofEPCsinEUmemberstates..................119Figure27:CurrentstatusofassessmentandcertificationofEPCsinEUmemberstates..................120


INDEXOFTABLESTable1:DocumentFactsheet.................................................................................................................2Table2:DocumentStatus.......................................................................................................................2Table3:DocumentHistory.....................................................................................................................2Table4:EuropeanDirectivesandtheirtranspositioninSpain.............................................................22Table5:EPCsoftwareinSpain..............................................................................................................23Table6:EPCqualitycontrolstatisticsinSpain......................................................................................23Table7:MinimumqualificationsforEPCAssessorsinSpain................................................................24Table 8: Availability of official or certified EPC software to ensure quality and comparability ofassessments..........................................................................................................................................32Table9:EPCsoftware:defaultvaluesorvalidityrangesforinputparameters....................................36Table10:AvailabilityofonlinetoolforcomparingEPCrecommendationstodeepenergyrenovationrecommendations.................................................................................................................................39Table11:On-siteinspectionduringEPCassessment............................................................................42Table12:Highuser-friendlinessoftheEPC..........................................................................................46Table13:Improvingtherenovationrecommendationstowardsdeeprenovation..............................53Table14:CompatibilityofEPCswithNZEBrequirements...................................................................55Table15:TreatmentofinnovativetechnologiesinEPCassessmentcalculations................................56Table16:RegistryofEPCassessors......................................................................................................60Table 17: Requirements for regular mandatory EPC assessor training on assessment andrecommendationsforcertificationandregistry...................................................................................63Table18:EligibilityrequirementsforEPCassessorcertification..........................................................66Table19:UpdatingEPCassessoraccreditation....................................................................................68Table20:Usingcommonqualitycriteriaforindependentcontrol.......................................................71Table21:Sufficientsamplesizeforverificationandqualitycontrol....................................................72Table22:QualitycontrolofbothEPCsandassessors..........................................................................75Table23:Performingautomaticvalidity/qualitycheckofEPCassessments........................................77Table24:AchievingCorC*levelcontrolofEPCassessmentsforthesampleaccordingtoEPBD.......80Table 25: Sanctions and penalisation for EPC assessors in case of poor assessments orrecommendations.................................................................................................................................83Table26:PublicopinionaboutEPCs.....................................................................................................85Table27:SanctionsforbuildingownersfailingtoownorpresentanEPC...........................................87Table28:PresentingEPCtoofficialbuildingsalesbodiesasanobligatory/mandatorymeasure........89Table29:ControllingandenforcingthemandatoryuseofEPCsinrealestateadvertisements..........90Table30:PublicdatabaseofEPCs.........................................................................................................92Table31:LinkingEPCdatabasetootherbuildings-orenergy-relateddatabases................................94Table32:LinkingEPCsandrenovationrecommendationtodetailedenergyaudits...........................97Table33:LinkingEPCstofinancialincentiveschemes.........................................................................99Table34:DeepRenovationNetworkPlatformsofferingeitheraone-stop-shopforimplementationorforinformationatnationallevel.........................................................................................................100


1 INTRODUCTION

Consideringthat40%oftheEuropeanUnion’senergyconsumptioncanbetracedbackto itsbuild-ings, it isessential to improveenergyefficiency inbuildingstoachievetheEU’soverallenergyeffi-ciencytargets.Boththerateofenergyrenovationand itsdepth, i.e. theamountofenergysavingsduringarenovation,needtobe improved.EnergyPerformanceCertificates(EPC),regulatedbytheEU’sEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD),areanimportantinstrumenttoenhancethemarketuptakeofenergy-efficientnewbuildingsandtheenergy-efficientrenovationofexistingbuild-ings.

Against thisbackground,theHorizon2020fundedprojectQualDeEPCwillworkonEU-wideconver-genceofthebuildingassessmentandtheissuance,design,anduseofquality-enhancedEPCsaswellas their recommendations forbuilding renovation.Theaim is tomaketheserecommendationsco-herentwithdeepenergyrenovationtowardsanearly-zeroenergybuildingstockby2050.Underthecoordinationof theWuppertal Institute, the project partnerswillwork to create consensus in theparticipatingcountriesandbeyond,andtoimplementasmanyimprovementsaspossibleduringtheprojectperiod,involvingcertificationbodies,energyagencies,buildingsectorandcertificationstake-holders,andotherrelevantorganisations.Specifically,QualDeEPCaimstoenhance:

1. Thequalityandcross-EUconvergenceofEnergyPerformanceCertificate(EPC)schemes,and2. ThelinkbetweenEPCsanddeeprenovation.

Workpackage2oftheQualDeEPCprojectaimstodeveloptheprioritiesforelementsofEPCschemesthatshouldbeimproved,andforwhichtheprojectwilldevelopproposals.Thefirststepindevelop-ingtheseprioritiesistakingstockoftheexistingEPCschemes.

Toensurehomogenousdataretrieval,aspecializedquestionnairewasdevelopedtoassessthelocalsituationintheparticipatingcountries.Itincluded1)anoverviewofthecurrentsituationinthesev-en partner countries and 2) a list of specific questions addressing almost 50 potential options forenhancingtheexistingEPCschemes.Thesewerebasedontheelementsofapreliminaryvisionongoodpracticeassessmentand certification schemes.Manyof theelementshavealreadybeen im-plementedinanumberofEUmemberstatesbutnotinallofthem.Therefore,theaimofthisdeliv-erable is topresentadetailedanalysisonwhichelement isalready implemented inwhich form inwhichcountry,coveringall28countriesthatwereEUmemberstatesuntil31January2020.

Basedontheinputfromallnationalconsortiumpartners,theWuppertalInstitutepreparedthisde-tailedoverviewofthecountry-specificEPCassessmentandcertificationproceduresandtheirlinkstoother policies and programmes, existing initiatives, and projects. All partners conducted bilateralinterviewswiththemajoractorsintheEPCprocedures,includingexecutivebodiesonEPConregion-aland/ornationallevel.ForcountriesnotrepresentedintheConsortium,WuppertalInstitutandEAPconducted specific literature research, e.g. from the Concerted Action EPBD, and aimed to obtaincontributions fromothermember states.We are grateful to a number of partners from theHori-zon2020 funded project Xtendo, who commented on the first analysis for their country. In somecountries,suchasItalyandBelgium,regionalvariationsmaybepresentinsomeelementsoftheEPCscheme.Insuchcases,thishasbeenmentionedwhereappropriate,andforthesakeofbrevity,ifanEPC element is present in at least one region, then it has been assumed that it’s available in thatcountry.


Theresultsallowadetailedcross-countrycomparisoninthisreport,whichoutlinesthecurrentEPCpracticesacrosstheEUregardingtheseelementsofagoodpracticeschemeorinnovativeimprove-mentoptions,theircomparability,compliancewithEUlegislation,andtowhichextendtheydifferorconverge. Itwill thus serveas abasis for theupcoming tasks todeveloppriorities andactual pro-posalsforimprovementofEPCschemes.Thisreportisstructuredasfollows:

• Section2presentstheoverviewofcurrentEPCsituationinthesevenQualDeEPCpartnercoun-tries–Bulgaria,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Latvia,Spain,andSweden.

• Sections3to7summarizethecurrentstatusofEPCprocessesandimplementationacrossEUmemberstatesinfivekeysections,addressingthevariouspotentialEPCelementsofanen-hancedandconvergingEPCscheme.Thesectionsare:

o Section3:Assessmentandcertificationo Section4:Requirementsforqualifiedexpertso Section5:Independentcontrolsystemso Section6:UseofEPCdata,includinginwiderbuilding-relateddatabaseso Section7:HowareEPCsembeddedinwiderpoliciesandpublicactivitiestostimulate

deeprenovation?• Section8presentstheconclusionsofthestudy.• Section9liststhereferencesusedinthestudy.• Section10containsanannexshowingthecrosscountrycomparisonmatrixofcurrentstatusof

differentelementsofEPCimplementationinvariousmemberstates.


2 OVERVIEWOFPARTNERCOUNTRIES’EPCSITUATION

Itisusefultogainanoverviewofthecurrentsituationineachpartnercountry,forwhichQualDeEPCwilldevelopenhancementproposalsfortheirEPCschemes.Eachcountrypartnersreceivedaques-tionnairecontaining7questionsthatareusefulforanalysingthecurrentsituationofEPCimplemen-tation, basedonwhich improvement optionswill be developed for enhancing EPCs andprocessesanduse.Thischapterisbasedontheresponsesofcountrypartners.Theamountofinformationre-ceivedvariesa lotbetweencountries,but isconsideredveryuseful inanycase.Thefollowingsub-sectionspresentstheinformationreceivedfromthecountrypartners.

2.1 Bulgaria

HowareEPCsimplementedinyourcountry/region(alsoasapartofnationalpolicies2.1.1andregulations)?

TheimplementationofEPCinBulgariaisunderthefollowingNationallegislationdocuments:

• EnergyEfficiencyAct• Ordinance№Е-Рд-04-1Of22January2016OnTheEnergyEfficiencySurvey,CertificationAnd

EvaluationOfBuildings• Ordinance№E-Rd-04-1Of3January2018OfCircumstancesToBeEnteredInTheRegisters

UnderTheEnergyEfficiencyAct,ListingAndObtainingInformationFromTheseRecordsTermsAndConditionsForAcquisitionOfQualificationOfConsultantsInEnergyEfficiency

• Ordinance№7ForEnergyEfficiency• OrdinanceNo.Е-Рд-04-2Of22January2016OnTheEnergyPerformanceIndicatorsAndThe

EnergyCharacteristicsOfBuildings

Theenergyperformancecertificatecouldbeissuedfornewbuildingsandforbuildingsinoperation.

• Fornewbuildings:

TheCertificateofDesignEnergyCharacteristicscertifies theenergyperformanceofanewbuildingpriortoitscommissioning,includingthelevelofenergyconsumptionanditscorrespondingclassonthescaleoftheenergyconsumptionclassesoftheordinanceundertheEnergyEfficiencyAct,com-plyingwith the requirements fornewbuildings.Thecertificateofdesignenergyperformance is is-suedonlytoanewbuildingafterthecompletionofthebuildingbeforeitscommissioning.Acertifi-cateofdesignenergyperformanceisissuedwhenthenewbuildingisconstructedinaccordancewiththedesignparametersforenergyefficiency,theachievedenergyperformanceofthebuildinginthecourseofconstructionisequaltoorbetterthanthedesignandthebuildingmeetsthestatutorymin-imumenergyconsumptionclassfornewbuildings.Thecertificateofdesignenergyperformancemaybeissuedonthebasisoftheassessmentofcomplianceoftheinvestmentprojectwiththerequire-mentsforenergyefficiencybeforeapplyingforabuildingpermitattheassignmentofthecontractingauthority/owner.Inthiscase,theenergyperformancecertificateshallbepresentedtothecontract-ingentitytogetherwiththeconformityassessmentreport.


• Forbuildingsinoperation:

Thebuildingownerassignsacontracttoperformenergyauditsandcertificationofthebuildingtoaqualifiedenergyauditor, registered inSEDA.Theenergyefficiencyauditshall includethe followingmainstages:

1. Preparatoryphase,whichincludesinspectionofthebuilding;thecollectionandprocessingofprimarybuilding informationandenergyconsumptionbyfuel typeandenergyandfinancialcostofenergyforarepresentativepriorperiod,butnotlessthanthreecalendaryearspriortothesurvey;

2. Establishing theenergyperformanceof thebuilding,which includes analysis of theexistingstateandenergy consumption; calculationsofenergybalances,energybaseline; calculatingtheenergyperformanceofthebuildinganddeterminingthepotentialforitsimprovement;

3. Identifyingenergyefficiencyimprovementmeasures,4. Preparation of a comprehensive report and summary to reflect the results of the survey;

submissionofthereportandthesummaryofthebuildingowner.

An energy performance certificate for a building in operation is issued after the energy audit hasbeenperformedbasedontheresultsoftheaudit.Thecertificateofenergyperformanceofabuild-inginoperationhasavalidityof3to10years,determinedintheOrdinanceontheenergyefficiencyaudits,certificationandevaluationofbuildings.

WhatarepossiblepurposesforissuingEPCs?2.1.2Allpublicservicesbuildingsinusewithatotalfloorareaofover250squaremetresshallbesubjecttoamandatoryauditandcertificationwiththeexceptionof:

1. PlacesofworshipofthelegallyregisteredreligiousdenominationsinBulgaria;2. Temporarybuildingswithaplannedtimeofusenotexceedingtwoyears;3. Non-residentialbuildingsoflowenergyconsumptionsusedforagriculturalactivities;4. Manufacturingbuildingsandpartsofbuildingswithaproductiveassigneduse;5. Residentialbuildingswhichareusedassuchforeither lessthanfourmonthsoftheyearor,

alternatively, fora limitedannual timeofuseandwithanexpectedenergyconsumptionoflessthan25percentofwhatwouldbetheresultofall-yearuse;

6. Stand-alonebuildingswithatotalfloorareaoflessthan50squaremetres

Pendingthe issuingofanenergyefficiencycertificateofabuilding inuse, theenergyperformanceshallbecertifiedbyanenergyperformancecertificateofanewbuilding.

WhoisallowedtoissueEPCs?2.1.3Energyefficiencyaudits, certificationofbuildings,preparinganassessmentofconformityofdevel-opment-projectdesignsandpreparingenergysavingsevaluationsarebeperformedbypersons,reg-isteredunderArticle44(1)oftheEnergyEfficiencyAct,andmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1. AremerchantswithinthemeaninggivenbytheCommerceActorunderthelegislationofan-othermemberstateoftheEuropeanUnion,orofanotherstatewhichisaContractingPartytotheAgreementontheEuropeanEconomicArea,oroftheSwissConfederation;

2. Haveattheirdisposaltherequisitetechnicaldevices,specifiedintheordinancereferredtoinArticle44(9)herein;

3. Haveattheirdisposaltherequisitestaff:energyefficiencyconsultantswhomeetthere-quirementsoftheordinancereferredtoinArticle44(9)herein:


• Havesecondarytechnicaleducation,highereducationoranacquiredacademicdegreeinfieldofTechnicalSciencescompletedorrecognizedintheRepublicofBulgariaorsecondarytech-nicaleducation,highereducationoranacquiredacademicdegreeintheequivalentfieldofhighereducationinanothermemberstateoftheEuropeanUnionorinanotherstatewhichisapartytotheEuropeanEconomicAreaAgreementsorintheConfederationofSwitzerland;

• Haveacquiredalengthofserviceinthespecialityaftercompletionoftheeducation-ofnotlessthan6yearsforholdersofsecondarytechnicaleducation,notlessthanthreeyearsforholdersofaneducationalqualificationdegreeofBachelor,andnotlessthantwoyearsforper-sonsholdinganeducationalqualificationdegreeofMasterorholdingasciencedegree;

• Holdacertificateofsuccessfullypassedexamforraisingtheirqualificationforperformingtheactivitiesunderthisparagraphinhighereducationinstitutionsteachingtheirstudentsinspeci-alitiesinthefieldofTechnicalSciences,professionalprofilesofEnergy,ElectricalEquipment,ElectronicEquipmentandAutomationandArchitecture,ConstructionandGeodesyaccreditedundertheHigherEducationActorinspecialitiesinequivalentfieldsofhighereducationandprofessionalprofilesaccreditedundertheapplicablelegislationinanothermemberstateoftheEuropeanUnion,inastatewhichisapartytotheEuropeanEconomicAreaAgreementorinSwitzerland.

Certifiedcompaniesmusthaveatleastthreeenergyexperts(architect,civilengineer,HVACengineerorelectricalengineer)andallofthemmustbecertifiedtoconductenergyinspections.

ForwhomareEPCsrelevantandinteresting?2.1.4• ObligedbytheEnergyEfficiencyAct• Buildingowners• Investors

Whoarethekeymarketactors?2.1.5• Energyauditors• Energyconsultants• Consultantforapplyingforfundingschemes• Investors• Buildingowners• Localauthorities

Whatarethekeysuccessfactors?2.1.6• Wellstructuredandcomprehensiveregulatoryframeworkandprocedureforimplementation

ofEPCatnationallevel–transparentprocedureanddetailedrequirementsfor• Existingandofficiallistofregisteredenergyauditors• Existingandcomprehensivemethodsforcalculationofenergyperformances• ExistingapprovedsoftwarebasedonthenationalMethodologyforcalculationoftheenergy

performanceofbuildings• NationalProgramforEnergyRenovationsupportsissuingofenergycertificatesofmultifamily

residentialbuildings

Whatarekeybarriers?2.1.7• LowlevelofawarenessamongbuildingownersregardingEPCprocedures• Buildingownersdonothaveagoodunderstandingoftheirbuildinganditsenergyperfor-

mance,orhowitcanbeimproved.• LowlevelofinterestforEPC–theendusersonlypurchaseEPCiftheyareobligedtodoit


• Trainingsforenergyauditorsarenotconductedfrequently,resultinginpoorqualityofEPC• Lackofambitiousrecommendationsfordeeprenovation(onlybasicmeasuresarerecom-

mendedinresidentialbuildingsforreachingenergyclassC)

2.2 Germany


The legal basis for energy performance certificates is given in chapter 5 ("Energieausweise undEmpfehlungen für die Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz") of the Energy SavingOrdinance (EnEV).Theregulationsconcern,e.g.thedifferentoccasionswhenenergyperformancecertificatesbecomecompulsory, theuseandprinciplesofenergyperformancecertificates, the layoutand structureofforms, the requirements for the recommendations to be included in the certificates and the skillsneededtobeanissuerforexistingbuildings.[Source:FederalInstituteforResearchonBuilding,Ur-banAffairsandSpatialDevelopment(BBSR)]

Figure1:SampleEPCinGermany

WhatarepossiblepurposesforissuingEPCs?2.2.2Accordingto§16EnEV,energyperformancecertificatesarenecessary:

• Afterthecompletionofanewbuilding• If-incorrespondencewithrefurbishmentmeasuresoralargerextension-anenergeticbal-

ancefortheentirebuildingiscalculated• Incaseofsaleorrentingofbuildingsorpartsofbuildings(e.g.apartments)• Fordisplayoncertainbuildingsofpublicservicefrequentlyvisitedbythepublic


WhoisallowedtoissueEPCs?2.2.3Toactasassessorandissuerofenergyperformancecertificates,aneducationandprofessionalexpe-rienceisneeded.Thisisfullyregulatedby§21EnEV.Acertificationofassessorsisnotforeseen.

ForwhomareEPCsrelevantandinteresting?2.2.4• Authorities• Tenants• Buildingowners• Communities(ofbuildingownerormunicipalities)• Buildingusers• Buildingoperators• Investor,banks,financialserviceproviders• Municipality,municipaloperators• Government,Ministries(RequirementsfromClimateCabinet),Institutions• Energyconsultants

Whoarethekeymarketactors?2.2.5• Energyconsultants• Tenants• Buildingowners• Communities• Buildingusers• Buildingoperators• Realestatefinanceinstitutions

Whatarethekeysuccessfactors?2.2.6• Qualityassurance(forprocessandcontent)• Education,furthereducationoftheEPCissuer• Betterfocusonneedsandinformationdepthforthedifferentstakeholdergroups• Understandableinformationfornon-technicians• Linktootherinstrumentsconcerningenergyperformanceandrenovationissues(e.g.energy

consultancy,renovationstrategy,grantsetc.)

Whatarekeybarriers?2.2.7• Costs• Effort• Lackofqualityandthereforenotenoughtrustintheinformationforrelevantstakeholders• Lackofunderstandingoftheinformation• Lackoflinkingtheinformationtotherenovationprocess

2.3 Greece


• TheEPBDwastransposedtothenationallegislativeframeworkwiththeLaw3661of2008,updatedin2013(Law4122)inharmonizationwiththeEPBDrecast.

• EPCSareissuedinGreecesince2011,whenfullimplementationoftheEPBDstarted• AllEPCsareproducedautomatically(andstored)onaweb-basedplatform

(www.buildingcert.gr).


• On-sitevisitoftheauditor,forpurposesofEPCissuance,ismandatory.• Thebuildingdatacollectedon-siteareusedforthecalculationofthebuildingenergyperfor-

mance,withtheuseofnationalsoftware.Thecalculationoftheenergyperformanceand• productionofthecertificateisperformedautomaticallyonthe‘buildingcert’platform,after

uploadingthebuildingdataandcalculations(xmlfile)bytheregisteredauditor,havingaccesstotheplatform.

• EnergyperformanceonEPCsiscalculatedwiththeuseofofficialnationalsoftwareintegratedintheplatformandalsoavailabletotheauditors.Theauditorscanalsousecommercialsoft-waretools,aftervalidationandapprovalofcomplianceandcompatibilitybytheMinistryofEnvironment&Energy.

• Themethodologicalapproachfordefiningtheenergyclassisthe'assetrating'approach(com-parisonwithareferencebuilding).Energyclassisdefinedbasedonthecalculatedprimaryen-ergyconsumption.

WhatarepossiblepurposesforissuingEPCs?2.3.2EPCissuanceisrequiredfor:

• Newbuildings,aftercompletionofconstruction• Existingbuildings,incasesofdeeprenovation• Realestatetransactions(saleorrental)• Publicbuildingsover250m2• Applyingforfundinginnationalincentiveprogrammesprovidingfundingforrenovation

WhoisallowedtoissueEPCs?2.3.3Qualifiedenergyauditors,registeredinthenationaldatabaseofenergyauditors,issueEPCs.Qualifi-cationsofauditorsaredefinedbylaw;theyneedtobelicensedengineers,MembersoftheHellenicTechnicalChamberorgraduateengineersoftechnologicalinstitutes.Theyareclassifiedin3catego-ries,dependingontheirqualificationsandprovenexperienceinenergyaudits.

• Energyexpertsclassifiedincat.Ahavetherighttoconductenergyauditsin(only)residentialbuildingsupto250m2andheatingorcoolingsystemsupto50kW

• Energyexpertsclassifiedincat.Bhavetherighttoconductenergyaudits,inbuildingsofato-talsurfaceareaof250-1,000m2,andinHeatingorACsystemsoftotalpowerof50-400kW.Energyexpertsofcat.Acanupgradetheircategorytocat.BandberegisteredincategoryB,ifrecordsofatleast30energyauditsofclassAareprovided.

• EnergyexpertsclassifiedincategoryChavetherighttoconductenergyauditsinallbuildings,independentlyofsize.Energyexpertsofcat.Bcanupgradetheircategorytocat.Candbereg-isteredincategoryC,ifrecordsofatleast10energyauditsofclassBareprovided.

ForwhomareEPCsrelevantandinteresting?2.3.4• Buildingowners• Buildingusers• Publicauthorities,responsibleforenergyandclimate• Energyauditors• Engineers,Buildingdesigners• Contractors• Investors,Financialinstitutions

Whoarethekeymarketactors?2.3.5• Energyauditors/Energyconsultants• Policymakers• TheMinistryresponsiblefortheimplementationoftherelativebuildingenergyregulations


• Buildingowners(publicandprivate)

• Buildingcontractors• Buildingmanagers

Whatarethekeysuccessfactors?2.3.6• QualitycontrolofEPCsandenergyauditors• Competencesofenergyauditors/Regulartraining• EPCdatabasesallowingforimplementationmonitoringandidentificationofgaps• FriendlinessofEPC• UsefulnessofEPCsrecommendationsindeeprenovations• Nationalprogrammesprovidingincentives(financial/fiscal)forbuildingrenovation

Whatarekeybarriers?2.3.7• LowlevelofawarenessandinterestofbuildingownersinEPCinformation• LowlevelofcredibilityandacceptanceofEPCasanefficienttoolforbuildingrenovation• LowfeesofenergyauditsresultinginlowqualityofEPC• Lackofregularpromotional-awarenessactivitiesonEPCsanddeepbuildingrenovation• LackofmonitoringofcompliancewiththeexistinglegislationonEPCsinrealestateadvertise-

ment–nosanctionsforeseen• Limitedfundingboostingdeeprenovationofthebuildingstock

2.4 Hungary


• TheregulationbasisofEPCsistheGovernmentRegulationNo.176/2008• EPC’sareregisteredinacentraldatabase.Somedataofthedatabase(addressofthebuilding

andenergycategory)isavailablepubliclyonline,butitisnotpossibletogetanydetailedin-formationandcalculationsfromthesystem.

• On-sitevisitsaremandatorybylaw,therehastobephotosincludedintheEPC,butinpractice,someEPCissuersdoitwithoutsitevisits,basedonbuildingpapersanddata.

• 2.5%ofEPCsarechecked.Iffaultsaredetected,assessorsarerequiredtocorrectthem.Whentheenergyclassisdeterminedwrongly,andthedifferenceis2classesormore,theassessorli-censeiswithdrawn.

• Itisnotnecessarytousethecertifiedsoftware,butmostassessorsuseoneoftheavailabletools.

• RecommendationsareacompulsorypartoftheEPCs,buttheyarenotnecessarilyonthefirstpages.Theyusuallydon’tcontainveryspecificinformation.

• ThecostisdeterminedintheEPCregulation:itisthemaximumof5500HUF/hour(about17EUR)plusreasonableadditionalcosts(e.g.travel).

• Itisregulatedinadecreewhocanbeassessors.Theymusthavearelevantexpertbackground(listedbyprofessionintheregulation)andtheymustfulfiltrainingforaccreditation.Furtherregulartrainingsareavailable,butnotcompulsory,itisnotaconditiontoremainanassessor


2.5 Latvia


• BasedonLatvianlegislationEPCshavetobeissuedwhenbuildingis:1. Putintooperationafterbuildinganewbuildingorrenovatinganexistingbuilding;2. Soldorrented;3. Apublicbuildingownedbythestate;4. Isgoingforrenovationandreceivingfinancialincentives(co-financing)

• Inreallife,whenabuildingisbeingsoldorrentedtheEPCsarenotissued,asnobodyisaskingthem(itseemsthatnobodyactuallyknowsthatEPCinthiscaseshouldbeissued).Therespon-sibleorganizationinLatviaforoverseeingthisquestionisConsumerRightsProtectionCentre(CRPC).TilldateCRPChasnotreceivedasinglecomplaintaboutmissingEPCwhenbuyingorrentingabuilding.

• OnlycertifiedenergyauditorsareauthorisedtoissueEPCs.Currently,itisestimatesthattherearelessthan100energyauditorsinLatvia.

• ItseemsthatEPCsareissuedonlyincaseswhenlawmandatesit.ThereforetheEPCsareseenassomethingthathasnovalueandcostsmoney.MostoftheissuedEPCsareissuedforreno-vationofapartmentbuildingswheretherenovationprocessofthebuildingisco-financed(grants)byEU.Thereforethekeyactorsaretheapartmentbuildingmanagingcompaniesandtheinhabitantsofthebuildings.

• ThemainbarriercouldbethatEPCsareviewedasadocumentthathastobemadeincertaincasesbutnoone(expectenergyauditors)actuallylooksattheEPCs.Thereislackofinfor-mationingeneralpublicaboutEPCs.

2.6 Spain


Theenergyperformancecertificateorenergycertificateisanofficialdocumentdrawnupbyacom-petenttechnicianthatincludesobjectiveinformationabouttheenergycharacteristics.

Figure2:SampleEPCinSpain


Inthissense,theenergycertificationqualifiesabuildingbycalculatingtheannualenergyconsump-tionnecessarytomeettheenergydemandofabuildingundernormalconditionsofoccupationandoperation,includingtheproductionofhotwater,heating,lighting,coolingandventilation.Theener-gy certification process concludeswith the issuance of an energy performance certificate and theassignmentofanenergylabel.TheenergyratingscaleissevenlettersandvariesbetweenthelettersA(mostenergyefficientbuilding)andG(leastefficientbuilding).ThenumberofbuildingsregisteredinSpainin2017isestimatedat9,730,999andthenumberofhomesof25,645,100.Thenumberofbuildingsandpartsofbuildingswithenergycertificateandregistrationhasbeen3,637,688asofDe-cember2018(Source:IDAE).

LegislationonEnergyCertificationinSpainisexplainedbelow:

TheTechnicalBuildingCode,CTEapprovedaccordingtoRD314/2006definesthelimitationofcon-sumption,demand,performanceofthermalinstallations,andefficiencyoflightinginstallations,min-imum solar contributions both photovoltaic and thermal. It is modified according to Order1635/2013, which contains all the information necessary tomeet theminimum energy efficiencyrequirements of new buildings, as well as the energy rehabilitation of existing buildings. Later in2018,aproposalofRDincludedmodificationsoftheTechnicalBuildingCodeonenergysavings.

Royal Decree 235/2013, “recast”, which approves the basic procedure for the certification of theenergyefficiencyof existingbuildings, and incorporatingnewbuildings that arebuilt tobe almostzeroenergyconsumption,inthetermsestablishedbyregulationinduecoursethroughtheTechnicalBuilding Code, a term that in the case of public buildings, is advanced two years (Royal Decree235/2013 approving the basic procedure for the certificationof the energy efficiency of buildings,2013). This document included references to the established methodology in Spain, published asRecognised Documents in the Official Website of Certification. The methodology was adapted toEuropean Standards in 2014, thereby also addressing theproblems,whichwere detected throughpreviousexperience. In2016,partof thesedocumentswas furtheradapted to improveprocesses,makethemethodologymoretransparent,andeliminatebarrierstonewtechnologicalsystems.Oneofthemainchangesthatoccurredwastheinclusionofasecondindicatorforenergyperformance,complementing theCO2emissions indicatorwithone fornon-renewableprimaryenergyconsump-tion(CAEPBD,Spain,2016).TheRoyalDecreeestablishestheobligationtomakeavailabletobuyersorusersofbuildingsacertificateofenergyefficiencythatmustincludeobjectiveinformationontheenergyefficiencyofabuildingandreferencevaluessuchasminimumenergyefficiencyrequirementsinordertothattheownersorlesseesofthebuildingoraunitofthebuildingcancompareandeval-uatetheirenergyefficiency.Inaddition,thisRoyalDecreecontributestothereportingofCO2emis-sionsusingenergyfromemittingsourcesintheresidentialsector,whichwillfacilitatetheadoptionofmeasurestoreduceemissionsand improvetheenergyratingofbuildings.The17RegionalGov-ernmentsareresponsibleforthemanagementofcertificatesandeachofthemcontrolaregistryofenergycertificates.

• Theuseofthecommonlabelisalsoregulatedthroughoutthenationalterritory,guaranteeingthespecificitiesthatarerequiredinthedifferentRegionalGovernments.Inthecaseofbuild-ings>250m2thatprovidepublicservicestoasignificantnumberofpeopleandthatarethere-foreusuallyfrequentedbythem,thedisplayofthisdistinctiveinaprominentwayismandato-ry.

Royal Decree 564/2017modifies RD 235/2013 and defines buildingswith nearly zero energy con-sumptionandbuildingsexcludedfromtheCertification.


• NewbuildingsthatarebuiltasofDecember31,2020willbebuildingswithnearlyzeroenergyconsumption.Theminimumrequirementsthatthesebuildingsmustsatisfywillbethosede-terminedatthetimeintheTechnicalBuildingCode.

• NewbuildingsthatwillbeoccupiedandthatarepubliclyownedasofDecember31,2018willbebuildingswithnearlyzeroenergyconsumption.

TheMinistryofEcologicalTransitionhasmadeaproposalandapublicconsultation(in2019)forthemodificationofRD235/2013andadapts it toDirective2018/844/EU; theconsultationraisesques-tionssuchasthefactorstoconsiderimprovingtheprocedurefortheCertificationofEnergyEfficien-cyofBuildings.Inaddition,itincludesquestionsabouttheinformationprocedureontheenergyeffi-ciencyofahomeortherequirementsforcertificationtechnicians.

• Order588/2017FOM.Definesthe"nearlyzeroenergyconsumptionbuilding".• Proposal(year2018)tomodifytheR.D.314/2006(CTE)adaptingittoDirective2010/31/EU.• R.D.238/2013onThermalInstallationsofBuilding(RITE).Theenergyperformancerequire-

mentsforheating,coolinganddomestichotwatergenerationsystemsareregulatedthroughtheRITE.

EuropeanDirectives TranspositioninSpain

2002/91/CE,concerningtheenergycertificationofbuildings.(RepealedsinceFebruary2012).

R.D.47/2007,basicprocedurefortheenergycertificationofnewbuildings.

2010/31/UE,“recast”,includenewbuildingsandexistingbuildings.

R.D.235/2013,“recast”,alsoincludestheproce-dureforexistingbuildings.R.D.564/2017,correctionstoR.D.235/2013.

2018/844/UE,amendmentstotheDirective2010/31/UE.

ProposalbyR.D.(2019)tomodifytheR.D.235/2013,adaptingittoDirective2018/844/EU.

Table4:EuropeanDirectivesandtheirtranspositioninSpain

Certificationprocedure

Ingeneral,Spain’scalculationmethodologyisincludedinsix(6)officialcomputersoftwareprograms,whicharemandatoryforenergycertification,andareaveryusefultoolforcompliancewiththeCTE(MinistryforEcologicalTransitionandDemographicChallenge,n.d.).Thestepstobefollowedbythiscalculationmethodology,andthereforebythecomputersoftware,arefirstly,tocalculatetheenergydemand,both thermaland fordomestichotwaterand lighting; then, tocalculate theenergycon-sumptionofthesystemsnecessarytocoverthedemand.Thesecalculationsaremadebyintegratingthebuilding'sneedsonanhourlybasis,andbyatransitorytime-scaleregime.Withtheabove,thefinalenergyconsumptioniscalculatedandextrapolatedtonon-renewableprimaryenergyconsump-tion and CO2 emissions; these two indicators are finally evaluated and established by regulations.SincetheenergysimulationsoftwareinSpaincalculatesthefinalenergyconsumption,itisnecessarytohaveadequateconversionfactorstoobtainthenon-renewableprimaryenergyconsumptionandCO2emissions.Source:CAEPBD,Spain2016.Thecertificateisgeneratedbythesoftwareandusedfor10 years, after this timeanupdatedhas tobe implemented. Thenext table shows several officialsoftwarethatcalculatesandgeneratesthecertificate:


Table5:EPCsoftwareinSpain

Currently,theseprogrammescanbedownloadedonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofEcologicalTransi-tion.

QualityAssuranceofEPCs

Inadditionto incorporatingEPC information intotheirdatabasesand issuingtheregisteredenergyperformance label, the aforementioned Regional Governments registries are also responsible forcontrol and inspectionworks. Control and inspection of EPCs have been established in a differentmanner ineachregion,whilemaintainingbasicrequirements,suchasestablishingastatisticalcon-trolbasedontheobtainedqualifications,aswellasestablishingmechanismstoprioritizesomecon-trolsandcarryingoutinspectionsinseveralstageswithseveraldegreesofdepth.Thecurrentsitua-tion is that 100%of the certificates are automatically controlled, thanks to computermechanismsthatevaluateall thecertificatedata,andgenerateautomaticnoticesaboutcertificatesthatdonotcorrespondwithreasonableaverageparameters.Additionally,adocumentcontroliscarriedoutonnearly 50% of the certificates using complementary information. There is also specific inspectionmechanism that reaches0.5%of the certificates in termsof information reviewand improvementmeasures,andadeepinspectionsystem,withavisittothebuilding,whichoccurs0.05%ofthetime.Thenumberofinspectionsandcontrolsasof2017aregiveninTable(CAEPBD,Spain2016).

DocumentControl

Visitstotheproper-

ty

VerificationofCompetentTechnicians

InspectionandControlofAdvertising

CompletedInspections

Sanctions

1,392,880 15,140 27,029 9,084 1,211 545Table6:EPCqualitycontrolstatisticsinSpain

WhatarepossiblepurposesforissuingEPCs?2.6.2Itisanadministrativeprocedurethatismandatoryincasesof:

• Newconstructionprojects• Withsaleorrentingofthebuilding,orpartofthebuildingwithafloorsurfacelargerthan

50m2• Alsoforpublicbuildings:Buildingorpartofthebuildingwithafloorarealargerthan250m2

thatisoftenvisitedbythepublic

Procedure Typeofbuilding Useofthebuilding Toolsrecognized

GENERAL Newconstructionandexistingbuildings

Householdsandtertiarysector

HULCCYPETHERMHEPlusSGSave

SIMPLIFY

Newconstructionandexistingbuildings

Householdsandtertiarysector CE3X(smalltertiary)

Households CERMA

Existingbuildings Householdsandtertiarysector CE3


It shouldbean information toolon theenergy consumptionandCO2emissionsof thebuilding, inadditionthisshowsitin4uses(heating,cooling,DomesticHotWaterandlighting),thelatteronlyforbuildingsofthetertiarysector.Ingeneral,consumerawarenessisaimedatfocusingonenergysav-ingsandthemitigationofCO2emissionsinthefieldofbuilding.Thecostofthecertificatevariesbytypeofhouseorbuilding,thereisnofixedprice,itisamarket,inanapproximaterangeof€45-350.

WhoisallowedtoissueEPCs?2.6.3Thequalityandaccuracyofthecertificate,andbyextension,thereliabilityoftheentireEPCschemedependtoalargeextentonthecertifierskills.InSpainEPCassessorsdoesnotrequirethemandatoryaccreditation procedure. The EPC certifiers operate under their trade license and have a personalresponsibilitytocomplywiththeminimumqualificationrequirementsspecifiedinthenationallegis-lation(BPIE,2015). InSpain, listsofexpertsarepublishedbysomeRegionalGovernments.Thefol-lowingtablepresentsanoverviewoftheminimumrequirements:

Minimumeducationrequirements EngineeringdegreeandarchitectsProfessionalexperience NotrequiredAdditionaltraining VoluntaryVerificationofexpert’scompetence(i.e.mandatoryexam)

Noexam

Accreditationofthecertifiers BasedontradelicenseRenewaloflicense NorenewalofaccreditationPublicavailabilityoflists ListsofcertifiersprovidedbyregionTable7:MinimumqualificationsforEPCAssessorsinSpain

Forwhomarethecertificatesrelevant?2.6.4• Promotersandrealestateagencies• Companiessellingonlinebuildings• Ownerswhoaregoingtosellorrentahomeorbuildingwithafloorsurfacelargerthan50m2• Peoplewhoaregoingtobuyaflatwithafloorsurfacelargerthan50m2• Publicorprivatebuildingmanagers

Whoarethemarketplayers?2.6.5Mainly they will be responsible for the fulfilment of the obligations established for the followingmarketsplayers:

• Thepromotersandownersofbuildingsorpartsthereof,regardingcompliancewiththeobliga-tionsrequiredoftheirrespectivebuildingsorpartsthereof.

• Thecompetenttechnicalpersonnelinthefieldofenergyefficiencycertificationofbuildings,subscribersoftheEnergyPerformanceCertificates,regardingtheaccuracyandveracityofthedatacontainedtherein,aswellascompliancewiththetechnicalprocedureforenergycertifi-cation,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofChapterIIofRoyalDecree235/2013.

• TheagentsaccreditedfortheexternalcontroloftheEnergyPerformanceCertificates,regard-ingtherealizationoftheReport,inaccordancewiththeestablishedprocedure,aswellastheresultoftheactionstoverifythevalidityandveracityofthedatacontainedintherespectiveEnergyPerformanceCertificatesofbuildings.

• Thosewhoexercisefunctionsofoffering,promotionoradvertisingofsaleorleaseofbuildingsorpartofbuildings,withrespecttotheobligationsestablishedbycurrentregulationsregard-ingtheoffer,promotionoradvertisingofthesaleorleaseofbuildingorbuildingunits.


Theresponsibleagentsmustkeepthedocumentationconcerningthebuilding'senergycertificationforanyinspectionorrequirementduringthetermoftheCertificate.

Whatarethekeysuccessfactors?2.6.6• Ensurethateachofthe17RegionalGovernmentshaveregulatedandmanagedtheorganiza-

tionandregistrationofEnergyCertificatesofnewbuildingsandexistingbuildings.InmostRe-gionalGovernmentsthereisalsoaRegistryofCertifiers.Theregistrationprocedureisdoneelectronically.

• SomeRegionalGovernmentsproposeregulatoryimprovements.ItisimportanttoemphasizethattheseRegionalGovernmentsareofdifferentpoliticalsign,soitisa“strongpoint”thatconsensushasbeenachievedinthisarea.Forexample,theBasqueCountryhaspublishedDe-cree25/2019ofFebruary26,withauniquetextthatincorporatesandimprovestheexistingregulationonthesubject(DECREE25/2019,ofFebruary26,certificationoftheenergyefficien-cyofbuildingsintheAutonomousCommunityoftheBasqueCountry,itscontrolandregistra-tionprocedure.,2019).

• TheMinistryforEcologicalTransitionhasmadeaproposalandpublicconsultationin2019tomodifyRD235/2013(recast)toadaptittoDirective2018/844/EU.

• Thereisanotherproposaloftheyear2018tomodifytheTechnicalBuildingCoderegardingtheminimumenergyefficiencyrequirementsofbuildings,whichwillimprovetheprocessofcerti-ficationandimplementationofimprovements.

• Matchtheenergycertificationbeforeandafterperformingtheactiononthebuildingenve-lope.Thedemanddecreaseforheatingandcoolingmustbeatleast30%toobtainpublicassis-tance(StateUrbanRegenerationandRenovationPlan2013-2017).

• ThePAREERaidprogramconsistsofabaseandanadditionalaidforactionsthatraiseuptoclass“A”or“B”rateorincreasingtwo2classestheinitialenergycertificate.TheprogramismanagedbytheIDAE.

• Greenmortgage.Itaimstoapplyinterestrateslinkedtoseveralparameters,amongwhichoneofthemistheenergyrating.Theinterestratesarelowerasthemoreefficientisthebuilding.Itappliestotheacquisition/construction/renovationofresidentialbuildings.Sometimesitisappliedtobuildingswithalmostzeroenergyconsumption.

• Thereisnosinglerecognized(official)softwarebutseveral(official)softwarethatcanbeusedforcertification.Therefore,thecertifierchoosesoneofthemtocertify.Andtheyareoftwotypes:simplifiedandgeneral.Allgivethereport(report)ofthecertificatewiththesamein-formation(butdifferentcalculationmethodologiesareused).

Whatarekeybarriers?2.6.7• Withanestimateof9,730,999buildingsand25,645,100homesin2017,until2018only

3,637,688energyperformancecertificateshavebeenregisteredthatmaycorrespondtobuild-ingsorunitsthathavebeenindependentlycertified(IDAE).It’saweakpercentage.

• Theratingscalehasaveryhighrange,ineachletter,ofCO2emissions,itwouldbenecessarytoupdateit.

• Thereshouldbeanumberofm2inthereforms,fromwhichitwouldbemandatorytoissuethecertificate(e.g.from2000m2),itseemsthatthispointisnotcontemplatedincurrentleg-islation.

• Thecertificationofpublicbuildingscanbecarriedoutbytheofficialsthemselves;thiscreatesdiscriminationintheso-calledfreemarket,andtheopportunitiesforcertifierscanbereduced.

• Thereisnomandatoryprocedurefortheaccreditationofcertifiers,noraspecificperiodtoperformtheworkofbeingacertifier.(Seepoint2.6.3).

• SlowprocessoftranspositionofsomeEuropeanDirectives,whichhasseveralimplications.


• CertificationsystemmanagedbyRegionalGovernments(positiveornegative),maybewhathasinvolvedusingmanyresources.Createandmanage17CertificateRegistriesandsomeCer-tifierRegistriesandwithdifferentlevelsofcontrol(someregulationsaremoreadvancedthanothers).

• Weakpromotionbyorganizationsandinstitutionstoboostcertification.• FailuretoshowtheEnergyLabelinnumerouspublicbuildingsandthosefrequentedregularly.

2.7 Sweden


• TheimplementationofEPCsinSwedenisregulatedby:AlawdecidedbytheSwedishRiksdag:Lag(2006:985)omenergideklarationförbyggnader,ändradt.o.m.SFS2018:314.

• Regulationsdecidedbythegovernment:SFSnr:2006:1592.Förordning(2006:1592)omener-gideklarationförbyggnader,ändradt.o.m.SFS2016:178.

• DetailedregulationsdecidedbytheNationalBoardofHosing,BuildingandPlanning:BED10.Boverketsföreskrifterochallmännaråd(BFS2007:4)omenergideklarationförbyggnaderBED.Ändradt.o.m.BFS2018:11.

• Regulationsfordefinitionoftheenergyperformance:BBR28.Boverketsbyggregler(BFS2011:6)–föreskrifterochallmännaråd-BoverketsbyggreglerBBR9:2.Ändradt.o.m.BFS2019:2

• Regulationsfornormalisationtooftheenergyperformancetoastandardyearandstandardusers:BEN3.Boverketsföreskrifteromändringavverketsföreskrifterochallmännaråd(BFS2016:12)omfastställandeavbyggnadensenergianvändningvidnormaltbrukandeochettnormalår.Ändradt.o.m.BFS2018:5.

• Regulationsforcertificationofenergyexperts:CEX5.Boverketsföreskrifterochallmännaråd(2007:5)förcertifieringavenergiexpert.Ändradt.o.m.BFS2016:15.

WhatarepossiblepurposesforissuingEPCs?2.7.2ItismandatorytoalwayshaveavalidEPCfor:

• Buildingswithafloorarealargerthan250squaremetersthatareoftenvisitedbythepublic.• Buildingswhereaprivatepersonororganisation,otherthanthebuildingowner,havetheright

tousetheproperty.Examplesofsuchpropertiesaremulti-dwellingblocksandnon-residentialpremisesforlease.

ItisalsomandatorytoissueEPCsfor:

• Newbuildingspriortosaleorlatestwithintwoyearsaftercommissioning• Existingbuildings(orpartofbuilding)priortosale

SomebuildingsareexemptfromtheEPCobligation,e.g.buildingswithindustrialoperations,militarybuildings,weekendcottages,temporarybuildingsandbuildingswithafloorareasmallerthan50m2.ItiscompulsorytobasetheEPCsonmeasuredenergyperformance,ifsuchvaluesareavailable.Thatmeans thatnearlyallEPCs forexistingbuildingsarebasedonmeasuredvalues.Fornewbuildings,accordingtothebuildingregulations,requirementsofenergyperformancearebasedonmeasuredvaluesforafullyear.Validationmustbedonewithin24monthsafterthebuildinghasbeencommis-sioned.IfthebuildingisnotsoldwithinthistimetheEPCisbasedonthesemeasurements.FornewbuildingsthataresoldbeforemeasurementscouldbeperformedtheEPCisbasedoncalculatedval-ues.EPCsarevalidfor10years.On-sitevisitsarecompulsoryforallbuildings.


The purposeof the lawof energy performance certificates is to promote efficient energy use andgood indoor environment in buildings. Therefore, the energy certificate also includes informationaboutradoncontent,ifithasbeenmeasuredforthebuilding,andifventilationcontrolisapproved,ifthebuildingissubjecttomandatoryventilationcontrol.

WhoisallowedtoissueEPCs?2.7.3Only certifiedenergyexpertsareallowed to issueEPCs.Today, twocertificationbodies inSwedenareaccreditedforcertificationofenergyexperts(EPCexperts).SWEDAC,Sweden'snationalaccredi-tationbody,inturnaccreditsthecertificationbodiesforAccreditationandConformityAssessment.Itorderstoqualifyforbecomingacertifiedenergyexpert;alistofrequirementsregardingexperienceandtrainingneedstobemet.Therearetwocertificationlevels:onenormalforsimplebuildingsandonequalifiedforcomplexbuildings.

ForwhomareEPCsrelevantandinteresting?2.7.4• Buildingowners• Potentialbuyersofabuilding• Tenants• Researchers

Whoarethekeymarketactors?2.7.5• Regularityauthority:TheNationalBoardofHousing,BuildingandPlanning(Boverket)• Supervisoryauthority:Eachmunicipality• ThecertificationbodiesKiwaandRISE• Consultantfirms• Individualenergyexperts• Buildingandhousingassociations• Contractors

Whatarethekeysuccessfactors?2.7.6• Focusonmeasuresthatarecost-effectivefromthebuildingowner’sperspective• Usingmeteredvaluesforassessmentoftheenergyperformance• Compulsoryon-sitevisits• Certificationofenergyexperts.Thishasreplacedaformersystembasedonaccreditationof

companiesassessingEPCs.Advantagesaredecreasedtransactioncostsforthebuildingowneraswellasreassuranceofindividualcompetence.

• Recertificationofenergyexpertsafter5years

Whatarekeybarriers?2.7.7• Thesystemhasreceivedcriticismforbeingcostlyinrelationtotheresultingbenefits.• Improvingthequalityofrecommendationsofrenovation(costeffectiveenergymeasures).• Lesstransparent,andtherebylessuseful,sinceDecember2016whenregulationsregarding

BENwereintroduced.BeforeBEN,meteredvalueswerepresentedintheEPCs.WithBEN,me-teredvaluesintheEPChavebeencorrectedtonormaluseofenergy.Thismeansthattoday,thevaluesdisplayedintheEPCareamixofmeteredandcalculateddata.


3 ASSESSMENTANDCERTIFICATIONOFEPCSINEUMEMBERSTATES

This sectionanalyses the current stateof implementationwith respect toelementsof theEPCas-sessmentandcertificationproceduresrequired,implemented,oravailableinEUmemberstatesandtheUK.Thesub-topicsforanalysis includevariousEPCelements,suchasavailabilityofassessmenttools,userfriendlinessofEPCandavailabilityofonlinetools,especiallywiththeirrelationtorenova-tion recommendations provided on the EPC so that they become the first step towards individualbuildingsdeeprenovationpassports/roadmaps.Inthefollowing,eachsub-sectionpresentsthecur-rentstatusofanindividualelementofanEPCscheme.

3.1 OfficialorcertifiedprivateEPCSoftwaretoensurequalityandcomparabil-ityofassessments

WhendifferentEPCassessorscarryoutassessmentinsimilarbuildings,EPCresultsshouldbecompa-rableforenergyratingacrossthebuildings;however,theyshouldprovidespecificenergyefficiencyrecommendationsforeachbuilding.Suchcomparabilitycanbeensuredbyusing,asinglemandatory,orat leastanofficial (notmandatory) software,orbyestablishingacertificationmechanismwhenmultipleprivatevendorsprovidesoftwaresolutionsforEPCassessmentandrecommendations.ThelattermayalsoenableeasylinkagebetweenEPCandaninvestment-gradeenergyaudit,ifthecerti-fiedpartfortheEPCassessmentisembeddedonmorecomprehensivesoftwarefortheenergyaudit.ThefollowingfigureshowsthestatusofavailabilityofEPCsoftwareinvariousmemberstates.Inallmemberstates,eitherofficialorprivateEPCsoftwareareavailable.

In fewcountries, suchasLuxembourg,GreeceandSlovakia, theEPCprocedure isorganizedonlineandcontrolledbybackendsoftware.SomeoftheprivatesoftwareareabletoproducefinalEPCsontheir own (pending validation and assignment of identificationnumber),while fewother softwareareintegratedwiththeelectronicnationalEPCdatabase,orproduceoutputinformatssuchasxml,whicharethenusedbythedatabasetoproduceavalidEPC.

Mostmemberstateshaveanofficialcertificationmechanismforprivatesoftware,suchasvalidationofcalculationresultsfromtheprivatesoftwareagainsttheresultsfromanofficialtool,adoptingthecertified algorithms into private software programmes. Estonia uses amore open certification ap-proachwherethecommercialsoftwarecouldbevalidatedaspertheapplicableEuropean(EVS-EN),ISO, ASHRAE and CIBSE standards and the IEA BESTESTmethod, or an equivalent generally recog-nisedmethods.

AmongQualDeEPCproject partner countries,Hungary, Latvia and Swedenuses uncertifiedprivateEPCsoftware,whiletherestof thecountrieshaveeitherofficialsoftwareoracertificationmecha-nismforprivatesoftware.


Figure3:AvailabilityofofficialorcertifiedEPCsoftwaretoensurequalityandcomparabilityofassessments

ThefollowingtableshowsinbriefthestatusofavailabilityofEPCsoftwareinthedifferentmemberstatesandtheUK.

Single,mandatorysoftwareoratleastanofficialsoftwareisavaila-

ble

Softwaresolutionsprovidedbyprivatevendorsareavailable

Certificationmechanismforsoftwareprovidedby

privatevendorsisavailable

Austria No.Officialsoftwareisnotavaila-ble.

Yes.Severalvalidatedprivatesoftwareareavailable(AustrianEnergyAgency,n.d.-b).RelevantstandardsoftheAustrianInstituteofCon-structionEngineering(OIB),areusedtodevelopanexceltoolthatservesasabasisforvalidationofprivatesoftwareproductsthatareusedintheimplementationofofficialEPCdatabasesbymeansofXML-interfaces(Maul&Wohlschak,2016).

Belgium

Yes.Sameversionofanofficialsoftwareisused3Regions(Wal-lonia,Brussels-Capital,Flanders)ofBelgium(WallonieenergieSPW,n.d.-a).

No.OnlyofficialsoftwareisusedforEPCpurposes. No.Seecolumns1and2

Bulgaria Yes.Officialsoftwareisavailable. No.Privatesoftwarearenotavailable. No.Seecolumns1and2

CroatiaYes.Thenationalcalculationtoolhasbeendevelopedandisinatestphase(Škoro,2018).

No.Privatesoftwaredonotappeartobeavailable. No.Seecolumns1and2

Cyprus

Yes.EnergyService,MinistryofEnergy,CommerceandIndustry,releasestheSBEMcysoftware,whichisvalidatedasperthepre-scribedmethodologyandisavaila-blefreeofcharge(EnergyService,n.d.).

Yes.PrivatesoftwareapprovedbytheEnergyServiceareavailable,forexample,Eco-Engine(MODECSOFTLtd,2020).EnergyServiceexaminesthecompatibilityofsoftwarewiththecalculationmethodologyandprovidesitsapprovalforissuingEPCs,uponjustifiedrequest(EnergyService,n.d.).

●

●

●

●

●

●●

●

●

●

●

●

●●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●●

●

●

●

●

●

●●

●

Availability of official or certified private EPC Software to ensure quality and comparability of assessments

Single, mandatory or official software

Software provided by private vendors

Both official and private software● Certification of private software

QualDeEPC partner countries


Single,mandatorysoftwareorat

leastanofficialsoftwareisavailableSoftwaresolutionsprovidedbyprivate

vendorsareavailable



CzechRepublic

Yes.NationalCalculationTool-NKNII,afreetousesoftware,isavailableforcalculationandproductionofEPC(DepartmentofBuildingServices,CTU,2014).

Yes.PrivatesoftwareisavailableforEPCpurposes(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

No.Thereappearstobenovalidationmechanism(Ar-cipowskaetal.,2014).

Denmark No.Officialsoftwareisnotavailable(Brandetal.,2019).

Yes.PrivatesoftwareapprovedbytheDanishEnergyAgencyareavailable(Brandetal.,2019).

Yes.Seecolumn2.

Estonia No.Officialsoftwareisnotavailable(Kurnitski,2019).

Yes.Commercialsoftwareforcalculatingthebuildingenergyperfor-manceandissuingEPCsareavailable.Forexample,IDAIndoorClimateandEnergy(IDAICE)(EQUASimulationAB,n.d.).ApplicableEuropean(EVS-EN),ISO,ASHRAEandCIBSEstandardsandtheIEABESTESTmethod,oranequivalentgenerallyrecognisedmethodcanbeusedforvalidationofthesoftware(Minimumrequirementsforenergyperfor-mance,2012).

Finland

Yes.CalculationmethodologyandspreadsheetbasedtoolsareavailableforthecalculationofEnergyEfficiencyReferencenumber(E-number);basedonwhichEPCclassisdetermined(MotivaOy,n.d.-b).

Yes.Forexample,onesuchtoolismadeavailablebytheinsulationindustryforthecalculationofE-number(Eristeteollisuus,n.d.).

Informationnotfound.

France

No.Thepublicauthoritiesdonotprovidesoftware.However,asoft-warecodehasbeendeveloped,underfreesoftwarelicenses,andisavailableforsoftwarevendorsforuseinEPCcalculationtools(MinistèredelaTransitionécologiqueetsolidaire,n.d.).

Yes.Commercialsoftwareareavailable.Commercialsoftwarehavetobevalidatedasperanyoneofthethreeprescribedcalculationmeth-odologies.Officialalgorithmshavebeendevelopedforincorporationintoprivatesoftware(MinistèredelaTransitionécologiqueetsol-idaire,n.d.).

Germany No. Yes. Yes.

GreeceYes.National(official)softwaredevel-opedbytheHellenicTechnicalCham-berisavailableatlowcost.

Yes.Privatesoftwaretoolsdevelopedbythemarketcanalsobeused.PrivatesoftwaretoolsarevalidatedandapprovedbytheMinistryofEnvironment&Energy.TheyneedtobecompatiblewiththenationalofficialsoftwareintegratedinthenationalEPCweb-platform.

Hungary No.Officialsoftwareisnotavailable.Yes.Itisnotnecessarytousethecertifiedsoftware,andmostassessorsuseoneoftheavailableprivatetools.

No.Thereisnovalidationmechanism.

Ireland

Yes.Officialmethodologyforcalculat-ingBuildingEnergyRating(BER)fordomestic(DwellingEnergyAssess-mentProcedure)andnon-domesticbuildings(Non-domesticEnergyAs-sessmentProcedure)andtheircorre-spondingtoolsareavailable(SEAI,n.d.-i).

Yes. Private software are available, for example, IES-VE (IntegratedEnvironmental Solutions Limited, 2019). PrivateNEAP software pack-agesmusthavetheapprovalofSEAIandcanbeclassifiedasDynamicSimulationModelling(DSM)orInterfaceforSBEMie(SEAI,n.d.-e).

Italy

Yes.Softwarecalled'EnergyDiagnosisandCertificationSoftwareofexistingresidentialbuildings'isavailableforexistingresidentialbuildings(ITC-CNR,n.d.).

Yes.Alistofsoftwarevalidatedbytheauthorisedbody,theItalianThermotechnicalCommittee,isavailableontheirwebsite(CTI,n.d.-b).TheItalianThermotechnicalCommitteecarriesoutvalidationofcom-mercialsoftwaretools(CTI,n.d.-a).

Latvia No.Officialsoftwareisnotavailable.Yes.Therearesometoolsmadebyenergyauditorsbuttheyarenotcertifiedormandatedbylaw.

No.Certificationmecha-nismisunavailable.

Lithuania Yes.Officialsoftwareisavailable(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

No.Privatesoftwareappeartobeuna-vailable.(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

No.Seecolumns1and2


Single,mandatorysoftwareorat

leastanofficialsoftwareisavailableSoftwaresolutionsprovidedbyprivate

vendorsareavailable



LuxembourgYes.NationalsoftwareexistsandisincludedinthenationalEPCdatabase(Redingetal.,2018).

No.Privatesoftwareappeartobeuna-vailable. No.Seecolumn1and2.

Malta Yes.Officialsoftware,EPRDMSoft-ware,isavailable(BRO,2020).

No.Privatesoftwareappeartobeuna-vailable(Arcipowskaetal.,2014). No.Seecolumns1and2

Netherlands

Yes.Forexistingbuildings,privatehomeownersreceiveaprovisionalEPC(basedoninformationtheau-thoritieshaveaboutthehouse)au-tomaticallyandcanconvertitonlineintoadefiniteEPC(lowcost).ThiscanbedonedigitallythroughEner-gielabelvoorwoningen.nl.Aremote,certifiedexpertwillverifytheentereddataandafinalenergylabelisgener-atedandsent(GovernmentoftheNetherlands,n.d.-b).

Yes.Fornewbuildings,adifferentmeasureofenergyefficiencyisrequired,calledEnergyPerformanceCoefficient(EPC).Softwarefromprivatevendorsareavailable.TheBuildingDecreedesignatesNEN7120asamethodfordeterminingtheenergyperformancecoefficient(EPC).AprogramcalledEPCheckisavailabletovalidatethecommer-cialsoftwareprogramsandcalculationsdonebyassessors.Howeveritisunclearwhetheracertificationmechanismforvalidatedsoftwareisavailable(Arcipowskaetal.,2014;GovernmentoftheNetherlands,n.d.-a).

Poland No.Thereappearstobenoofficialsoftware(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Yes.Severalprivatesoftwareareavaila-ble,forexample,theAudytorOZC,theArCADiaThermoandtheBuildDeskEner-gyCertificate(BPIE&KAPE,2017;Graitec,n.d.).

No.Thereappearstobenovalidationmechanism(Ar-cipowskaetal.,2014).

Portugal Yes.Officialsoftwareisavailable(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Yes.Privatesoftwareareavailableandcertificationmechanismexists(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Romania No.Officialsoftwareisnotavailable(BPIEetal.,2017).

Yes.Severalprivatesoftwareforapplicabletoallbuildingtypes,areavailable.E.g.,AllEnergy,Certificat-energetic.com,Doset–PEC,ALL-PLAN,MatrixEnergandTermoExpert(BPIEetal.,2017).However,certificationmechanismisavailableonlyforthesoftwareforissuingEPCsincollectiveapartments.

Slovakia

Yes.Forindividualapartments,theentireEPCprocedureisorganizedonlineandiscontrolledbythebackendsoftware(Sternova&Mag-yar,2018).

Yes.Privatesoftwareareavailable(Arcip-owskaetal.,2014).

No.Thereappearstobenocertificationmechanism(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Slovenia No.Thereappearstobenoofficialsoftware(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Yes.Privatesoftwareareavailable(Arcip-owskaetal.,2014).

Yes.Validationmechanismisinplace(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Spain No.Thereisnoofficialsoftware.

Yes.Thereare6freesoftwareandfewofthemrequirepaidupdates.Thatsoftwarecanbeimproved,oneofthemHULCiscomplexandothersareexcellentbasedinEnergyPlus.Thereareopinionsinfavourofonesinglemandatorysoftware,butitisnoteasyforlegalandmar-ketreasons.Certificationmechanismisinplace.

Sweden

No.BecausetheSwedishEPCisbasedonmeteredvalueswhensuchvaluesexist,therearenomandatorysoft-wareforcalculationofenergyper-formance.Forassessmentofnewbuildingsthataresoldpriortomeas-urementscalculatedvaluesareneed-ed.Anydynamiccalculationtoolcanbeusedsincetheauthoritiesprotectcompetitive-nessbetweencommercialsoftware.

Yes,thereareprivatesoftwareforenergyperformancesimulationsandcalculationsofreductioninenergyconsumptionbyadoptingvariousmeasures.Someofthemdirectlyhavehtml-codesforreportingtotheEPDregister.

No.Thereisnocertificationmechanism.


Single,mandatorysoftwareoratleast

anofficialsoftwareisavailable

Softwaresolutionsprovidedbyprivatevendorsareavail-

able

Certificationmechanismforsoftwareprovidedbyprivatevendorsisavaila-

ble

UK

Yes.Fornon-residentialbuildings,atoolbasedonNationalCalculationMethod-ology,calledSimplifiedBuildingEnergyModel,withitsuserinterface,iSBEM,isusedtocalculateenergyperformanceofbuildingsandgenerateEPCs(BRE,2020).

Yes.Fornewandexistingdwellings,StandardAssessmentProceduresoftware(SAP)andReduceddataSAPsoftwareapprovedbyBREisusedforcalculatingBuildingEnergyPerformanceandgeneratingEPCs(BRE,n.d.-a).Fornon-residentialbuildingsNationalCalculationMeth-odologyallowsthecalculationtobecarriedoutbyapprovedsimula-tionsoftware,besidesSBEM(GOV.UK,n.d.-a).

Table8:AvailabilityofofficialorcertifiedEPCsoftwaretoensurequalityandcomparabilityofassessments

3.2 EPCSoftware:defaultvaluesorvalidityrangesforinputparameters

WhendifferentEPCassessorscarryoutassessmentinsimilarbuildings,EPCresultsshouldbecompa-rableforenergyratingacrossthebuildings.Comparabilitycanbeincreasedbyprovidingpracticalorrealisticdefaultvaluesfor inputdatathatcomecloseenoughtorealdataofabuildingorthelocalclimate;orinothercases,ratherthanexactdefaultvalues,certainvalidityrangesforinputdata.

Inmostcountries,defaultvaluesareoftenavailable:

• Intheregulationsorlegislationgoverningthebuildingenergyperformancecalculationmeth-odsforthepurposesofEPCs

• Asapartofthereferencestandardsorguidelinesasmentionedintherelevantregulationorstandards

• AsdefaultvaluesinEPCcalculationsoftware

Defaultvaluesareusuallyavailableforvariousinputs,suchasweatherdata,usageschedules,trans-missionvaluesofthebuildingenvelope,andefficienciesofbuildingtechnicalsystems.Inaddition,incountries,suchasIrelandandDenmark,whenon-sitevisitsaremandatoryforthecollectionofinputdata,guidelines,handbooksandflowchartsareavailableonwaystodeterminetheinputvalues. InAustria, an online public database calledbaubook is available that provides characteristics of con-structionproducts,suchaswalls,floors,roofs,andofsomebuildingsystems,suchaswoodheatingappliances,heatpumps,ventilationfans,ductsandpipes.

Infewcountries,alternativecalculationmethodologiesarealsoallowed,suchaschoosingbetweenmultiple prescribed methodologies for calculation or following un-prescribed methodology uponprovidingjustification.However,suchmeasuresshouldonlybeavailableforuseinrarecircumstanc-es,suchaswhencalculationmethodologiesarenotprescribedforinnovativebuildingtechnologies.

ThefollowingfigureshowsthestatusofavailabilityofinputdataforEPCsoftwareindifferentmem-berstates.


Figure4:EPCsoftware:defaultvaluesorvalidityrangesforinputparameters

ThefollowingtableshowsinbriefthestatusofavailabilityofinputdataforEPCsoftwareinvariousmemberstates.

Practicaldefaultvaluesforinputdataareavailable

Validityrangesforinputdataareavailable(ormultiple

valuescanbechosenfromtheavailabledefaultvalues)

Alternativecalculationmethodsfordetermininginputvalues,otherthanthedefaultvalues,are

available

Austria

Yes.Defaultvaluesareavailablefromprescribedstandards.Inaddition,anonlinepublicdatabase,calledbaubookthatprovidescharacteristicsofconstructionproducts,suchaswalls,floors,roofs,andofsomebuildingsystems,suchaswoodheatingappliances,heatpumps,ventila-tionfans,ductsandpipesisavailable.baubookGmbHisownedbytheEnergyInstituteofVorarl-bergandIBO(AustrianInstituteforHealthyandEcologicalBuilding)andisfinancedbyfeesfromproductandsystemmanufacturersthatusestheplatform(baubookGmbH,n.d.;Sutter&Geissler,2016).

Yes.EPCassessorcanchoosefromseveralequallycompliantoptionsfordeterminingtheinputdatanecessaryforper-formingEPCcalculations(Sut-ter&Geissler,2016).

Yes.Complexanddynamiccalculationscanbeper-formedtocalculatetheinputvaluesinplaceoftheavailabledefaultvalues(Sutter&Geissler,2016).

Belgium

Yes.Ingeneral,defaultvaluesexistaspertheapplicableregulations.Inaddition,'Walloonon-siteinputdatacollectionprotocol'oftheWalloonregionprovidesdetailedguidelinesforobtainingnecessaryinputdataforexistingbuildings,withanoptiontorevertingtodefaultvalueswhenothermeansofobtainingdefaultvaluesareunavailable(Loncouretal.,2016).

Yes.EPCassessorcanchoosefromseveralequallycompliantoptionsfordeterminingtheinputdatanecessaryforper-formingEPCcalculations(Lon-couretal.,2016).

Yes.PossibilityexistsforEPCassessortousealter-natemeansofcalculations,uponprovidingajustifica-tion(Loncouretal.,2016).

Bulgaria Yes.DefaultdataforthedifferentclimatezonesareintegratedintheEPCsoftware. No. No.

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

EPC Software: default values or validity ranges for input prameters

Practical default values for input data are available

Validity ranges for input data are available

Both practical default values and validity ranges for input data are available

Information not found

●Alternative calculation methods for determining input values, other than the default values, are available







available

Croatia Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Cyprus

Yes."MethodologyforCalculationofEnergyEfficiencyofBuildings"and"buildinginsulationguide(2ndVersion)"isusedforcalculationofECPs.Inaddition,"GuidetoCertifyingExistingResidentialEnergyPerformance"isusedasaguideforcollectingandevaluatinginputdataforexistingresidentialbuildings(Dracou,2016).Privatesoftwareincludesdefaultvaluesforinputdata,suchasconstructionelements(MODECSOFTLtd,2020).

Yes.Itappearstobethecase,becauseU-Valuesareusuallydeclaredbytheenergyasses-sorstothebuildingauthorities(asperlaw)andareusedintheofficialsoftware(Dracou,2016).


CzechRe-public

Yes.Czechstandard'CSN730331-1:Energyper-formanceofbuildings-Typicalvaluesforcalcula-tion-Part1:Generalpartandmonthlycalcula-tiondata'providesthedefaultvaluesandgeneralinputdatarequiredforcalculationinthenationalcalculationtool(DepartmentofBuildingServices,CTU,n.d.).

No.ItdoesnotappeartothecaseasperCSN730331-1. Informationnotfound.

Denmark

Yes.DanishEnergyAgencyhasprovidedaHand-bookforEnergyConsultants(HB2019)thatisusedasareferenceguideforobtaininginputinformationforEPClabellingofnewandexistingbuildings.Inaddition,indicativedefaultvaluesforheattransmissionvaluesforbuildingelementsareprovidedinanwebsitededicatedforHB2019(DanishEnergyAgency,n.d.-a).

No.Itdoesnotappeartobethecase.Destructiveandnon-destructivetestscouldbeperformedtodeterminetheinputdata.Then,relevantstandardscouldbeusedtodetermineorcalculatetherequiredinputdata(DanishEnergyAgency,n.d.-a).


Estonia

Yes.Guidanceforobtainingandcalculatingtherequiredinputdatafromrelevantstandards,andalternatecalculationprocedures.Defaultvaluesforsomeinputparametersareavailableintheregulation"Methodologyforcalculatingtheenergyperformanceofthebuilding"(Methodol-ogyforcalculationofenergyperformanceofabuilding,2019).

No.Itdoesnotappeartobethecasefromtheavailableinformation.

Yes.Theregulationallowsformultiplecalculationprocedurestodeterminethevaluesforinputdata(Methodologyforcalcula-tionofenergyperformanceofabuilding,2019).

Finland Yes.Defaultvaluesforexistingbuildingsareavailable(MotivaOy,n.d.-b).

Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

France

Yes.Defaultvaluesfortypicalinputdataaswellasguidanceforon-siteinspectionareprovidedinguidebooksdedicatedforeachtopic(Rogeretal.,2014).

No.Itdoesnotappeartobethecase. Informationnotfound.

Germany No.Guidanceondefaultvaluesforinputdataareunavailable.

Yes.Itispossibletousereliableempiricalvaluesfortheener-geticqualityofexistingbuildingcomponentsbyusingpublica-tionofdetailedbuildingtypol-ogiesatregionallevel–forassetratingEPCs


Greece

Yes,defaultvaluesareavailableasapartofthereferencebuildingstandards.EPCcalculationsoftwarealsoprovidesdefaultvaluesforclimaticdataofthevariousclimatezonesinGreece

Yes.ValidityrangesforinputdataareavailableintheTech-nicalGuidesdevelopedbytheHellenicTechnicalChamberandapprovedbyMinisterialDeci-sion.

No.






available

Hungary Yes.Practicaldefaultvaluesforinputdataareavailable. No. No.

Ireland

Yes.Detailedproceduresforcarryingoutsurveyinresidentialandnon-residentialbuildingsareavailable.Wheninformationfromsurvey,orothersources,suchasmanufacturerdataareunavailable,defaultvaluesgiveninthesoftwareshouldbeused(SEAI,2019a,2019b).

No.Wheninputdatafromprimarysourcesisunavailable,defaultvaluesshouldbeused(SEAI,2019a,2019b).


Italy

Yes.DefaultvaluesforinputparametersareavailableunderAnnexesofthenationalstand-ardsUNI/TS113002014(parts1to4)-energyperformancecalculationmethodologiesandotherrelevantstandardsoncalculationsforartificiallightingetc(Monetaetal.,2015).


Latvia

Yes.InthebeginningofMarch2020nationalannexestoaround40differentISOstandardsaboutbuildingenergyefficiencywerepublished.Inthesenationalannexesdefaultvaluesforinputdataalsoaredescribed.

No.Validityrangesforinputdataareunavailable.

No.Suchaprovisionisunavailable.

Lithuania

Yes.TechnicalRegulationSTR2.01.09:2012“EnergyPerformanceofBuildings;CertificationofEnergyPerformance”,adoptedon21August2012byOrderNo.D-1-674oftheMinisterofEnvironmentdefinesthecalculationprocedureandprovidesdefaultinputvalues(Energyperformanceofbuildings.EnergyPer-formanceCertification,2005;Monetaetal.,2015).

No.Itdoesnotappeartothecase.

No.Itdoesnotappeartothecase.

Luxembourg Informationnotfound Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Malta Yes.Guidanceondefaultvaluesforinputdataareavailable(BuildingRegulationOffice,2015).


Netherlands

Yes.Theenergyqualityisdeterminedonthebasisofapredeterminedlimitednumberofhousingcharacteristicvalues.Theserelatetogeneralhousingcharacteristics(typeofdwelling,yearofconstruction)andenergetichousingcharacteristics(degreeofinsulation,typeofglassandinstallationandPV)(Berben&Ieke,2014).

No.Itdoesnotappeartobethecase. Informationnotfound.

Poland

Yes.Thecurrentregulation(regulationoftheministerofinfrastructureanddevelopmentof27February2015onthemethodologyfordetermin-ingtheenergyperformanceofabuildingorpartofabuilding,andenergyperformancecertifi-cates)givesaprocedureofdetermininginputdataforenergyefficiencyindicators-firstthemanufacturerdatashouldbeused,ifnotpresentthedatafromregularinspectionshouldbeused,ifnotpresentthedefaultdatacanbeused.Intermofdistributionandstorageefficiencyofthesystems(heating,cooling,d.h.w.)twoapproach-esaregiven-firstbasedonsizeoftheinstallationandheatlosesration,andsecondwiththeuseofdefaultvalues.

No.Itdoesnotappeartobethecase.

Yes.Seecolumn1.

Portugal Informationnotfound.







available

RomaniaYes.CalculationmethodologyanddefaultvaluesareavailableintheregulationMC001-2006(Petranetal.,2017).


Slovakia

Yes.CalculationforEPCarecarriedoutinaccord-ancewithCENstandardsfullyintegratedintotheSlovaktechnicalstandardssystem(STN),andamendedbytherespectivenationalannexes.Defaultinputvaluesareavailableforvariousfields,suchasclimate,thermaltransmittancevalues(Sternovaetal.,2015).


SloveniaYes.Defaultvaluesareavailable(Regulationsonthemethodologyforproducingandissuingener-gyperformancecertificatesforbuildings,2014).

Informationnotfound. YesFornon-residentialbuildingsalsoameteredEPCispossible(Regulationsonthemethodologyforproducingandissuingenergyperformancecertif-icatesforbuildings,2014).

Spain Yes.Commerciallyavailablesoftwareprovideforadefaultvalue,onedataasinputparameter.

No.Validityrangesforinputdataareunavailable.

No.Suchaprovisionisunavailable.

Sweden

Yes.Defaultvaluesfordataconnectedtouserbehaviourareavailable,fordifferenttypesofbuildings(domestic,office,educational),tocalcu-lateenergyperformanceofnewbuildingsbeforetheyarebuilt.Thesevaluesarealsousedtoadjustthemeasuredenergyperformanceofexistingbuildingstonormaluseofabuilding.TheEPCsarebasedonmeasuredenergyuseadjustedtonormaluseandanormalyear.

Yes.Thereisnoofficialdatabutdifferentguidesareavailable.

Yes.Thereisnoofficialdatabutdifferentguidesareavailable.

UKYes.CalculationmethodologyanddefaultvaluesforvariousinputdataareavailableinSAP,RdSAPandNCM(BRE,n.d.-b,2020).


No.Suchaprovisionap-pearstobeunavailable.

Table9:EPCsoftware:defaultvaluesorvalidityrangesforinputparameters

3.3 OnlinetoolforcomparingEPCrecommendationstodeepenergyrenova-tionrecommendations

Onlinetools,suchasthosethatallowbuildingownerstocomparetheenergyconsumptiondata(andthe renovation recommendations) asper theEPCwithmarket average/typical buildings and thosethat provide specific deep energy renovation recommendations, which are consistentwith typicalelementsofanindividual“deeprenovationpassport/roadmap”,willpromotedeeprenovation.Dur-ingorevenbeforeanenergyaudit,suchtoolsalsoactasadecisionsupportmechanismforbuildingownerstofocusonspecificmeasureswhilechoosingbetweendifferentdeepenergyefficiencyreno-vationrecommendations.

Inseveralmemberstates,anonlinedecisionsupport tool/mechanismforbuildingowners to focuson specific measures while choosing between different renovation recommendations is available(seefigurebelow).TheRequest2Actionproject,co-fundedbytheEuropeanCommission,hasenabledenhancingexistingtoolsandbringingtogetheronlineresourcesforhomeownersinitsprojectpart-ner countries. Similarly, another EuropeanCommission fundedproject, calledRentalCal has devel-


opedaprofitabilitycalculationtool thatprovidesanopenandobjectivecomparisonof theretrofitopportunitiesavailabletoinvestorsintheresidentialrentalmarket.Anotherprojectco-financedbytheEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFund,called‘PrioritiseEnergyEfficiency(EE)MeasuresInPublicBuildings:ADecisionSupportToolForRegionalAndLocalPublicAuthorities’,developedaweb-basedapplication, called Decision Support Tool. The tool helps local and regional authorities to quicklyevaluate the possibility for energy (and financial) savings by applying various energy efficiencymeasuresinpublicbuildings.

OnlinetoolsforcomparisonofenergyconsumptionasperEPCwithmarketaverage/typicalbuildingsareavailableinfewcountries,suchasFrance,IrelandandItaly.ThisisenabledintheEPCitselfinfewothercountries,suchasBelgiumandSweden.

AmongQualDeEPCprojectpartnercountries,anonlinetool/decisionsupportmechanismonenergyefficientrenovationsforresidentialbuildingsisavailableinGermany,GreeceandSweden.InSwedenand Latvia, an online tool is available that compares energy consumption as per EPCwithmarketaverage/typicalbuildings.

Figure5:AvailabilityofonlinetoolforcomparingEPCrecommendationstodeepenergyrenovationrecommendations

Thefollowingtableshowsinbriefthestatusofavailabilityofonlinetoolsinvariousmemberstates.

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

●

Availability of online tool for comparing EPC recommendations to deep energy renovation recommendations

Online tool/decision support mechanism on energy efficient renovationsNo such tool availableInformation not found

● Online tool that compares energy consumption as per EPC with market average/typical buildingsQualDeEPC partner countries


Onlinetool/decisionsupportmechanismforbuildingownerstofocusonspecificmeasureswhilechoosing

betweendifferentenergyrenovationrecommendationsisavailable

OnlinetoolthatcomparesenergyconsumptionasperEPCwithmarketaverage/typicalbuild-

ingsisavailable

Austria

Yes.Asuiteofonlinedecisionsupporttoolsforbuildingownerstochoosetheprofitabilityofvariousenergyeffi-ciencymeasuresisavailable(AustrianEnergyAgency,n.d.-a).

Informationnotfound.EPConlycarriesreferencevaluesasperofminimumenergyperformancerequirements(EnergieTirol,n.d.).

Belgium Yes.EPCtoolitselfincludesthisfeature. Yes.EPCtoolitselfincludesthisfeature.

Bulgaria No.Onlinetoolisunavailable. No.Onlinetoolisunavailable.

Croatia Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Cyprus

Yes.Anonlinetoolisavailablethatprovidesrecommenda-tionsandcost-comfortanalysis.However,itdoesnotap-peartobeconnectedtoEPCorEPCrating(CyprusEnergyAgency,n.d.).


CzechRe-public

Yes.CzechRepublicisapartnerintheRentalCalprojectandhasdedicatednationalpagesontherentalmarketandatranslatedRentalCaltoolinCzech(RentalCal,n.d.-a).


Denmark

Yes.Energyefficientbuildingsolutions,theirtentativecostsandalongwiththedetailsofvendorsandhandworkersisavailableonSparEnergi.dk.ITtoolsforcost-benefitanalysisofenergyefficientrenovationsisavailablefromNationalBuildingResearchInstitute(StatensByggeforskningsinsti-tut,n.d.).DenmarkisapartnerintheRentalCalprojectandhasdedicatednationalpagesontherentalmarketandatranslatedRentalCaltoolinDanish(RentalCal,n.d.-c).

No.However,onecancompareEPCsofdifferentbuildingsonapubliclyaccessibledatabaseofEPCs(DanishEnergyAgency,n.d.-b).

Estonia Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Finland Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

FranceYes.FranceisapartnerintheRentalCalprojectandhasdedicatednationalpagesontherentalmarketandatrans-latedRentalCaltoolinFrench(RentalCal,n.d.-d).

Yes.ThisfeatureisavailableonthepublicEPCdatabase(ADEME,n.d.).

Germany

Yes.AtoolfromtheMinistryforEconomicAffairsandEnergyisavailable(BMWi,2015).GermanyisalsoapartnerintheRentalCalprojectandhasdedicatednationalpagesontherentalmarketandandatranslatedRentalCaltoolinGerman(RentalCal,n.d.-b).

No.Onlinetoolisunavailable.

Greece

Yes.Anonlinedecisionsupporttool-EnergyHUBforALL-wasdevelopedintheframeoftheRequest2Actionprojectandisstillinoperation.ThetoolisintegratedinanOne-stop-shopforbuildingrenovationplatform(CRES,2017).


Hungary No.Onlinetoolisunavailable. No.Onlinetoolisunavailable.

Ireland

Yes.SEAIprovidesvarioustoolsforassessingenergysav-ingsbyoptingforefficientlightingandheatingsystemsetc.However,mostofthetoolsareavailablefordownloadaspreadsheets(SEAI,n.d.-j).

Yes.NationalBERResearchtoolprovidesforsearchingdwellingbasedontheirBER(EPC)rating,location,area,andyearofconstruction.Theresultsshowmainspaceheatingfuelandefficiency,thermaltransmissionvaluesofbuild-ingenvelopeetc.forbuildingswithsimilarsearchcriteria(SEAI,n.d.-g).

Italy Informationnotfound.

Yes.However,itsisamobileapplicationthatcomparestherealconsumptionofthepropertywiththereferenceenergyrequirementforcon-dominium-typebuildings,assigningeachbuildingaclassofmerit(good/sufficient/insufficient)forbothheatingandelectricalconsumption.Italsoincludesalistofinterventionstooptimizeitsperformance(DipartimentoUnitàPerL’efficienza


Onlinetool/decisionsupportmechanismforbuildingownerstofocusonspecificmeasureswhilechoosing

betweendifferentenergyrenovationrecommendationsisavailable

OnlinetoolthatcomparesenergyconsumptionasperEPCwithmarketaverage/typicalbuild-

ingsisavailable

Energetica,2020).

Latvia No.Onlinetoolisunavailable.

Yes.However,itisnotactuallyatoolbuteachyearfor3typesofbuildings(apartmentbuildings,officebuildings,educationalbuildings)thevalueofspaceheatingconsumptionisgiven(thisvaluethengoesintoEPC)

Lithuania Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Luxembourg

Yes.Anonlinetool,calledEnergyPassSimulatorbymy-energyLuxembourg,isavailable.Itevaluatestheenergyefficiencyofbuildingsbasedoninputs(andnotbasedonEPCs)andprovidesrecommendationsforimprovingenergyperformanceofbuildings(myenergyLuxembourg,n.d.).


Malta Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Netherlands

Yes.Anonlinetoolthatprovidesrecommendationsforenergyefficientimprovementsfordwellingsaswellascostbenefitanalysisisavailable.(MilieuCentraal,n.d.-b)Neth-erlandsisapartnerintheRentalCalprojectandhasdedi-catednationalpagesontherentalmarketandatranslatedRentalCaltoolinDutch(RentalCal,n.d.-e).


PolandYes.PolandisapartnerintheRentalCalprojectandhasdedicatednationalpagesontherentalmarketandatrans-latedRentalCaltoolinPolish(RentalCal,n.d.-f).


Portugal Yes.Anonlinetoolisavailableasapartofone-stop-shop(CasaEficiente2020,2020).


Romania Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Slovakia Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Slovenia Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Spain

No.Therearesixtools,buttheyarenotonline.Oneofthem,CE3XoffersthepossibilitytheEPCassessorwritesrecommendations.Havinganonlinetoolisinterestingandshouldbeimpartial.Accordingtotheresultsoftheques-tionnairesitisagoodideathatthetoolwillprovidespecificrecommendationsfordeepenergyrenovation.SpainisaregionalpartnerfortheprogrammeRentalCall.


Sweden Yes.TherearecommercialprogramsforsalethatareadaptedtoSwedishEPC,althoughthereisnoofficialtool.

Yes.WithintheEPCtworeferencevaluesaregivenbesidesthebuilding´sactualenergyper-formance.Onethatgivestheenergyperfor-manceforsimilarbuildingsandonesthatgivestherequirementfornewconstructionwithinthesamebuildingcategory.

UK

Yes.ServiceoftheEnergySavingTrust:HomeEnergyCheckHomeEnergyCheckScotlandincludeslotofdetailedinfor-mation,toolsandcalculators,FinancialSupport,listsofregisteredhandcrafts,databaseofenergyefficientprod-ucts(EnergySavingTrust,n.d.-d,n.d.-b).UKisapartnerintheRentalCalprojectandhasdedicatednationalpagesontherentalmarketandatranslatedRentalCaltoolinEnglish(RentalCal,n.d.-g).

Informationnotfound

Table10:AvailabilityofonlinetoolforcomparingEPCrecommendationstodeepenergyrenovationrecommendations


3.4 On-siteinspectionduringEPCassessment

During EPC assessment, an on-site inspection (including interview/consultationwith the owner) isveryuseful.Ithastheadvantagesofreducingtheinputerrorstoaminimum,butitentailsanaddi-tionalcost.Furthermore,insomecountries,EPCsoftwaredoesnotproviderecommendationsauto-matically(e.g.,basedonadatabaseofbuildingtypologyandrenovationmeasures),andtheassessorchoosesrecommendationsfromagivenlistofmeasuresorprovidestheirrecommendations.Insuchcases,itisevenmoreimportanttoconductanon-sitevisittoprovidebuilding-specificrecommenda-tions.Thefollowingfigureshowsthestatusofrequirementsforon-siteinspectionduringindifferentmemberstates.Inmostmemberstates,anon-sitevisitiseithermandatoryforallbuildingsorman-datoryforsomecategoryofbuildings(e.g.,existing/residential/non-residential/public).

AmongQualDeEPCpartnercountries,SpainandGermanyhavenorequirementsorguidelinesforanon-siteinspection,whileon-siteinspectionismandatoryforallbuildingsinSweden,Greece,Bulgaria,andLatvia. InHungary,on-site inspectionappears tobevoluntary, subject to interpretationof thelaw.

Figure6:On-siteinspectionduringEPCassessment

The following table shows in brief the status of requirement for on-site inspection during EPC as-sessmentinvariousmemberstates.

On−site inspection during EPC assessment

On−site inspection is mandatory for all buildingsOn−site inspection is mandatory for some buildings (e.g., existing/new/residential/non−residential/public)On−site inspection is voluntaryNo requirements or guidelines for on−site inspection are in placeOn−site isnpecton is not requiredQualDeEPC partner countries


On-siteinspectionismandatoryforallbuildings

On-siteinspectionismandatoryforsomebuildings(e.g.,exist-

ing/new/residential/non-residential/public)

On-siteinspectionisvoluntary

Austria No.On-siteinspectionisnotrequired(Ar-cipowskaetal.,2014). No.Seecolumn1

Yes.Itisrecom-mendedespeciallyforoldbuildings(AustrianEnergyAgency,n.d.-b).

Belgium Yes.On-siteinspectionismandatoryforallbuildings(Loncouretal.,2016). No.Seecolumn1 No.Seecolumn1

BulgariaYes.Itismandatory,undertheEEActandrelatedordinanceЕ-РД-04-1forEPCimple-mentation

No.Seecolumn1 No.Seecolumn1

Croatia

Yes.Anon-sitevisitandenergyauditismandatoryfortheissuanceofEPC(Ordi-nanceonenergyauditingofbuildingsandenergycertification,2017).

No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

Cyprus No.Seecolumn2.Yes.Itappearsthaton-siteinspectionsarerequiredonlyforexistingbuildings(Dra-cou,2016).

No.Seecolumn2

CzechRe-public

No.On-siteinspectionisnotrequired(Ar-cipowskaetal.,2014). No.Seecolumn1 No.Seecolumn1

Denmark No.Seecolumn2.

Yes.On-siteinspectionisrequiredonlyforfewcategoriesofbuildings,suchasde-tachedsingle-familyhouses,rowhouses(BekendtgørelseomHåndbogforEner-gikonsulenter(HB2019),2019).

No.Seecolumn2.

Estonia No.Seecolumn2.Yes.On-siteinspectionsarerequiredonlyinexceptionalcircumstances(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

No.Seecolumn1and2.

Finland

Yes.On-siteinspectionismandatoryforallbuildings(DecreeoftheMinistryoftheEnvironmentontheenergycertificateforthebuilding,2017).


FranceYes.On-siteinspectionisrequiredforallbuildings(MinistryoftheEcologicalandInclusiveTransition,n.d.).


Germany No.Seecolumn3 No.Seecolumn3

Ithastobedifferen-tiatedtowhichoccasiontheEPCisissued,buttherearealternativesallowed

Greece Yes.On-siteinspectionisrequiredforallbuildings. No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

Hungary Yes.On-siteinspectionismandatoryasperlaw. No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

Ireland

Yes.On-siteinspectionisrequiredforallbuildings.TheBERAssessorisrequiredtovisitpremisesbeingassessed(SEAI,2019a,2019b).

No.Seecolumn1 No.Seecolumn1

Italy No.On-siteinspectionisnotrequiredforallbuildings(Arcipowskaetal.,2014). No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

Latvia

Yes.Itishardtosaywhetheritismandatorybutitiscommonpracticethatthebuildingsgetinspected



On-siteinspectionismandatoryforallbuildings

On-siteinspectionismandatoryforsomebuildings(e.g.,exist-

ing/new/residential/non-residential/public)

On-siteinspectionisvoluntary

Lithuania Yes.On-siteinspectionisrequiredforallbuildings(Arcipowskaetal.,2014). No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

LuxembourgNo.Seecolumn2. Yes.On-siteinspectionismandatoryforexistingbuildings(Guichet.lu,n.d.). No.Seecolumn2.

Malta Yes.On-siteinspectionisrequiredforallbuildings(Arcipowskaetal.,2014). No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

NetherlandsNo.On-sitevisitisnotrequired(MinisterievanBinnenlandseZakenenKoninkrijksrelat-ies,2015).


Poland No.On-sitevisitisnotrequired(Arcipowskaetal.,2014). No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

Portugal Yes.On-siteinspectionisrequiredforallbuildings(Arcipowskaetal.,2014). No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

Romania Yes.On-siteinspectionisrequiredforallbuildings No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

Slovakia No.EPCscanbeissuedonline.Anon-siteinspectionisnotnecessary(e.g.(SSE,2020)).No.Seecolumn1.

Yes.Anon-siteinspectionispossi-ble,butmoreex-pensive(e.g.(SSE,2020)).

Slovenia

Yes.TheEPCissuanceincludestheinspec-tionofthebuildingandinstallations,analy-sisofbuildingandenergyusedataandthecalculationofthenecessaryenergyindica-tors.On-siteinspectionisnotobligatoryfordwellingsandnewbuildings(Regulationsonthemethodologyforproducingandissuingenergyperformancecertificatesforbuild-ings,2014).


Spain

No.Currently,on-sitevisitisnotmandatory,butthereisaproposalforRD235/2013modificationsthatwillincludethemandato-ryvisit.


Sweden Yes.On-sitevisitismandatoryforallbuild-ings. No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

UK No.Seecolumn2.

Yes,On-sitevisitismandatoryforexistingbuildings,butnotfornewbuildings(De-partmentforCommunitiesandLocalGov-ernment,2017).

No.Seecolumn2.

Table11:On-siteinspectionduringEPCassessment

3.5 Highuser-friendlinessoftheEPC

Foritseffectivenessandmarketacceptance,veryhighuser-friendlinessofvariousaspectsofEPCsisessential,suchaspresentationofenergyconsumptionandrating,andrecommendationsforrenova-tion,potentialenergy(andcost)savingsandotherbenefits.Thefollowingfigureshowsthestatusoftheseaspectsofuser-friendlinessoftheEPCindifferentmemberstates.Itwouldbeoptimalif‘highuser-friendliness were the first step to the development of an individual deep renovation pass-port/roadmapforabuilding.


Inallmemberstates,energyratingonEPCispresentedinclasses,exceptinMaltaandPoland,whereaslidingscaleisused;andinSlovenia,wherebothclassesandslidingscaleareusedfornewbuild-ings, and only a sliding scale is used for existing buildings. EPCs also often provide detailed infor-mationontheexistingconstructionandbuildingsystems,anddescribethecalculationmethodology.

Recommendationsareusuallybasedontheirpotentialoftechnicalandeconomicfeasibilityfor im-plementationincompliancewiththeEPBDandarepresentedinEPCsofallmemberstates.AlistofpossiblerecommendationsisoftenavailabletotheEPCassessorsfromwhichtheyareabletochoosetheonesthatarecosteffectivetoimplement.However,inmostcasestheassessorsarealsofreetosuggestother recommendations,basedon justification. In someEPCs recommendationsareclassi-fied,bundledandpresentedundercategories,suchas:

• Improvementsinbuildingcomponentsandtechnologies,e.g.,buildingenvelope,technicalsys-temsetc.

• Short-termimprovementsandlong-termimprovements,i.e.,improvementsthatareimmedi-atelyrequiredandimprovementsthatcouldtakeplacewhenthebuildingcomponentsorsys-temsarerepairedorreplacedinthenearfuture.

• Majorandminorimprovements,basedontheamountoftheirenergyandcostsavings.

Aclearpresentationofpotentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefits(e.g.,increasedcomfortlev-els)thatcouldbeobtainedbyimplementingtherecommendationsareprovidedin17countries. Infew countries, such asGreece, Italy and Luxembourg, recommendations are presented alongwithclearevidenceofpaybackperiods,andclassachievablethroughimplementingtherenovationseitherindividuallyorcumulatively.

Among QualDeEPC project partners, EPC rating and recommendations are provided in Spain andHungary,whileintheothercountries,potentialenergyandcostsavingsandbenefitsbyimplement-ingtherecommendationsarealsopresented(inGermany,thisisvoluntary).


Figure7:Highuser-friendlinessoftheEPC

EPCratingispresented(classesorslidingscale)

EPCratingandrecommendationsforrenovationarepresented

EPCratingandrecommendationsaswellaspotentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbene-

fitsarepresented

Austria

Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.Recommen-dationsforrenovationarepresentedintheAnnex.

Yes. No.Potentialenergyandcostsavingsandbene-fitsarenotpresented(OIB,2015).

Belgium Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses..

Yes.However,presentationofrecommendationsmightvaryregionally(envi-ronnement.brussels,n.d.;FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-b;WallonieenergieSPW,n.d.-b).

Yes.Recommendationsarepresentedbasedontheirprofitability(cost-effectiveness)andtech-nicalfeasibility.Presentationmightvaryregion-ally(environnement.brussels,n.d.).

Bulgaria Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses. Yes.

Yes.EPCratingandrecommendationsaswellaspotentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarepresented

Croatia Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.

Yes.Alistofcosteffectiverecom-mendationsarepresented

Yes.Asimplepaybackperiodisprovided(Ordi-nanceonenergyauditingofbuildingsandenergycertification,2017).

Cyprus Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses. Yes.Seecolumn3.

Yes.RecommendationsreportispresentedalongwithEPC,whichconsistsofinformationonrecommendationsandpaybackperiods(Xichilos&Hadjinicolaou,2011).

CzechRe-public

Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.

Yes.Recommendationsforim-provementarepresented.

No.Potentialenergyandcostsavingsandbene-fitsarenotpresented(Šanceprobudovy,2018).

Denmark Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses Yes.

Yes.RecommendationsaswellaspotentialtonnesofCO2emissionandcostsavingsandbenefitsarepresented.Inaddition,alistofenergysavingsthatareestimatedtobeprofit-

High user−friendliness of the EPC

EPC rating and recommendations as well as potential energy (and cost) savings and benefits are presented

EPC rating and recommendations are presented






fitsarepresented

abletoimplementinshort-termandlong-termarepresented(DanishEnergyAgency,2016).

Estonia Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.

Yes.Alistofenergysavingmeasuresforexistingbuildings,whicharetechnicallyandeconomi-callyreasonable,ispresented.

No.Notrequiredaspertheregulation(Formatandprocedureofissuanceofenergyperfor-mancecertificates–RiigiTeataja,2014).

Finland Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses. Yes.

Yes.Recommendationsaswellaspotentialenergysavingsarepresented(MotivaOy,n.d.-d).

France

Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses(MinistèredelaTransitionécologiqueetsolidaire,n.d.).

Yes.Yes.Recommendationsaswellaspotentialinvestment,savings,paybackperiodandtaxcreditsarepresented(Rogeretal.,2014).

Germany

Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclassesonaslidingscale.However,forgeneralpublic,thesystemisdiffi-culttounderstand,e.g.demandandconsumptionbasedEPCsarenotcompa-rable.

Yes. Yes.DataonpaybacktimesorcostofkWhsavedarepresented.However,thisisvoluntary.

Greece Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses. Yes.

Yes.EPCratingandrecommendationsaswellaspotentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarepresented.

Hungary

Yes.EPCsinHungarycon-tainthecalculations,withlotsofformulaeandnum-bers,whichisusuallynon-comprehendiblebytheuser.Theyusuallydon’tunderstandanythingapartfromtheenergyclass,butitdoesn’tmeanmuchtothem.

Yes.However,therecommenda-tionspartisalthoughcompulsory,itisnotverywelldeveloped,itusuallyincludesonlybroadsugges-tionsofmeasures(suchas:heatinsulationofthefacadesisrecom-mended).ThecurrentpracticedoesnotmotivatehomeownerstouseEPCs,theyonlyfinditabur-den.

No.Potentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarenotpresented

Ireland Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses(SEAI,n.d.-a). Yes.

Yes.AnadvisoryreportisaccompaniedtotheBERcertificate,identifyingpotentialimprove-mentsthatcouldleadtobettercomfortlevels,reducedenergyuseandcosts.Thisadvisoryreportshowsindetailforeachbuildingcompo-nentpossibleimprovementmeasures.ThesemeasuresareratedwithCosts:lowtohigh,andwithImpact:lowtohigh(CommercialEnergyRatings,2017;SEAI,2017b).

Italy

Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.Classes(Min-istryofEconomicDevel-opment,n.d.).

Yes.

Yes.Recommendationshavetobemandatorilypresentedalongwiththeevidenceofpaybackperiods,andclassachievablethroughimple-mentingthemajorrenovations(MinistryofEconomicDevelopment,n.d.).

Latvia Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses. Yes.

Yes.EPCratingandrecommendationsaswellaspotentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarepresented.

Lithuania Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.

Yes.Recommendationsforim-provementareprovided.

No.Potentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarenotpresented(Encius&Baranaus-kas,2018).

Luxembourg Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses. Yes. Yes.Alistofmeasuresforimprovementaswellastheirpotentialenergyandcostsavingsand





fitsarepresented

benefitsarepresented,alongwiththenewachievableenergyclass,whentherenovationmeasureisimplementedindividuallyorcumu-latively(guichet.public.lu,n.d.).

MaltaYes.EPCratingispresent-edinslidingscale(draftspecimen).

Yes.EPCratingandrecommenda-tionsforrenovationarepresented.

No.Potentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarenotpresented(BuildingRegulationOffice,2020b).

Netherlands Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.

Yes.Theenergylabelcontainstipsonmakingdwellingsmoreenergyefficient.

No.Potentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarenotpresented(EnergieDeskun-dig.nl,2019).

Poland

Yes.Linearcontinuousscalerangingfrom0to500(thelowerthenumber,themoreenergyefficient).

Yes.Recommendationsforcost-effectiveandfeasibletechnicalimprovementarepresented.

No.Potentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarenotpresented(RegulationoftheMinisterofInfrastructureandDevelopmentof27February2015onthemethodologyfordeterminingtheenergyperformanceofabuild-ingorpartofabuilding,andenergyperfor-mancecertificates,n.d.).

Portugal Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses. Yes.

Yes.Recommendationsarepresentedwithcostbenefitanalysisaswellasthepotentialclassachievablebyimplementingthoserecommen-dations,individuallyandcumulatively(ADENE,2019).

Romania Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.

Yes.Recommendationsareprovid-ed.

No.Informationonpotentialenergyandcostsavingsisnotoftenprovided(BPIEetal.,2017).

Slovakia Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses.

Yes.Recommendationsarepre-sented

No.Potentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarenotpresented(energeticky-certifikat.sk,n.d.).

Slovenia

Yes.Bothclassesandslid-ingscalefornewbuildingsandonlyslidingscaleforexistingbuildings.

Yes.Alistofrecommendationsisprovided.Recommendationsshouldbestateoftheartandtechnicallyfeasible.Recommenda-tionstargetthebuildingshell,energyefficiency,useofrenewableenergyandorganizationalmeasures.

No.Potentialenergysavingsandbenefitsarenotpresented(Regulationsonthemethodologyforproducingandissuingenergyperformancecertificatesforbuildings,2014).

Spain Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses

Yes.However,theEPCassessormaywriteornottherecommenda-tionsandtheseareincludedinanotherfile.

No.Potentialenergy(andcost)savingsandbenefitsarenotpresented.

Sweden Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclassesfromA-G.

Yes.TheEPCassessorshouldgiverecommendationsforrenovationmeasuresthatarecost-effective.Recommendationsarepresentedinthreemaincategories;BACsystems,buildingservicesandbuildingenvelope.Therearesev-eralsubdivisions.

Yes.Recommendationsandindicativepotentialofenergy(andcost)savingsshouldbereportediftheyarecost-effective.Thismeansthatrecommendationsmaydifferdependentonavail-ableinputdataforinvestmentcosts.

UK Yes.EPCratingispresent-edinclasses. Yes.

Yes.Recommendationsforrenovationaswellaspotentialenergyandcostsavingsandbene-fitsarepresented(EnergySavingTrust,n.d.-a).

Table12:Highuser-friendlinessoftheEPC


3.6 Improvingtherenovationrecommendations

ImprovingtherenovationrecommendationsprovidedontheEPCisimportantsothatitbecomesthefirststeptowardsanindividualbuildings‘deeprenovationpassport/roadmap’.Forthispurpose,therecommendations should focusonhigh-energy-efficiencyoptions consistentwithdeep renovation.Assessmentsoftwaretoolsshouldprovidesuchhigh-energy-efficiencyoptionsinhighqualityastheiroutputfortherenovationrecommendations.Furthermore,animprovementwouldbethatthefirstpagesoftheEPCwouldpresentanoverviewofsuchrecommendationsand(ifpossible)energysav-ings, togetherwith linksfor further informationandfinancialsupport for implementingtherecom-mendations.

Inthefollowingfigure, thepotentialof theEPCtobecomean individualbuildingsdeeprenovationpassport/roadmapisanalysedbyvariousaspectsonthewayrecommendationsarepresented,suchaspotentialenergy(andcost)savings,benefits forcomfortandwellbeing,paybackperiods,promi-nent display and explanation of recommendations and links to financial support. Among non-QualDeEPCprojectpartnercountries,whenmostofthesefeaturesarepresentinanEPC,thenit isregardedas“requirementsinforce/guidanceavailabletoproducetherenovationrecommendationsinawaytobecomethefirststeptowardsindividualbuildingsdeeprenovationpassports/roadmaps”.Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal and UK, along with QualDeEPC project partners Germany,Greece, and Latvia, have progressive EPCs, tomotivate and facilitate the building owners towardsdeeprenovation,andwiththepotentialofbecomingdeeprenovationpassports/roadmaps.

Inmostmemberstates,EPCsprovidelinkstofinancialsupport,suchasincentivesorsubsidyschemesthatarehelpfulincarryouttherenovations.ThequalityofEPCsoftwareandinputdataalsoplaysacrucialroleforconductingdetailedanalysisrequiredfordeeprenovationpassports/roadmaps,suchasinvestmentscosts,savingsandpaybackperiods,forexample,EPCinUK.

AmongQualDeEPCproject partner countries,Hungary, and Spain do not have any of the featuresthat improvetherenovationrecommendationstowardsdeeprenovation. InSweden,cost-effectiverecommendationsshouldbepresentedinthefirstfewpagesofEPC.InGermany,recommendationsarepresentedinthefirstfewpagesofEPC(notnecessarilythefrontpage).Greece,andLatviaalsoindicate that there are requirements/guidance available to produce the renovation recommenda-tionsthatleadtoindividualbuildingsdeeprenovationpassports/roadmaps.ExceptforBulgaria,noneofthepartnercountrieshaveEPCsoftwaretoolsthatincludehighqualityandhigh-energyefficiencyoptionsforrenovationrecommendations.


Figure8:Improvingtherenovationrecommendationstowardsdeeprenovation

The following table providesmore information regarding improving the renovation recommenda-tionstowardsdeeprenovationinvariousmemberstates.

Requirementsinforceand/orguidanceavaila-bletoproducethereno-vationrecommendationsinawaytobecomethefirststeptowardsindi-vidualbuildingsdeeprenovationpass-ports/roadmaps

Assessmentsoftwaretoolsincludehighqualityandhighenergyefficien-cyoptionsforrenovation

recommendations

Summaryofrecommenda-tionsand(ifpossible)energysavingsisprovidedonthefirstpagesoftheEPC(insteadofinthedetailedreportorthe

Annex)

RecommendationsonEPCsincludelinksfor

furtherinformationandfinancialsupport

Austria Informationnotfound.

Yes.EPCsoftwareGEQprovideshighqualityandhigh-energyefficiencyoptions(GEQ,n.d.).How-ever,thiscouldpotential-lybetoolspecificandnotallavailabletoolsmayhavethisfeature.

No.RecommendationsarepresentedintheAnnex.

No.Suchrecommenda-tionsarenotprovidedintheguidelinesandmaybeabsentfromtheEPC(OIB,2015).

Belgium

Yes.Recommendationsarepresentedinawaytoimprovetheenergyclassofthebuilding.Infor-mationandbenefitsforfurtherpursuingade-tailedenergyauditandactingontherecommen-dationsarepresented,forexample,EPCsfromFlem-ishregion(FlemishEnergy

Yes.Recommendationsarepresentedinvariouscategories,suchasbuild-ingenvelope,heatingandhotwaterinstallations,ventilationsystemandrenewables,forexample,EPCsfromFlemishregion(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-b).

Yes.Recommendationsareprovidedin2ndand3rdpagesoftheEPCreport(envi-ronnement.brussels,n.d.;FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-b;WallonieenergieSPW,n.d.-b).

Yes.Linkstofurtherinformationandfinan-cialinformationareprovided(WallonieenergieSPW,n.d.-b).

●●●

●●●●

●●●●

●●●

●●●●●●●

●●●

●●

●●

●

●

●●

●●

●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●●

●

●

●

●●

Improving the renovation recommendations towards deep renovation

●

●

●

●

Assessment software tools include high quality and high energy efficiency options for renovation recommendations

Requirements in force and/or guidance available to produce the renovation recommendations in a way to become the first step towards individual buildings deep renovation passports/roadmaps

Recommendations on EPCs include links for further information and financial support

Summary of recommendations and (if possible) energy savings is provided on the first pages of the EPC (instead of in the detailed report or the Annex)


Absence of labels in QualDeEPC partner countries indicate that they are unavailable In other countries, it indicate that they are unavailable or information not found; check the corresponding table




recommendations


Annex)



Agency,n.d.-b).

Bulgaria No.Nosuchrequirementsorguidanceareinplace.

Yes.Highqualityandhigh-energyefficiencyoptionsarepresented.

Yes.Summaryofrecommenda-tionsareprovidedonthefirstpagesoftheEPC.

No.Linkstofinancialsupportarenotprovid-ed.

CroatiaNo.Recommendationsareonlylistedwithasimplepaybackperiod.

No.Thenationalcalcula-tiontoolisstillintestphaseandtherearenocommercialtools.

Yes.Alistofcost-effectiverecommendationsispresentedonthethirdpageofEPC.

No.ItdoesnotappeartobethecaseintheprescribedformatoftheEPC(Ordinanceonenergyauditingofbuild-ingsandenergycertifi-cation,2017).

Cyprus

Yes.Renovationrecom-mendationsareprovidedalongwiththeircostsfortheirimplementation.Threesetofrecommen-dationsareprovided,short,mediumandlongpaybackperiodrecom-mendations.Further,theirimpactonenergysavingshasalsotobeevaluatedaslow,mediumorhigh.

Yes.EPCsoftwarepre-sentssomerecommenda-tions,andtheassessorcanchoosefromthislistand/orcancreatetheirownsetofrecommenda-tions.

No.RecommendationsareprovidedassupplementarydocumenttotheEPC.Howev-er,EPCisonly2pageslong.

No.Linkstofinancialsupportarenotprovid-ed(Xichilos&Hadjinico-laou,2011).

CzechRe-public

OnlyasummaryoftheimprovementsisprovidedonthefirstpagesofEPC.

Recommendationsarepresentedinvariouscategories,suchasbuild-ingenvelope,heatingandhotwaterinstallations,ventilationsystem.

SummaryofrecommendationsisprovidedinthesecondpageandtheirimpactonenergyperformanceisprovidedonthefirstpageoftheEPCcertif-icate.Detaileddescriptionoftherecommendationsareprovidedseparately(Šanceprobudovy,2018).


Denmark

Yes.TheDanishgovern-mentlaunchedacompre-hensivestrategyforener-gyrenovationoftheexistingbuildingstockinMay2014,whichincludesvariousactivitiesandprogrammes,includingstepstomakingtheEPCsmorerobustandensurefurthersupportoftheenergyrenovationofbuildings(Thomsenetal.,2015).

Yes.Privatesoftwareappeartoincludehighqualityandhighenergyefficiencyoptionsforrenovationrecommenda-tions.

Yes.Bestchoiceofrecommen-dationsisprovidedonthesecondpageandadetaileddescriptionofrecommenda-tionsisalsoprovidedinthepagesfollowingthat(DanishEnergyAgency,2016).


Estonia Informationnotfound.

Yes.RecommendationsareusuallyprovidedbytheEPCissuerfromthelistprovidedintheelec-






recommendations


Annex)



tronicenvironmentfordraftingenergyperfor-mancecertificatesinthenationalregisterofcon-structionworksanden-teredintotheregistry.Recommendationsarepresentedinvariouscategories,suchasbuild-ingenvelope,heatingandhotwaterinstallations,ventilationsystem(For-matandprocedureofissuanceofenergyper-formancecertificates–RiigiTeataja,2014).

Finland Informationnotfound

No.AssessmentsoftwareappearstobeusedonlytocalculatebuildingenergyperformanceandthecorrespondingEPCclass.Theassessorpro-videstherecommenda-tionbasedontheon-sitevisit.

Yes.Summaryofrecommenda-tionsisprovidedonthesecondpageanddetailsareprovidedfewpageslater.

No.Linkstofinancialsupportarenotmanda-torilyprovided(MotivaOy,n.d.-d).

France

Yes,renovationrecom-mendationsareprovidedinsufficientdetailtobeabletobecomethefirststeptowardsindividualbuildingsdeeprenovationpassport/roadmaps.

No.Assessorhastopro-viderecommendationsbasedonthesiteinspec-tion.A'recommendationsguide'isavailableforguidanceonhowtopro-videcost-effectiverec-ommendations.

Yes.Recommendationsaresummarizedonpage4ofEPC.

Yes.Linksforfurtherinformationandfinan-cialsupportareprovid-ed(Rogeretal.,2014,2015).

Germany Yes.

No.Assessmenttoolsdonotincludehighqualityandhighenergyefficiencyoptionsforrenovation.

Yes.Recommendationsfocusoncost-effectivemeasuresandareshownonpage4oftheEPC

No.Linkstofinancialsupportarenotprovid-ed.

Greece

Yes.Renovationrecom-mendationsareprovidedalongwithenergysavings,paybackperiodsandpotentialupgradeoftheenergyclass.

No.Assessmenttoolsdonotincludeoptionsforrenovation.

Yes.Auditorsprovidetherecommendationsonthe2ndpageoftheEPC(upto3).TechnicalGuidesincludeanextensivelist,toassistauditorsintheselectionofimprove-mentscenario.

No.Linksforfurtherinformationandfinan-cialsupportarenotprovided.

HungaryNo.Recommendationsusuallydon’tcontainveryspecificinformation.

No.

Yes.RecommendationsareacompulsorypartoftheEPCs,buttheyarenotnecessarilyonthefirstpages.

No.Seecolumn1.

IrelandYes.Grantsarelinkedtosomeofthepotentialrenovationrecommenda-

Yes.SBEMiesoftwaregeneratesadetailedadvisoryreportlisting

Yes.AlthoughthedetailedadvisoryreportistechnicallyanAnnex,astheEPCisonly

No.Linkstofinancialinformationarenotprovided.




recommendations


Annex)



tions(SEAI,n.d.-c). potentialrenovationrecommendationsforcosteffectiveimprove-menttotheenergyper-formanceofthebuilding.

onepage,thisisthenextpieceofinformationthatisavailableasapartoftheEPC(Commer-cialEnergyRatings,2017;SEAI,2017b).

ItalyNo.Recommendationsareonlylistedwithasimplepaybackperiod.

Informationnotfound

Yes.Thesectiononrecom-mendationsisonthesecondpage.Itreportstherecom-mendedinterventionsandtheestimateoftheresultsachiev-able,withthesingleinterven-tionorwiththerealizationofallofthem,expressingaroughassessmentofthepotentialforimprovementofthebuildingorpropertysubjecttotheenergyperformancecertifi-cate.

Yes.Page4ofEPCpro-videsinformationonopportunities;alsointermsofnationalorlocalsupporttools,relatedtotheexecutionofenergyauditsandenergyredevelopmentinterventions,includingmajorrenovations(Min-istryofEconomicDevel-opment,n.d.).

Latvia Yes. No. No.

No.EPChasamandato-ryannexwithcalcula-tionofenergyefficiencymeasures.

Lithuania Informationnotfound Informationnotfound Informationnotfound Informationnotfound

Luxembourg

Yes.Renovationrecom-mendationsareprovidedinsufficientdetailtobeabletobecomethefirststeptowardsindividualbuildingsdeeprenovationpassport/roadmaps.

No.EPCassessorprovidestherenovationrecom-mendationsbasedonthesitevisit(Reding&Flies,2014).

Yes.Alistofmeasuresforimprovementaswellastheirpotentialenergyandcostsavingsandbenefitsarepre-sentedinpagefiveoftheEPC.

Yes.Linksareprovidedbelowtherecommenda-tionsmeasures(gui-chet.public.lu,n.d.).

Malta Informationnotfound Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Netherlands

No.ThebuildingownersthemselvesviaonlineportalgenerateEPC.Theredoesnotappeartobeanymechanismforpresentingrenovationrecommendations(MilieuCentraal,n.d.).

No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1. No.Seecolumn1.

Poland

No.Cost-effectiveandfeasiblerecommenda-tionsareprovided,with-outfurtherinformationformakinginformedchoiceonrenovationrecommendations.

Yes.Theassessmentsoftwareallowsincludinghighqualityandhighenergyefficiencyoptions.However,thechoiceoffinalrecommendationsdependsontheauditor.

Yes.RecommendationsareprovidedinthethirdpageoftheEPCreport.

No.Nolinksareprovid-ed(RegulationoftheMinisterofInfrastruc-tureandDevelopmentof27February2015onthemethodologyfordeterminingtheenergyperformanceofabuild-ingorpartofabuilding,andenergyperformancecertificates,n.d.).




recommendations


Annex)



Portugal

Yes.Fundingschemesforenergyefficientrenova-tionaredesignedusingtheinformationavailableinEPCdatabase.EPCisprovidedinsufficientdetailtobeabletobe-comethefirststepto-wardsindividualbuildingsdeeprenovationpass-port/roadmap(Fragoso&Baptista,2018).

Yes.Atleastoneoftheavailablesoftwaretoolshasthecapabilitytoconductandpresenttechnoeconomicfeasibil-ityofrenovationrecom-mendations(Itecons,n.d.).

Yes.Summaryofrecommenda-tionsarepresentedonpage2and3(ADENE,2019).

Yes.Linkstofinancialincentiveschemesareprovidedimmediatelyafterpresentingtherecommendations(ADENE,2019).

Romania

Yes.EPCdataisusedtomapenergyrenovationopportunitiesandcouldalsobeusedtomonitorandshowcaseimple-mentedrenovationpro-jectsforEuropeanCom-mission’sHorizon2020programme,theENER-FUNDonlineapp(Teneaetal.,2018).

InformationnotfoundYes.Summaryofrecommenda-tionsareprovidedonpage2(Construction21.org,n.d.).

No.Linksarenotavaila-bleaspertheprescribedformat.

Slovakia No.Onlygenericrecom-mendationsareprovided.’Informationnotfound

Yes.Recommendationsarepresentedonthefirstpageitself.Linkstofinancialincentivesarepresentedbesidetherecommendations(energeticky-certifikat.sk,n.d.).

Slovenia No.Onlygenericrecom-mendationsareprovided. No.Seecolumn1.

Yes.Recommendationsareprovidedonpage3oftheEPCreport.Theenergyperformancecertificatelistssourcesformoredetailedinformationonthecost-effectivenessoftherecommendations.Italsoprovidesinformationonthemeasurestobetakentoimplementtherecommendations,aswellasinformationonenergyauditsandotherincentivesandfundingoptions(Regula-tionsonthemethodologyforproducingandissuingenergyperformancecertificatesforbuildings,2014).

Spain No. No.

No.TheEPCassessormaywriteornottherecommenda-tionsandtheseareincludedinanotherfile.

No.

Sweden

No.However,cost-effectiverenovationmeasuresshouldbegiv-en.

No.Yes.Cost-effectiverenovationmeasuresaregiveninthefirstfewpages.

No.

UK

Yes.Renovationrecom-mendationsandtheassociatedinformationarepresentedinawaytobecomefirststeptowardsindividualdeeprenova-tionpassports.

Yes.AsperrequirementsinSAP(BRE,2020).

Yes.Currentandpotentialofenergyuse,CO2emissions,lightingcosts,heatingcostsandhotwatercostsarepre-sentedonthe1stpage.Fur-therrecommendations(lowercostmeasuresplusfurthermeasures)arepresentedon

Yes.Linksandeligibilityforanindividualrec-ommendationtobefinancedunderGreenDealarepresentedinthetableofrecommen-dationsalongwithcapitalcost,typical




recommendations


Annex)



page3. savingsperyear,ratingafterimplementingtherecommendation(Ener-gySavingTrust,n.d.-a).

Table13:Improvingtherenovationrecommendationstowardsdeeprenovation

3.7 CompliancebetweenEPCratingandoperationalrating

Inallmemberstates,exceptinSweden,EPCratingfornewbuildingsisbasedonassetratingandnotrevisedtoreflectoperationalrating.InSweden,newbuildingsmusthaveanEPCbasedonmeteredenergyusetwoyearsaftertheyhavebeenbuilt,atthelatest;however,ifthebuildingissoldpriortothatmeasuredvaluesareavailable,theEPCcanbebasedoncalculations(validfor10years).Inexist-ingbuildings,ithasbeenobservedthatsomeofthecountriesbasetheEPCratingonanoperationalrating. Sometimes, different EPCs based on asset and operational ratings are issued for differentbuildingtypologies,suchasresidentialandnon-residentialbuildings.

3.8 EPCschemefornewbuildingscompatiblewithNZEBrequirements

Article9of theEPBDdirects thatby2019and2021,allnewbuildingsownedbypublicauthoritiesandallnewbuildings,respectively,arenearlyzero-energybuildings(NZEB)(basedoncountryspecif-icdefinitionsofNZEB).Furthermore,countriesarerequiredtodrawnationalplansforincreasingthenumber of nearly zero-energy buildings. This section examineswhether the existing EPC schemesalreadyincludeanddisplayNZEB-equivalentbenchmarks(countryspecificdefinitions)alongwiththecorresponding energy ratingon the EPC label. For example, if existing energy rating class ‘B’ for acategory of buildings correspond to nationalNZEB definitions, then the EPC label clearly indicatesthatenergyratingclass‘B’asNZEBorthisisclearlyindicatedinthecorrespondingpolicydocument,suchas thenationalplan forNZEB. InEPCs, thishighlightswhether thebuildingsalreadymeet theNZEB2019/2021requirements.However,onceArticle2oftheEPBDisimplementedandenforcedbythecountriesfrom2021,EPCenergyratingclass/scalefornewbuildingsneedstobecompatiblewithcountryspecificdefinitionsofNZEBrequirements.Furthermore,mostofthecountrieshavealreadyenforcedNZEBrequirementsforpublicbuildingsfrom2019orevenbefore,anditisunclearwhethertheEPCsalreadyreflectanewscaleforenergyclassforthesebuildings,whichmeetNZEBrequire-ments. The following figure showswhether and how current EPC schemes reflectNZEB in variousmember states.Approximately11 countriesEPCsalready clearly indicatewhen thebuildingsmeetNZEBrequirements.Insomecountriesthisisindicatedontheexistingenergyscale,asanadd-ontothebestclass,whichisA,forexample,asA++inLithuania,A2020inDenmark,A2inIrelandetc. Inother countries, it is displayed as a check box, for example, in Italy. AmongQualDeEPC countries,EPCsinBulgaria,Greece,Hungary,Latvia,SpainandSwedenarecompatiblewithNZEBrequirements.


Figure9:CompatibilityofEPCswithNZEBrequirements

The following table shows in briefwhether and how current EPC schemes reflectNZEB in variousmemberstates.

EPCschemefornewbuildingsiscompatiblewith(national)NZEBrequirements

AustriaNo.After31December2020,allnewbuildingsshallbeNZEBwithinthemeaningofArticle2(2)ofDirective2010/31/EUandasdefinedinOIB-330.6-014/14-012NationalPlanforlowenergybuildings(Altmann-Mavaddatetal.,2018).However,existingEPCdoesnotindicateenergyratingclassthatcorrespondstoNZEB.

BelgiumNo.Cost-optimalstudieshavebeenconductedtodefineNZEBbasedonanenergyperformanceindicator(E-level)andatimelinehasbeenestablishedforenrollingitindifferentbuildingtypologies.However,NZEBisnotreflectedinEPCs(DeMeulenaer&Triest,2018).

BulgariaYes.ThereisNationalPlanforNZEBthatsetrequirementsfornewpublicandprivatebuildings.TheOrdinanceforEnergyEfficiencyinbuildingsstillrequiredEnergyClassBfornewbuildingsandEnergyClassCforexistingbuildings.

Croatia Yes.EPCenrolsthebuildingasNZEBiftheenergyperformanceofabuildingmeetstherequirementsforzeroenergybuildings(Ordinanceonenergyauditingofbuildingsandenergycertification,2017).

Cyprus Yes.2ndnationalplanforincreasingthenumberofNZEBsindicatesthatNZEBclassas'A'.

CzechRe-public

No.NZEBdefinitionsareinplaceandallnewbuildingsmustgraduallymeetNZEBrequirementssince2016,subjecttotheirfloorareaandwhetherthebuildingsarepublicbuildings,toensurethatallnewbuildingscompletedby31December2020willbeNZEBs.However,NZEBisnotreflectedintheexistingEPCs(Svobodaetal.,2015).

Denmark

Yes.EPChasthreecategoriesinclassA,A2010,A2015,andA2020,whichrepresent.Theyearreferstothebuildingregulationsthatthebuildingmeets.Buildingwhichvoluntarilycomplieswiththebuildingclass2020(equivalenttoNZEBlevel)energyrequirementsfrom2020islabelledA2020(DanishEnergyAgency,2016;Thomsenetal.,2018).

Estonia No.DefinitionsforNZEBandthedatesfortheirenforcementareinplace,however,NZEBisnotreflectedonEPC.Onlyminimumenergyperformance(MEP)markasrequiredbytheMEPregulationisshown.

Finland No.NZEBisnotdisplayedontheEPC.

EPC for new buildings compatible with NZEB requirements

EPC scheme for new buildings is compatible with (national) NZEB requirements

Not compatible




EPCschemefornewbuildingsiscompatiblewith(national)NZEBrequirements

France No.NZEBisnotdisplayedontheEPC.

Germany Informationnotfound.

Greece

Yes.EPCschemefornewbuildingsiscompatiblewithNZEBrequirements(MinisterialDecreeofDecember2018–ApprovaloftheNationalPlanforincreasingthenumberofnearlyzero-energybuildings).Fornewbuildings,theenergyratingcorrespondingtoNZEBontheEPClabelisA(ForexistingbuildingstheEPCratingisB+)

Hungary Yes.

Ireland Yes.NZEBcompatiblebuildingswillhaveaBERratingofA2comparedwithacurrentratingfornewbuildsofA3(GovernmentofIreland,2019).

Italy Yes.EPCclearlyindicateswhetherNZEBstandardhasbeenattained(MinistryofEconomicDevelopment,n.d.).

Latvia

Yes.InEPClegislationNZEBisdefinedasabuildinghavingAclassenergyconsumptionforspaceheating.Alsoventilationwithheatrecuperationhastobeused.BuildingisclassifiedasaNZEBifthereisatleastapartofrenewableenergyusedforbuildingenergyneeds.InEPCthereisacheckmarkifabuildingqualifiesasaNZEB.Since2019newbuildingsownedandcontrolledbythestateandoccupiedbythestathavetobeNZEB.OthernewbuildingshavetoreachNZEBrequirementsiftheyarebuiltstartingfrom2021.

Lithuania Yes.NZEBisintroducedasA++classintheEPC(Encius&Baranauskas,2018).

LuxembourgYes.InLuxembourg,from2017,everynewresidentialbuildingwillbeaNearlyZeroEnergyBuilding(NZEB).AsaruletheNZEBcorrespondstoclassesAAA.However,site-specificconditionsarealsotakenintoaccount,whichcanresultindeviationsfromclassesAAA(myenergy,2020).

Malta Informationnotfound.

Netherlands

Yes.Fornewbuildings,adifferentmeasureofenergyefficiencyisrequired,calledEnergyPerformanceCoeffi-cient(EPC)(RVO,n.d.-c).AnNZEBwillhaveanEPCvalueof0.From2015,buildingpermitswereonlyissuedforhomeswithanEPCof0.4,andfrom2021EPCof0willbecomemandatoryfortheissueofbuildingpermits(MilieuCentraal,n.d.-a).

Poland No.Although,NZEBrequirementsareinplaceandareobligatoryfrom1stJanuary2021forallnon-publicbuildings(Bekierskietal.,2018).

Portugal No.NZEBisnotdisplayedontheEPC.

Romania No.However,theEPCformatshallbereviewedtointroducediversifiedenergyclassesforresidential/non-residentialNZEB(Teneaetal.,2018).

Slovakia No.NZEBisnotdisplayedontheEPC.However,NewpublicbuildingsmustfulfilNZEBrequirementsfrom1January2019(Sternova&Magyar,2018).

Slovenia No.NZEBisnotdisplayedontheEPC(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

SpainYes.Residentialbuildingsthatareconstructedafter2021-forpublicbuildingsare2019-mustmeettheNZEBparameters;Theseparameters(i.e.energydemand,efficiencyetc.)arealreadyincludedintheCTE,TechnicalBuildingCode.

Sweden Yes.

UK No.NZEBisnotdisplayedontheEPC.However,UKhasatargetforallnewhomestomeettheZeroCarbonStandardfrom2016andforallnewnon-residentialbuildingsfrom2019.

Table14:CompatibilityofEPCswithNZEBrequirements

3.9 TreatmentofinnovativetechnologiesinEPCassessmentcalculations

Achievingconvergingcalculationmethods,especiallyforinnovativetechnologiesintheEPCassess-ment,e.g.forheatrecoveryventilation,buildingautomationandcontrolsystems,reversibleheatpumps,advancedsolarshadingsystems,aswellasforrenewableenergysystems(cf.CAEPBDCCT1report)ensuresconvergenceintheEPCassessmentsbetweenvariousmemberstates.MostofthedocumentationontechnologiesconsideredinEPCassessmentcalculationisinthegoverningstand-ardsorintheirnationallanguage,whichisnoteasilyaccessible.Therefore,technologiesfromfewcountries,whereinformationcouldbeeasilyaccessible,orfromtheQualDeEPCpartnercountriesarepresentedhere.


InmostmemberstatesandtheUK,typicalheatgenerationanddistributionsystems,andventilationsystemsalongwithheatrecoveryareconsidered.SolarthermalandsolarPVsystemsareoftencon-sidered,however,windturbinesareonlyconsideredinfewcountries.Advancedlightingcontrolsorbuildingautomationcontrol(BAC)systems,suchasavailableinSweden,arenotoftenconsideredinothercountries.ThefollowingtableshowsinbriefthestatusoftreatmentofinnovativetechnologiesinEPCassessmentscalculationsinvariousmemberstates.

Listofinnovativetechnologiesthatareavailableintheassessmentprocess

Austria

Yes.OIB-Richtlinie6,whichisaguidedocumentforEPCs,indicatesthatuseofheatrecoverysystems,highlyeffi-cientalternativeenergysystems,suchasdecentralizationsupplysystem,cogeneration,heatpumps,andsolarthermalandphotovoltaicsystemsetc.shouldbeconsidered.Furthermore,thecalculationmethodologyforEPC,'LeitfadenEnergietechnischesVerhaltenvonGebäuden',usesbuildingstandardsthataccountforcalculationpro-ceduresformanyadvancedbuildingtechnologies(OIB,2015).

Belgium

Theassessmentprocessconsidersvariousheating,coolingandventilationtechnologies,anddomestichotwatersystems.Heatingandcoolinggenerationtechnologies,suchasheatpump,solarwaterheater,cogeneration,andresidualheatareconsidered.ElectricitygenerationthroughsolarPVsystemsisconsidered.Showerheatrecoveryisconsideredinenergyconsumptionfordomestichotwatercalculations.Humidificationandvariouslightingsys-temsarealsoconsideredfornon-residentialunits(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-b).

BulgariaThenationalmethodologyforcalculatingenergyconsumptionindicatorsandtheenergyperformanceofbuildingswasdevelopedonthebasisofBDSENISO13790andthebestEuropeanpracticesinthefieldofdeterminingtheannualenergyconsumptionforheating,ventilation,coolingandhotwater.

Cyprus

TheinputsintoSBEMcysoftware,whichisusedtogenerateEPCs,includetheHVACSystem,theDHWsystem,solarthermalsystem,photovoltaicsystem,windgenerator,andcombinedheatandpowersystems.Inaddition,lightingandlightingcontrols,ventilationandexhaustsystemsareconsidered,aswellas,thermalandphotovoltaicsolarsystems(Abela,2014).

EstoniaVarioustypesofheatingsystemsincludingheatpumps,districtheating;ventilationsystemswithheatrecovery,systemsthatutilisefreecooling,heatorelectricitygeneratedfromsolar,wind,waterandgeothermalenergysourcesareconsidered(Methodologyforcalculationofenergyperformanceofabuilding,2019).

HungaryHeatrecoveryventilation,heatpump,buildingautomation,solarpanels,solarcollectorsareconsidered’.’

IrelandDifferenttypesofHVACsystems,hotwatergeneratorsincludingsolarhotwater,SolarPVandwindturbinesforelectricitygeneration,combinedheatandpower,lightinganditscontrol,demandcontrolledventilationetc.areconsidered.

Sweden

Technologies/energymeasuresrelatedtothefollowingareasarelisted:BACsystems(e.g.heating,cooling,lightingandventilationondemand,pressure-controlledpumpsandvariablespeed-controlledfans),buildingservicessystems(e.g.energyefficientlighting,heatpumps,heatrecovery,solarcollectorsandsolarcells)andbuildingenvelope(e.g.energyefficientwindowsanddoors,additionalinsulation).

Table15:TreatmentofinnovativetechnologiesinEPCassessmentcalculations

3.10 CostofEPCs

ThecostofEPCsvariesconsiderablyacrossmemberstates.Especially inthosecountrieswheretheEPCsareissuedautomaticallyviaanonline-tool,costsarequitelow.Forexample,allbuildingsintheNetherlandsautomaticallyreceivedafreeprovisionalEPC.Onlyincaseofsellingorrentingadefini-tiveEPChastobeissued,whichcostsabout50EUR.InSlovakia,thereareseveralEPCassessorsof-feringonlineEPCsstartingatabout90EUR(e.g.https://www.certifikatybudov.sk),dependingonthetypeofbuilding..TherearetwotypesofEPCsinGermany.Themarketregulatesthepriceforissuingdependingonthesizeandtheeffortfordataacquisitionofthebuilding,therearealsoregionaldif-ferences.Aserious issuedconsumption-basedEPCcostsat least50Euros.Forasmallsingle familyhouse, the price for a demanded-based EPC is at least 300 Euros. For large and complex non-residentialbuildings,thepricesareseveralthousandEurosfordemanded-basedEPC.InHungarythecosts forEPCsaredetermined in the regulation:AnEPCcanbe issued fora residentialbuildingatabout75EUR,formulti-familyornon-residentialbuildingsanEPCcancostseveralthousandEUR.In


theUK,areliableEPCwillcostabout75to120GBP. IntheCzechRepublic,DenmarkandSpainanEPCcostsabout800EUR (AtanasiuandConstantinescu,2011). Typicalprices in Swedenare250–500Euroforone-familyhousesandfornon-residentialbuildings1000Euroormorearecommon.

Inmostcountries,themarketregulatesthecostsforEPCs.Especiallyinthosecountrieswhereanon-siteinspectionismandatoryorwheretheEPCalsoincludessomeelementsofanenergyaudit,thecostsaremuchhigher.AtanasiuandConstantinescu(2011)cometothesameconclusion:UsuallyalowerpriceofEPCcanberelatedtoalowerquality.

3.11 UpdatingofEPCswhenlegislationandregulationsforEPCschemechang-es

Thecomparabilityand,hence,theusefulnessofEPCsforbuildingmarketswould improve, if itwaspossibletogenerateupdatesofEPCswhenthe legislationandregulationsfortheEPCscheme(e.g.thelabellingscale)arechanged.Itwouldbebest,ifthiswereautomaticallyexecutedonline,withthehelp of a central database. However, such a provision is available only in Greece, which is aQualDeEPCcountrypartnercountry.Inmostothercountries,EPCsonceissuedarevalidfor10yearsandarenotre-issuedbeforethat.

3.12 EPCcalculationprocedureinadherencewithnewCENOASstandard

EPCcalculationmaybechanged tobe inadherencewith thenewCENOASstandard.TheEUmayestablish an overarching standard that provides a common,modular calculation core for buildingenergy performance calculation while leaving establishment of national user interfaces and inputvalues toMSs; (cf EN ISO52000-1:2018-03Energyperformanceofbuildings -OverarchingEPBas-sessment).TheadoptionofCENOASstandardsandthecorrespondingcalculationmethodologyareunderconsiderationinGreece,whichisaQualDeEPCcountrypartnercountry.InPoland,thereweremeetingsin2018withthedepartmentresponsibleforEPCsysteminPolandwherethepostulateofincludingnewENISOstandardshasbeenraised.


4 REQUIREMENTSFORQUALIFIEDEXPERTSINEUMEMBERSTATES

InadditiontoconciseEPCassessmentandcertificationrulesandtools,theknowledgeoftheexpertsallowed to perform the EPC assessment and issue the EPCs is another important precondition forqualityandcredibilityof theEPCs.SeveralpotentialelementsofagoodpracticeEPCschemewereanalysedinthisarea.

4.1 RegistryofEPCassessors

Anofficial registryofEPCassessors isusefulandpotentiallyevenneeded forcredibilityof theEPCscheme. Itallows for thebuildingowners to transparentlycheck thecredentialsofavailableasses-sors, and choose an assessor basedon their preference. In addition, a registry of EPC assessors iscrucialforqualitycontrolpurposes.

ThefollowingfigureshowstheavailabilityofregistryofEPCassessorsinvariousmemberstates.Ex-ceptforGermany,allothercountrieshaveanofficialregistryofEPCassessors.Fewcountries,suchasAustria andNetherlands also haveunofficial registriesmaintainedby professional bodies. In somecountries,theregistrationisautomaticallydonealongwiththequalificationasanEPCassessor,andin other countries EPC assessors have to register themselves upon qualifying. The following tableprovidesmoredetailsofEPCassessorsituationineachcountry.OfficialregistriesaremaintainedbyconcernedMinistries, EnergyAgencies, and sometimes, professional chambers. Association of EPCassessoretc.alsomaintainunofficial/commercialregistries.

Figure10:RegistryofEPCassessors

Registry of EPC assessors

An official registry of EPC assessors is available

Both official and commercial registries are available

EPC assessor registry is unavailable



The following table shows in brief the information on EPC assessor registers in various memberstates.

AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable

Anunofficialand/orcommercialregistryofEPCassessorsisavaila-

ble

Austria Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailableatfederallevel.Forexample,(EnergieTirol,2019)

Yes.AcommercialdatabaseofEPCprovidersisavailable(energieaus-weis.at,n.d.).

Belgium Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsfordifferentbuildingtypologiesisavailable,regionally(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-e). No.Unavailable.

Bulgaria Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailableasperthenationallegislation. No.Unavailable.

Croatia Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(MinistryofCon-structionandPhysicalPlanning,RepublicofCroatia,2020). No.Unavailable.

Cyprus Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(MinistryofEnergy,CommerceandIndustry-EnergyService,2020). No.Unavailable.

CzechRe-public

Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(MinistryofIndustryandTrade,2018). No.Unavailable.

Denmark Yes.Registryofenergylabellingcompaniesisavailable(Energistyrelsen,n.d.). No.Unavailable.

Estonia Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(MinistryofEconom-icAffairsandCommunications,n.d.-b). No.Unavailable

Finland Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(HousingFinanceandDevelopmentCenter,n.d.). No.Unavailable.

France Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(MinistryofEcology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandtheSea,n.d.). No.Unavailable.

Germany No.Unavailable. No.Unavailable.

Greece Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable No.Unavailable.

Hungary Yes.AvailableatthehomepageoftheChamberofArchitectsandtheChamberofEngineers. No.Unavailable

Ireland Yes.TheNationalRegisterofBERAssessors,maintainedbySEAI,isavail-able(SEAI,n.d.-h). No.Unavailable.

Italy Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(Monetaetal.,2015). No.Unavailable.

Latvia Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(StateBureauofConstructionControl,n.d.). No.Unavailable.

Lithuania Yes.Anofficialregistryisavailable(SPSC,2020a). No.Unavailable.

Luxembourg Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(Guichet.lu,n.d.). No.Unavailable.

Malta Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(BuildingRegulationOffice,2020a). No.Unavailable

NetherlandsYes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsismaintained,whichisaccessi-blebythebuildingowners,whenrequestingforadefinitiveenergylabel(RVO,n.d.-a,n.d.-b).

Yes.Anun-officialregistryofEPCassessorsforresidentialunitsisalsoavailable,whichismaintainedbzFedEC,aprofessionalassociationofenergyadvisors(maatwerkadviesvoorwoningen&FEDEC,n.d.).

Poland Yes.AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable(MinistryofInfra-structureandConstruction,n.d.).

Yes.TheAssociationofEnergyAuditorshasaregistryofrecom-mendedauditors(AssociationofEnergyAuditors&AssociationofEnergyAuditorsThemeIsle,n.d.).

Portugal Yes.ADENEmaintainsacentralregisterofallEPCassessors(ADENE,n.d.-e). No.Unavailable.

Romania MinistryofRegionalDevelopmentandPublicAdministrationmaintainsa Informationunavailable.


AnofficialregistryofEPCassessorsisavailable

Anunofficialand/orcommercialregistryofEPCassessorsisavaila-

ble

registryofenergyauditorsonitswebsite(MinistryofPublicWorks,DevelopmentandAdministration,2018).

Slovakia Yes.AnofficialregisterofEPCassessorsisavailablefromtheSlovakChamberofCivilEngineers(SlovakChamberofCivilEngineers,2020). No.Unavailable.

Slovenia Yes.AnofficialregisterofEPCassessorsismaintainedbytheMinistryofInfrastructure(MinistryofInfrastructure,n.d.).

Yes.Thewebsitewww.energeskaizkaznica.siprovidesasearchforindependentEPCasses-sors(energetskaizkaznica,n.d.).

Spain Yes.ThereisanofficialregistryinsomeRegions. No.Unavailable.

Sweden Yes.AvailableonthewebpageoftheNationalBoardofHousing,Build-ingandPlanning. No.Unavailable.

UKYes.AccreditedpersonstoundertakeanEPCareofficiallyregistered.Thisregisterispublicallyavailable(MinistryofHousing,CommunitiesandLocalGovernment,n.d.).

No.Unavailable.

Table16:RegistryofEPCassessors

4.2 RequirementsforregularmandatoryEPCassessortrainingonassessmentandrecommendationsasapreconditionforcertificationandregistry

UndergomandatorytrainingonEPCassessmentandprovidingrecommendationsforbeingcertifiedasanEPCassessorandincludedintheregistryenablesEPCassessorstoavoidcommonmistakes.ThefollowingfigureshowsthecurrentstatusoftrainingrequirementsforEPCassessorsinvariousmem-berstates.Mandatorytrainingonassessmentandrecommendations isrequiredfor initialcertifica-tionandregistrationinsomecountries,whileinotherstherearenosuchrequirements.However,inmanycountrieswithouttherequirementsformandatorytraining,thereareopportunitiesforvolun-tarytraining,andmostoftencandidatesshouldpassanexaminationforcertification.

The duration and contents of the course varies in variousmember states. In some countries, thequalificationsofthecandidatesandtheirprofessionalexperiencedeterminetheamountofrequiredtraining,whileinothercountriesallcandidatesmusttaketherequisitecourses.Primarily,theman-datorytrainingcoversaspects,suchasobtaininginputdata,performingcalculations,providingcost-effectiverecommendations,usingthedatabasesofregistriesforEPCsandEPCassessors,EPCasses-sorobligationsetc.Trainingisprovidedbyvariousorganizations,suchasUniversities,EnergyAgen-cies,Professionalchambers,oraccreditedthirdparties.

After initialcertificationoraccreditation (withorwithoutmandatorytraining),undergoingperiodictraining ismandatory insomecountries.This is toensure thatEPCassessorsupdate their skills re-gardingtechnicaladvancements,andlegislativeorregulatorychangesintheirfield.

AmongQualDeEPCpartnercountries,infourcountries,Germany,Greece,SpainandSweden,certifi-cationisnotlinkedwithmandatorytraining(inGermany,therearealternativestoit,whichhowevermayalsorequiretraining).InLatviaandHungary,mandatorytrainingisrequiredforobtainingcertifi-cation/accreditationandregistrationasanEPCassessorforthefirsttime.InSweden,itismandatorytopassanexaminationbeforebeingcertified,whichmeansthatnearlyallassessorsaredoingtrain-ingprovidedbyacademiaorcommercialeducationbodiesbeforeobtainingcertificationasanEPCassessorforthefirsttime.


Figure11:RequirementsforregularmandatoryEPCassessortrainingonassessmentandrecommendationsforcertificationandregistry

ThefollowingtableshowsinbrieftherequirementsforregularmandatoryEPCassessortrainingonassessmentandrecommendationsforcertificationandregistryinvariousmemberstates.

Amandatorytrainingonassessmentandrecommen-dationsisrequiredforinitialcertificationandregistra-

tionofEPCassessorsisrequired

PeriodictrainingismandatoryformaintainingEPCassessorcertification

Austria

No.Professionalsfromthelistedsectors,suchasbuild-er,electricalengineering,civilengineering,andarchi-tectureareeligiblytoissueEPCs.Mandatorytrainingisnotrequired(GovernmentofAustria,n.d.).

No.Seecolumn1.

Belgium

Yes.MandatorytrainingandexaminationarerequiredtoqualifyasanEPCassessor.Separatetrainingandexamsareconductedfordifferentbuildingtypologies,suchastypeAcertificationforresidentialbuildingsandtypeCcertificationforpublicbuildings(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-c).

Yes.Continuingtoreceiveannualtraininghasbeenmandatorysince2017inordertoretainrecognitionastypeAenergyexpert(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-d).

Bulgaria Yes.Aninitialandmandatorytrainingonassessmentandrecommendationsisrequiredforaccreditation. No.Notrequired.

Croatia Yes.Mandatorytraininginspecificmodulesisrequired.

Yes.Authorizednaturalpersonswhocarryoutenergycertification,energyauditsofbuildingsandregularinspectionsofheatingsystemsandcoolingorair-conditioningsystemsinbuildingsareobligedtoat-tendonceayearthetrainingprogramme(MinistryofConstructionandPhysicalPlanning,n.d.).

Cyprus

No.EPCassessorsarerequiredtopassaqualifyingexaminationunderthecategoriesforresidential,non-residentialbuildingsorboth.Trainingisnotmandatory(MinistryofEnergy,CommerceandIndustry,n.d.).

No.SeeColumn1.

CzechRe-public

No.Mandatorytrainingisnotrequired.Takinganex-aminationiscompulsory.

Yes.Continuingprofessionaleducationisrequired(EnergyManagementAct,2001).

Requirements for regular mandatory EPC assessor training on assessment and recommendations for certification and registry

Mandatory training on assessment and recommendations is required for obtaining certification and registration as EPC assesor for the first time and maintaining certification after validity period of certification

Mandatory training on assessment and recommendations is required for obtaining certification and registration as EPC assessor for the first time

Periodic training is mandatory for maintaining certification and registration as EPC assessor after validity period of certification

Mandatory training on assessment and recommendations is not required for obtaining certification and registration as EPC assesor for the first time and maintaining certification after validity period of certification






DenmarkNo.Mandatorytrainingisnotrequired.However,itismandatorytopassanexaminationdependingonthebuildingtypologytheywishtoissueEPCsfor.

Yes.Qualifiedenergyconsultantsmustattendman-datorycoursesandmeetingsinaccordancewiththeDanishEnergyAgency’sdecision(Orderonenergylabelingofbuildings,n.d.).

Estonia

Yes.TheOpenUniversity,ofTallinnUniversityofTech-nology,providesmandatorytrainingandtheexamina-tionisconductedbytheEstonianAssociationofHVACEngineers(MinistryofEconomicAffairsandCommuni-cations,n.d.-a).

Yes.Mandatoryamountofacademicpointshastobecollectedduringaperiodoftime(fiveyears).

Finland

No.Itappearsthatmandatorytrainingisnotrequired,however,FinnishAssociationofHVACEngineerspro-videstrainingfortakingthemandatoryexaminationforqualifyingasanEPCassessor.

No.However,asinitialaccreditationisvalidfor7years,periodictrainingisoneoftheoptionsforcon-tinuingasEPCassessorafterthecompletioninitial7years(MotivaOy,n.d.-a)..

France No.Takinganexaminationismandatory,butnottrain-ing.

Yes.EPCassessorsarerequiredtokeepabreastoftechnical,legislativeandregulatorydevelopmentsinthefieldconcernedandcompletestraininglastingatleastthreedays(fivedaysforcertificationwithmen-tion)duringthecertificationcycle,includingatleastoneday(twodaysforcertificationwithmention)inthelasteighteenmonthsofthecertificationcycle(DecreeofDecember13,2011amendingthedecreeofOctober16,2006asamendeddefiningthecriteriaforcertificationoftheskillsofnaturalpersonscarry-ingouttheenergyperformancediagnosisandthecriteriaforaccreditationofcertificationbodies,2018).

GermanyNo.Trainingisnotmandatoryforexpertscertifiedforprovingenergyperformanceofnewbuildingsorwhoareaswornpublicexpert.

No.Seecolumn1.

Greece

No.Althoughnotmandatory,trainingseminarsareorganizedbyvocationalcentersandacademicinstitu-tionsandattendedonavoluntarybasisbyinterestedauditors.

No.Seecolumn1.

Hungary Yes.EPCassessorsmustundergomandatorytrainingforaccreditation.

No.Furtherregulartrainingsareavailable,buttakingpartinthemisnotaconditiontoremainanassessor.Theycanbeattendedonavoluntarybasis.

IrelandYes.TrainingcourseismandatoryforDomesticBERAssessorsandrecommended(normandatory)forNon-DomesticBERAssessors.

No.BERassessorregistrationisvalidforoneyear.Renewalmaybesubjecttoadditionaleducationaloradministrativerequirements,butnotdefinitive(SEAI,n.d.-b).

Italy

Yes.Regionalandautonomousprovinceshavetheirownapproachtowardsmandatorytraining,butusuallymandatedespeciallyforpeoplewithrelevantprofes-sionalqualifications.

No.Notnecessary(Monetaetal.,2015).

LatviaYes.Itismandatorytoworkunder(train)for2yearsundertheguidanceofacertifiedEPCassessortobeabletotaketheexamforbecominganenergyauditor.

No.Periodictrainingisnotrequired.

LithuaniaYes.Undertakingtrainingcourseorganizedbydesig-natedorganizationsandpassingaqualifyingexamina-tionismandatory(SPSC,2020a).

Yes.EPCassessormustundertakeanadditional20hoursoftrainingandpassanexaminationevery5years(Meškauskienėetal.,2015).

Luxembourg

No.Architectsandconsultingengineerswhoseprofes-sionisregulatedbytheLawof13December1989ontheorganizationoftheprofessionsofarchitectsandconsultingengineersarenotrequiredtotakeamanda-torytraining.However,otherexpertsareapprovedbytheMinistryofEconomicAffairstoissueEPCsafter

No.Periodictrainingisnotrequired.





takingmandatorytraining(Guichet.lu,n.d.).

MaltaYes.UndertakingatrainingthatisapprovedbytheBuildingRegulationBoardismandatory(EnergyPer-formanceofBuildingsRegulations,2018).

No.Itisunclearfromthelegislationortheavailableinformationifsuchtrainingisnecessary.Thereap-pearstobenorequirementsformandatoryperiodictraining.

Netherlands

No.Onlyaqualifyingexaminationisrequired.Forcerti-ficationasanEPCassessorfornon-residentialbuildings,optionalvoluntarytrainingisavailableafterclearingthequalifyingexamination(RVO,n.d.-a,n.d.-b).

No.Seecolumn1.

PolandNo.Thereisnoneedtocompleteamandatorycourseandpassanexamination,accordingtotheActonEner-gyPerformanceofBuildings.

No.Seecolumn1.

PortugalYes.EPCassessorsshouldundertakemandatorytrain-ingcourses.Besidesmandatorycourses,therearealsocomplementarytrainingcourses.

No.Periodicverificationisnotmandatory(ADENE,n.d.-a).

Romania

Yes.Aninitialmandatorytraininginshort-termcoursesof80hours,ormasterclassesin1to2-yearpro-grammesonenergyefficiency,ortheenergyperfor-manceofbuildingsandanexaminationarerequired.

Yes.EPCaccreditationisawardedforaperiodof5years,whichmaybeextendeduponevidenceofcontinuoustraining(Teneaetal.,2015).

SlovakiaNo.Trainingisonlyoptional.Additionally,anexamina-tionatatestcommitteehastobedone.(Sternovaetal.,2015).

No.Seecolumn1.

Slovenia Yes.Aone-weektrainingwithawrittenandoralexamisneededforaccreditation(Šijanec&Potočar,2015). No.Periodictrainingisnotmandatory.

SpainNo.TheonlyrequisitetobecomeEPCassessoristohavetheacademicdegreeofengineer,architectortechnicalvocationaltraininginSpanishFP.

No.Seecolumn1.

Sweden

No.Itis,however,mandatorytopassanexaminationbeforebeingcertified,whichmeansthatnearlyallassessorsaredoingtrainingprovidedbyacademiaorcommercialeducationbodiesbeforedoingtheexami-nation.Furthermore,a2-yeartechnicaldegreefromuniversityand5yearsofpracticalexperiencewithinthebuildingsectorthereof2yearsshouldbewithintheenergyuseandindoorclimatearerequired.

No.However,theEPCassessorneedstoreportanyupdatingofskillsandsendinassessedEPCstothenationalcertificationbodyonceayear.

UK

Yes.Although,theexactinformationisunavailable,itappearsthatEPCassessorshavetoundertakelevel3and4assessment,dependingonthebuildingtypetheywishtoissueEPCsfor,whichtrainstheminusingap-provedsoftware,conductingon-sitevisitsandrecord-inginformationonsiteetc.

Yes.Assessorshavetoupdatetheirskillsandknowledgeregularly.

Table17:RequirementsforregularmandatoryEPCassessortrainingonassessmentandrecommendationsforcertificationandregistry

4.3 Eligibilityrequirements(pre-qualifications)forEPCassessorcertification

For providing effective recommendations for deep renovation qualified EPC experts should haverelevant educational background or professional qualification. Ideally, they should have undertak-en/implementedacourseofoneormoreofnewbuildingshell/heating/cooling/ventilationtech-nologies,RES, certificationsoftware,etc.asapartof theireducation.Except for fourcountries,allothercountrieshaveeligibilityrequirementsforEPCassessorcertification(seefigurebelow).


Inmostcourtiers,highereducation intechnicaldisciplines,suchasengineering,architectureorsci-encesare required,alongwithprofessionalexperience.However, it isalsopossible to takepart insupplementary training programmes (see section 4.2)when the candidates do not have sufficientcredentialsfromtheireducationorprofessionalqualification.ThefollowingtablebrieflyexplainstheeligibilityrequirementsforEPCassessorcertificationinvariousmemberstates.

AmongQualDeEPCmembers,onlySpaindoesnothaveanyeligibilityrequirementsforEPCassessorcertification.

Figure12:EligibilityrequirementsforEPCassessorcertification

Thefollowingtableshowsinbriefeligibilityrequirements(prequalifications)forEPCassessorcertifi-cationinvariousmemberstates.

EligibilityrequirementsforEPCassessorcertification

Austria Yes.Professionalsfromthelistedsectors,suchasbuilder,electricalengineering,civilengineering,andarchi-tectureareeligiblytoissueEPCs.(GovernmentofAustria,n.d.).

BelgiumNo.Noprerequisitesarerequired.BasicsecondaryeducationdiplomaorsimilarqualificationsaresufficientfortakingpartintrainingandexaminationfortypeAenergyexpert.ThereappearstobenoprerequisitesfortypeCexpertasnoinformationregardingithasbeenprovided(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-c).

Bulgaria

Yes.AccordingtotheEEAct,theenergyauditorsshouldhave:asecondarytechnicaleducation,highereduca-tionoranadvanceddegreeinthefieldofhighereducation"TechnicalSciences",completedorrecognizedintheRepublicofBulgaria,orasecondarytechnicaleducation,highereducationoranadvanceddegreeinequivalenthighereducationinanothermemberstatetheEuropeanUnion,orinanothercountrypartytotheAgreementontheEuropeanEconomicArea,ortheSwissConfederation;haveacquiredaninternshipinthespecialtyaftercompletionofeducation-notlessthan6yearsforpersonswithsecondarytechnicaleducation,notlessthanthreeyearsforpersonswithabachelor'sdegreeandnotlessthantwoyearsforthosewithamaster'sdegreeandascientificdegree.

Croatia Yes.Undergraduationorgraduationinprofessionaldisciplines,suchasarchitectureorengineeringisrequired(MinistryofConstructionandPhysicalPlanning,n.d.).

Cyprus Yes.Previousexperienceintheareaofbuildingorenergyorbuilding'stechnicalsystemsandmembershipof

Eligibility requirements (pre qualifications) for EPC assessor certification

Eligibility requirements for EPC assessor certification

No eligibility requirements for EPC assessor certification




registrationattheCyprusScientificandTechnicalChamberinthefieldofArchitectureorEngineeringfields,suchasmechanical,electrical,environmentalarerequiredtobeaQualifiedExpertforenergyperformancecertification(MinistryofEnergy,CommerceandIndustry,n.d.).

CzechRe-public

Yes.Higher,secondaryortertiaryprofessionaleducationinthecertainfieldsengineeringsuchaselectrical,powerengineering,orenergy,orconstructionareprerequisitesforqualifyingas"EnergySpecialist"beforetakingthemandatoryexamination(EnergyManagementAct,2001).

Denmark Yes.Relevanttechnicaleducationatminimumlevel4orhigherofminimum3yearsdurationisaprerequisitefortakingtheenergyconsultantexamination(Orderonenergylabelingofbuildings,n.d.).

Estonia Yes.MandatoryEPCassessortrainingisofferedforprofessionalswithaUniversitydegreeintechnology(TailinUniversityofTechnology,n.d.).

Finland Yes.TechnicalqualificationorequivalentprofessionalexperiencethatisrequiredforperformingbuildingperformancecalculationsandissuingEPCsisrequired(ActonBuildingEnergyCertification,2013).

France

Yes.Postsecondarydiplomainthefieldofbuildingtechnologyorequivalentprofessionalexperience(DecreeofDecember13,2011amendingthedecreeofOctober16,2006asamendeddefiningthecriteriaforcertifi-cationoftheskillsofnaturalpersonscarryingouttheenergyperformancediagnosisandthecriteriaforac-creditationofcertificationbodies,2018).

Germany Yes.UniversitydegreeinrelevanttechnicalfieldsorGermanprofessionaleducationentitlingtoownacom-panyintherelevantfieldsofbuildingworks,pluseitheramandatorytrainingorotherrelevantqualification.

GreeceYes.Universitydegreeinengineeringorarchitectureisrequiredordiplomaofengineeringoftechnologicalinstitutes.Assessorsareclassifiedindifferentcategories,dependingontheirqualificationsandprovenexpe-rienceinenergyaudits.

Hungary Yes.Onlyprofessionalswithrelevantexpertbackground,aslistedbyprofessionintheregulation,canqualifyasEPCassessors.

IrelandYes.DomesticAssessorsrequireaNFQLevel6AdvancedCertificate/HigherCertificateinconstructionstudies(orsimilar)orarecognizedequivalent.Inaddition,membershipofoneofthespecifiedprofessionalbodiesatthespecifiedgradeisapre-qualification(SEAI,n.d.-b).

Italy Yes.Professionaleducationandregistrationinthefields,suchasengineeringandarchitecturearerequired(Monetaetal.,2015).

Latvia

Yes.Firstorsecondlevelhigherprofessionaloracademiceducationintherelevanteducationprogramthatprovidesknowledgeinthefollowingsubjects-thermalengineeringofbuildingenvelopes,buildingengineer-ingsystems(heating,cooling,ventilation,airconditioning,watersupply,lighting),buildingclimatologyandindoorclimateevaluationandcalculationmethodsarerequired.

Lithuania Yes.EPCassessorsshouldhaveanengineeringdiploma,3yearsofexperienceinconstruction,andpracticalexperienceofcertificationofatleast3buildings(Meškauskienėetal.,2015).

Luxembourg Yes.Atleast3yearsuniversityeducationinarchitectureorengineering,orequivalentfieldisrequired(Reding&Flies,2014).

Malta Yes.Onlyprofessionalsfromthedisciplinesarchitecture,civil/structuralengineering,mechanicalorelectricalengineeringareallowedtobecomeEPCassessors(EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,2018).

Netherlands No.OnlymandatorycertificationofBRL9500-01,-02,-03,-04,-06arerequiredforresidentialandnon-residentialbuildings(RVO,n.d.-a,n.d.-b)..

Poland

Yes.AccordingtotheActonEnergyPerformanceofBuildings,onlyaqualifiedexpertmayissueanEPC.Apersonwhoisqualifiedexperthascompleted:higherstudiescompletedbyobtainingthetitleofprofessionalengineer,architectengineer,landscapearchitectengineer,fireengineer,masterarchitectengineer,masterengineerlandscapearchitect,masterfireengineerormasterengineer;orhigherstudiesotherthanthosementionedaboveandpostgraduatestudies,theprogramofwhichtakesintoaccountissuesrelatedtotheenergyperformanceofbuildings,performingenergyauditsofbuildings,energy-savingconstructionandre-newableenergysources;orhasbuildingqualifications.

Portugal Yes.Professionalsfromthefieldsofarchitectureorengineering,withspecificqualificationsandminimumexperienceof5yearsarerequired(ADENE,n.d.-b,n.d.-c).

Romania

Yes.Inordertobecertified,thecandidatesshouldbeengineers(graduatesincivilorpowerengineering);orarchitects,withatleastthreeyearsofprofessionalexperienceforthecertificationofapartmentsandapart-mentbuildings,andatleastfiveyearsofprofessionalexperienceforthecertificationandenergyauditsofalltypesofbuildings(Teneaetal.,2015).

SlovakiaYes.Itisnecessarytohaveaprofessionalcompetenceregardingenergyconsumptioninbuildings(Implement-ingActno.555/2005Coll.ontheenergyperformanceofbuildingsandonamendmentstocertainacts,asamended,2012).



SloveniaYes.ForaccreditationasEPCassessoritisnecessarytohave3-yearuniversitywithtechnicalstudiesinmajorplus2yearsofexperiencewithenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinbuildings.Additionally,aone-weektrainingwithawrittenandoralexamisneeded(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

Spain No.

Sweden

Yes.DetailedknowledgerequirementsarelistedinregulationCEX.Alsoneeded:relevanttechnicaleducation(2yearsatuniversitywithinenergyuseinbuildings,buildingservicesorbuildingphysics)anddocumentedexperienceofpracticalwork(atleast5yearswithinthebuildingsector,ofwhich2yearsshouldberelatedtoenergyuseandindoorclimateinthecorrespondingcategoryofbuildings).Comment:Thelatermaycauseaproblemsincewenowhaveagenerationshiftinthefield,withmanyofthecertifiedenergyexpertsretiring.

UK Yes.Theamountofmandatorytrainingonassessmentandcertificationdependsonthepreviousexperienceinthefieldofconstructionandenergy(GOV.UK,n.d.-c,n.d.-b).

Table18:EligibilityrequirementsforEPCassessorcertification

4.4 UpdatingEPCassessoraccreditation

Insomememberstates,EPCassessorsshouldundergoaperiodicverification,bymeansofanexami-nation,forbeingaccreditedandincludedintheregistry(seefigurebelow).ThisistoensurethatEPCassessorskeepabreastoflatesttechnologies,andupdatesofrelevantlegislationandregulation;andbuilding upon on the training. Although in most countries only continuing education and furthertrainingisrequiredasameansforbeingcertifiedandregistered,fewcountriesalsorequireanexam-ination.

AmongQualDeEPCpartnercountries,aperiodicverification,bymeansofanexaminationismanda-toryonlyinSweden.

Figure13:UpdatingEPCassessoraccreditation

Updating EPC assessor accreditation

Periodic verification, by means of an examination is mandatory

Periodic verification, by means of an examination is not required




ThefollowingtablebrieflyexplainstherequirementsforupdatingEPCassessoraccreditationinvari-ousmemberstates.

Periodicverificationbymeansofanexaminationismandatory

Austria No.Professionalsfromthelistedsectors,suchasbuilder,electricalengineering,civilengineering,andarchi-tectureareeligibletoissueEPCs.Separateverificationisnotrequired(GovernmentofAustria,n.d.).

Belgium No.TypeAexpertsshouldtakepartcompulsoryannualtrainingforstipulatednumberofhoursandcontexttoretaincertification(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-c).

Bulgaria No.

Croatia No.(MinistryofConstructionandPhysicalPlanning,n.d.).

Cyprus No.Itdoesnotappeartobethecasefromtheavailableinformation(MinistryofConstructionandPhysicalPlanning,n.d.).

CzechRe-public

Yes.ContinuouseducationisprovidedbytheStateEnergyInspectoratetodeepenandupdatesexpertiseinthefieldofenergymanagementandusetoensuretheoperationofbuildings,energysavings,energyperfor-manceofbuildingsandenergymanagement,etc.Creditsareawardedforsucheducationprogrammes(Ener-gyManagementAct,2001).Assessorshavetoundergofurthereducationandpassanexamination(Svobodaetal.,2015).

Denmark Yes.Allenergyconsultantsmustpassarefreshercoursenolaterthanevery3years(Orderonenergylabelingofbuildings,n.d.).

Estonia No.Notingfromtheavailableliteratureortherelevantregulationmentionsso.

FinlandNo.Thecertificateisvalidforsevenyears.TorenewthequalificationafterthattheEPCassessorshouldmain-taintheirprofessionalskillsbyissuingcertificates,undertakingtrainingetc.(ActonBuildingEnergyCertifica-tion,2013).

France

Yes.Thecertificateisreneweduponsatisfactoryclearanceofadocumentaryexamandapracticalexam(De-creeofDecember13,2011amendingthedecreeofOctober16,2006asamendeddefiningthecriteriaforcertificationoftheskillsofnaturalpersonscarryingouttheenergyperformancediagnosisandthecriteriaforaccreditationofcertificationbodies,2018).

Germany No.Proofofexpertisethroughreferencesinthefieldofenergy-efficientconstructionandrenovationorpar-ticipationinfurthereducation,similartotheevidencesupportingtherenewaloftheentryintheEEElist.

Greece No.EPCassessorsarecertifiedonlyonce.

Hungary No.Notrequired.

Ireland

No.Renewalofregistrationsissubjecttopaymentoffees,in-dateinsurancepolicies,andmaybesubjecttoadditionaleducationaloradministrativerequirements(SEAI,n.d.).However,aBER/DEC-Assessorisre-quired/expectedfromtimetotimetoupdate,athis/herowncost,theirskillsand/orresourcestomeetthestandardsrequiredonanon-goingbasisbySEAI;thismaybesubjecttoverificationbySEAIoritsappointedagentsorcontractorsinordertoapproverenewalofregistrations(SEAI,2018).

Italy Yes.Althoughvariesregionally.

Latvia No.EPCassessorsarecertifiedonlyonceandthencanissueEPCsfortherestoftheirlife.

Lithuania Yes.EPCassessormustundertakeanadditional20hoursoftrainingandpassanexaminationevery5years(Meškauskienėetal.,2015).

Luxembourg No.Notrequired.

Malta No.Itisunclearfromthelegislationortheavailableinformationifsuchtrainingisnecessary.Thereappearstobenosuchperiodictrainingprogramme.

Netherlands Informationnotfound(vanEck,2015)

Poland No.Thereappearstobenosuchrequirements(Kasperkiewiczetal.,2015).

Portugal No.Thereappearstobenosuchrequirements(Fragoso&Mateus,2015).

Romania No.Thereappearstobenosuchrequirements(Teneaetal.,2015).

Slovakia No.Thereappearstobenosuchrequirements(Sternovaetal.,2015).

Slovenia No.ThelicenseforEPCassessorsisvalidforunlimitedtime(DecreeonthepromulgationoftheEnergyAct(EC-1),2017).

Spain No.

Sweden Yes.Thecertificateisvalidfor5years.Afterthatitneedstoberenewedwithanewtheoreticaltest.Thetest


Periodicverificationbymeansofanexaminationismandatory

forrecertificationisalesscomprehensivethanthefirstcertificationtest.Also,theEPCassessorneedstoreportnumberofperformedassignmentsandanyupdatingofskillsandsendinassessedEPCstothenationalcertificationbodyonceayear.

UK No.Therearenosuchrequirements(GOV.UK,n.d.-c,n.d.-b).

Table19:UpdatingEPCassessoraccreditation

4.5 Regular events andworkshops on innovative solutions for deep renova-tion

Organisationby thenationalEPCbodyorothers, suchasprofessional chambers,of regulareventsandworkshopsforpresenting innovativesolutionsfordeeprenovationand implementingmore in-telligentandadvancedenergymeasures.

IncountrieswherecontinuingprofessionaleducationthroughmandatorytrainingforbeingcertifiedasanEPCassessor,suchasBelgium,France,Irelandtheintentbehindthecoursesistoprovidead-vancement in technologies including deep renovation technologies, besides updating about thechangesinregulationsandEPCassessmentroutines.InPoland,since2000theAssociationofEnergyAuditors organize the conference "Forum Termomodernizacja" where various topics related withenergyefficiency,renovation,technologiesarepresented(AssociationofEnergyAuditors,n.d.).Fewcountries have explicitly mentioned that these trainings focus on renovation recommendations,however,thecontentofthesetrainingandtheirlinktodeeprenovation,includinginnovationssolu-tionscannotbeeasilyaccessible.Inaddition,inmostcountriessuchworkshopsondeeprenovationareorganizedasapartofvariouspubliclyfundeddeeprenovationprojects,howevertheyarespo-radic.Oneexampleofaregularprogramfordeeprenovation is ‘BedreBolig’schemebytheDanishEnergyAgency.‘BedreBolig’isatrainingcoursethathasbeensetupwiththeaimoftrainingadviserstooffercomprehensive,professionaladviceonenergyrenovationofhomes(CentreforEnergyEffi-ciency,2017).

AmongQualDeEPCpartnercountries,opportunitiesforsuchrenovationworkshopsareavailableonlyinLatvia.


5 INDEPENDENTCONTROLSYSTEMSFOREPCSINEUMEMBERSTATES

Article18oftheEPBDrequiresmemberstatestoinstallindependentcontrolsystemsforenergyper-formancecertificatestomonitortheirqualityandcompliancewithlegalrequirements.AsperAnnexIIoftheEPBD,“thecompetentauthoritiesorbodiestowhichthecompetentauthoritieshavedele-gatedtheresponsibilityfor implementingtheindependentcontrolsystemshallmakearandomse-lectionof all theenergyperformance certificates issuedannually and subject them to verification.Thesampleshallbeofasufficientsizetoensurestatisticallysignificantcomplianceresults.Theveri-ficationshallbebasedontheoptionsindicatedbeloworonequivalentmeasures:

a| Validitycheckoftheinputdataofthebuildingusedtoissuetheenergyperformancecertifi-cateandtheresultsstatedinthecertificate;

b| Checkoftheinputdataandverificationoftheresultsoftheenergyperformancecertificate,includingtherecommendationsmade;

c| Fullcheckoftheinputdataofthebuildingusedtoissuetheenergyperformancecertificate,fullverificationoftheresultsstatedinthecertificate,includingtherecommendationsmade,andon-sitevisitofthebuilding,ifpossible,tocheckcorrespondencebetweenspecificationsgivenintheenergyperformancecertificateandthebuildingcertified.”

However,thesamplesizeofEPCsforcontrol,thelevelandcontentoftheinputdataappearstodif-ferbetweenmemberstates.Thissectionanalysesdifferentaspectsofindependentcontrolinvariousmemberstates.

5.1 Usingcommonqualitycriteriaforindependentcontrol

IndependentcontrolofthequalityofEPCsandEPCassessorsisbasedonqualitycriteria.Theconver-genceofthesecriteriabetweenEUMSenhancesqualityofEPCsacrossmemberSates.Mostmemberstates have established a nodal authority with well-defined responsibilities for quality control ofEPCs. The independent control authorities areoften theMinistries concernedwith EPCs, technicalinspectorates,andenergyagenciesandinafewcases,accreditedthirdparties.

WhentheEPCregister/softwareconsistsofautomaticvalidationoftheinputdata,inputparametersofalmostallEPCsarescreenedforqualitycheck.Intheabsenceofautomaticvalidation,deskcheckofinputparametersisconducted.WhilemostcountriescheckinputdataofbuildingparametersandEPCassessorcredentials,the levelandcontentvariesamongvariousmemberstates.Thefollowingtableincludesinformationonthenodalauthorityandqualitycontrolprocedureinvariousmemberstates.

Usingcommonqualitycriteriaforindependentcontrol

AustriaControlisorganisedatthelevelofprovinces.Forexample,intheZEUS-regionsBurgenland,Kärnten,SalzburgundSteiermarktheEPCswillbecontrolledbyindependentinspectionbodieslikeEnergyAgencies.Therou-tinesforcontrolintheregionsaredifferent(ZEUS,n.d.).

Belgium IntheFlemishregion,theFlemishEnergyAgencyexecutesqualitycheckofEPCs(DeMeulenaer&Triest,2018).IntheBrusselscapitalregion,aprivatebodyhasbeenhiredforthepurpose.

Bulgaria

TheNationalEPCBody–SustainableEnergyDevelopmentAgencyistheresponsibleauthorityforqualityassuranceofEPCs.Thequalitycontrolincludesconductingaverificationofcompliancewiththeregulatoryrequirements(completenessofdocuments,formandmodel)ofthesubmitteddocumentationfromtheener-gyefficiencyauditandbuildingcertification;sendingnotificationletterstocorrectidentifieddeficiencies;



performinginputcontrolfortheaccuracyofthedataandtheresultsofdocumentationfromenergyefficiencyauditsofindustrialsystemsandenergyefficiencyauditsandcertificationofbuildings;sendingnotificationlettersincaseofidentificationofgapsinthereceiveddocumentationfortheeliminationofthegapsandcorrectionofthedata.

Croatia

TheMinisterofConstructionandPhysicalPlanningistheresponsibleauthorityforqualityassuranceofEPCs.Detailedcontrolincludeschecksofthecontentofthereportontheenergyauditofthebuilding,thevalidityandcompletenessoftheinputdata,theaccuracyoftheEPCandthecalculatedandproposedmeasurestoimprovetheenergyperformanceofthebuilding(Škoro,2018).

CyprusTheMinistryofEnergy,CommerceandIndustryistheresponsibleauthorityforqualityassuranceonEPCs.Approximatelytenspecificinputparametersarechecked;amongU-values,efficienciesofheatingandcoolingsystems,andwindowsizearespecificallychecked(Hadjinicolaou,2016).

CzechRe-public

TheStateEnergyInspectorateistheresponsibleauthorityforqualityassuranceofEPCs.VerificationincludeswhethertheEPCswereprocessedobjectively,truthfullyandcompletely,aspertherequirementsoftheEner-gyManagementAct(Svoboda,2016).

Denmark TheDanishEnergyAgencyistheimplementingauthorityonqualityassuranceforEPCs(Thomsenetal.,2015).

Estonia

TheEstonianTechnicalRegulatoryAuthorityistheresponsibleauthorityforqualityassuranceonEPCs.Checksincludetheproceduralformalities,suchasuseofcorrectforms,inputdataetc.Fornewbuildings,thefulfil-mentofminimumenergyperformancerequirementsarecheckedthroughtheEPCbeforethepermitisissued(Kuusketal.,2016).

FinlandTheHousingFinanceandDevelopmentCenteristheresponsibleauthorityforqualityassuranceonEPCs.Anumberofenergycertificatesissuedeachyearareaudited,withafocusonthecorrectnessofthecertificate'ssourcedata,energyquantities,andrecommendationsforsavings(ActonBuildingEnergyCertification,2013).

FranceInFrance,thefocusofcontrolliesonEPCassessors.NewEPCassessorsarechecked4timesduringthefirstyear,and4moretimesinthefollowing4years.In2013thisledtoacheckofabout11,600EPCs(Rogeretal.,2015).

GermanyTheDeutschesInstitutfürBautechnik(DIBt)carriesoutrandomelectronic1stlevelcontrols.2ndand3rdlevel(moredetailed)controlsareunderthesovereigntyoftheFederalStates.Theseprobablyhavedifferentquali-tycriteria.

Greece

AutomaticvaliditycheckisperformedforallEPCsuploadedonthewebplatformandoperatedbyCRES,On-deskchecksofdataentryarealsoperformedforarandomlyselectedsample,bythecompetentMinistry’sassignedstaff.Checkson-siteareperformedbytheMinistry’sassignedstaffwheneverrequired(e.g.depend-ingontheresultsofon-deskchecksorincaseofcomplaints).On-deskchecksofallEPCsissuedforthepur-posesofnationalsubsidyprogrammesareperformed.

HungaryThereisnoparticularbodydesignatedtoqualitycontrol.Theexpertsofthetwochamberscanperformcon-trollingactivities,buttheyareseparatelyassignedandsubcontractedforthispurpose,theyarenotemploy-eesoftheChambers.

Ireland

SEAImonitorsthetechnicalperformanceandprofessionalconductofBER/DECassessorsandBER/CEDas-sessmentsviaaudits.Checksincludecomprehensiveinputdata,suchasbuildingdrawingsanddocumenta-tion,datafromsitevisitandsurveyforms,andoutputdata,suchasprovisionalandfinalBER/DECsandadvi-soryreport(renovationrecommendations).Furthermore,theauditprocessistailoredtominimize(common)errorsinfuturebyprovidingasystematicanddirectfeedbacktoBER/DECassessors(SEAI,2016).

Italy

TheresponsibilityforqualityassuranceoftheEPCslieswiththeregions.Thenationallegislationrequires2%ofallEPCstobeannuallycheckedstartingfrombestclassEPC.ChecksareasperEPBDoptionc),point1ofAnnexII“fullverificationoftheresultsstatedinthecertificate,includingtherecommendationsmade,andon-sitevisitofthebuilding(Costanzoetal.,2018).

Latvia Thereisaprovisionforindependentcontrol.

Lithuania

AllEPCsinthedatabasearecheckedautomaticallyandtheoutliersareselectedfordeskaudit,primarilyforincorrectand/orincompletedata,softwareversion,certificatevalidationandthecompletionofanyaddition-altrainingneededbyqualifiedexperts.Adetailedauditisalsoperformedfollowingclientcomplaints(Encius&Baranauskas,2018).

Luxembourg

AnannualseriesofcontrolsofissuedEPCsiscarriedoutbytheMinistryoftheEconomyorganisestoverifytheircompliancewiththelegalrequirements.ThefirstlevelconsistsinanautomaticplausibilitycheckofthecalculatedvaluesbytheEPCsoftware,andthesecondlevelincludesdeeperanalysisoftheEPCcontainingnonplausibleelements(Redingetal.,2015).

MaltaTheMaltaCompetitionandConsumerAffairsAuthority(MCCAA)istheresponsibleauthorityforqualityas-suranceonEPCs.TheverificationsystemdevisedbytheBROandMCCAAconsistsofanumberofchecksonastatisticallysignificantsampleofcertificatesincludingtheinputdata,results,anrecommendations(Degiorgio



&Barbara,2018).

Netherlands

SinceJanuary2015,theDutchEnvironmentandTransportInspectorate(IL&T)isresponsibleforthequalityassuranceofEPCs.Forthepurposeofqualityassurance,theIL&ThasaccesstotheRVOdatabasethatcom-prisestheupdatedentries,evidenceandexpertassessments.Inaddition,theRVOalsocheckswhetherener-gyassessorscomplywiththeproceduralrequirements,suchaspricingpolicyandindemnity(vanEck,2015).

Poland

AnindependentbodyexistsandthefollowingfactorsarecheckedduringEPCcontrol:calculationresults,efficiencyoftechnicalbuildingsystemsandU-valuescomparedwithrequirementsconcerningthermalinsula-tionofthebuildingenvelopecomponents,energydemandindicators,energyconsumptionandcategoriesofcost-effectiverecommendations,correctnessofdescription,etc.(Bekierskietal.,2018).

Portugal

Therearethreestepsofchecking:automaticinputvalidation,simplequalitychecks,anddetailedqualitychecks.Qualitycheckincludesafulldatareviewofcalculationsandabuildingaudittocheckthecompliancewiththerequirementsandmethodologies,basedonsupportingdocumentationpreparedandusedbytheexpert(e.g.,projects,drawings,reports,photos,etc.)andidentificationofeventualdifferencesandmistakesthatoccurredandpossiblyasitevisit(Fragoso&Mateus,2015).

Romania

TheStateConstructionInspectorateisresponsibleforthequalityassuranceofEPCs.Checksincludeenergyauditorcertificationrequirements(specifichighereducation,areaofexpertise),signaturesandstampsontheEPCsandenergyauditreportsforbuilding,ifrequired;thecompletenessandaccuracyofinformationpre-sentedintheEPCsandenergyauditreports.(Teneaetal.,2015).

Slovakia Since2014,theStateEnergyInspection,aspartoftheSlovakTradeInspection,isresponsibleforthequalityassuranceofEPCs(Sternovaetal.,2015).

Slovenia TheMinistryofInfrastructureistheresponsibleauthorityforqualityassuranceofEPCs.Checksincludethevalidityoftheinputdata,resultsandrecommendations(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

Spain ThequalitycontrolismanagedbyRegionalGovernments.Twostepsofcontrol:automaticinputvalidationandqualitychecks.

Sweden Boverket,theNationalBoardofHousing,BuildingandPlanning,makesyearlycheckof1%ofEPCs.Further-more,individualscangivecomplaintstoBoverketortothecertificationbodies.

UK

SchemeOperatingRequirements(SORs),whichensuresacommonsetofminimumqualitystandardsforallaccreditationschemes,coverthequalityassuranceforEPCs.Thsincludesseveralproceduralaspectspertain-ingtotheassessors,suchastheirstatusofcertification,qualification,indemnityetc.aswellaschecksspecifictoEPCassessmentandrenovationrecommendations.Inaddition,theGovernmentalsocarriesoutqualityassuranceaudits(Delorme&Cousens,2015).

Table20:Usingcommonqualitycriteriaforindependentcontrol

5.2 Achievingsufficientsamplesizeforindependentqualitycontrol

AchievingasufficientsamplenumberofbuildingsandtheirEPCsandtheirassessorsforperformingverificationandquality controlofEPCs is requiredasperAnnex IIof theEPBD (alsocf.DGEnergyguidanceon sample sizes).However, the sample size significantly varies between variousmemberstatesandalsobetweenregions inacountry.Thefollowingtablebrieflyshowsthe informationonhowthequalitycontrolisimplementedinEUmemberstates.

Sufficientsamplesizeforverificationandqualitycontrol

Austria In2013,11,039EPCswerechecked(Altmann-Mavaddatetal.,2018).

Belgium InBrusselsCapitalRegion156EPCswerecheckedin2013,236in2014(Govaertetal.,2016).IntheWalloonRegionabout50%ofEPCshavebeenselectedbythewebapplicationforcontrolin2014(Fourezetal.,2015).

BulgariaTheControlandMonitoringDepartmentofSEDApublishesyearlyreportsofthecontrolactivities.Accordingtothepublishedreportsfor2018itisperformedcheckof65%(or1061documents)ofthereceivedenergyaudits.11visitstocontrolatplaceforimplementationoftheenergyrecommendationshavebeenperformed.

CroatiaSofar,324outofabout150,000EPCsintotalwerecheckedindetail,50ofwhichweredeclaredinvalid.ThefutureplansistostrengthentheexistingqualityassessmentschemeandincreasethenumberofEPCstobecontrolled,whichcurrentlystandsat0.3%ofissuedEPCs(Škoro,2018).

Cyprus Intheperiod2010to2013,10%ofEPCshavebeencheckedbydeskaudit,21%ofEPCsbyon-sitecheck(Hadjinicolaou,2015).


Sufficientsamplesizeforverificationandqualitycontrol

CzechRe-public

In2016,theStateEnergyInspectoratecontrolled20%ofenergyspecialists.Thesecontrolscovered1,305EPCstoverifywhethertheywereprocessedobjectively,truthfullyandcompletely,asperrequirementsoftheEnergyManagementAct(Svoboda,2016).

Denmark AnelectronicanalysisiscarriedoutforallEPCs.Atechnicalrevisionmustbecarriedoutfor0.25%ofallEPCs(Thomsenetal.,2015).

Estonia Thesizeofthesamplerisesfromyeartoyear(Kuusketal.,2016).

Finland In2013,120EPCs(about2%)havebeenchecked(Haakanaetal.,2015).

FranceInFrance,thefocusofcontrolliesonEPCassessors.NewEPCassessorsarechecked4timesduringthefirstyear,and4moretimesinthefollowing4years.In2013thisledtoacheckofabout11,600EPCs(Rogeretal.,2015).

Germany TheEnEVrequiresthattherandomsamplesmusteachcoverastatisticallysignificantpercentageofallnewlyissuedenergycertificatesinacalendaryear.

GreeceOnEPCregistrationplatform,allEPCsarecheckedautomatically.Inaddition,lawrequireson-deskcheckofarandomlyselectedsampleof5%.AllEPCsissuedforobtainingrenovationgrantsorfinancearecheckedtoo.Uptotheendof2018,approx.a2.5%ofallEPCsissuedhasbeenfurthercheckedon-deskoron-site.

Hungary 2.5%ofEPCsarechecked,ofwhich0.5%(i.e.20%ofthetotalsamplesize)shouldhavetotalinspectionwithon-sitevisit.

IrelandEveryBERassessorcanexpecttoreceiveatleastonedatareviewperyear,atleastonedeskreviewordocu-mentationandpracticeauditperyear,andadditionalauditingonafrequencyreflectingthenumbersofBERpublished,riskprofiling,complaintsorotherindicators(SEAI,2016).

Italy Thenationallegislationrequires2%ofallEPCstobeannuallycheckedstartingfrombestclassEPC(Costanzoetal.,2018).

LatviaInformationnotfoundregardingEPCs.EachEPCassessorhastobecontrolledbytheEPCassessorcertifyingorganizationatleastonceina5-yearperiod.ActualassessmentofEPCshasstartedinLatviafromendof2019.

Lithuania AllEPCsareautomaticallycheckedbysoftware.About0.5%ofallissuedEPCsarecontrolledviaadetailedaudit(Meškauskienėetal.,2015).

Luxembourg In2013,43EPCshavebeenchecked(Redingetal.,2015).

Malta

Yes.ToensureahighqualityofEPCsandtoachievealevelofindependenceintheauditingprocess,theInde-pendentControlSystemhasbeenentrustedtotheMaltaCompetitionandConsumerAffairsAuthority(MCCAA).TheverificationsystemdevisedbytheBROandMCCAAconsistsofanumberofchecksonastatisti-callysignificantsampleofcertificates(Degiorgio&Barbara,2018).

Netherlands In2014,1,429EPCswerecheckedby4certificationinstitutes(vanEck,2015).

Poland EPCsarequalitycontrolledexofficioorbyrequest.Sofar,lessthan10EPCshavebeencontrolleduponarequest.ThenumberofEPCscontrolledexofficiointheperiod2015-2016is180(Bekierskietal.,2018).

Portugal About5to6%ofEPCsreceiveasimplequalitycheck,about0.5%ofEPCsareverifiedbyadetailedqualitycheck(Altmann-Mavaddatetal.,2015).

Romania 10%ofissuedEPChavetobecheckedforcomplianceeachyear(Teneaetal.,2018).

Slovakia In2013,103EPCs(0.035%)havebeenchecked(Sternovaetal.,2015).

Slovenia AstatisticallysignificantproportionofannualissuedEPCs,seton31Marcheachyear,willbechecked(DecreeonthepromulgationoftheEnergyAct(EC-1),2017).

Spain

Thesituationisthat100%ofEPCsareautomaticcontrolled,thankstocomputermechanism.Additionally,adocumentcontroliscarriedoutonnearly50%oftheEPCs,thenumberofdocumentcontrolwas1.392.880in2017.Alsospecificinspectionthatreach0.5%ofEPCsandadeepinspectionwithvisittothebuildingwith0.05oftheEPCsin2017.Theverificationofcompetenttechniciansasof2017covered27029assessors.

Sweden Boverket,theNationalBoardofHousing,BuildingandPlanning,makesyearlycheckof1%ofEPCs.

UK RegardingpublicbuildingsinEngland,therandomsizeshouldbeatleast2%(Delorme&Cousens,2016).

Table21:Sufficientsamplesizeforverificationandqualitycontrol


5.3 QualitycontrolofbothEPCsandassessors

Inmostcountriescontrol isbasedonthesampleofEPCs, i.e.,statisticallysignificantpercentageofEPCsisverified.However,fewcountriessuchasFranceandCzechRepublic,controlisbasedonEPCassessors,i.e.,statisticallysignificantpercentageofEPCassessors/allEPCassessorsareverified,peri-odically.Eitherway,practically, in themajorityof thememberstates,bothEPCsandassessorsarecontrolled(seefigurebelow).QualitychecksonEPCsincludeaccuracyoftheinputdataandresults,calculation methodology used. Quality checks on assessors include their accreditation, history oferrors, and quality of recommendations. However, the basis of quality checks might vary acrossmemberstates.

Figure14:QualitycontrolofbothEPCsandassessors

ThefollowingtablebrieflyexplainstheproceduresfollowedforqualitycontrolofEPCsandassessorsinvariousmemberstates.

QualitycontrolofEPCs Qualitycontrolofassessors

Austria

Yes.Forexample,intheZEUS-regionsBurgenland,Kärnten,Salz-burgundSteiermarktheEPCswillbecontrolledbyindependentinspectionbodieslikeEnergyAgencies.Theroutinesforcontrolintheregionsaredifferent(ZEUS,n.d.).

No.TherearenospecificcheckstargetedatEPCassessors.

Belgium Yes.Flanders:TheEnergyAgencyrandomlychecksthecorrectnessofEPCs.

Yes.Flanders:TheEnergyAgencyrandom-lychecksthequalificationsandservicesprovidedbyEPCassessors(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-a).

Bulgaria Yes. Yes.

Croatia Yes.Detailedcontrolincludeschecksofthecontentofthereportontheenergyauditofthebuilding,thevalidityandcompleteness

Yes.AssessorsareobligatedtorectifythemistakesfoundinEPCsduringquality

Quality control of EPCs and assessors

Quality control of both EPCs and assessors

Quality control of EPCs




oftheinputdata,theaccuracyoftheEPCandthecalculatedandproposedmeasurestoimprovetheenergyperformanceofthebuilding(Škoro,2018).

check.IfanumberofEPCsfromaparticu-larassessorarefoundtobeincorrect,theiraccreditationmayberevoked(Marđetko-Škoro,2015).

Cyprus Yes.DeskauditfromthedataretrievedfromtheEPCdatabaseandon-sitevisitsareperformed.

Yes.EPCassessorsareauditedattheirpremises(Hadjinicolaou,2015).

CzechRe-public

Yes.In2016,theStateEnergyInspectioncontrolled20%ofenergyspecialists.Thesecontrolscovered1,305EPCstoverifywhethertheywereprocessedobjectively,truthfullyandcompletely,astheEnergyManagementActrequires(Svoboda,2016).

Yes.SeeColumn1.

DenmarkYes.TheDanishEnergyAgencycarriesoutqualityassurancesofEPCsonaregularbasisandinthecaseofacomplaint(Thomsenetal.,2015).

Yes.Certifiedcompaniesincurstagedsanctions(threelevels)fromnotificationforrectificationoferrors,warning,andsuspensionofcertificationdependingonthenatureandfrequencyoferrors(Thom-senetal.,2015).

Estonia Yes.In20130.6%ofEPCshavebeenqualitychecked(Arcipowskaetal.,2014). No.

Finland

Yes.Itisregulatedbylaw,thattheHousingFinanceandDevelop-mentCentershallauditanumberofenergycertificatesissuedeachyear,withafocusonthecorrectnessofthecertificate'ssourcedata,energyquantities,andrecommendationsforsavings.

Yes.Criminalliabilityprovisionsshallapplytoacertifyingstaffmemberintheperfor-manceofhisorherduties(ActonBuildingEnergyCertification,2013).

FranceYes.ThecertificationbodyhastocheckatleastoneEPCwithanon-siteinspectionforeachcertificationcycle(5years)ofallex-perts(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Yes.EPCassessorsarechecked4timesduringthefirstyear,and4moretimesinthefollowing4years.Thereafter,expertsarechecked4timesevery5years(Rogeretal.,2015).

Germany Yes.TheinspectionbodyhastorandomlycheckEPCs. No.

Greece Yes.On-deskcontrolofthedataretrievedfromtheEPCdatabaseandon-sitevisitsareperformed

Yes.Penaltiesforassessorsarealsosetandvarydependingonthetypeofmis-takesornegligence

Hungary Yes. No.

Ireland Yes.QualitycontrolofEPCassessmentsiscarriedout.

Yes.SEAIhasputinplaceaqualityassur-ancesystemforBERassessors,andare-lateddisciplinaryprocedurepursuanttoitspowers(SEAI,2016).

Italy Yes.Thenationallegislationrequires2%ofallEPCstobeannuallycheckedstartingfrombestclassEPC.

Yes.Thetoleranceoferrorsandpenaltydependsonthetypeandrepetitionrate(Costanzoetal.,2018).

Latvia Yes. Yes.

Lithuania

Yes.ArandomsamplingofEPCsischeckedregardinginputdataandresults.Detailedchecksarecarriedoutwhenresultsareoutofrange.On-sitevisitsarecarriedoutforalimitednumberofEPCs.

Yes.Possiblesanctionsincludewarning,suspensionandcancellationofthecertifi-cation(Meškauskienėetal.,2015)..

Luxembourg Yes.TheMinistryofEconomycontrolsEPCsinordertoverifytheircompliancewithlegalregulations.

Yes.Penaltiesintheformofatime-limitedsuspensioncanbeimposed(Redingetal.,2018).

Malta

Yes.ToensureahighqualityofEPCsandtoachievealevelofindependenceintheauditingprocess,theIndependentControlSystemhasbeenentrustedtotheMaltaCompetitionandCon-sumerAffairsAuthority(MCCAA).TheverificationsystemdevisedbytheBROandMCCAAconsistsofanumberofchecksonastatis-ticallysignificantsampleofcertificates(Degiorgio&Barbara,2018).

No.Article22oftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,2018appearstosuggestthatonlyEPCsareregulatedandEPCassessorsareonlyobligedtorectifyfaultyEPCs(EnergyPerformanceofBuild-ingsRegulations,2018).

NetherlandsYes.QualifiedexpertsbasethequalitycontrolofEPCsonthecheck.ItincludesthecheckofacertainnumberoftheEPCsissuedbyqualifiedassessors.

Yes.ThequalitycontrolofEPCsisbasedonthecheckbyqualifiedexperts.ItincludesthecheckofacertainnumberoftheEPCs



issuedbyqualifiedassessors(vanEck,2015).

Poland Yes.AnindependentcontrolsystemofEPCstookplacebetween2013and2014.

No.Thenumberoflicensedpersonsissu-ingEPCsistoohighforaqualitycontrolprocess(BPIE&KAPE,2017).

Portugal Yes.ShortordetailedassessmentsofEPCscantakeplace(Fragoso&Baptista,2018). Informationnotfound.

Romania Yes.TheISCcontrolmainlyfocusesonthevalidityofEPCasses-sor’squalification(Teneaetal.,2018).

Yes.TheISCcontrolmainlyfocusesondisplayofEPCsinlargeandpublicbuild-ings,compliancewithlegalregulations,andthecompletenessofEPCs(Teneaetal.,2018).

SlovakiaYes.Since2014,theStateEnergyInspection,aspartoftheSlovakTradeInspection,isresponsibleforthequalityassuranceofEPCs(Sternovaetal.,2015).


Slovenia Yes.A2-levelapproachofEPCqualitycontrolisgiven(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

Yes.ThequalitycontrolofEPCsalsoin-cludesan"expertsupervision".

SpainYes.AlltheEPCsarecontrolledandgenerateautomaticnoticesabouttheEPCsthatdonotcorrespondwithreasonableaverageparameters.

Yes.Thequalitycontrolofassessorsasof2017coveredtheverificationof27,029technicians.

Sweden Yes. Yes.

UK

Yes.TheaccreditationschemesareresponsibleformonitoringthequalityoftheEPCsbyensuringtheirenergyassessorsarecompe-tentandpossesstheappropriateskillstoconductenergyassess-ments(DepartmentforCommunitiesandLocalDevelopment,2017).

Yes.Seecolumn1.

Table22:QualitycontrolofbothEPCsandassessors

5.4 Performingautomaticvalidity/qualitycheckofEPCassessments

Performinganautomaticvalidity/qualitycheckduringtheassessmentand/orduringuploadtoEPCdatabase/registryforallEPCs,e.g.,throughanautomaticonlineregistertofillintheEPCcharacteris-ticsandanintegratedtoolcheckingthese,willconsiderablyincreasethequalityofEPCsandreducethenecessitiesfor increasedqualitycontrolmeasuresata laterstage.Someofthememberstates,including QualDeEPC partner countries, Germany, Greece and Sweden, have the infrastructure toperformautomaticvalidity/qualitycheckofEPCassessments(seefigurebelow).Thecontentsoftheautomatic check include inputdataofbuildingparameters, resultsof energy consumption, energyclass, EPC assessor credentials, and renovation recommendations. Furthermore, the level of checkalsovaries, forexample, inputdataofbuildingparameters includebuildingtypology,area,thermaltransmittanceproperties,systemefficiencies;andEPCassessorcredentialcheckmightincluderegis-trationnumber, qualifications, and indemnity. However, the level and contentof checks varies indifferentmemberstates.


Figure15:Performingautomaticvalidity/qualitycheckofEPCassessments

Thefollowingtableshows inbrieftheavailabilityofAutomaticvalidity/qualitycheckduringassess-mentand/orduringuploadtoEPCdatabaseforallEPCsinvariousmemberstates.

Automaticvalidity/qualitycheckduringassessmentand/orduringuploadtoEPCdatabaseforallEPCsisavailable

Austria Yes.Insomeregionsautomaticqualitychecksareimplementedinthecalculationsoftware.Insomeregions,theEPCdatabaseisusedforindependentqualitychecks(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Belgium Yes.ForexampleintheWalloonRegionallEPCssubmittedtothedatabaseareautomaticallyscreenedbyacontrolwebapplication(Fourezetal.,2015).

Bulgaria Yes.ItisalreadypartiallyimplementedinBulgaria,butcanbeimproved,forexample,throughadditionaldatabasefunctionality.

Croatia No.

CyprusEPCassessorssubmitEPCsviamailtoMECI-EnergyService,whichisresponsibleforthemaintenanceofregis-triesforEPCsandEPCassessors,andreceiveditbackwithinoneworkingdaywithauniquenumberthatprovesitsvalidity(Hadjinicolaou,2015).

CzechRe-public Informationnotfound.

Denmark Yes.TheEPCdatabasehasanautomaticdatavalidation(Brandetal.,2019).

Estonia Yes.Anautomaticvalidationofthedata(onlyformatofuploadischecked)iscarriedout.ThisisnecessaryfortheissuanceoftheEPC(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Finland Yes.ThedatabaseautomaticallycheckstheinputdataofallEPCs(Haakanaetal.,2015).

France Informationnotfound.

Germany Yes.

Greece Yes.AutomaticvaliditycheckofEPCsdataisperformedonthenationalEPCregistryplatform.

Hungary Informationnotfound(UnclearifYesorNo).

Ireland Informationnotfound.

Italy Yes.However,itisaregionalapproachandmaynotbeavailableinallregions(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Performing automatic validity/quality check of EPC assessments during assessment and/or during upload to EPC database

Automatic validity/quality check of EPC assessments is implemented

Automatic validity/quality check of EPC assessments is not implemented




Automaticvalidity/qualitycheckduringassessmentand/orduringuploadtoEPCdatabaseforallEPCsisavailable

Latvia Yes.WhenregisteringEPCinadatabaseonlybasicmathischecked(itischeckedifnumbersthatshouldmakeacertainsumdoactuallymakethissumandothersimilarmathematicalchecking).

Lithuania Yes.AnautomaticqualitycheckintheEPCdatabaseisimplemented(Meškauskienėetal.,2015).

Luxembourg Yes.TheEPCdatabaseaswellasthenationalsoftwarecurrentlycheckstheplausibilityoftheEPCautomati-cally(Redingetal.,2015).

Malta Informationnotfound.

Netherlands No(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).

Poland

Yes.ThereisanautomaticcheckofinputdataintheregistrywhenEPCisissuedinthecaseofmissingdata.However,thereisnoautomaticcheckofcorrectnessofdataonEPC.ProposalstoimprovethecentralregisterofEPCsarecurrentlybeingprepared.Followingtheirintroduction,itwillbepossibletocheckthecorrectnessofEPCsmorequicklyandeasily.

Portugal Yes.Thesoftwareautomaticallycheckstheinputdata(Fragoso&Baptista,2018).

Romania Informationnotfound.

Slovakia Yes.Theonlinedatabaseautomaticallycarriesoutqualitycontrols(Davisetal.,2018).

Slovenia Yes.TheelectronicEPCregistryrunsanautomaticcheck(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

Spain Yes.AnautomaticqualitycheckintheEPCregistryisimplementedaftertheEPC.Regionalvariationsmayexist.

Sweden Yes.EPCregistryperformsautomaticcheck.

UK Informationnotfound.

Table23:Performingautomaticvalidity/qualitycheckofEPCassessments

5.5 AchievingCorC*levelcontrolofEPCassessmentsforthesampleaccord-ingtoEPBD

ThefollowingfigureshowsthelevelofcontrolofEPCassessmentsforthesampleaccordingtoEPBDAnnexII.ThemajorityofthememberstateshaveClevelcontrols(seeexplanationonthedefinitioninfigure19).

AmongQualDeEPC partner countries, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, andHungary have C* level con-trols,whileavailableinformationsuggestsLatviaandSpainhaveneitherCnorC*levelcontrols.


Figure16:AchievingCorC*levelcontrolofEPCassessmentsforthesampleaccordingtoEPBD

ClevelcontrolaccordingtoEPBD

forthesampleisachieved

C*levelcontrolaccordingtoEPBDforthesample

isachieved

BothCandC*areachieved

Austria Yes.ForexampleinKärnten,thecontrolisbasedonthreestepsasperAnnexIIofEPBD(ZEUS,n.d.). Yes.Seecolumn1. Yes.Seecolumn

1.

Belgium

Yes.InFlanders,aClevelcontrolisachieved.TheFlemishEnergyAgencyexecutesaqualitycheckontheworkofanumberofqualifiedexperts,basedonpossibleillogicalinputsofdataaswellasatrandom.

Yes.Sitevisitsarealsoper-formedasapartofqualitycheck(DeMeulenaer&Triest,2018).

Yes

Bulgaria Yes.AllthreeoptionsmentionedinDirective2010/31areappliedinBulgaria. Yes.Seecolumn1. Yes.Seecolumn

1.

Croatia

Yes.Thecontrolincludedcontrolofinputdata,accuracyofenergyclasscalculationsandproposedmeasuresforim-provedenergyperformanceofbuildings(Marđetko-Škoro,2015).


Cyprus Yes.DeskauditfromthedataretrievedfromtheEPCdata-baseandon-sitevisitsareperformed(Hadjinicolaou,2015). Yes.Seecolumn1. Yes.Seecolumn

1.

CzechRe-public

Levelofcontrolsisnotdefinedintheclearlydefined(EnergyManagementAct,2001). Informationnotfound. Informationnot

found.

DenmarkYes.AnelectronicanalysisiscarriedoutforallEPCs.Atech-nicalrevisionmustbecarriedoutfor0.25%ofallEPCs(Thomsenetal.,2015).

Yes.Thetechnicalrevisionin-cludesare-certificationoftheEPCandcanalsoincludease-condon-sitevisit.

Yes.

Estonia Yes.Thesamplesarefullychecked(Kuusketal.,2016). Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Finland

Yes.TheHousingFinanceandDevelopmentCentreofFinlandchecksthesampleEPCsregardingtheinputdata,theaccura-cyofcalculationsandtheappropriatenessofrecommenda-tions(Haakanaetal.,2015).


France Yes.ThecertificationbodyhastocheckatleastoneEPCwithanon-siteinspectionforeachcertificationcycle(5years)of Yes.Seecolumn1. Yes.Seecolumn

1.

Achieving c or c* level control of EPC assessments for the sample according to EPBD

Both C and C* level control are achieved

C level control is achieved

None of both is achieved



C including full check of input data, calculation results, and recommendations; C* with additional check through on−site visit if C level has shown major deviations





isachieved


allexperts(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).EPCassessorsarechecked4timesduringthefirstyear,and4moretimesinthefollowing4years.Thereafter,expertsarechecked4timesevery5years(Rogeretal.,2015).

Germany

Yes.Thecontrolincludesacheckofinputdata,outputdata,recommendations,andincaseofconsentwiththebuildingowneranon-siteinspection(DeutscheBundesregierung,2014).

Yes.Seecolumn1. Yes.Seecolumn1.

Greece

Yes.Thereare3levelsofcontrol.1stvaliditycheckofEPCinputdataperformedontheEPCplatform.2ndlevelofcon-trolisperformedon-deskforrandomsample.3rdlevelifcontrolisperformedon-site,dependingonresultsoftheon-deskcontrol.


Hungary Yes. Yes. Yes.

IrelandYes.Allsupportingdrawings,documentsetc.usedtodrawuptheBERandtheaccompanyingadvisoryreportisaudited(SEAI,2018).

Yes.Qualitycontrolauditpro-cesscouldalsotakeplaceonthebuildingsite(SEAI,2018).

Yes.Seecolumn1and2.

ItalyYes.Fullverificationoftheresultsandrecommendationsisdone,althoughsubjecttotheregulationsbyindividualre-gions.

Yes.On-sitevisitsformapartofthecontrols,althoughsubjecttotheregulationbyindividualregions.However,regionsmightchoosetolimiton-sitevisitsbyincreasingtherateofClevelcontrol(Costanzoetal.,2018).


Latvia No. No. No.

Lithuania

Yes.ArandomsamplingofEPCsischeckedregardinginputdataandresults.Detailedchecksarecarriedoutwhenresultsareoutofrange.On-sitevisitsarecarriedoutforalimitednumberofEPCs(Arcipowskaetal.,2014).


Luxembourg No.(Redingetal.,2015). No. No.

Malta

Yes.ScheduleII(Regulation32)oftheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,2012allowsforalllevelsofcontrolsincludingc*(EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,2018).


Netherlands Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

PolandYes.ControlsareinplacetoverifywhetherEPCswerepro-cessedobjectively,truthfullyandcompletely,astheEnergyManagementActrequires(Svoboda,2016).


Portugal

Yes.Shortqualityassessmentsanddetailedqualityassess-mentscanbecarriedout.Ashortassessmentincludesacheckoftheinputdata;adetailedonefurtherincludesanon-siteinspection(Fragoso&Baptista,2018).


Romania Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Slovakia Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

SloveniaYes.FirstlevelcontrolisanautomaticvaliditycheckbytheEPCregistry.ASecondlevelcontrolincludesacheckoftheEPCissued(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

No. No.

Spain Yes.However,levelcontrolisvariedindifferentRegions Yes.Seecolumn1. Yes.Seecolumn1.

SwedenYes,FirstlevelcontrolisanautomaticvaliditycheckbytheEPCregistry.TheNationalBoardofHousing,BuildingandPlanning,alsomakesyearlycheckof1%ofEPCs.Thecheck






isachieved


maybefullcheckofinputdata,calculationsresultsandrec-ommendationsaswellason-sitevisit.Additionalsamplechecksmayalsobedoneiftherehavebeenspecificcom-plainsaboutincorrectcertificates.

UK Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound. Informationnotfound.

Table24:AchievingCorC*levelcontrolofEPCassessmentsforthesampleaccordingtoEPBD

5.6 AvailabilityofacentraldatabaseforreportingerrorsorfaultyproceduresfromEPCassessmentsforanalysisandlearning

Reportingerrorsorfaultyproceduresinacentraldatabaseallowscreatingstatisticsofcommonmis-takes,andidentifyingassessorswithhigherrorrates.Thecommonmistakescanalsobehighlightedintheassessortrainings,sothatassessorslearntoavoidtheminthefuture.

Althoughqualitycontrolmechanismisavailableinallthecountries,whichaimstoidentifyerrorsinEPCassessments,communicatewiththeassessorsandgettingthemrectified,itisunclearfromtheavailableliterature,suchasCAEPBDimplementationstatusreports,whethersuchcentraldatabasefor reporting errors or faulty procedures from EPC assessments exists, except in Portugal, and tosomeextentinDenmarkandIreland.

InPortugal,all technicalmistakesandotheraspectsmustberegistered in thecentraldatabaseontheindividualrecordofqualityassurance(Altmann-Mavaddatetal.,2015).InDenmark,althoughitisunclearwhether it is a central databaseor not, there is a seven-stepplan in implementation thatentailsshorteningthetimefromerrortolearningincreasetheoverallqualityoftheEPC(Thomsenetal., 2018). In Ireland, care is taken that issuesorerrors identifiedduring theauditprocessarenotrepeatedinthefuturebycommunicatingthefeedbackdirectlywiththeconcernedBER/DECassessorand to other BER/DEC assessors as appropriate through relevant communication channels (SEAI,2016).

InGreece,oneoftheQualDeEPCpartnercountries,suchaprocessofidentificationoferrorsorfaultyproceduresisperformedontheplatformandautomaticwarningorwrittennotificationissenttotheassessor, thecommonmistakes/errorsarenotyetaggregatedtobeused instatisticsor in futuretraining.However,theissueisunderconsideration.

5.7 SanctionsandpenalisationforEPCassessors

This element aims to ensure quality control of EPCs and assessors through creating differentiatedand staged sanctions for EPC issuers for producing poor quality assessments or recommendationsonceorrepeatedly:stage1)obligationtoproducecorrectEPCprobono(andcontrollingthatithap-pens), stage2) fines, and stage3)withdrawalof certificationoraccreditation.Theprocess should,however,beabletodistinguishbetweenfraudandnegligence.Amajorityofthememberstates(seefigurebelow) levydifferentiatedandstagedsanctions incaseofpoorassessmentorrecommenda-tions,whilefewcountriestendtomakethedistinctionbetweennegligenceandfraud,whichattractsthemaximumfineandpunishment.


Figure17:SanctionsandpenalisationforEPCassessorsincaseofpoorassessmentsorrecommendations

ThefollowingtableshowsinbriefproceduresforsanctionsandpenalisationforEPCassessorsincaseofpoorassessmentsorrecommendationsinvariousmemberstates.

DifferentiatedandstagedsanctionsforEPCissuersincaseofpoorqualityassessmentsorrecommendationsareinplace

Adistinctionbetweenfraudandnegli-genceismade

Austria

Yes.EPCassessorsareliableforthecorrectnessofthecontents.Theyarealsoliablewithinthescopeoftheso-calledexpertliabilityfordamagesthathaveoccurredduetothisincorrectlyissuedEPCs(WirtschaftskammerÖsterreich(WKO),2019).


Belgium Yes.Flanders:Sanctionscanreachfromre-issuanceoftheEPCtopenaltiesfrom250to5,000EUR(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-a). Yes.Seecolumn1.

Bulgaria Yes.ThesanctionsaredefinedinEEAct.Yes.EPCassessorsareprovidedanopportunitytocorrecterrorsintheEPCs.

CroatiaYes.IfseveralinvalidEPCshavebeenissued,EPCassessorcanbesanctionedwithafineorlossofaccreditation(Marđetko-Škoro,2015).


Cyprus

Yes.Initially,warningsareissued,ifEPCdataisfoundincorrect.Ifthemistakesarenotcorrectedintimeboundmannerorrepeated,thenthelicensemaybesuspended.ThetimeofsuspensiondependsontheAssessorsabilitytoprovethattheycanperformcorrectcalcula-tions.

Yes.IntheeventthatitisproventhattheQEischangingdataand/ormanipu-latingcalculationsonpurpose,thesuspensionmightbeforlife(Hadjinico-laou,2015).

CzechRe-public

Yes.Severallawviolationshavebeenidentified,andpenaltieswereimposedonthe178relevantenergyspecialists.PenaltiesforwronglyprocessedEPCsresultedinmorethan13,000€(Svoboda,2016).


Denmark

Yes.EPCassessorshavetocorrecterrorsintheEPCs.Incaseofsub-stantialerrors,EPCassessorsmayreceiveawarningbeingdisplayedintheonlineregisterofexperts.Asalastresort,theEPCassessorcanlosehislicense.

Yes.EPCassessorshavetocorrecterrorsintheEPCs.Incaseofsubstan-tialerrors,EPCassessorsmayreceiveawarningbeingdisplayedintheonlineregisterofexperts.Asalastresort,the

Sanctions and penalisation for EPC assessors in case of poor assessments or recommendations

Differentiated and staged sanctions

Differentiated and staged sanctions, and a distinction between fraud and neglicence is made





EPCassessorcanlosehislicense(Brandetal.,2019).

EstoniaNo.UsuallyEPCassessorsareaskedtocorrecttheirmistakes.Incasethisisnotdone,penaltiesof64,000EURforcompaniesor6,400EURforindividualscanbeimposed(Kuusketal.,2016).

No.Seecolumn1.

Finland Yes.CriminalliabilityprovisionscanbeappliedforEPCassessors(ActonBuildingEnergyCertification,2013).


France

Yes.Penaltiesuptolossofaccreditationareinplace(DecreeofDe-cember13,2011amendingthedecreeofOctober16,2006asamendeddefiningthecriteriaforcertificationoftheskillsofnaturalpersonscarryingouttheenergyperformancediagnosisandthecrite-riaforaccreditationofcertificationbodies,2018).


Germany Yes.Basedonnon-compliancefoundduringrandomEPCcontrols,EPCissuersmaybethreatenedwithfines(EnEV,2014).


Greece

Yes.Administrativeandmonetarysanctionsareimposedtoassessorsforfaultyproceduresanderrors.A1stwarningissentifrepeatedfaultsareidentified.Temporarylicensesuspension(1-3years)orpermanentisforeseen,dependingonthegravity/impactofmis-takes.Monetaryfinesrangingfrom500to20,000€arealsoforeseenanddependongravity/impactofmistakesorfraud.

Yes.Seecolumn1.

Hungary Yes.Penaltiesuptowithdrawalofaccreditationareinplace. No.

Ireland

Yes.ThestatedobjectiveforthedisciplinaryprocessofBER/DECSchemeistheclassificationofnon-compliancesonthebasisoftheseriousnessoftheirimpactontheintegrityofthescheme.Inaddi-tion,sanctionsarebasedonseverity.Penaltiesincludesuspensionorterminationfromregistration.(SEAI,2016).

Yes.Seecolumn1.

ItalyYes.Penaltiesintheregionsrangefrom300€toamaximumof10,000€,accordingtothebreachoftherules.Penalconsequencesmaybeawardedincaseoffraud(Costanzoetal.,2018).

Yes.Seecolumn1.

Latvia

Yes.Apenaltypointsystemisimplemented(RegulationNo.531Regu-lationsRegardingAssessmentoftheCompetenceofIndependentExpertsandMonitoringofProfessionalActivityThereofintheFieldofEnergyPerformanceofBuildings).With10penaltypoints,theEPCassessorcertificateiswithdrawn.

Yes.5pointscanbegivenonlyifdelib-erateviolationsofthelawsandregula-tionsinthefieldoftheassessmentofenergyperformanceofbuildingsaremade.Inothercasesmaximumof3pointscanbegivenforerrorsinEPCs.

Lithuania Yes.Penaltiesuptolossofaccreditationareinplace. No.Doesnotappeartobethecase(Meškauskienėetal.,2015).

Luxembourg Yes.Penaltiesintheformofatime-limitedsuspensioncanbeim-posed(Redingetal.,2018).


MaltaYes.EPCassessorsareobligatedtorectifyincorrectEPCsinstipulatedtime,pendingwhichtheiraccreditationmightbesuspended(EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,2018).


NetherlandsYes.Penaltiescanbeimposed.Byrepeatednon-compliance,theEPCassessorcanloseitslicenseandwillbeexcludedfromactivitiesrelat-edtoEPCs(vanEck,2015).

Yes.

Poland Yes.Expulsion/disqualificationistheonlyfromsanctionavailable,exceptforminorerrors.

Yes.Therearenopenaltiesforminorerrors(Kasperkiewiczetal.,2015)

Portugal

Yes.Penaltiesareinplace,uptothe(limited)suspensionoftheEPCassessorfromthenationallist(Approvestheaccessandexerciserequirementsoftheexpertactivityqualifiedforenergycertificationandinstallationandmaintenancetechnicianforbuildingsandsys-tems,conformingitwiththedisciplineofLawNo.9/2009,of4March,whichtransposedDirectiveNo.2005/36/EC,oftheEuropeanParlia-mentandoftheCouncil,of7September2005,ontherecognitionofprofessionalqualifications.,2013).


Romania Yes.BasedonspecificcontrolprocedureapprovedbyMDRAPOrder Informationnotfound.




no.3152/2013(PCC001-2013indicative)penaltiesandsanctionscanbeimposed(Teneaetal.,2018).

Slovakia Yes. Yes.

SloveniaYes.Thepenaltydependsonthemistake.Ifnecessary,theEPCasses-sorhastocorrecttheEPCaswellasissueandstoreanewoneintheregister(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

No.

Spain Yes.InitiallywarningsareissuedifEPCdataisfoundtobeincorrect.Usuallythemistakesarecorrected,andtheEPCisregisteredagain. Yes.Seecolumn1.

Sweden

Yes.IftheEPCassessorfailsinitsindependenceorhasissuedincor-rectdeclarations,itmaybenotifiedtothecertificationbodywhichmaywithdrawthecertification.TheSwedishNationalBoardofHous-ing,BuildingandPlanningcanalsowithdrawcertifications.

Yes.

UK

Yes.Penaltiescanbeimposed.Ifanon-compliancesituationisre-peated,thespecificexpertswilllosetheirlicenseandwillbeexcludedfromactivitiesrelatedtoEPCs(DepartmentforCommunitiesandLocalDevelopment,2017).


Table25:SanctionsandpenalisationforEPCassessorsincaseofpoorassessmentsorrecommendations

5.8 ChannellingmonetarygainsfromsanctionsforenhancingEPCschemes

Ifthereisamechanismtosetsanctions,thenthefinancecomingfromthesanctionsmaybespenttoimprove theEPC scheme– i.e.newEPCplatforms, training sessions,qualitymonitoring team,etc.Thisisaninnovativeidea.WehavenotfoundanyinformationwhereaEUmemberstatehasalreadyimplementedit.Iftherewereanyfinesimposedatall,itseemstheproceedsaregoingtothegeneralbudgetandarenotearmarkedforimprovingtheEPCschemes.


6 USEOFEPCSANDTHEIRDATAINEUMEMBERSTATES,INCLUD-INGINWIDERBUILDINGS-RELATEDDATABASES

WhilethethreepreviouschaptersanalysedpotentialwaysofimprovingthequalityofEPCsbymeansofassessmentandcertification,qualificationofEPCassessors,andindependentcontrolsystems,thischapteranalysespotential improvementsonhowEPCsareused in thebuildingmarkets. This con-cernstheuseofEPCsinbuildingtransactions(e.g.,saleorrental)andadvertisements,aswellastheuseofEPCdataforotherpolicyormarketpurposes,respectingdataprotectionissues.

6.1 PublicopinionaboutEPCs

For EPCs to achieve the expected impact ofmaking building energy performance transparent andrelevant inbuildingmarkets, it iscrucialthatthepublic isawareofthemandhasahighopinionofthem.However,wefindthatthecurrentpublicopinionaboutEPCsintheEUmemberstatesisun-clear.ThepublicationbytheHorizon2020projectEnerfundfound,thattheinterestinEPCsispoor,as the general public in theEUdoesnot sufficientlyunderstand theEPC itself and its importance.Additionally, the informationprovidedby theEPCs isnoteasilyunderstandable for themajorityofthegeneralpublic.Whatisunderstandable,however,istheclassificationintheenergyclassesfromAtoG.EPCsbringaddedvalue to thebuilding in its rentingorselling,butmainlyhavenoor littleimpactonbuildingrenovation.Thisisoftenthecase,whenEPCsonlyprovidegenericrecommenda-tionsbasedontemplateswithnodetailassessmentsandcosting.Forabuildingrenovation,anaddi-tionalenergyauditbecomesnecessary.However,as canbeseen in the following table,at least insomecountriesamorepositivepublicopinionaboutEPCscouldbereached.

PublicopinionaboutEPCs

Austria Thegeneralpublicdoesnothaveagoodunderstanding,andisnotveryinterested(Geissleretal.,2016).

Bulgaria Statisticalinformationnotfound.QualDeEPCcountrypartnerestimatesthatpeoplearelessawareaboutEPCsoroftenseethemasaburden.

Cyprus ThegeneralpublicinCyprusisconsiderednottobewellawareabouttheEPCanditsimportance(Geissleretal.,2016).

DenmarkTherehasbeenanincreasingunderstandingoftheinformationprovidedbytheEPCs.Nowatleastthepriceofhigherrankingofbuildingsisgenerallyaccepted(Geissleretal.,2016).

FranceIngeneral,thepublichasalimitedunderstandingofwhatisreallyprovidedbytheEPC.TheconsiderationforthegeneralusefulnessofEPCsislimited,exceptfortheroleitcanhaveinaddingvaluetoapropertyandtoimproveitssellingorleasingpotential(Geissleretal.,2016).

GermanyInformationnotfound.

Greece

ThegeneralpublicseemstohavesomeunderstandingoftheenergycategoriesprovidedintheEPCtetc.andthelegalobligationtoacquireanEPC.However,thegeneralusefulnessofEPCsislimitedtotheaddedvaluethebuildingmayhaveinitsrentingorsellingpotential(Geissleretal.,2016).TheQualDeEPCcountrypartneresti-matesthatEPCshavelittleimpactinstimulatingenergyefficiencyrenovation,duetolimitednumberofrecom-mendationsgiveninEPCs.

Hungary

TheQualDeEPCcountrypartnerestimatesitismoreseenasaburden,butopinionsdifferonthescale.Duringthesaleorrentalprocedure,itisonlyaburdenandhomeownersusuallygetitinthelastminute.Whenitisneededforagrantapplicationforinstance(orforfinancialsupport,oracreditassessment)forenergyrenovation,itisvaluedmore,becausethiswaypeoplegettoseewheretheyareheading,whatthestateoftheirbuilding/flatis,andwhatwillitachieveafterrefurbishment.

Latvia Statisticalinformationnotfound.TheQualDeEPCcountrypartnerestimatesthatmanypeopledonotcareaboutEPCsorseethemasaburden.

Poland Inordertoincreasethepublicperception,thegraphicdesignoftheEPCcouldbeimproved.Additionally,includ-


PublicopinionaboutEPCs

ingrecommendationsintotheEPCwouldbesupportive(BPIE&KAPE,2017).

Portugal Informationnotfound.

Romania ThereislackofawarenessandsuspicionsontheEPCquality,thathampertheeffectiveuseoftheEPConthemarket(Geissleretal.,2016).

Slovakia ThegeneralpublichasonlylimitedunderstandingoftheinformationprovidedthroughEPC.Understandablearetheenergyclassesduetothesimilaritytotheenergylabellingofappliances(Geissleretal.,2016).

Slovenia ThegeneralpublicisnotverywellinformedregardingEPCnecessity.EspeciallyownersatrentingorsellingareconsideringEPCas“necessaryfinancialburden”whichhastobeobtained(Geissleretal.,2016).

Spain Statisticalinformationnotfound.TheQualDeEPCcountrypartnerestimatesthatmanypeopledonotcareaboutEPCsorseethemasaburden.EPCisnotfullyunderstoodbygeneralpublicandnobodyexplainsthemeaning.

Sweden

Statisticalinformationnotfound.TheQualDeEPCcountrypartnerdrawsthefollowingconclusions:Itdiffersalotbetweendifferenttypesofbuildingowners,anditalsodependsonhowfarthebuildingownerhascomeintheworkofimprovingenergyperformance.Largerbuildingowners:AlotthankstothefirstroundofEPCs,energyconsumptionisnowhighontheagendainmanyofthesecompanies.However,nowthattheyneedtohavetheEPCsredone(10yearshavepast),atleastsomeofthemseethisasmainlyofaburden.Energyefficiencymeasuresaretodayalreadypartoftheirdailyworkandgoals.Single-familyhouseowners:Thegeneralopinionamongprivatepersonssellingapropertyseemstobethatitismainlyaburdenandanunnecessarycost.Forprivatepersonslookingtobuyaproperty,theopinionsseemtobemoreofamix.

UKThegeneralpublicdoesnothaveagoodunderstandingoftheinformationprovidedintheEPCandcanmisinter-pretit.Thisisinpartbecausethedocumentitselfisoftennotdisplayedinitsentiretyatthepointofsaleorlease(Geissleretal.,2016).

Table26:PublicopinionaboutEPCs

6.2 MandatoryuseofEPCduringsaleandrentalofbuildings

TheEPBDrequests,thatineachmemberstateitbecomesobligatorytodisplaytheEPCinthesaleorrentalprocessofabuilding.InallmemberstatetheEPBDhasbeentransposed,sothatarespectivenational law exists. Usually, the EPCs have to be presented to the buyer or tenant. However, thestrictimplementationofthisrequirementisdifferentinvariousmemberstates.Insomecountries,itistoleratedtosubmittheEPCacertaintimeaftertheselling,whereasinsomecountriestheabsenceofanEPCatthetimeofsalemayresultinafinefortheseller.

6.3 Sanctionsandpenalisation forbuildingowners failing toownorpresentanEPC

Theuseof EPCs in buildingmarkets canbe improvedbyplacing sanctions for buildingowners formissingtoobtain/presentanEPC.Thismaybecombinedwithrewardsforcomplianceandcreatingmarket demand/pressure for presenting an EPC (which should be of high quality), in order to im-provecompliancefurther,sincethecontrolofcompliancemaynotbeeasy(cf.chapter6.1and6.4).However,noinformationwasfoundonrewardsforcompliance.Regardingmarketpressure,anex-amplefromAustriawasfound:Ifnoenergycertificateispresentedandthebuildingdoesnothaveanoverallenergyefficiencycorrespondingtoitsageandtype,thebuyerortenantcanmakewarrantyclaims(inthecaseofrentalsthismeansareductioninrent).

Thesanctionsforbuildingownersformissingtoobtain/presentanEPCareoftendefinedinthelegis-lation governing EPCs, but the degree of control and implementationmay vary betweenmember


states.Inmostofthememberstates,therearesanctionforbuildingownersfailingtoownorpresentanEPC,whenrequired/ondemand.

Figure18:SanctionsforbuildingownersfailingtoownorpresentanEPC

Sanctionsforbuildingownersmissingtoobtain/presentanEPCareinplace

AustriaYes.Whensellingabuildingorlong-termrenting,anEPChastobeprovided.ThebuyerorrentercansuefortheEPCorcanreimbursethecosts.Fromapurelylegalpointofview,theomissionconstitutesanadministra-tiveviolationandcanthereforebepunishedwithupto€1,450.00(EVAG2012,2012).

BelgiumYes.Flanders:IfasellerofabuildingdoesnotprovideanEPCintime,theywillbeaskedtogivereasons.Thebuildingsellerrisksafineof500to5,000EUR.Anotaryhastoreport,ifanEPCisnotprovidedduringselling.Thenotaryrisksafineof250to5,000EURifnotreporting(FlemishEnergyAgency,n.d.-a).

Bulgaria No.Thereisnocontrolbody;thenotarieswhoprofessthetransactionscaninpracticemonitortheactivity.

Croatia Yes.PenaltiesarelaidfornotprovidingtheEPCatthetimeofsale,rentorlease(Marđetko-Škoro,2015).

CyprusYes.IfanEPCisnotdeliveredtobuyerorrenter,thesellermightexpectafineupto8,550EUR("Anowner,whofailstodeliverthecertificatetoabuyerorrenter,ortodisplayitonapublicbuilding,willincurinafinewhichmustnotexceed8,550€(Xichilos&Hadjinicolaou,2011).

CzechRe-public

Yes.TheobligationtodisplaytheEPCinthecaseofsaleorrentwasrandomlycheckedandresultedinpenal-tiesofabout30,700EURintotal(Svoboda,2016).

Denmark Yes.In2013theDanishEnergyAgencyhascarriedoutrandomchecksonlargerbuildings.TheownersnothavinganEPCweregivenawarningandadeadlineforcomplyingwiththerules(Thomsenetal.,2015).

Estonia Yes.Penaltiescanbeimposed(Kuusketal.,2016).

Finland Yes.Theownerisliableinthecaseofnon-compliance(ActonBuildingEnergyCertification,2013).

France Yes.EPCismandatoryforsaleandleaseofbuildings.Furthermore,failuretopresentEPCinsaleandrentaladvertisementsisbothcivilandcriminaloffence(MinistèredelaTransitionécologiqueetsolidaire,n.d.).

Germany Yes.Thenon-deliveryofanEPCtothebuyerorrenterisanadministrativeoffence(EnEV,2014).

Greece Yes.EPCismandatoryinrental/saleofbuildings.Sanctionstoownersareforeseenfornon-compliance.

Hungary No.

Ireland Yes.IftheBERisnotincludedinanyadvertisementforthebuilding,itcanleadtoapenaltyforthepersonfoundguiltycanbepenalisedwithClassAfine(i.e.afinenotexceeding€5,000)orimprisonmentforaterm

Sanctions for building owners failing to own or present an EPC

Sanctions for building owners missing to obtain/present an EPC

No sanctions for building owners missing to obtain/present an EPC




Sanctionsforbuildingownersmissingtoobtain/presentanEPCareinplace

notexceeding3monthsorboth(EuropeanUnion(EnergyPerformanceofBuildings)Regulations2012,n.d.).

Italy Yes.IncaseofnotprovidingtheEPCinsaleorrent,apenaltybetween300an18,000EURcanbeimposed(Costanzoetal.,2018).

Latvia Yes.However,thecontrolandmonitoringisweakandthesanctionshaveneverbeenapplied.

Malta Yes.BuildingownersareobligatedtoproduceEPCtotheBuildingRegulationOfficeondemand,failingwhichisdeemedtobeanoffence(EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,2018).

Netherlands No.AllbuildingsareprovidedwithaprovisionalEPC.BuildingownersarerequiredtoproducefinalEPCduringsaleorrentalofthebuilding(vanEck,2015).

Poland No.

RomaniaYes.Theinvestor/owner/managerisobliged,asappropriate,tomakeacopyoftheEPCavailabletothepro-spectivebuyerornewtenantbeforeconcludingthesaleorlease,withoutwhich,contractsofsaleconcludedareconsiderednullandvoidandinnon-compliancewiththeCivilCode(Teneaetal.,2015).

Slovakia Yes.IncaseofnothavinganEPCwhenneeded,buildingownerscanbefinedof500upto3,000EUR(ARNEA,n.d.).

Slovenia Yes.DisplayofEPCduringsalesorrentalsismandatory.Non-compliancecanresultinpenaltiesofis300€(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

Spain

Yes.DisplaytheenergyclassoftheEPCduringsalesorrentalismandatory.Inthehouseholdsalescontract,anEPCshouldbeattached;intherentingcontractthelabelshouldbeattached.ThepersonwhosellsistheresponsibletogettheEPCandthenotarywillincludeEPCinthecontract.Non-compliancebuildingownerscanbefinedwithpenaltiesof601upto1,000€.Penaltiesforfalsifyinginformationbetween1,001and6,000€.

Sweden Yes.

UK Yes.BuildingownerscanbefinediftheydonotgetanEPCwhenitisrequired(Gov.uk,n.d.).

Table27:SanctionsforbuildingownersfailingtoownorpresentanEPC

6.4 PresentingEPCtoofficialbuildingsalesbodiesorpermitauthoritiesasanobligatory/mandatorymeasure

AnotherwaytoimprovecompliancewiththerequirementtoownanEPCwhensellingapropertyistomakeitobligatory/mandatorytopresenttheEPCtoofficialbuildingsalesbodies,suchasnotarieswhen selling buildings or parts thereof, as practiced inGreece,Hungary and Sweden, aswell as anumberofotherEUmemberstates(seefigurebelow)andwhileapplyingforbuildingpermitduringnewconstruction.


Figure19:PresentingEPCtoofficialbuildingsalesbodiesasanobligatory/mandatorymeasure

PresentationofEPCstoofficialbuildingsalesbodies,suchasnotaries,ismandatoryforsalesofbuildings

Austria No.

Belgium Yes.ThenotaryhastoreporttheabsenceofanEPCtotheFlemishEnergyAgency(DeMeulenaer&Triest,2018).

BulgariaThenotarieswhoprofessthetransactionscaninpracticemonitortheactivity.Uponthesaleofanewbuildingasawhole,thesellershallprovidetothepurchaserthecertificate.Theownersofstand-aloneunitsinabuild-ingshallhavetherighttoreceiveacopyoftheoriginalenergyperformancecertificate

CroatiaYes.Atleastfornewbuildings:Aninvestorofanewbuildinghastoprovideabuildingenergycertificatebe-foreperformingthetechnicalinspectionandattachittotheapplicationforissuanceofausepermit(Croatiarealestateagency,2020).

Cyprus No.

CzechRe-public

Yes.Beforecommencingnewconstructionormajorrenovation,thebuildershouldsubmitanEPCtotheStateEnergyInspectorateforassessmentonwhethertheenergyperformanceobligationisfulfilled(Svobodaetal.,2015).

Denmark No.

EstoniaYes.TheEPCisnecessaryfortheerectionofabuildingandtransferofownershiporentryintoafinancialleaseagreementinrespectofthebuilding.Itshallbeannexedtotheapplicationforwrittenapprovalthatissubmit-tedtothelocalauthority(BuildingAct,2012).

FinlandYes.EPCsarenecessaryforallnewbuildings,alongwiththebuildingpermitapplication.Forexistingbuildings,anEPCisneededwhenthebuilding(orapartofabuilding,e.g.,anapartment)issoldorrented(Haakanaetal.,2015).

France Yes.Thetechnicaldiagnosisfile(e.g.includingEPC)mustbeattachedtoallpromisestosellandallsalesofresidentialproperties(NotairesdeFrance,2020).

Germany No.

GreeceYes.EPCneedstobeprovidedtonotariesduringthetransactionprocessandtheEPCregistrationnumberisincludedinthelegaldocuments.ItisalsomandatorytouploadtheEPContheTaxAuthorityelectronicplat-form;however,inthiscasethereisatoleranceinsubmissiontime.

Hungary Yes.Ireland No.Italy Informationnotfound.Latvia No.

Presenting EPC to official building sales bodies or permit authorities as an obligatory or mandatory measure

Presentation of EPCs is mandatory for sales/permit of buildings

Presentation of EPCs is voluntary for sales/permit of buildings



PresentationofEPCstoofficialbuildingsalesbodies,suchasnotaries,ismandatoryforsalesofbuildings

Lithuania

Yes.Fornewbuildings,anEPCisnecessaryforthecompletionofconstructionprocedures,whichmeansabuildingcanberegisteredascompletedandinuse.Thesameisapplicableforbuildingsaftermajorrenova-tions.Inthecaseofbuying,sellingorrentinganexistingbuilding,anotarychecksEPCsduringthesigningofrealestatecontracts(Encius&Baranauskas,2018).

Luxembourg Yes.AnEPCisrequiredtogetabuildingpermit(LeGouvernementduGrand-DuchédeLuxembourg,2017).

Malta Yes.AcopyofthedesignratingEPCshallalsobeattachedtothepromiseofsale/deed(EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,2018).

Netherlands Informationnotfound.

PolandNo.DuringsalesorrentalstheownershouldhandovertheEPCtothebuyerortenant.Ifthisisnotdone,thebuyermayrequesttheEPCattheexpenseoftheowner.Anotaryinformstheownerandbuyerabouttheirrightswhilesigningthenotarydeed(Bekierskietal.,2018).

Portugal Yes.NotariesareobligedtoreportwheneveratransactionoccurswithouttheexistenceofanEPC(Fragoso&Baptista,2018).

Romania Yes.Startingasavoluntarysystemin2001,presentingEPCsduringsaleandrentalofbuildingsbecameman-datorywiththeEPBDtranspositionin2005(BPIEetal.,2017).

Slovakia Informationnotfound.

Slovenia Yes.FornewbuildingsanEPCispartofthedocumentationofcompletedconstructionworks.Whenrentingorsellingabuilding,theEPChastobedisplayedbeforethecontractisconcluded(Šijanec&Potočar,2015).

Spain No.Sweden Yes.UK No.Table28:PresentingEPCtoofficialbuildingsalesbodiesasanobligatory/mandatorymeasure

6.5 Advertising guidelines for presenting EPCs in real-estate ads during saleandrental

InmostEUmemberstatesitismandatorytodisplaytheenergyclassoftheEPCinsellingorrentingadvertisements(seenextchapter)butthecompliancevaries.ApotentialwaytoimprovecomplianceistomakeiteasierforsellersorlandlordsofbuildingsistoprovidethemwithconcreteguidelinesfortheuseandpresentationofEPCsandthelegallyrequireddatainadvertisementsofsales/rentalsorbuildings/dwellings.Insomecountries,suchguidelinesissuedbyenergyagencies/publicauthoritiesare already available. For example in Ireland, a detailed guideline plus the respective energy classartwork files are available for download and use (SEAI, 2013). In France, examples of adverts areavailable;atleast,theenergyclasslabelshouldbepresented(MinistèredelaTranisitionécologiqueet solidaire, 2018). AmongQualDeEPC partner countries, it appears that advertising guidelines forpresentingEPCsinreal-estateadsduringsaleorrentalarestillunavailable.

6.6 ControllingandenforcingthemandatoryuseofEPCsinrealestateadver-tisements

Therequirement topresent theEPCorat least theEPCratingandkeyvalues in realestateadver-tisements is given inmost EUmember states.However, the level of compliancewith this require-mentisvarying,anddataavailabletousareinconclusiveonhowmanycountriesareactivelycontrol-lingandenforcingthislegalrequirement.ThisisalsothecasefortheQualDeEPCpartnercountries.We thereforeabstain frompresentinga graphical presentationor a tableon the results for all EUmemberstatesandtheUK.Somecountries,forwhichavailableinformationsuggeststhattheyhaveconcretecontrolorenforcementresponsibilitiesinplace,areincludedinthetablebelow.


LegalrequirementtopresentEPC,oratleasttheEPCratingandkeyvaluesinadvertisementsiscontrolledandenforced

Bulgaria

Whereanewbuildingforwhichaenergyperformancecertificatehasbeenissuedorastand-aloneunitthereinisannouncedforsaleorrent,theparameter"specificannualexpenditureofprimaryenergy"inkWh/m2,statedinthecertificate,shallbenotedinallannouncements.Priortotheconclusionofacontractforsaleorlease,thesellerorthelessorrespectivelyshallprovidetothepurchaserorlesseerespectivelythecertificateinorderforthemtoacquaintthemselveswithit.

Croatia Yes.SupervisionisunderthecompetenceoftheMinistryofEconomy,MarketInspectorate.Thisobligationiscommonlyfollowedandnofineshavebeenissuedsofar(Škoro,2018).

Cyprus Yes.Non-compliancehasledtopenaltiesin22cases.ThishasledtoahigherrateofEPCdisplayinadvertisements(Hadjinicolaou,2015).

Estonia Yes.TheEstonianTechnicalSurveillanceAuthorityisinchargeofcheckingtheuseofEPCsincaseofsellingorrentingproperty(Kuusketal.,2016).SlovakiaYes.TheSlovakTradeInspectionisinchargeofcontrolchecks(Sternovaetal.,2015).

SwedenYes.TheNationalBoardofHousing,BuildingandPlanninggivestheregulationsforpresentingtheEPCanditsresultandisinchargeforcontrolchecks.Table29:ControllingandenforcingthemandatoryuseofEPCsinrealestateadvertisements

6.7 PublicdatabaseofEPCs

MostEUmemberstateshaveimplementeddatabasesofall issuedEPCs.Thegeneralpubliccanac-cessmanyofthem,butsometimestheaccess is limitedforspecialgroups likeenergyadvisorsetc.Thewaystoaccessdatabasesarealsodifferentacrossthecountries.Sometimesinsertingthestreetplushousingnumberissufficient(likeintheUK),sometimestheEPCnumberhastobeinserted(likeinIreland).Furthermore,theamountofdataaccessiblefromapublicdatabaseisdifferent.InsomeofthecountriesafullEPCalongwiththerecommendationscanbeaccessed,whileintheothers,thepubliclyavailableinformationislimitedtokeyvalues,suchasEPCratingclass,energyconsumptionandthefullEPCisonlyavailableforthebuildingowner(likeintheNetherlands).InGermanyadata-baseofEPCsdonotexist.


Figure20:PublicdatabaseofEPCs

Publicdatabase(protectingprivacy)ofEPCratingsisavailable

AustriaYes.EPCsarecentrallystoredinregionalenergycertificatedatabases(e.g.:ZEUS,EnergypasscentreVorarl-berg,WUKSEA).Theaimofthecentralstorageoftheenergycertificatesistorepresentthebuildingstockasrealisticallyaspossible(AustrianEnergyAgency,n.d.-b).

Belgium No.AdatabaseexistsinthepropertyoftheFlemishEnergyAgency.Accessislimitedandonlyqualifiedex-pertscanviewonlytheirownfiles/EPCs.Thisisduetoprivacyissues(Altmann-Mavaddatetal.,2015).

Bulgaria Yes.ThereisaNationalEnergyEfficiencyInformationSystemForCertifiedBuildings

Croatia No.However,Currently,CroatiaisrunningatestphaseforimplementinganelectronicdatabasefortheEPCs(Škoro,2018).

Cyprus No.Theaccesstothedatabaseisrestrictedtoenergyinspectorsunderpersonaldataprotectionlaw(Mudgaletal.,2013).

CzechRe-public No.Acentralregisterexists;however,nopublicaccessisavailable(EuropeanCommission,n.d.).

Denmark Yes.AllEPCsareregisteredinacentraldatabasethatispubliclyavailableonthewebsite(DanishEnergyAgency,n.d.-b).

Estonia Yes.(EuropeanCommission,n.d.).

Finland No.Adatabaseexists,butitisnotaccessiblebythepublic(EuropeanCommission,n.d.).

France

No.However,thedatabasehaslimitedaccess.Professionals(inchargeofthecertifications,accreditedaudi-torsaswellaspublicorganization)haveaprivilegedaccesstothisdatabase.Forthegeneralpublic,itallowseithertosearchforaspecificDPEusingareferencenumberortoobtainstatisticsonEPCspertypeofbuild-ing,constructionyearortypeofheaters(Geissleretal.,2016).

Germany No.Nocentraldatabaseexists.

Greece

No.Thedatabaseisnotpubliclyaccessible.AccessislimitedtotheMinistryandtheoperatoroftheplatform(CRES).Itisalsoaccessibletotheassessor/issueroftheEPCaswellastotheowneroftheEPC,oranyotherphysicalpersonbutonlywiththeregistrationnumberandsecuritynumberofthecertificateandonlyfortheinformationincludedinthe1stpage(Energyclass,administrativedataofthebuilding).Aggregated/anony-miseddatacanberequestedbyinstitutionsforresearchandanalysispurposesandareprovidedbytheMinis-try’sassignedstaff.

Hungary Yes.

Public database of EPCs

Public access database of EPC ratings is available

Limited (or non−public) access database of EPC ratings is available

Database of EPC ratings is unavailable




Publicdatabase(protectingprivacy)ofEPCratingsisavailable

Ireland Yes.TheNationalBERRegisterexists.However,onehastoinserttheBER/DECnumberoftheMPRN(MeterPointReferenceNumber)(SEAI,n.d.-d).

Italy Yes.Probablystillnotavailableinallregions/autonomousprovinces.TheregionofLombardypublishesallitsEPCdatainaspreadsheetthatisopenlyavailableonline(Costanzoetal.,2018).

Latvia Yes.

Lithuania Yes.ApublicEPCregisterisavailablecompletewithbuildingaddress,energyclass,energyconsumptionetc.(SPSC,2020b)

Luxembourg ThethirdNationalEnergyEfficiencyActionPlanannouncedthebuildupofanationaldatabase(LeGou-vernementduGrand-DuchédeLuxembourg,2017).

Malta No.TheBuildingsRegulationOfficemaintainsEPCregistry.OnecancheckthevalidityoftheEPCbyenteringtheEPCnumber(EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,2018).

Netherlands

Yes.Thelettersofenergylabelsforbuildingsareregisteredonwww.ep-online.nlandareretrievableperaddressonthatsite.Theenergylabelsthemselves,includingtheunderlyinginformationtothoselabellettersandtherecommendationsofenergy-savingmeasures,inprinciple,areonlyavailabletobuildingowners(GovernmentoftheNetherlands,n.d.-c;vanEck,2015).

Poland

Yes.Adatabaseofthepubliclyavailablecentralregistershows,onthebasisofissuedEPCsinPoland,infor-mationaboutthesebuildings(amongotherthings,theparametersoftheenergyperformance,theshareofRES,thevalueofCO2emissions(Bekierskietal.,2018;MinistryofInfrastructureandConstruction,n.d.).However,thisisonlyforbuildingswithfloorareaexceeding250m2occupiedbythejudicialauthorities,theprosecutor'sofficeandpublicauthoritiesthatservethepublicdirectly.

Portugal Yes.Asearchablepublicdatabaseexists(ADENE,n.d.-d).

Romania No.Acentralregisterexists;however,nopublicaccessisavailable(EuropeanCommission,n.d.).

Slovakia Yes.Slovakiaestablishedanationaldatabasein2010,whichisbecomingmoreandmorefunctionalwithopencontent(Davisetal.,2018).

Slovenia

Yes.Followinginformationispubliclyavailable:SerialnumberofEPC,buildingcadastreidentificationcode,addressofthebuilding,cadastralmunicipalityandparcelnumber,nameofEPCassessor,dateofissuance(Rulesonthemethodologyfortheproductionandissuanceofenergyperformancecertificatesforbuildings,2014).

Spain No.TheRegionalGovernmentsmanagearegistryofEPCs.

Sweden Yes.

UK Yes(EuropeanCommission,n.d.).

Table30:PublicdatabaseofEPCs

6.8 LinkingEPCdatabasetootherbuildings-orenergy-relateddatabases

LinkingEPCdatabasetootherbuildings-orenergy-relateddatabases,e.g.ongreencertificates.Suchlinkinghelps inplanning informedpolicesanddesignnovel financial schemes fordeep renovation.Suchlinksareavailableonlyinfewmemberstates,whereEPCsaremostlylinkedwithbuildingregis-tries.


Figure21:LinkingEPCdatabasetootherbuildings-orenergy-relateddatabases

Linkstootherdatabasearepresent

AustriaYes.Thebuildingstandard,the"Klimaaktivstandard",isquiteambitiousandalreadymeetsNZEBrequire-mentsthatwillberelevantin2020andbeyond.ThebasisistheEPC,butrequirementsfortheKlimaaktivstandardgobeyond(klimaaktiv,2018).

CzechRe-public

Yes.TheCentralRegisterofAdministrativeBuildingskeepsrecordsof5,000buildingsthatarepropertiesofthestate(Svobodaetal.,2015).

Estonia Yes.EPCdataispartofBuildingRegistry(Kuusk&Tali,2015).

Germany No.

Greece Yes.Forthetimebeing,thedatabaseislinkedtotheTaxAuthorityplatformaswellastotheplatformofthenationalincentiveprogramme‘EnergyEfficiencyatHouseholdBuildings’.

Hungary No.

Ireland Yes.Thedatacanbeusedincombinationwithotherdatasourcesincludingcensus(Altmann-Mavaddatetal.,2015).Theinformationavailableinthedatabaseisbeingusedalsoforstrategicenergyplanning(SEAI,n.d.-f).

Italy Informationnotfound.

Latvia No.

Lithuania Yes.SinceJuly2014,alldataarealsotransferredtotheRealPropertyRegisterandCadastreofLithuania(Encius&Baranauskas,2018).

LuxembourgYes."LENOZ"isavoluntarysustainabilityassessmentofresidentialbuildingsadaptedtoLuxembourgcondi-tions.Theabbreviation"LENOZ"standsfor"LëtzebuergerNohaltegkeetscertification"(LeGouvernementduGrand-DuchédeLuxembourg,2017).

Poland No.

Portugal

Yes.EPCdatabaseisconnectedtootherdatabasestobetteroperatefundingschemes(FragosoandBaptista,2016).EPCdatabaseisalsoconnectedtootherdatabasesorsourcesofofficialormarketinformation,suchasHousingEnergyEfficiency,Statisticsinstitutes,Electricityutility,Buildingregistryandnotaries(Altmann-Mavaddatetal.,2015).

Slovenia Yes.TheEPCregistershouldbeconnectedwithcadastredatabaseaswellwithspatialonlineportal,enablingwiderdataaccessibilityandtransparency(Geissleretal.,2016).

Spain No.

Linking EPC database to other buildings or energy−related databases

Links to other database are present

Links to other database are not present




Linkstootherdatabasearepresent

Sweden No.

Table31:LinkingEPCdatabasetootherbuildings-orenergy-relateddatabases


7 HOWAREEPCSINEUMEMBERSTATESEMBEDDEDINWIDERPOLICIESANDPUBLICACTIVITIESTOSTIMULATEDEEPRENOVA-TION?

Improvingtheusefulness,use,andimpactofEPCsforstimulatingdeepenergyefficiencyrenovationisafocusoftheQualDeEPCproject.Therefore,weanalysedanumberofoptionsforthispurpose.

7.1 LinkingEPCsandrenovationrecommendationstodetailedenergyaudits

EPCscouldbecomethe firststeptowardsadetailedenergyaudit,or theycouldevenbebasedonsuchanaudit.ThenextfigureandtableshowtheoverviewaboutwhetherEPCassessments/calcu-lationsandtherecommendationarebasedonadetailedenergyaudit,asisalreadythecasee.g.inLatviaandBulgaria.AproblemcanbetheownershipoftheEPCdatamodel.Forexample,whentheEPC issuer isnottheenergyconsultant, thebuildingdatamustberecaptured.Additionally, there-sultsareonlyconditionallycomparable,asdifferentboundaryconditionsmaydifferforEPCandau-dit.Thatconsumesextratimeandentailsfurthercostsforthebuildingowner.Inthesamedirectiongoargumentsbyseveralotherstakeholders.InmanycountriesitisageneralviewamongEPCasses-sorsthatanEPCreflectsthebuilding’sperformancewithregardstoitsthermalenvelopeandtech-nicalsystems,regardlessofitsoccupantbehaviouranduseofthebuilding.Asanauditalsomirrorsthehabitsoftheoccupants,recommendationsshouldbebasedonbuilding’sperformancewithsomecareandabstractionfromtheoccupantbehaviour.

ThereareonlyfewEUmemberstates, forexample,CroatiathatrequireadetailedenergyauditasthebasisforanEPC,also,QualDeEPCpartnercountriesBulgariaandLatviaareamongthem.


Figure22:LinkingEPCsandrenovationrecommendationtodetailedenergyaudits

LinkingEPCsandrenovationrecommendationtodetailedenergyaudits

Austria No.Belgium No.(ingeneral)TheEPCisbasedontechnicalbuildingissuesonly(CertiBru,2020).Bulgaria Yes.TheEnergyperformancecertificateisintegralpartofenergyauditprocedure.

Croatia Yes.Energyauditisapre-conditionforproducingEPCsasperArticle6oftheOrdinanceonenergyauditingofbuildingsandenergycertification(Ordinanceonenergyauditingofbuildingsandenergycertification,2017).

Cyprus No.EPCsareonlybasedontechnicalbuildingperformance.CzechRe-public No.

Denmark No.Estonia No.EPCsandenergyauditsforbuildingsaredifferentmeasures(EestiEnergia,n.d.).

Finland No.EPCsareonlybasedontechnicalbuildingperformance.Theonlytargetofcomparisonisthebuildingitself,notitscurrentoccupants(MotivaOy,n.d.-c).

France Informationnotfound.

GermanyNo.IftheEPCissuerisnottheenergyconsultant,thebuildingdatamustberecaptured(takestimeandentailsnewcostsforthebuildingowner).Theresultsareconditionallycomparable,sincedifferentboundarycondi-tionsunderlie.

Greece No.EPCsarebasedontechnicalbuildingperformance,calculatedwiththeassetratingapproach.

HungaryNo.InHungaryitisageneralviewamongassessorsthatanEPCbelongstothebuilding,regardlessofitsown-er,andofitsowner’sbehaviour/useofthebuilding.Anauditmirrorsthehabitsoftheowner,butitshouldnotbethebasisoftherecommendationsforimprovingthebuilding’sperformance.

Ireland Yes.TheBERisquitedetailed.Especiallyforexistingbuildings,itincludeson-siteinspection,andindividualenergyandwateruseintothecalculation.Therecommendationsarequitedetailed(SEAI,2019a,2019b).

Italy Informationnotfound

LatviaYes.UsuallyEPCisviewedasanannexofenergyaudit(thishashappenedbecausemostlyEPCsareissuedonlywhenbuildingwanttoreceiveEUgrantforbuildingrenovationandinthisprocessadetailedenergyauditofabuildingisneeded).

Lithuania No.Luxembourg No.Poland Yes.AccordingtothenewregulationthecalculationoftheenergyauditcanbedoneusingEPCmethodology.Portugal Informationnotfound.

Linking EPCs and renovation recommendations to detailed energy audits

EPCs and renovation recommendations are linked to detailed energy audits

No linking is in place




LinkingEPCsandrenovationrecommendationtodetailedenergyaudits

RomaniaNo.TheinformationprovidedintheEPCissufficienttoconductanevaluationoftheenergyperformanceofthecertifiedbuilding.However,thedetailedtechnicalinformationisoftenincompleteorincorrect.(BPIEetal.,2017)

Slovakia No.EPCscanbeissuedviaanonlineform.Anenergyauditisanextensiveevaluatione.g.,(ARNEA,n.d.).

SloveniaNo.AnEPCisnotanEnergyaudit.Toobtainoverallevaluationoftheenergyperformanceofthebuildingsamoreextensiveevaluationshouldbeperformed(energyauditisoneofthemostusefulforms)(Geissleretal.,2016).

Spain No.

Sweden

No.TheEPCisquitedetailed.Itincludeson-siteinspection,measuredindividualenergyandwateruseandanassessmentofindoorclimatetodeterminetheenergyperformanceandsuggestcost-effectiverenovationmeasures.However,adetailedenergyauditmaybeneededinordertoexactlydesignandcalculatetheprof-itabilityofthesuggestedmeasuresandpackagethemeasuresintoadeeprenovationplan.

UK Informationnotfound.Table32:LinkingEPCsandrenovationrecommendationtodetailedenergyaudits

7.2 Monitoring implementationof renovationrecommendationsgiven in theEPCs

Monitoringoftheimplementationofrecommendedactionsforenergyefficiencyrenovationsgivenin the EPCs can bemade easy if EPCs are linkedwith financial incentive/financing schemes, as inQualDeEPC partner countries Bulgaria, Greece, and Hungary. However, such linkages (see section7.3)arenotoftenavailable.Asa result, alsoamonitoringof the implementationof recommenda-tionsisrarelygiven.Inmostcountriesanimplementationoftherecommendationsisvoluntaryandis notmonitored. Although not a way ofmonitoring implementation of renovation recommenda-tions, in Cyprus, EPCs of public buildings, the recommendations accompanying them, and energyaudits, where applicable, were the basis for evaluating 120,000 m2 of public buildings that wasplannedtoberenovatedfortheperiod2014–2020.

7.3 LinkingEPCstofinancialincentiveschemes

Insomecountries,EPCsaredirectlylinkedtofinancialincentiveschemes.ThisincludesamandatoryissuanceofassetratingEPCsbeforeandafterrenovation.Suchlinkingandmandatoryassetratingisavailableinfewcountriese.g.Bulgaria,Greece,HungaryandLatvia.


Figure23:LinkingEPCstofinancialincentiveschemes

AssetratingEPCsaremandatorybeforeandafterrenovationforfinancialincentive/financingschemes

Austria No.Forsomefundingschemeslike"SanierungscheckfürPrivate2019"theEPChastobeprovidedbefore,butnotafterrenovation(KommunalKreditPublicConsulting,2019).

Belgium No.Bulgaria Yes.Croatia No.

Cyprus

Asperaschemeforenergyefficientupgradingofhouseholdsfundsareprovidedbasedonthelevelofenergyefficiencyachieved,forexamplefromatleastclassBofEPCtoNZEBlevels.However,thefundsarelinkedtotheinvestmentsmadeasperEPCrecommendationsanditisunclearwhetheranassetratingisrequiredatall(IndustryandTechnologyService,MinistryofEnergy,TradeandIndustry,2020).

CzechRe-public No.

Denmark No.Subsidyprogrammesforrenovationareavailable,however,notlinkedtoEPCs.

EstoniaYes.AnEnergyefficientupgradeofhousingschemeisstronglylinkedtotheEPCsystem.Forexample,a15%grantcanbeappliedwhenEPCClassE(minorrenovation)willbeachievedafterthecompletionofrenovationworks(Kuusketal.,2016).

Germany No.TherearedifferentboundaryconditionsforfundingprogramsandEnEVcalculations.

GreeceYes.Forthepurposesofapplyingtothenationalincentiveprogramme‘EnergyEfficiencyatHouseholdbuild-ings’anEPCneedstobeissuedbeforetheimplementationoftherenovationmeasuresaswellasasecondEPCneedstobeissuedandsubmittedaftercompletionofrenovationworks.

Hungary Yes.Ireland No.Latvia Yes.Usually,thelengthofmandatorymonitoringperiodis5years.Luxembourg No.

Poland

No.Renovationofbuildingswiththeuseofthefinancialincentivesrequiresaninitialenergyaudittoproposemeasuresandverifyitseconomicfeasibility.TheEPCsdonothaveanimpactontherenovationactivitiesinPolandhoweverthepotentialofusingEPCsinfinancialsupportsystemshasbeennoticed(EPCinsteadofenergyauditforsinglefamilyhouses).

Spain Yes.ForreceivinggrantsPAREERincludesacomplementaryfinancialsupportiftheAorBclassofthebuildingisachieved.

Sweden No.Notforthemoment.Financingschemesareregularlychangingbuttherehavebeensomethatlinkstothe

Linking EPCs to financial incentive schemes

Asset rating EPCs are mandatory before and after renovation for financial incentive/financing schemes

Asset rating EPCs are not mandatory

Information unavailable



AssetratingEPCsaremandatorybeforeandafterrenovationforfinancialincentive/financingschemes

EPC.

UKYes.ForreceivinggrantsfromtheEnergySavingTrust,e.g.inScotland,themeasurehastoberecommendedinanEPC.Aftertheworkhasbeendone,anupdatedEPCisneededforreceivingthegrant(EnergySavingTrust,n.d.-c).

Table33:LinkingEPCstofinancialincentiveschemes

7.4 CreatingDeepRenovationNetworkPlatforms

Apromising step towardsdeep renovation isDeepRenovationNetworkPlatforms. Suchplatformsprovideone-stop-shopsfordeeprenovationlinkedtoEPCs,includingadministrative,energyadvice,financialandsupply-side informationtobuildingowners,withactivemarketingofdeeprenovationand EPC, and coordinating supply-side actors and supporting theirmarketing, training andquality.Suchone-stop-shops for deep renovation linked to EPCsmaybe available onnational, regional orlocal level. Inmany countriesone-stop-shops forbuilding renovationexist, however, only someofthemtarget“deeprenovation”.Inaddition,theintensityoftheserviceofferedmayvaryalot,fromonlineplatformsofferingtheaboveinformationinanintegratedway,throughlocalofficesandstafffortheinformationandcoordinationactivities,toone-stop-shopsevencoordinatingconcretereno-vationworksfortheclients.Thefollowinggraphandfigurerelatetoeitherthelatterserviceintensity(Denmark,France)ortoacomprehensiveinformationplatformatnationallevel(Ireland,UK).

Figure24:DeepRenovationNetworkPlatformsofferingeitheraone-stop-shopforimplementationorforinformationatnationallevel

Deep Renovation Network Platforms offering either a one−stop−shop for implementation or for information at national level

One stop−shops for deep renovation linked to EPCs are availableOne stop−shops are unavailableInformation not foundQualDeEPC partner countries


DeepRenovationNetworkPlatformsofferingeitheraone-stop-shopforimplementationorforinformationatnationallevel

Belgium Deeprenovationprogramsexist:BEreel,Renovatiepact:However,linkagestoEPCareunclear,theprogramsgomuchfurther.

Bulgaria No.

Denmark Yes.BetterHomeisanindustry-drivenone-stop-shopmodel,whichhasprovensuccessfulinboostingdemandforholisticenergyrenovationsinDenmark,sincethemodelwaslaunchedin2014(BetterHome,n.d.).

France

Yes.Therearesomeregionalone-stop-shops.Forexample,Ile-de-FranceEnergies:Aone-stop-shopintheregionIledeFrance.Themainaimistoaccompanycondominiumsandsocialhousingorganizationsinvariousphasesofambitiousenergyrenovationprojectsandprovidingthemwithorganizational,technical,legalandfinancialengineeringservices(BenignaBoza-Kiss,PaoloBertoldi,2018;Île-de-FranceEnergies,n.d.).

Germany Yes.Notavailableatnationallevel.However,thereareanumberoflocalinformationandcoordinationofficesforinformation,advice,andcoachingondeeprenovation.

GreeceYes.IntheframeoftheRequest2Actionproject,CREShasdevelopedaHubthatprovidesawiderangeofinformationrelatedtoenergyrenovationsolutionsforbuildingstobuildingowners,tradespeople,investors,developersandpolicymakers.

Hungary No.

IrelandYes.TheSEAI(SustainableEnergyAuthorityofIreland)HomepageincludestheEPCdatabase,includesdetailedinformationonhowtogetanEPC,buildingrenovation,databases,linkstoinstallersetc,andalsoforgrants(SEAI,2017a).

Latvia No.

LuxembourgYes.Myenergyisthenationalstructureforpromotingthenationalenergytransition.TheHomepageincludesinformationforallstakeholders,providesalistofEPCassessors,showshowtogetfunding(myenergy,2020).

Sweden No.

UKYes.ServicesoftheEnergySavingTrustincludetheHomeEnergyCheckandtheHomeEnergyCheckScotland.Theyincludelotsofdetailedinformation,toolsandcalculators,financialsupport,listsofregisteredhandcrafts,databaseofenergyefficientproducts(EnergySavingTrust,2020).

Table34:DeepRenovationNetworkPlatformsofferingeitheraone-stop-shopforimplementationorforinformationatnationallevel


8 CONCLUSIONS

ThisreportfromtheQualDeEPCprojecthasexaminedthedegree,towhichEUmemberstatesandtheUKmayhavealreadyimplementedalargenumberofpotentialimprovementoptionsforenergyperformancecertificationschemes,theuseofEPCsinbuildingmarkets,andforadvancingdeepren-ovation.The results show,oncemore, thehighdiversity inEPCschemesacross theEU (cf. severalpublications of the Concerted Action on the EPBD and Arcipowska et al. 2014). They also provideusefulinformationinatleasttwodirections:1)whichimprovementoptionsarenotyetimplementedatallorinsufficientqualityinmostQualDeEPCpartnercountriesaswellasotherEUmemberstates,andcouldthereforebeinterestingcandidatesforthefurtherworkoftheQualDeEPCproject inde-velopment,testing,discussion,andpossiblyimplementationofelementsforenhancedandconverg-ingEPCschemes(tobeanalysedinTasks2.3and2.4oftheprojectatfirsthand);and2)whichcoun-tries,withinorbeyondtheQualDeEPCproject,offergoodpracticeexamplesfortheimplementationoftheseoptionsthatcouldservetoguidethedevelopmentandimplementationinothercountries(Task2.2oftheproject).


9 REFERENCES

Abela,A.(2014).EnergyCertificationofResidentialBuildingsintheMediterraneanClimate[AthesissubmittedinpartialfulfilmentoftherequirementsofNottinghamTrentUniversityforthedegreeofDoctor of Philosophy].https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8bd4/d0ed613c9189b209d574df01f3a43785f860.pdf

ADEME. (n.d.). ADEME - Web DPE (V2.1.9.12). Retrieved 7 February 2020, fromhttps://www.observatoire-dpe.fr/index.php/statistique/statDpeParEtiquette

ADENE.(n.d.-a).AcademiaADENE-CertificaçãoEnergéticadeEdifícios.AcademiaADENE.Retrieved30January2020,fromhttps://academia.adene.pt/certificacao-energetica-de-edificios/

ADENE.(n.d.-b).AcademiaADENE-PeritoQualificadoI.AcademiaADENE.Retrieved3March2020,fromhttps://academia.adene.pt/perito-qualificado-1/

ADENE.(n.d.-c).AcademiaADENE-PeritoQualificadoII.AcademiaADENE.Retrieved3March2020,fromhttps://academia.adene.pt/perito-qualificado-2/

ADENE.(n.d.-d).PesquisadeCertificados.SistemadeCertificaçãoEnergéticaDosEdifícios.Retrieved4March2020,fromhttps://www.sce.pt/pesquisa-certificados/

ADENE.(n.d.-e).PesquisadeTécnicos.SistemadeCertificaçãoEnergéticaDosEdifícios.Retrieved30January2020,fromhttps://www.sce.pt/pesquisa-de-tecnicos/

ADENE. (2019). Consumidores. Sistema de Certificação Energética Dos Edifícios.https://www.sce.pt/certificacao-energetica-de-edificios-3/consumidores/

Altmann-Mavaddat,N.,MairamTinkhof,O., Simader,G.,Arcipowska,A.,&Weatherall,D. (2015).Reportonexistingmonitoring initiativesanddatabase systems.FromDatabases toRetrofitAction:How European Countries are using Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) Database Systems.https://www.energyagency.at/fileadmin/dam/pdf/projekte/gebaeude/Report_on_existing_monitoring_initiatives_and_databases.pdf

Altmann-Mavaddat,N.,Taufratzhofer,G.,Trnka,G.,Jilek,W.,&Simader,G.(2018).Implementationof the EPBD in Austria. https://epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/outcomes-2015-2018/book-2018/countries/austria

Minimum requirements for energy performance, Pub. L. No. 68 (2012).https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/520102014001

Arcipowska,A.,Anagnostopoulos,F.,Mariottini,F.,&Kunkel,S.(2014).EnergyPerformanceCertifi-cates Across the EU. Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE). http://bpie.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Energy-Performance-Certificates-EPC-across-the-EU.-A-mapping-of-national-approaches-2014.pdf

ARNEA.(n.d.).Energycertificate.https://www.arnea.sk/energeticka-certifikacia/

Association of Energy Auditors. (n.d.). Basic information - Association of Energy Auditors. FORUMTERMOMODERNIZACJA. Retrieved 10 March 2020, from https://zae.org.pl/forum-termomodernizacja/


Association of Energy Auditors, & Association of Energy Auditors ThemeIsle. (n.d.). List of recom-mended auditors - Association of Energy Auditors. Retrieved 3 March 2020, fromhttps://zae.org.pl/lista-audytorow/

AustrianEnergyAgency.(n.d.-a).Bauen&Sanieren,klimaaktiv.Bauen&Sanieren.Retrieved27Jan-uary2020,fromhttps://www.klimaaktiv.at/service/tools/bauen_sanieren.html

AustrianEnergyAgency.(n.d.-b).EnergieausweisinÖsterreich.https://www.energyagency.at/fakten-service/verbraucherinfos/energieausweis.html

baubook GmbH. (n.d.). baubook: Ökologische Bauprodukte. Retrieved 24 January 2020, fromhttps://www.baubook.info/?SW=6&lng=2

Bekendtgørelse om Håndbog for Energikonsulenter (HB2019), Pub. L. No. BEK nr 792 (2019).https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=209918

Bekierski,D.,Gerylo,R.,Kaczorek,D.,&Perczyński,P.(2018).ImplementationoftheEPBDinPoland.https://epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/outcomes-2015-2018/book-2018/countries/poland

BenignaBoza-Kiss, PaoloBertoldi. (2018). JRC Science for PolicyReport.One-stop-shops for energyrenovations of buildings.https://e3p.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/publications/jrc113301_jrc113301_reportononestopshop_2017_v12_pubsy_science_for_policy_.pdf

Berben, J., & Ieke, K. G. (2014). Onderbouwingsmethode definitief energielabel (p. 30).https://www.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2016/03/Definitieve%20rapportage%20onderbouwing%20energielabel_0.pdf

BetterHome.(n.d.).BetterHome.www.betterhome.today

BMWi.(2015).BMWi-renovationconfigurator.https://www.sanierungskonfigurator.de/

BPIE. (2015, January). BPIE-EPCsFactsheet-2015.pdf. http://bpie.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/BPIE-EPCsFactsheet-2015.pdf

BPIE,INCDURBAN-INCERC-SucursalaINCERCBucurestiCentrulde,&PerformantaEnergeticaaCla-dirilor.(2017).Factsheet:Romania-CurrentuseofEPCsandpotentiallinkstoiBRoad.http://ibroad-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/iBROAD_CountryFactsheet_ROMANIA.pdf

BPIE,&KAPE.(2017).Factsheet:Poland-CurrentuseofEPCsandpotentiallinkstoiBRoad.BuildingsPerformanceInstituteEurope(BPIE).

Brand, K., vonManteuffel, B.,&Hermelink,A. (2019).Energy PerformanceCertificateDatabase inDenmark. Navigant. https://www.euki.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/20180827_DK_EPC_Study.pdf

BRE. (n.d.-a). Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP 2012).BREGroup. Retrieved 27 January 2020,fromhttps://www.bregroup.com/sap/standard-assessment-procedure-sap-2012/

BRE. (n.d.-b).UK’s National CalculationMethod for Non Domestic Buildings. Retrieved 27 January2020,fromhttp://www.uk-ncm.org.uk/index.jsp

BRE. (2020). Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP 2016). BRE Group.https://www.bregroup.com/sap/standard-assessment-procedure-sap-2016/

BRO. (2020). Ministry for Transport and Infrastructure - Calculation Software.https://epc.gov.mt/calculation_software


BuildingAct,(2012).https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/513122013003/consolide

BuildingRegulationOffice. (2015).FTechnicalDocumentPart1:MinimumEnergyPerformanceRe-quirementsforbuildingsinMalta.https://epc.gov.mt/legislation?l=1

Building Regulation Office. (2020a). Ministry for Transport and Infrastructure - Assessors.https://epc.gov.mt/information-assessors?l=1

BuildingRegulationOffice.(2020b).MinistryforTransportandInfrastructure-InformationabouttheCertification.https://epc.gov.mt/information-certification?l=1

CasaEficiente2020.(2020).CasaEficiente2020.https://casaeficiente2020.pt/

CertiBru. (2020). Information EPB Certificate. https://www.certibru.com/en/epb-certificate-residential-house-apartment-brussels/epb-certificate-residential-house-apartment-brussels-information#q3

Commercial Energy Ratings. (2017). Residential BER Certs - Commercial Energy Ratings.http://www.commercialenergyratings.ie/services/residential-ber-certs

Construction21.org. (n.d.). Energy Performance Certificate.https://www.construction21.org/data/sources/users/543/prispacertificat-nou.pdf

Costanzo,E.,Martino,A.,Mario,G.V.,Antinucci,M.,&Federici,A.(2018).EPBDimplementationinItaly-StatusinDecember2016.https://epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/CA-EPBD-IV-Italy-2018.pdf

CRES.(2017).Αρχική|EnergyHUBforALL.http://www.energyhubforall.eu/

Croatia real estate agency. (2020). Energy Certificate. Croatia-Estate. https://croatia-estate.com/sellers-guide-the-fastest-way-to-sell-the-property/energy-certificate/

CTI.(n.d.-a).CTIComitatoTermotecnicoItaliano-Doc.TecniciCTI.Retrieved26February2020,fromhttps://www.cti2000.it/index.php?controller=pubblicazioni&action=show&id=36358

CTI. (n.d.-b).CTIComitatoTermotecnico Italiano -VALIDAZIONESOFTWARE:VERIFICADEGLI STRU-MENTI DI CALCOLO. Retrieved 26 February 2020, fromhttps://www.cti2000.it/index.php?controller=sezioni&action=show&subid=62

Cyprus Energy Agency. (n.d.).Do youwant to save energy andmoney easily? Learn how at ener-gysavingstool.cea.org.cy|.Retrieved26February2020, fromhttp://www.cea.org.cy/en/theleis-na-exoikonomeis-energeia-kai-ch/

Danish Energy Agency. (n.d.-a). Energihåndbogen. Energihåndbogen. Retrieved 24 January 2020,fromhttp://www.hbemo.dk/

Danish Energy Agency. (n.d.-b). Find dit energimærke. Energistyrelsen. Retrieved 27 January 2020,fromhttps://sparenergi.dk/forbruger/vaerktoejer/find-dit-energimaerke

Danish Energy Agency. (2016). Energimærkning med beregnet forbrug. Energistyrelsen.https://sparenergi.dk/offentlig/bygninger/energimaerkning-af-bygninger/beregnet-forbrug

Davis, I.,Carriero,D.,Dzioubinski,O.,Foster,S.,Held,S.,Jachia,L.,Piwowarska,A.,Roll,G.,&Vasi-lyev,A.(2018).MappingofExistingEnergyEfficiencyStandardsandTechnologiesinBuildingsintheUNECE Region. https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/hlm/Meetings/2018/09_05-07_St._Petersburg/EE_Standards_in_Buildings_full_version.ENG.pdf


DeMeulenaer,M.,&Triest,K. (2018).EPBD implementation inBelgium–FlemishRegionStatus inDecember 2016. Flemish Energy Agency Organisation. https://epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/CA-EPBD-IV-Belgium-Flemish-Region-2018.pdf

DecreeofDecember13,2011amending thedecreeofOctober16,2006asamendeddefining thecriteriaforcertificationoftheskillsofnaturalpersonscarryingouttheenergyperformancediagnosisand the criteria for accreditation of certification bodies, (2018).https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000025023500&categorieLien=id

Decree on the promulgation of the Energy Act (EC-1), § No. 003-02-1 / 2014-7 (2017).https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina?urlid=201417&objava=538

Degiorgio,M.,&Barbara,C.(2018).ImplementationoftheEPBDinMalta.BuildingRegulationOffice.https://epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/outcomes-2015-2018/book-2018/countries/malta

Delorme,L.,&Cousens,M.(2015).CA3-2016-National-UK-ENGLAND-web.pdf.In2016Implementingthe Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) – Featuring country reports. ADENE.http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-UK-ENGLAND-web.pdf

Delorme, L., & Cousens,M. (2016). Implementation of the EPBD in the United Kingdom, England.Status in December 2014. http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-UK-ENGLAND-web.pdf

DepartmentforCommunitiesandLocalDevelopment.(2017).Aguidetoenergyperformancecertifi-catesfortheconstruction,saleandletofnondwellings.Improvingtheenergyefficiencyofourbuild-ings.https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/666186/A_guide_to_energy_performance_certificates_for_the_construction_sale_and_let_of_non-dwellings.pdf

DepartmentforCommunitiesandLocalGovernment.(2017).Aguidetoenergyperformance:certifi-catesforthemarketing,saleandletofdwellings|Improvingtheenergyefficiencyofourbuildings.https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/666186/A_guide_to_energy_performance_certificates_for_the_construction_sale_and_let_of_non-dwellings.pdf

DepartmentofBuildingServices,CTU.(n.d.).ČSN730331-1-NKN.ČSN730331-1-NKN.Retrieved26February2020,fromhttp://nkn.fsv.cvut.cz/tni-730331

DepartmentofBuildingServices,CTU.(2014).ČSN730331-1-NKN.EvaluationofEnergyEfficiencyofBuildings–ENB|NationalCalculationTool–NKNII.http://nkn.fsv.cvut.cz/tni-730331

Energieeinsparverordnung2014,(2014).https://enev-online.com/enev_2014_volltext/index.htm

Deutsche Bundesregierung. (2014). EnEV 2014 - Energieeinsparverordnung. https://enev-online.com/enev_2014_volltext/index.htm

Approves theaccessandexercise requirementsof theexpertactivityqualified forenergycertifica-tionand installationandmaintenance technician forbuildingsandsystems,conforming itwith thedisciplineofLawNo.9/2009,of4March,whichtransposedDirectiveNo.2005/36/EC,oftheEuro-peanParliamentandoftheCouncil,of7September2005,ontherecognitionofprofessionalqualifi-cations., Lei n.o 58/2013 (2013).https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/2013/08/15900/0492304926.pdf


DipartimentoUnitàPerL’efficienzaEnergetica.(2020).Condomini+4.0l’AppENEApergliedificicon-dominiali. https://www.efficienzaenergetica.enea.it/vi-segnaliamo/condomini-4-0-l-app-enea-per-gli-edifici-condominiali.html

Dracou,M.,Kyprianou.(2016).Qualicheckfactsheet#14(No.14).http://qualicheck-platform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/QUALICHeCK-Factsheet-14.pdf

DECREE 25/2019, of February 26, certification of the energy efficiency of buildings in theAutono-mous Community of the Basque Country, its control and registration procedure., (2019).https://www.legegunea.euskadi.eus//eli/es-pv/d/2019/02/26/25/dof/spa/html/x59-contfich/es/

Eesti Energia. (n.d.). Smart tips on how to save energy. https://www.energia.ee/en/tark-tarbimine/kokkuhoid

Encius,R.,&Baranauskas,T. (2018).EPBD implementation inLithuania -Status inDecember2016.http://epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/CA-EPBD-IV-Lithuania-2018.pdf

energeticky-certifikat.sk.(n.d.).Energetickýcertifikátbudovyjednoduchodo3dníceláSR.Retrieved29January2020,fromhttps://www.energeticky-certifikat.sk/index.php

energetskaizkaznica. (n.d.). http://energetskaizkaznica.si/nasveti/energijska-ucinkovitost-pri-novogradnjah-in-prenovi-stavb/. Retrieved 29 January 2020, fromhttp://energetskaizkaznica.si/nasveti/energijska-ucinkovitost-pri-novogradnjah-in-prenovi-stavb/

Energie Tirol. (n.d.). Energieausweis - Teil 1: Grundlagen und Gebäudehülle. Energie Tirol.https://www.energie-tirol.at/fileadmin/energie-tirol/menu_energie%20tirol/downloadcenter/Detailinfo_Energieausweis_Teil_1_web.pdf

EnergieTirol.(2019).Energieausweis »EnergieTirol.https://www.energie-tirol.at/energieausweis/

energieausweis.at. (n.d.). energieausweis.at - Energieausweiserstellung in Österreich. Retrieved 29January2020,fromhttps://www.energieausweis.at/impressum.htm

EnergieDeskundig.nl. (2019).EnergieDeskundig:allesoverhetenergielabelvoorwoningen!Energie-Deskundig.Nl. https://www.energiedeskundig.nl/energielabel-voor-woningen-uitleg/voorbeeld-definitief-energielabel-woning/

Energistyrelsen. (n.d.).Findenergimærkningskonsulent.Energistyrelsen.Retrieved29January2020,fromhttps://sparenergi.dk/forbruger/vaerktoejer/find-energimaerkningsfirma

Energy Management Act, Pub. L. No. Act No. 406/2000 Coll. (2001).https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2000-406

EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsRegulations,(2018).http://www.bro.gov.mt/

EnergySavingTrust.(n.d.-a).EnergyPerformanceCertificates.EnergySavingTrust.Retrieved29Jan-uary 2020, from https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/home-energy-efficiency/energy-performance-certificates

EnergySavingTrust. (n.d.-b).HomeEnergyCheck. EnergySavingTrust.Retrieved27 January2020,fromhttps://energysavingtrust.org.uk/resources/tools-calculators/home-energy-check

Energy Saving Trust. (n.d.-c). Home Energy Scotland loan - in detail.https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/grants-loans/home-energy-scotland-loan-detail

EnergySavingTrust.(n.d.-d).Reducemybills.EnergySavingTrust.Retrieved27January2020,fromhttps://energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/home-energy-scotland/reduce-my-bills


Energy Saving Trust. (2020). Save energy at home | Energy Saving Trust.https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/

Energy Service. (n.d.). Energy Efficiency of Buildings. Retrieved 23 January 2020, fromhttp://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/EnergySe.nsf/All/42E8174D86DF33D3C22580E200427BD2?OpenDocument

environnement.brussels. (n.d.). Le résultat du certificat PEB (p. 10).http://document.environnement.brussels/opac_css/elecfile/IF_NRJ_ResultatCertificatPEB_FR

EQUASimulationAB.(n.d.).Estonia-SimulationSoftware|EQUA.LocalizationEstonia.Retrieved23January2020,fromhttps://www.equa.se/en/ida-ice/localization/estonia

Eristeteollisuus.(n.d.).E-numbercountersforenergyefficiencysettingitem33.Retrieved28January2020, from https://www.eristeteollisuus.fi/laskurit/e-lukulaskurit-energiatehokkuusasetuksen-pykalalle-33

European Commission. (n.d.).Public EPC registers. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/content/public-epc-registers

Flemish Energy Agency. (n.d.-a). Controles en boetes.https://www.energiesparen.be/epcparticulier/controle

Flemish Energy Agency. (n.d.-b). Energieprestatiecertificaten. Retrieved 29 January 2020, fromhttps://www.energiesparen.be/energieprestatiecertificaten

FlemishEnergyAgency.(n.d.-c).InformatievoorEPC-professionelen.Retrieved30January2020,fromhttps://www.energiesparen.be/informatie-voor-epc-professionelen

FlemishEnergyAgency.(n.d.-d).PermanentevormingvoorenergiedeskundigentypeA.Retrieved30January 2020, from https://www.energiesparen.be/permanente-vorming-voor-energiedeskundigen-type-a

Flemish Energy Agency. (n.d.-e).Woonst verkopen of verhuren? EPC nodig! Retrieved 28 January2020,fromhttps://www.energiesparen.be/epcparticulier

Fourez,B.,Gilot,R.,Collard,A.,Matagne,J.-C.,Delhaye,P.,&Dorn,M.-E.(2015).ImplementationoftheEPBD inBelgium.WalloonRegion.Status inDecember2015. In2016 Implementing theEnergyPerformance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) – Featuring country reports. http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-BELGIUM-Walloon-web.pdf

Fragoso, R., & Baptista, N. (2018). Implementation of the EPBD in Portugal - 2016. https://epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/outcomes-2015-2018/book-2018/countries/portugal

Fragoso,R.,&Mateus,P.(2015).ImplementationoftheEPBDinPortugal|StatusinDecember2014.In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Featuringcountryre-ports. ADENE. http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-PORTUGAL-web.pdf

Regulationsonthemethodologyforproducingandissuingenergyperformancecertificatesforbuild-ings, (2014). https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/119788/#(energijski%C2%A0kazalniki)


Rules on themethodology for the production and issuance of energy performance certificates forbuildings, Pub. L. No. 0071-314 / 2014 (2014). https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/119788/#(energijski%C2%A0kazalniki)

Geissler,S.,Vlachos,S.,Petran,H.,&Urban-Incerc,N.(2016).EPCimplementation:statusquoanaly-sis. http://enerfund.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/D2.1_Report-on-EPC_Existing-Initiatives_Real-Estate-Market_HP.pdf

GEQ. (n.d.).Optimierung -GEQ -Energieausweis SoftwareZehentmayer SoftwareGmbH/Energie-ausweisSoftware.Retrieved29January2020,fromhttps://www.geq.at/software/optimierung/

Govaert,M.,Knipping,G.,Mortehan,Y.,Rouard,J.-H.,&Squilbin,M.(2016).ImplementationoftheEPBD in Belgium. Brussels Capital Region. Status in December 2014. http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-BELGIUM-Brussels-web.pdf

Government of Austria. (n.d.).General information about the energy performance certificate. Re-trieved 30 January 2020, fromhttps://www.oesterreich.gv.at/themen/bauen_wohnen_und_umwelt/wohnen/1/Seite.210400.html

GovernmentofIreland.(2019,September27).Anearlyzeroenergybuildings(NZEB)future–Minis-ter English reminds construction sector tobeprepared fornewbuilding regulationsonenergyeffi-ciency. Rebuilding Ireland. https://rebuildingireland.ie/news/minister-english-reminds-construction-sector-to-be-prepared-for-new-building-regulations-on-energy-efficiency/

GovernmentoftheNetherlands.(n.d.-a).BepalingsmethodeEPC|RVO.nl|Rijksdienst.Retrieved26February 2020, from https://www.rvo.nl/onderwerpen/duurzaam-ondernemen/gebouwen/wetten-en-regels/nieuwbouw/energieprestatie-epc/bepalingsmethode-epc

GovernmentoftheNetherlands.(n.d.-b).DefinitiveEnergylabel-Energylabelforhomes.Retrieved23 January 2020, fromhttps://www.energielabelvoorwoningen.nl/?cookieCheck=truehttps://www.energiedeskundig.nl/energielabel-aanvragen/energy-label/

GovernmentoftheNetherlands.(n.d.-c).EP-online.Retrieved4March2020,fromhttps://www.ep-online.nl/

GOV.UK.(n.d.-a).Approvedsoftwarefortheproductionofnon-domesticEnergyPerformanceCertifi-cates. GOV.UK. Retrieved 26 February 2020, fromhttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/department-for-communities-and-local-government-approved-software-for-the-production-of-non-domestic-energy-performance-certificates-epc

Gov.uk. (n.d.). Buying or selling your home. https://www.gov.uk/buy-sell-your-home/energy-performance-certificates

GOV.UK. (n.d.-b). Commercial energy assessor | Explore careers. Retrieved 10 March 2020, fromhttps://nationalcareers.service.gov.uk/job-profiles/commercial-energy-assessor

GOV.UK. (n.d.-c). Domestic energy assessor | Explore careers. Retrieved 10 March 2020, fromhttps://nationalcareers.service.gov.uk/JOB-PROFILES/domestic-energy-assessor

Graitec. (n.d.). EXPERT Software + Energy Certificate | GRAITEC. Retrieved 30 January 2020, fromhttps://www.graitec.pl/oprogramowanie-cad/oprogramowanie-graitec/kalkulatory-bimware/certyfikat-energetyczny


Guichet.lu.(n.d.).EineEnergieeffizienzbescheinigung(Energiepass)füreinGebäudebeantragen.Re-trieved 29 January 2020, fromhttps://guichet.public.lu/de/citoyens/logement/construction/performances-energie/demande-passeport-energetique.html

guichet.public.lu. (n.d.). Energiepass. https://guichet.public.lu/dam-assets/citoyens/de/logement/construction/performances-energie/demande-passeport-energetique/specimen-certificat-batiments-habitation-DE.pdf

Haakana,M., Laitila, P.,& Forssell, K.-M. (2015). Implementationof the EPBD in Finland. Status inDecember2014.In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Fea-turing country reports. ADENE. http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-FINLAND-web.pdf

Hadjinicolaou,N. (2015). ImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus:Status inDecember2014. In2016Implementing theEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective (EPBD)–Featuringcountry reports.A-DENE.https://www.buildup.eu/sites/default/files/content/ca3-2016-national-cyprus-web.pdf

Hadjinicolaou, N. (2016). Implementation of the EPBD in Cyprus. Concerted Action Energy Perfor-mance of Buildings. https://epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/outcomes-2015-2018/book-2018/countries/cyprus

EuropeanUnion(EnergyPerformanceofBuildings)Regulations2012,Pub.L.No.S.I.No.243/2012.Retrieved 4 March 2020, fromhttp://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2012/si/243/made/en/print?q=243&years=2012

Housing Finance and Development Center. (n.d.). Energy Certification Register - Authors - Search.Retrieved 29 January 2020, fromhttps://www.energiatodistusrekisteri.fi/public_html?s=laatijahaku_section&command=browse

Île-de-France Energies. (n.d.). Energies POSIT’IF change de nom et devient Île-de-France Energies !https://www.iledefranceenergies.fr/energies-positif-change-de-nom-et-devient-ile-de-france-energies/

IndustryandTechnologyService,MinistryofEnergy,TradeandIndustry.(2020).ProjectTitle:Spon-sorshipPlanISave-UpgradeHousing2ndAnnouncement.http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/sit/sit.nsf

IntegratedEnvironmentalSolutionsLimited.(2019).BERAssessor|VirtualEnvironmentApplications| IES. https://www.iesve.com/software/virtual-environment/applications/uk-and-ireland-regulations/ber-assessor

ITC-CNR. (n.d.). Energy Diagnosis and Certification Software of existing residential buildings. Re-trieved24January2020,fromhttp://www.docet.itc.cnr.it/

Itecons. (n.d.). Itecons. PRESENTATION OF THE ‘REH APPLICATION CALCULATION’ TOOL AND THEXML CREATION AND MANAGEMENT PLATFORM. Retrieved 29 January 2020, fromhttps://www.itecons.uc.pt/services/trainings/330

Kasperkiewicz,K.,Wall,S.,Bekiersk,D.,&Adamus,Ł.(2015).ImplementationoftheEPBDinPoland:StatusinMarch2015.In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Featuring country reports. https://www.buildup.eu/sites/default/files/content/ca3-2016-national-poland-web.pdf

klimaaktiv.(2018).BauenundSanieren.https://www.klimaaktiv.at/bauen-sanieren.html


Kommunal Kredit Public Consulting. (2019).Raus ausÖl - Bonus und Sanierungsscheck für Private2019. FAQ - Häufig stellte Fragen.https://www.umweltfoerderung.at/fileadmin/user_upload/media/umweltfoerderung/Dokumente_Private/TGS_Priv_2019/faq_sanierungsscheck2019.pdf

Kurnitski, J. (2019). NZEB in Estonia, New Buildings and Major Renovation. https://www.ahk-balt.org/fileadmin/AHK_Baltikum/user_upload/8._Jarek_Kurnitski_-_Nearly_zero_energy_buildings_in_Estonia__new_buildings_and_major_renovation.pptx

Kuusk,K.,&Tali,M. (2015). Implementationof theEPBD inEstonia|Status inDecember2014. In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Featuringcountryreports.ADENE.http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-ESTONIA-web.pdf

Kuusk,K.,Tali,M.,&Riina,T.(2016).ImplementationoftheEPBDinEstonia.https://epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/outcomes-2015-2018/book-2018/countries/estonia

Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. (2017). Wohnen.https://guichet.public.lu/de/citoyens/logement/construction/performances-energie/certificat-lenoz.html

Loncour,X.,Heijmans,N.,&Mees,C.(2016).Qualicheckfactsheet#23 (No.23).http://qualicheck-platform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/QUALICHeCK-Factsheet-23.pdf

maatwerkadviesvoorwoningen,&FEDEC.(n.d.).Zoekeenmaatwerkadviesbureau.Maatwerkadviesvoor woningen. Retrieved 30 January 2020, fromhttp://www.maatwerkadviesvoorwoningen.nl/zoek-een-maatwerkadviesbureau

Marđetko-Škoro,N.(2015).ImplementationoftheEPBDinCroatia-StatusDecember2014.In2016Implementing theEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective (EPBD)–Featuringcountry reports.A-DENE.https://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-CROATIA-web.pdf

Maul,L.,&Wohlschak,M.(2016).“Statusontheground”-Austria|AssessmentofEPCinputdatabased on recalculation and on-site validation | New field study/2016 (p. 11). http://qualicheck-platform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/QUALICHeCK-Field-study-Austria.pdf

Meškauskienė,E.,Česonienė,N.,Taparavičiūtė,L.,Encius,R.,Abrutis,V.,Jagminienė,B.,&Pliuskuvi-enė,E. (2015). Implementationof theEPBD in Lithuania: Status inDecember2014. In2016 Imple-menting theEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective (EPBD)–Featuringcountry reports.ADENE.https://www.buildup.eu/sites/default/files/content/ca3-2016-national-lithuania-web.pdf

MilieuCentraal.(n.d.-a).Energieneutralewoning.MilieuCentraal.Nl.Retrieved29January2020,fromhttps://www.milieucentraal.nl/energie-besparen/energiezuinig-huis/energieneutrale-woning/

Milieu Centraal. (n.d.-b). Verbeterjehuis - Milieu Centraal. Retrieved 27 January 2020, fromhttps://www.verbeterjehuis.nl/

Methodology for calculation of energy performance of a building, (2019).https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/118012019012

Format and procedure of issuance of energy performance certificates – Riigi Teataja, (2014).https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/527102014001/consolide

RegulationoftheMinisterofInfrastructureandDevelopmentof27February2015onthemethodol-ogyfordeterminingtheenergyperformanceofabuildingorpartofabuilding,andenergyperfor-


mance certificates. Retrieved 30 January 2020, fromhttp://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20150000376

Ministère de la Tranisition écologique et solidaire. (2018). DPE en cas de vente.https://www.ecologique-solidaire.gouv.fr/diagnostic-performance-energetique-dpe#e4

Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire. (n.d.).Diagnostic de performance énergétique -DPE. Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire. Retrieved 23 January 2020, fromhttp://www.ecologique-solidaire.gouv.fr/diagnostic-performance-energetique-dpe

MinisterievanBinnenlandseZakenenKoninkrijksrelaties.(2015,February4).EPCsforhomeowners-Energy performance certificates for homes and buildings - Government.nl [Onderwerp].https://www.government.nl/topics/energy-performance-certificates-for-homes-and-buildings/epcs-for-homeowners

MinistryforEcologicalTransitionandDemographicChallenge.(n.d.).Proceduresforbuildingcertifi-cation. Retrieved 2 March 2020, fromhttps://energia.gob.es/desarrollo/EficienciaEnergetica/CertificacionEnergetica/DocumentosReconocidos/Paginas/procedimientos-certificacion-proyecto-terminados.aspx

MinistryofConstructionandPhysicalPlanning. (n.d.).Requirementsprescribed fornaturalpersons.Mgipu.Gov.Hr. Retrieved 30 January 2020, from https://mgipu.gov.hr/naslovna-blokovi-133/about-the-ministry-139/scope-of-the-ministry/energy-efficiency-in-the-buildings-sector/authorized-persons-8674/requirements-prescribed-for-natural-persons-8677/8677

Ordinance on energy auditing of buildings and energy certification, (2017). https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/full/2017_09_88_2093.html

Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning, Republic of Croatia. (2020). Authorized persons.Mgipu.Gov.Hr. https://mgipu.gov.hr/about-the-ministry-139/scope-of-the-ministry/energy-efficiency-in-the-buildings-sector/authorized-persons-8674/8674

MinistryofEcology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandtheSea.(n.d.).Homepage[Onlinedirecto-ry of certified real estate diagnosticians]. Retrieved 29 January 2020, fromhttp://diagnostiqueurs.din.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/index.action

MinistryofEconomicAffairsandCommunications.(n.d.-a).Energyperformanceofbuildings|Minis-try of Economic Affairs and Communications. Retrieved 30 January 2020, fromhttps://www.mkm.ee/en/objectives-activities/construction-and-housing-sector/energy-performance-buildings

MinistryofEconomicAffairsandCommunications.(n.d.-b).majandustegevuseregister.Retrieved29January2020,fromhttps://mtr.mkm.ee/juriidiline_isik

MinistryofEconomicDevelopment.(n.d.).AppendiceB-FormatdiAttestatodiPrestazioneEnergeti-ca(APE).https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/normativa/DM_Linee_guida_APE_appendiceB.pdf

MinistryofEnergy,CommerceandIndustry.(n.d.).POINTOFSINGLECONTACT|AssessingtheEner-gy Performance of Buildings. Retrieved 30 January 2020, fromhttp://www.businessincyprus.gov.cy/mcit/psc/psc.nsf/All/3503ac7577b079b8c225785600414c05?OpenDocument#_Section2

Ministry of Energy, Commerce and Industry - Energy Service. (2020).Register ofQualified Experts.https://epc.mcit.gov.cy/QE.html


Orderonenergylabelingofbuildings,Pub.L.No.BEKNo.1392of22/11/2016Historic.Retrieved30January 2020, from https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=185076#id5cfe1e45-0536-47b9-a115-a9cba8517721

Energy performance of buildings. Energy Performance Certification, (2005). https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.268553

MinistryofHousing,CommunitiesandLocalGovernment.(n.d.).EPCRegister.Retrieved30January2020,fromhttps://www.epcregister.com/searchAssessor.html

Ministry of Industry and Trade. (2018). List of energy services providers | MPO.https://www.mpo.cz/en/energy/energy-efficiency/energy-services/list-of-energy-services-providers--238856/

MinistryofInfrastructure.(n.d.).PortalEnergetika-Registerneodvisnihstrokovnjakovinizdajateljevenergetskih izkaznic. Retrieved 30 January 2020, from https://www.energetika-portal.si/podrocja/energetika/energetske-izkaznice-stavb/register-strokovnjaki-izdajatelji/

MinistryofInfrastructureandConstruction.(n.d.).Wykazy-SystemRejestrów.Retrieved30January2020,fromhttps://rejestrcheb.miir.gov.pl/wykazy

Ministry of Public Works, Development and Administration. (2018). Energy auditors.https://www.mdrap.ro/constructii/atestari-tehnico-profesionale/-5742

Ministry of the Ecological and Inclusive Transition. (n.d.).Diagnostic de performance énergétique -DPE. Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire. Retrieved 28 January 2020, fromhttp://www.ecologique-solidaire.gouv.fr/diagnostic-performance-energetique-dpe

ImplementingActno.555/2005Coll.ontheenergyperformanceofbuildingsandonamendmentstocertain acts, as amended, (2012). https://www.slov-lex.sk/static/pdf/2012/364/ZZ_2012_364_20170101.pdf

MODECSOFT Ltd. (2020). ECO-Engine - Energy BuildingModeling and Certification. ECO-ENGINE –ENERGYBUILDINGMODELINGANDCERTIFICATION.http://www.modecsoft.com/site/eco-engine/

Moneta, R., Varalda, G.M., Antinucci,M., Ragazzi, F., & Avella, G. (2015). Implementation of theEPBC in Italy:StatusnDecember2014. In2016 Implementing theEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective (EPBD) – Featuring country reports. ADENE. https://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-ITALY-web.pdf

Motiva Oy. (n.d.-a). Energiatodistusten laatijat. Motiva. Retrieved 3 March 2020, fromhttps://www.motiva.fi/ratkaisut/energiatodistusneuvonta/energiatodistusten_laatijat

Motiva Oy. (n.d.-b). Energiatodistusten laskentaohjeet 2018. Energiatodistusten laskentaohjeet2018Motiva. Retrieved 28 January 2020, fromhttps://www.motiva.fi/ratkaisut/energiatodistusneuvonta/energiatodistusten_laatijat/energiatodistusten_laskentaohjeet_2018

Motiva Oy. (n.d.-c). Energy Performance Certificate.https://www.motiva.fi/en/home_and_household/housing_companies/energy_performance_certificate

Motiva Oy. (n.d.-d). Mikä on energiatodistus? Motiva. Retrieved 28 January 2020, fromhttps://www.motiva.fi/ratkaisut/energiatodistusneuvonta/mika_on_energiatodistus


Mudgal,S.,Lyons,L.,Cohen,F.,Lyons,R.,&Fedrigo-Fazio,D.(2013).EnergyperformancecertificatesinbuildingsandtheirimpactontransactionpricesandrentsinselectedEUcountries.

myenergy. (2020). Le certificat de performance énergétique pour bâtiments. Myenergy.https://www.myenergy.lu/fr/particuliers/lois-et-reglements/passeport-energetique

myenergy Luxembourg. (n.d.). Energy pass simulator. Retrieved 27 January 2020, fromhttp://eps-myenergy.lu/

Federal Act on the Obligation to Present an Energy Performance Certificate for the Sale and In-Handover of Buildings andObjects ofUse (Energy PerformanceAct PresentationAct 2012 - EAVG2012), (2012).https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007799

ActonBuildingEnergyCertification,(2013).http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2013/20130050

Notaires de France. (2020). Property surveys in France for selling.https://www.notaires.fr/en/property-surveys

OIB.(2015).OIB-Richtline6.https://www.oib.or.at/sites/default/files/richtlinie_6_26.03.15.pdf

Petran,H.,Petcu,C.,&Mladin,E.-C.(2017).Qualicheck|Romania|AssessmentofQualityandCom-pliance in theCertificationof Energy Performanceof Buildings -New field study/2016 [Qualicheck].National Institute for Research andDevelopment in Construction, Urban Planning and SustainableSpatial Development “URBAN-INCERC. http://qualicheck-platform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/QUALICHeCK-Field-study-Romania.pdf

Reding, G., & Flies, D. (2014). EPBD implementation in Luxembourg: Status at the end of 2012.https://www.buildup.eu/sites/default/files/content/CA3-National-2012-Luxembourg-ei.pdf

Reding,G.,Flies,D.,&Trauffler,M.(2015).ImplementationoftheEPBDinLuxembourg.StatusinJuly2015.In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Featuringcoun-try reports. ADENE. http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-LUXEMBOURG-web.pdf

Reding,G.,Flies,D.,Trauffler,M.,&Sijaric,D.(2018).EPBDimplementationinLuxembourg-StatusinDecember 2016. https://epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/CA-EPBD-IV-Luxembourg-2018.pdf

RentalCal. (n.d.-a). CZ - Czech republic. RentalCal. Retrieved 27 January 2020, fromhttp://www.rentalcal.eu/Default.aspx?ID=3375

RentalCal. (n.d.-b). DE - Germany. RentalCal. Retrieved 27 January 2020, fromhttp://www.rentalcal.eu/Default.aspx?ID=3376

RentalCal. (n.d.-c). DK - Denmark. RentalCal. Retrieved 26 February 2020, fromhttp://www.rentalcal.eu/Default.aspx?ID=3377

RentalCal. (n.d.-d). FR - France. RentalCal. Retrieved 27 January 2020, fromhttp://www.rentalcal.eu/Default.aspx?ID=3379

RentalCal. (n.d.-e). NL - The Netherlands. RentalCal. Retrieved 27 January 2020, fromhttp://www.rentalcal.eu/Default.aspx?ID=3380


RentalCal. (n.d.-f). PL - Poland. RentalCal. Retrieved 27 January 2020, fromhttp://www.rentalcal.eu/Default.aspx?ID=3381

RentalCal. (n.d.-g). UK - United Kingdom. Retrieved 26 February 2020, fromhttp://www.rentalcal.eu/uk-united-kingdom

Roger,M.-C.,Remesy,R.,&Meanager,Y.(2014).EPBDimplementationinFrance:Statusattheendof2012.https://www.buildup.eu/sites/default/files/content/CA3-National-2012-France-ei.pdf

Roger,M.-C.,Rezai,N.,&LeGuen,S. (2015). Implementationof theEPBD inFrance:Status inDe-cember2014.In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Featur-ing country reports. ADENE. https://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-FRANCE-web.pdf

RoyalDecree235/2013approvingthebasicprocedureforthecertificationoftheenergyefficiencyofbuildings,(2013).https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2013-3904

RVO.(n.d.-a).Energieadviseurutiliteitsbouw|RVO.nl|Rijksdienst.Retrieved30January2020,fromhttps://www.rvo.nl/onderwerpen/duurzaam-ondernemen/gebouwen/opleiding-advies-en-certificering/energieadviseur-utiliteitsbouw

RVO.(n.d.-b).Energieadviseurwoningbouw|RVO.nl|Rijksdienst.Retrieved30January2020,fromhttps://www.rvo.nl/onderwerpen/duurzaam-ondernemen/gebouwen/opleiding-advies-en-certificering/energieadviseur-woningbouw

RVO. (n.d.-c). Energieprestatie (EPC) | RVO.nl | Rijksdienst. Retrieved 29 January 2020, fromhttps://www.rvo.nl/onderwerpen/duurzaam-ondernemen/gebouwen/wetten-en-regels/nieuwbouw/energieprestatie-epc

Šance pro budovy. (2018). Průkazy energetické náročnosti budov. Šance pro budovy.https://sanceprobudovy.cz/prukazy-energeticke-narocnosti/

SEAI. (n.d.-a). A Guide to Building Energy Rating for Homeowners.https://www.seai.ie/publications/Your-Guide-to-Building-Energy-Rating.pdf

SEAI.(n.d.-b).BERAssessor.SustainableEnergyAuthorityOfIreland.Retrieved30January2020,fromhttps://www.seai.ie/register-with-seai/ber-assessor/

SEAI. (n.d.-c). Grants. Sustainable Energy Authority Of Ireland. Retrieved 28 January 2020, fromhttps://www.seai.ie/grants/

SEAI.(n.d.-d).NationalBERRegister.https://ndber.seai.ie/pass/ber/search.aspx

SEAI.(n.d.-e).NEAPResources.SustainableEnergyAuthorityOfIreland.Retrieved26February2020,fromhttps://www.seai.ie/grants/supports-for-contractors/neap/index.xml

SEAI.(n.d.-f).Retrieved5March2020,fromhttps://renewables.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html

SEAI. (n.d.-g). SEAI BER Public Search. Retrieved 5 February 2020, fromhttps://ndber.seai.ie/BERResearchTool/ber/search.aspx

SEAI. (n.d.-h). SEAI Public Assessor Search. Retrieved 29 January 2020, fromhttps://ndber.seai.ie/PASS/Assessors/Search.aspx

SEAI.(n.d.-i).SupportforBERAssessors.SustainableEnergyAuthorityOfIreland.Retrieved23Janu-ary 2020, from https://www.seai.ie/home-energy/building-energy-rating-ber/support-for-ber-assessors/


SEAI.(n.d.-j).Tools&Calculators|SEAI.Retrieved5February2020,fromhttps://www.seai.ie/tools/

SEAI. (2013). BER Advertising Requirements Guidelines. https://www.seai.ie/publications/BER-Advertising-Guidelines-Issue-2-.pdf

SEAI. (2016). Quality Assurance System and Disciplinary Procedure.https://www.seai.ie/publications/Quality-Assurance-System-and-Disciplinary-Procedure-New.pdf

SEAI.(2017a).Home.SustainableEnergyAuthorityOfIreland.https://www.seai.ie/

SEAI. (2017b). Improve a BER. Sustainable EnergyAuthorityOf Ireland. https://www.seai.ie/home-energy/building-energy-rating-ber/improve-a-ber-rating/index.xml

SEAI.(2018).BuildingEnergyRating(BER)AssessorsandDisplayEnergyCertificate(DEC)Assessors-CodeofPractice.https://www.seai.ie/publications/BER-Assessor-Code-of-Practice.pdf

SEAI. (2019a). Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure (DEAP) Survey Guide (3.0; p. 23).https://www.seai.ie/publications/DEAP-Survey-Guide-Version-3.0.pdf

SEAI.(2019b).NEAPSurveyGuideV1_2(p.127).SustainableEnergyAuthorityofIreland.

Šijanec,M. Z., & Potočar, E. (2015). Implementation of the EPBD in Slovenia: Status in December2015.In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Featuringcoun-try reports. ADENE. http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-SLOVENIA-web.pdf

Škoro, N. M. (2018). EPBD implementation in Croatia Status in December 2016. http://epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/CA-EPBD-IV-Croatia-2018.pdf

SlovakChamberofCivilEngineers.(2020).SearchSKSI.https://verejnyportal.sksi.sk/search

SPSC. (2020a). Certificates of experts for certification of the energy performance of buildings.https://www.spsc.lt/cms/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=299

SPSC. (2020b). Energy performance certificates for buildings.https://www.spsc.lt/cms/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=288&lang=lt

SSE. (2020). Energy certificates for apartments and family houses SSE.https://www.sse.sk/domacnosti/energeticky-certifikat?page_id=656

StateBureauofConstructionControl. (n.d.).Registerof independentexpertson theenergyperfor-manceofbuildings.Retrieved29January2020,fromhttps://bis.gov.lv/bisp/lv/expert_certificates

Statens Byggeforskningsinstitut. (n.d.). IT tools. Retrieved 6 February 2020, from https://sbi.dk/it-vaerktoejer/Pages/Start.aspx

Sternova,Z.,Bendzalova,J.,&Magyar,J.(2015).ImplementationoftheEPBDintheSlovakRepublic.Status in December 2014. In 2016 Implementing the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive(EPBD) – Featuring country reports. ADENE. http://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-SLOVAK-web.pdf

Sternova,Z.,&Magyar,J.(2018).EPBDimplementationintheSlovakRepublic-StatusinDecember2016.https://epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/CA-EPBD-IV-Slovak-Republic-2018.pdf

Sutter, C.,&Geissler, S. (2016).Qualicheck fact sheet #43 (No. 43; p. 1). baubookGmbH,OEGNB.http://qualicheck-platform.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/QUALICHeCK-Factsheet-43.pdf


Svoboda, V. (2016). Implementation of the EPBC in the Czech Republic. https://epbd-ca.eu/ca-outcomes/outcomes-2015-2018/book-2018/countries/czech-republic

Svoboda,V.,Pejter,J.,Kabele,K.,&Tywoniak,J.(2015).ImplementationoftheEPBDinCzechRepub-lic: Status inDecember2014. In2016 Implementing the EnergyPerformanceof BuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Featuringcountryreports.ADENE.https://www.buildup.eu/sites/default/files/content/ca3-2016-national-czech-web.pdf

Tailin University of Technology. (n.d.). Tellimisel koolitused. Retrieved 30 January 2020, fromhttps://www.ttu.ee/taiendusoppijale/koolituskalender/koolituste-tellimine/

Tenea, D., Simion, A., Bontea,M., Cotescu, D., Stamatiade, C., Catruna, A.-M., Parvanus, A.M., &Iliescu, C. (2018). EPBC implemenation in Romania: Status in December 2016, revision 2018.https://epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/CA-EPBD-IV-Romania-2018.pdf

Tenea,D.,Stamatiade,C.,Simion,A.,&Bontea,M.(2015).ImplementationoftheEPBDinRomania-Status in July 2015. In2016 Implementing the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) –Featuring country reports”. ADENE. https://www.buildup.eu/sites/default/files/content/ca3-2016-national-romania-web.pdf

Thomsen,K.E.,Wittchen,K.B.,Ostertag,B.,Severinsen,R.,Palm, J.,Hartung,T.,&Varming,N.B.(2018). EPBC implementation in Denmark - Status in December 2016. http://epbd-ca.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/CA-EPBD-IV-Denmark-2018.pdf

Thomsen,K. E.,Wittchen,K.B.,Ostertag,B.,Varming,N.B., Egesberg, L. T.,&Hartung, T. (2015).ImplementationoftheEPBDinDenmark:StatusinDecember2014.In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformance of BuildingsDirective (EPBD) – Featuring country reports. ADENE. https://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-DENMARK-web.pdf

Decree of theMinistry of the Environment on the energy certificate for the building, Pub. L. No.1048/2017(2017).https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2017/20171048

vanEck,H. (2015). Implementationof theEPBD in theNetherlands - Status inNovember2015. In2016ImplementingtheEnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective(EPBD)–Featuringcountryreports.ADENE.https://www.epbd-ca.eu/outcomes/2011-2015/CA3-2016-National-NETHERLANDS-web.pdf

WallonieenergieSPW.(n.d.-a).LeLogicielPEB(Version10.5).SiteÉnergieDuServicePublicdeWal-lonie.Retrieved27January2020,fromhttps://energie.wallonie.be/fr/logiciel-peb.html?IDC=9596

WallonieenergieSPW.(n.d.-b).Quelles informationsdans lecertificatPEB ?SiteénergieduServicePublic de Wallonie. Retrieved 28 January 2020, from https://energie.wallonie.be/fr/quelles-informations-dans-le-certificat-peb.html?IDC=8780&IDD=50688

Wirtschaftskammer Österreich (WKO). (2019). Energieausweis im Vertragsrecht.https://www.wko.at/service/wirtschaftsrecht-gewerberecht/Energieausweis-im-Vertragsrecht.html

Xichilos,C.,&Hadjinicolaou,N.(2011). ImplementationoftheEPBDinCyprus-StatusinNovember2010(p.11).https://www.buildup.eu/sites/default/files/Cyprus.pdf

ZEUS.(n.d.).Energieausweis-Prüfung.https://www.energieausweise.net/energieausweis-pruefung


10 ANNEXI

ThecurrentstatusofEPCprocessesandimplementationacrossEUmemberstatesissummarizedinfivekeysections,addressingthevariouspotentialEPCelementsofanenhancedandconvergingEPCscheme,asshownbelow:

• Assessmentandcertification• Requirementsforqualifiedexperts• Independentcontrolsystems• UseofEPCdata,includinginwiderbuilding-relateddatabases• HowareEPCsembeddedinwiderpoliciesandpublicactivitiestostimulatedeeprenovation?

Theresultsofthesefivesectionsaresummarizedinthefiguresbelow.

QualDeEPCproject(847100) Page118of120

D2.1ReportonlocalEPCsituationandcross-countrycomparisonmatrix Version2,24/03/20

Figure25:CurrentstatusofassessmentandcertificationofEPCsinEUmemberstates

QualDeEPC partner countries Other Member States

Official or certified EPCSoftware to ensure quality

and comparability ofassessments

EPC Software: default valuesor validity ranges for input

prameters

Online tool for comparing EPCrecommendations to deep

energy renovationrecommendations

On−site inspection during EPCassessment

High user−friendliness of theEPC

Improving the renovationrecommendations towards deep

renovation

Compliance between EPC ratingand operational rating

EPC for new buildingscompatible with NZEB

requirements

Updating of EPCs

EPC calculation procedure inadherence with new CEN OAS

standardBG DE EL ES HU LV SE AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI FR HR IE IT LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SI SK UK

Certification mechanism or validation procedure for softwareprovided by private vendors is available

Software solutions provided by private vendors are available

Single, mandatory software or at least an official software isavailable

Alternative calculation methods for determining input values,other than the default values, are available

Validity ranges for input data are available (or multiple valuescan be chosen from the available default values)

Practical default values for input data are available

Online tool on energy efficiency renovations is available

Online tool that compares energy consumption as per EPC withmarket average/typical buildings is available

On−site inspection is voluntary

On−site inspection is mandatory for some buildings (e.g.,existing/new/residential/non−residential/public)

On−site inspection is mandatory for all buildings

EPC rating and recommendations as well as potential energy (andcost) savings and benefits are presented

EPC rating and recommendations are presented

Recommendations on EPCs include links for further information andfinancial support

Summary of recommendations and (if possible) energy savings isprovided on the first pages of the EPC (instead of in the deailed

report or the Annex)

Assessment software tools include high quality and high energyefficiency options for renovation recommendations

Requirements in force and/or guidance available to produce therenovation recommendations in a way to become the first step

towards individual buildings deep renovation passports/roadmaps

EPC rating for new buildings is based on calculated energyconsumption (known as asset rating)

Existing EPC scheme for new buildings is compatible with(national) NZEB requirements

Provision for updating of EPCs is available

New CEN OAS standards are considered/being considered to beincluded in EPC calculation procedures

Member States

EPC

elem

ents

and

opt

ions

Yes No Information not found

Current status of assessment and certification of EPCs in EU Member States





Registry of EPC assessors

Regular mandatory EPCassessor training on

assessment andrecommendations required for

certification and registry

Eligibility requirements(pre−qualification) for EPC

assessor certification

Updating EPC assessoraccreditation

Regular events and workshopson innovative solutions for

deep renovationBG DE EL ES HU LV SE AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI FR HR IE IT LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SI SK UK

An unofficial and/or commercial registry of EPC assessors isavailable

An official registry of EPC assessors is available

Periodic training is mandatory for maintaining certificationand registration as EPC assessor after validity period of

certification

Mandatory training on assessment and recommendations is requiredfor obtaining certification and registration as EPC assessor for

the first time

Eligibility requirements for EPC assessor certification are inplace

Periodic verification, through an examination, is mandatory

Regular events and workshops are conducted by national EPC bodyor other such professional chambers

Member States

EPC

elem

ents

and

opt

ions


Current status of requirements for qualified experts in EU Member States


Quality control of both EPCsand assessors

Performing automaticvalidity/quality check of EPC

assessments

Achieving C or or C* levelcontrol of EPC assessmentsfor the sample according to

the EPBD

Reporting of errors in EPCassessments from controls for

learning

Sanctions and penalisationfor EPC assessors

Channelling revenues fromsanctions for enhancing EPC

schemesBG DE EL ES HU LV SE AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI FR HR IE IT LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SI SK UK

Quality control of assessors

Quality control of EPCs

Automatic validity/quality check of EPC assessments isimplemented

Both C and C* level control are achieved

C* level control according to EPBD for the sample is achieved

C level control according to EPBD for the sample is achieved

A central databse is available for reporting errors or faultyprocedures from EPC assessments, identified during controls, for

analysis and learning

A distinction between fraud and negligence is made

Differentiated and staged sanctions for EPC issuers in case ofpoor quality assessments or recommendations are in place

Monetary gains from sanctions are channeled for enhancing the EPCschemes

Member States

EPC

elem

ents

and

opt

ions


Current status of independent control systems for EPCs in EU Member States





Mandatory presentation of EPCduring sale and rental of

buildings

Sanctions for building ownerswith missing EPCs

Presenting EPC to officialbuilding sales bodies (i.e.

notaries, etc.) as anobligatory/mandatory measure

Advertising guidelines forpresenting EPCs in

real−estate ads during saleand rental

Controlling and enforcing themandatory use of EPCs in real

estate advertisements

Public database of EPCs

Linking EPC database to otherbuildings− or energy−related

databases

BG DE EL ES HU LV SE AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI FR HR IE IT LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SI SK UK

EPBD has been transposed, so that national law mandates that EPCis displayed in the sale or rental process of a building

Rewards for EPC compliance are available to building owners

Sanctions for building owners missing to obtain / present an EPCare in place

Presentation of EPCs to official building sales bodies, such asnotaries, is mandatory for sales of buildings

Advertisement guidelines for EPCs are available

Legal requirement to present EPCs in advertisements is notcontrolled and enforced

Legal requirement to present EPC, or at least the EPC rating andkey values in advertisements is controlled and enforced

Limited (or non...public) access database of EPC ratings isavailable

Public access database of EPC ratings is available

Links to other− or energy−related databases are present

Member States

EPC

elem

ents

and

opt

ions


Current status of use of EPCs and their data in EU Member States, including in wider buildings−related databases


Linking EPCs and renovationrecommendations to detailed

energy audits

Monitoring implementation ofrecommendations given in the

EPCs

Linking EPCs to financialincentive schemes

Creating Deep RenovationNetwork Platforms

BG DE EL ES HU LV SE AT BE CY CZ DK EE FI FR HR IE IT LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SI SK UK

EPCs and renovation recommendations are linked to detailed energyaudits

Mechanism for monitoring implementation of recommendations givenin the EPCs is available

Asset rating EPCs are mandatory before and after renovation forfinancial incentive/financing schemes

One stop−shops for deep renovation linked to EPCs are available

Member States

EPC

elem

ents

and

opt

ions


Current status of embedding EPCs in wider policies and public activities to stimulate deep renovation in EU Member States

D2.1 Report on local EPC situation and cross country ...€¦ · QualDeEPC project (847100) Page...

Documents

Transcript of D2.1 Report on local EPC situation and cross country ...€¦ · QualDeEPC project (847100) Page...