Group 3

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ConstantinoAngeles

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Czarist Rule is Overthrown

Terms:Czars  plural of czar (Noun)1. An emperor of Russia before 1917: "Czar Nicholas II".2. A South Slav ruler in former times, esp. one reigning over Serbia in the 14th century.

Czarists plural of czarist (Noun)   1. (czarist) of or relating to or characteristic of a czar

Soviets plural of soviet (Noun)1. the people and especially the political and military leaders of the Union of Soviet Republic

Introduction

Czars of Russia had sought to make their country into a unified nation but because of the lack of autocratic control, there were a lot of demands for reform.

Behind its splendid courts is a divided and badly ruled country.

Introduction

Western Europe had been transformed by

industrialization, urbanization and the spread

of democratic government. European Imperialist

nations had gained control of large areas of

the world. Tensions were mounting on Europe

itself, as the major European countries built up

their armies and navies and formed defensive

alliances.

Nicholas IINicholas II became czar, having the same

goal as his ancestors: to make Russia strong

and Respected in the world.

Unfortunately, Nicholas II wasn’t able to lead

effectively because he didn’t understand the

forces at work in Russia and the world:He was blind to the significance of the changes that were taking place.

AttemptsSergei Witte, the czar’s ablest minister urged that a program on industrialization be planned.

Unlike the czar, he realized that the Russian economy has to be modernized. He warned Nicholas II:“economic weakness may lead to political and cultural backwardness as well.”

Attempts"We must give the country such industrial perfection as has been reached by the United States of America, which firmly bases its prosperity on two pillars-agriculture and industry”

--Sergei Witte

IndustrializationUnder Witte’s advice:

o Taxes increased

o Foreign capital was brought in

o Completion of Trans-Siberian

roads and other railways

o Foreign experts were hired

o Many Russians studied abroad

Industrialization

The steps helped in the growth of heavy

industry, particularly iron and steel.

For a while, the economy of Russia had boomed.

ProblemsRapid industrialization led to the resentment and disunity of the people of Russia:

o Instead of agriculture being the mainstay of Russian

economy

o All the workers worked in factories

o Workers were powerless to make changes

o Upper-classes were unhappy to the presence of foreign

investors

o Ideas from the West caused people to question Russia’s

traditions

In the reign of Alexander II, radical social reformers had tried to focus on the situation of the peasants. The peasants did not trusted agitators and intellectuals from the cities, and they did not join the movement for reform.

Later revolutionists adopted the view of history set forth by Karl Marx. They believed that industrialization and the growth of an industrial working class in Russia made a socialist victory inevitable.

These revolutionists ended up being in exile

or prison.

The Marxists

The MarxistsThe Marxists found a leader in Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov better known as Lenin.

Lenin together with his wife, Krupskaya

went to prison and was exiled to Siberia. He believed that force is

needed to end czarist rule.

The MarxistsThe Marxists split into two groups:

Bolsheviks – went with Lenin in a bloody point-of-view.

Mensheviks – hoped that revolutionary goals could be achieved by less violent actions.

Formation of a ParliamentRussia had a humiliating defeat in a war with Japan.

A series of uprisings involving different kinds of people broke out.

The palace guards reacted and fired at them which caused further unrest.

All of them have different complaints.

Formation of a Parliament

The strikers were led by the soviets (representative council of workers in St. Petersburg.

The czar agreed to the formation of Russia’s first Parliament: the imperial Duma.

He promised that it would represent all elements of the population and guarantee their civil liberties.

Minor Reforms

The Duma’s power was limited but it somewhat managed to improve its participation in the government.

Peter Stolypin who succeeded Witte as chief minister aims to make the peasants firm supporters of the czar to grant more lands to peasants and give greater freedom to successful peasant farmers called Kulaks.

Minor ReformsThese reforms had not improved the people’s outlook on the czarist regime.

Little progress in strengthening the czarist

regime has taken place when Russia was caught in the

World War I.

Russia in the Great WarNicholas II had to go to war so he left his wife, Alexandra to run the government. Alexandra had no experience in ruling.

Meanwhile, the war had caused the soldiers to have little respect to

their officers.

Russia in the Great WarA strike of women textile workers became city-wide which erupted into riot. The soldiers who had been ordered to shot the rioter shot their officers instead.The city-wide riot was known as

the March Revolution.

A week after the rioting, the czar gave up his thrown in favour of a Provincial Government which was set up by the Duma.

Russia in the Great War

Russia in the Great WarNicholas II had to go to war so he left his wife, Alexandra to run the government. Alexandra had no experience in ruling.

Meanwhile, the war had caused the soldiers to have little respect to

their officers.

DisunityThe provincial government called Provisional represented the educated Russians who was led by Alexander Kelensky. They wanted to protect the rights of individuals and to establish a Western-style parliamentary government.

.Opposing them is the Petrograd

Soviet represented by soldiers and workers which excluded all members of

upper-classes. They favoured social reforms to aid workers and peasants.

DisunityPeople didn’t favour either of the two aspiring empires.

The German leaders who were planning for Russia’s defeat hoped that through the aid of the Bolsheviks, the Russian war effort would be disorganized and ineffectual.

.A month later, the German military train

containing the exiled Bolsheviks including Lenin arrived at Russia.

Bolsheviks gain Control

.

The confused Russian people were offered different kinds of government but all of them failed.

Lenin on the other hand, had understood the demands of the various groups of Russian people. Along the popular support, Lenin also had a reliable organization, with able and energetic aides. The Bolsheviks were disciplined and could act as a tightly organized unit.

Bolsheviks gain Control

.

The Bolsheviks soon gained a majority in the soviets of major cities.

The Bolsheviks declared a Soviet Republic dedicated to creating a Marxist society.

Lenin’s new government inherited all the problems the czars had faced, made worse by

Russia’s past war defeats

Quiz!

Please Get a paper cut ½ lengthwise…

Quiz!1) ___________ was the wife of Nicholas II whom he left the

responsibility to rule Russia.2) _________ were considered as the leaders of Russia at

that time.3) ________ was ablest minister of Nicholas II who stated

that: “economic weakness may lead to political and cultural backwardness as well.”

4) _________ believed that revolutionary goals could be achieved through non-violent means.

5) The leader of Marxists.6) The founder of Marxism was _________ Marx.7) The great riot that overthrew the czarist rule was called

___________.8) - 10) Give 2 ways through which Russia was

industrialized.

Quiz!Bonus:

Who was the wife of Lenin?

END