D Animal Bioethics.doc

8/21/2019 D Animal Bioethics.doc

1/37

Animal Bioethics

Prepared

by 5th years student under supervision of

Dr. Sumaia Abukashawa.2007

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Ensure that animals receive correct treatment andare not subjected to unnecessary pain and suffering.

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1. All persons wishing to conductexperimentation involving animals, which is

covered by the Regulation, must obtainpermission from the authority or from a persondelegated by the Authority.

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. !he authority may set general and"or specificconditions for permission.


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#. Animal experiments, with the exception of

field experiments, may only be carried out infacilities approved by the Authority. $houldspecial situations exist, the %ational AnimalResearch Authority may allow conduction ofthe experiment in the absence of the specifiedfacilities.

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se embryos in research re'uiredpermission to be given by the parents ofthe embryos.

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wo "e3a)ate tea" o Ha)a){ "+ienti"t" a)e3)e3a)ing to 3)o{X+e +!one{ e)zo" o){i"ea"e )e"ea)+, an{ one ,a" oi+ia!!z a33!ie{

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on{on ng!an{Gieew"Y+o -- ,)eetea" o )iti", "+ienti"t",ae "Xitte{ a33!i+ation"

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,i!{)en: are persons who have not attained thelegal age for consent to treatments or proceduresinvolved in the research, under applicable law ofthe jurisdiction in which the research will be

conducted. 7enerally the law considers any personunder 12 years old to be a child^T8&9;; ?@B CD; FB =GH >; ;IJIKLM N> OM?>; PB Q; :

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ust consider the potential benefits and ris(s. /n assessing the ris(s and potential benefits,we should consider the circumstances of the

children to be enrolled in the studyforexample their health status, age, and ability tounderstand what is involved in the researchaswell as potential benefits to subjects, otherchildren with the same disease or condition, orsociety as a whole.

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*rovide additional protection for the childrenwho would be involved in the research.

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iscomforts of the research to children andassess the justification for their inclusion in theresearch.

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Research not involving greaterthan minimal risk to the children:

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The assent of the children and the

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Research involving greater thanminimal risk but presenting theprospect of direct benefit to the

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individual child subjects involvedin the research:

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The risk is ustified by theanticipated benefits to thesubects! the relation of theanticipated benefit to the risk

presented by the study is at leastas favorable to the subects as thatprovided by available alternativeapproaches.

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C$. the assent of the children and the

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Research involving greater thanminimal risk and no prospect ofdirect benefit to the individual child

subjects involved in the research,but likely to yield generalizable

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knoledge about the subject!sdisorder or condition.

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"the risk of the research represents a

minor increase over minimal risk#! theintervention or procedure presentsexperiences to the child subects thatare reasonably commensurate with

those inherent in their actual, orexpected medical, dental, psychological,

social, or educational situations!

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the assent of the children and the

permission of their parents or guardians

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Research presents a reasonableopportunity to further the

understanding, prevention, or

alleviation of a serious problem

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affecting the health or elfare ofchildren.

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$onsulting with a panel of experts in

pertinent disciplines "e.g., science,medicine, education, ethics, and law#

and following an opportunity for publicreview and comment.

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&dequate provisions are made for

soliciting the assent of children and thepermission of their parents or

guardians.

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A qhuman subject is a living individual aboutwhom an investigator obtains either G$datathrough intervention or interaction with theindividual, or Gidentifiable private information1.egal re'uirements to protect human subjects applyto a much broader range of research than manyinvestigators reali-e, and researchers using humantissue specimens are often unsure about howregulations apply to their research. egal

obligations to protect human subjects apply~ A?4% F~C.B O6 ~

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o{i!z ate)ia!", such as cells, blood or urine,tissues, organs, hair or nail clippings, even ifyou did not collect these materials

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]f| ()iate ino)ation, such as medical

information that can be readily identified withindividuals, even if the information was notspecifically collected for the study in 'uestion.Research on cell lines or %A samples thatcan be associated with individuals falls intothis category.

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in order to carry out your research. $omeinstitutions have re'uirements that exceed those ofthe )ederal regulations. /f you have any 'uestion or

uncertainty about whether you need /R approval,you should as( your /R office for clarification

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btain permissions from the patient explicitwritten permission.

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,e {oe"ti+ ania!" a)e: population of animalsmust have theirbehavior, life cycle, as a result of

being under human control for many generations.!he term also includes the germ cells, embryos

and fertile ova of such animals

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The wild animals are:ild animals andvegetation, especially animals living in a natural,undomesticated state.

ild animals examples: including mollus(,crustaceans, a'uatic insects, fish, reptiles,amphibians, wild birds, and all other wildmammals.

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#/ndividuals, organi-ations and institutionswilling for private commercial farming of the wildanimal with the objective of supporting wild animalconservation shall obtain permission from the

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1.$cientific ollecting *ermit is re'uired lowsay: any person desiring to collect wild animalsthat are protected by law or their nest or eggs for

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.A permit re'uired in addition to the statepermit for collection of migratory birds orprotected species. *ersons wishing to obtain a$cientific ollecting *ermit must complete the

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+.!he applicant for a $cientific ollecting*ermit must submit a completed application tothe ivision of ildlife before starting the

activity. !he application must outline in detailthe species, locations, 'uantity and collectionmethods to be used.

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1.A college, university, high school, junior highor elementary school as an educator, researcher,student, masters or doctoral candidate.

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provide guidelines for determining 'ualificationsfor the issuance of Education *ermits:

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!hese include laboratory, agricultural, companionanimals and wildlife Australian code of practice forthe care and use of animals for scientific purposesthe code and the %ational )ramewor( for the

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development of Ethical *rinciples in 7ene!echnology.

!he guidelines have been produced by the %ational

ealth and edical Research ouncils%R$, Animal elfare ommittee A asintroductory material to assist investigators.

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Each project must use more than the minimum number

of animal necessary to ensure scientific validity.

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Example:

!he office of technology assessment estimates that12# million animals are used in the nited states forresearch every year. !he vast majority of these about5 are rats and mice specifically bred for research./n 666, there were 05,10 dogs and ,06 cats usedin research. y comparison , wildlife biologistsestimate that over one million animals are (illed every

day by automobiles over #0 million per year. ogs, cats, and nonhuman primates combinedaccount for less than #"+ of a percent of the total andtheir numbers has been declining for nearly #6 years.!he number of dogs used in biomedical research hasdeclined 02 since 152#, and the number of cats usedin biomedical research has declined 0# since 152#.

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D Animal Bioethics.doc

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