Cylinder and Crankcase

8/13/2019 Cylinder and Crankcase

1/90

Cylinder and Crankcase

1


2/90

Marine diesel engine cross section

2


3/90

3


4/90

The cylinders of marine diesel engines arewater cooled. The bore of each cylinder isformed in a liner which can be replacedwhen worn out and which is surroundedby a cooling water jacket. The water is indirect contact with the outer surface of theliner as a result of which it is termed a wet liner. In the most usual arrangementcylinder liners are enclosed in one castiron casing forming a cylinder block.

4


5/90

5
http://www.google.hr/imgres?q=cylinder,+marine&hl=en&qscrl=1&nord=1&rlz=1T4RNSN_enHR397HR397&biw=1280&bih=529&tbm=isch&tbnid=wy-xncK8zfR8-M:&imgrefurl=http://emccoltd.en.ec21.com/Cylinder_Frame_Marine_Engine--4736423_4736454.html&docid=7POT85eMGXzw8M&imgurl=http://image.ec21.com/image/emccoltd/oimg_GC04736423_CA04736454/Cylinder_Frame_Marine_Engine_.jpg&w=472&h=320&ei=NPGjToSOEcOAOuSCrbwN&zoom=1


6/90

6


7/907

Model Rated power(kW) Rated rpm

(r/min) Fuel

consumption(g/kW.h)

Oilconsumption(g/

kW.h)

Overalldimensions

(mm) Net weight

(kg)

8190ZLCZ-R 720 1450 204 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200

8190ZLC 720 1450 204 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200

8190ZLCZ-1R 600 1200 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200

8190ZLC-1 600 1200 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200

8190ZLCZ-2R 500 1000 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200

8190ZLC-2 500 1000 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200

8190ZLCZ-3R 650 1300 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200

8190ZLC-3 650 1300 202 1.2 3175 1220 2055 5200

Technical Specification of 8-Cylinder Diesel Engine:


8/90

The cooling water jacket is common to all thecylinders, but there are often dividing walls to ensurethat each cylinder receives the right amount and flowof water. Doors are provided on the cylinder casing,through which the water spaces may be cleaned andinspected when overhauling the engine. In an

alternative construction the liners do not come indirect touch with the cooling water but make a metal- to - metal contact with the cylinder casting whichcontains the water jackets and are known as dry liners. These can be made fairly thin as the cylindercasting itself withstands all stresses. Close contact

between dry liner and casting is absolutely necessary ;if it is missing, considerable resistance to heat flowresults.

8


9/909

Cylinder block


10/90

The top of each cylinder is closed by a cylinder head orcover held down by studs and nuts to the cylinder blockmaking a gas - tight seal between the head and the liner.The complete cylinder block is supported above thecrankcase by a structure which may take one of severalforms.A typical design of a slow speed marine diesel engine isshown in Fig. 1.3. The crankshaft is carried in bearingsformed in a bedplate. On the bedplate is mounted acasting termed the column or frame which forms thecrankcase and supports the cylinder block. The forcesproduced by the gas pressure in the cylinders aretransmitted from the top of the cylinder block directly tothe bedplate by the tie bolts (tie rods ). These bolts passthrough all the separate components of the structure, thusmaintaining them in compression and ensuring that allmajor tensile loads are carried by the steel members.

10


11/9011
http://www.google.hr/imgres?q=crankcase&hl=en&qscrl=1&nord=1&rlz=1T4RNSN_enHR397HR397&biw=1280&bih=529&tbm=isch&tbnid=p0OWCsLqOILKIM:&imgrefurl=http://www.theoldone.com/articles/larryscivic/larrys_civic.htm&docid=7EvmIdwjnhtJUM&imgurl=http://www.theoldone.com/articles/larryscivic/Finished_Crankcase2.jpg&w=700&h=648&ei=oPOjTsajIMqUOpyzsa0C&zoom=1


12/90

What are diesel engines cooled with ?Where does the cooling water circulate ?What does the cylinder block enclose ?What is the function of the dividing walls in the waterspaces ?Why is a firm contact needed between a dry liner andthe cylinder casting ?How is a gas - tight seal between a head and a cylinderensured ?What other types of seal do you know ?Describe the type of crankcase shown in Fig. 1.3.

What are tie bolts intended for ? What loads do theyhave to carry ?State the main structural features of petrol engines usedin motor cars .

12


13/90

13


14/90

I Colum n includes definitions of som e of the term slisted in colum n B . Match each definition with theright term forming a full sentence.

Now beginning from the column B make a definition ofeach term using a relative clause. Use information from

Lesson One for those not defined in column A .

Ex. The crankcase is / may be defined as / the housingwhich / that / contains the crankshaft and provides thespace for its rotation.

14


15/90

15

A B

1. Replaceable sleeve inserted in the cylinder block directly surrounded by cooling water.

2. Steel rod running from the bedplate to the cylinder block to the tie the structure together in verticaldirection.

3. Component closing the top end of the cylinder so as tomake a confined space in which to compress air.

4. Base supporting the crankshaft bearing and enclosingthe lower part of the crankcase.

5. Enclosed space surrounding the cylinder liner for the

cooling water to circulate6. Stretching force produced by firing pressures tending

to push the cylinder head and the crankshaft bearings

apart7. Casting containing the cylinders.

a. Crankcase b. Cylinder headc. Wet linerd. Dry linere. Cylinder blockf. Tensile loadsg. Columnh. Water jacketi. Tie bolt

j. Bed plate

k. Cylinder borel. Bearings


16/90

II Below are two diagrams representing the main

stationary i.e. fixed ) parts of a marine dieselengine.

Complete the labeling against the letters ( a - k ).

Give a description of each element with referenceto its location, function, material or any feature

you can think of.

16


17/90

17

List A List B

1. to carry2. cover3. circulation4. contact5. to encircle6. to hold7. part8.

to place (on)9. to resist10. to shut

a. to mount b. to surroundc. componentd. to closee. flowf. to maintaing. headh.

to supporti. touch j. to withstand

III For each of the words in the list A find a word ofsimilar meanings in List B the words of the lattergroup are used in the text )


18/90

IV Choose suitable words from list B to replace the underlined expressions.

The structure of most engines consists of three parts:the bedplate, frame and cylinder block all being held in compression by long tiebolts to resist the stresses created by the firing loads.

A casting, known as the column, is placed on the bed plate and carries the cylinderblock.

In order to keep low temperature cylinder liners are encircled with a jacket andcooling is carried out by the circulation of fresh water.

A liner is said to be wet when its outer surface is in direct contact with cooling

water.

A cover shuts the top end of cylinders; in some types of engine the cylinder coveris in two parts; a cast iron water - cooled lower half and a cast - steel uncooledupper half.

18


19/90

V a Find words of opposite meaning for the followingusing them in sentences your own:

thin, inner, minor, bottom, dry .

Ex. A gas tight seal means a seal preventing any leak ofgas.

b Form a compound expressing:

A ring preventing any leak of air.

A system of pipes preventing any leak of water.A tank for fuel preventing any leak of oil.

19


20/90

VI Study the examples listed below:

(a). Wear in a cylinder liner is mainly due to friction,abrasion and corrosion.

(b). After some time in service the bore of the linerswears unevenly.

The word wear is used as a noun in (a) and asa verb in (b).

20


21/90

Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word choosing amongWEAR ( noun or verb ), WORE ( past tense ), WORN ( past participle ) andWEARING ( gerund ).

1. The use of wrong or _________ tools can cause damage.2. When valve seat __________ , it must be renewed.3. On the last voyage the liners _____________ at an excessive rate due

to the burning of low grade fuel.4. Do cylinder liners ____________ at constant rate during the life of

an engine.During the first few months there is a rapid _______ . After that, the

rate is reduced, but __________ away of the liners and piston ringscontinues.

6. The usual practice is to renew cylinder liners when they have_________5 - 6 mm on the diameter as a maximum.

21


22/90

ODNOSNE R NI I ( Relative Clauses, Adjectival Clauses )

The bore of the cylinder is formed in a liner which canbe replaced when worn

out and which is surrounded by a cooling water jacket.

Dry liners make metal - to - metal contact with thecylinder casting which contains

the water jackets.

22


23/90

Istaknute reenice opisuju (specificiraju ) ipoblie oznauju znaenje rijei na koje seodnose, tj. koju opisuju. Te su rijei uglavnomimenice kao npr. liner i water jacket ugornjim primjerima. Relativne reenice uvode seodnosnim zamijenicama WHICH ( za stvari), WHO ,WHOME, WHOM ( za ljude ) te THAT ( za stvari iljude ) i WHAT . Budui da se odnose samo naimenicu ili imeniku grupu koju opisuju, onese umeu u strukturu reenice .

23


24/90

For cooling purposes the quantity of oil that flowsthrough the piston is more important than thetemperature.

Odnosne reenice imaju ulogu slinu pridjevu, pa se stogai nazivaju pridjevskim reenicama

The auxiliary engine - The engine that is used forauxiliary purposes ( i.e. lighting, refrigeration, deckmachinery, etc. )

24


25/90

II Link the following pair of sentences whit WHICH, WHOor THAT omitting the unnecessary words.

Eg.The junior engineer was urgently taken to the hospital.He had seriously injured his hand while replacing theliner.

Eg. The junior engineer, who had seriously injured his armwhile replacing the liner, was urgently taken to thehospital.

25


26/90

The cylinder block is covered by the cylinder head.In the cylinder block the liners are fitted.

In Vee engines the top of the column has two

sloping surfaces. On these surfaces the cylinderblocks are placed.

The tie bolts connect the main parts of enginestructure. They transmit the forces produced by the

gas pressure in the combustion chamber.

The bedplate provides a support for the mainbearings. The crankshaft is carried by the mainbearings.

26


27/90

I have just talked to the Chief Engineer. He has beensailing for twenty years.

Doors are fitted to the cylinder casting. Through thesedoors the water spaces may be cleaned and inspected.

The Second and the Third Assistant Engineers shall reportto the First Assistant Engineer. He shall assign them theduty.

The general maintenance and repair works are to be doneduring the drydocking in Rotterdam. We discussed andplanned them last night. ( Passive Relative Clause )

27


28/90

Yesterday Mr. Brown joined ship to takeover his duty. Mr. Brown had beenappointed to the vacant post of ChiefEngineer.

Ships spares must immediately be re-ordered. We have used some spares in

recent repairs.( Passive Relative Clause ).

28


29/90

II Translate into English

o Poklopci, koji zatvaraju gornji kraj cilindra, su privreni usadnim vijcima na bloku motora.

o Voa stroja koji je primjetio kvar (failiure) na kotlu,odmah je obavijestio oficira stroja.

o Kod brodskih motora koji su graeni u V - izvedbi ( Vee- form ) cilindarski blokovi smjeteni su (place) pododreenim kutom jedan prema drugom.

o Voda koja se upotrebljava za hlaenje cilindra mora seprije ulaska u vodeni plat proistiti .

o Specijalni runi moment- klju ( torque wrench ) kojim semogu pritezati ( tighten ) kotveni vijci, utedio je mnogosati neugodnog ( unpleasant ) rada ispod poda( platform )glavnog motora.

29


30/90

Test 1. Supply the missing wordsloads, bore, liner, wet, cylinder block, frame, cooling water

jacket, casing, overhauling, metal - to - metal, dry,withstands, casting, cylinder head, studs, seal, crankcase,bearings, cylinders, bedplate, tie bolts, water jacket

The ___________ of marine diesel engines are water cooled. The___________ of each cylinder is formed in a _________which can be replaced when worn out and which issurrounded by a cooling _______. The water is in direct

contact with the outer surface of the liner as a result ofwhich it is termed a _________ liner. In the most usualarrangement cylinder liners are enclosed in one cast ironcasing forming a _____________.

30


31/90

The ___________ is common to all the cylinders, but thereare often dividing walls to ensure that each cylinderreceives the right amount and flow of water. Doors areprovided on the cylinder _________, through which thewater spaces may be cleaned and inspected when

___________ the engine. In an alternative construction theliners do not come in direct touch with the coolingwater but make a __________ contact with the cylindercasting which contains the water jackets and are knownas _________ liners. These can be made fairly thin asthe cylinder casting itself __________ all stresses. Closecontact between dry liner and ________ is absolutelynecessary ; if it is missing, considerable resistance to heatflow results.

31


32/90

The top of each cylinder is closed by a __________ orcover held down by __________ and nuts to the cylinderblock making a gas - tight ___________ between the headand the liner. The complete cylinder block is supportedabove the __________ by a structure which may take one

of several forms.The crankshaft is carried in ___________ formed in abedplate. On the _________ is a mounted casting termedthe column or _________ which forms the crankcase andsupports the cylinder block. The forces produced by the

gas pressure in the cylinders are transmitted from thetop of the cylinder block directly to the bedplate by the_________ (tie rods ). These bolts pass through all theseparate components of the structure, thus maintainingthem in compression and ensuring that all major tensile__________ are carried by the steel members.

32


33/90

1.THE DEFINITION OF A FRAME

The engine load carrying part that includes:

cylinder block

33


34/90

34


35/90

35


36/90

36


37/90

37


38/90



cylinder block

crankcase

38


39/90



cylinder block

crankcase

bedplate or base

39


40/90

40


41/90

41


42/90



cylinder block

crankcase

bedplate or base

sump or oil pan

42


43/90



cylinder block

crankcase

bedplate or base

sump or oil pan

end plates

43


44/90

44


45/90



cylinder block

crankcase

bedplate or base

sump or oil pan

end plates

2. THE DEFINITION OF A CYLINDER BLOCK

45


46/90



cylinder block

crankcase

bedplate or base

sump or oil pan

end plates

2. THE DEFINITION OF A CYLINDER BLOCK

A cast iron casing which encloses / houses cylinder liners &supports heads .The heads are tightly secured by studs and nuts tothe cylinder block.

46


47/90

47


48/90

48


49/90

49


50/90

50


51/90

51


52/90

3. THE DEFINITION OF A CRANKCASE

The crankcase is a housing for the crankshaft and providesspace for its rotation.

52


53/90

53


54/90



3.1 MATERIAL

54


55/90



3.1 MATERIAL

cast steel

55


56/90



3.1 MATERIAL

cast steel

cast steel & welded steel plates

56


57/90



3.1 MATERIAL

cast steel


3.2 LOCATION

57


58/90



3.1 MATERIAL

cast steel


3.2 LOCATION

A column or frame , mounted on the bedplate , forms the enginecrankcase.

58


59/90

59


60/90



3.1 MATERIAL

cast steel


3.2 LOCATION


3.3 CONNECTION

60


61/90



3.1 MATERIAL

cast steel


3.2 LOCATION


3.3 CONNECTION

Bedplate to frames-by steel tie rods / long tie bolts

61


62/90



3.1 MATERIAL

cast steel


3.2 LOCATION


3.3 CONNECTION

Bedplate to frames-by steel tie rods / long tie bolt

Cylinder covers to cylinder liners-by strong studs anchored inthe cylinder block ( M.A.N. )

62


63/90

3.4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION

3.4.1 Causes

63

3 4 CRANKCASE EXPLOSION


64/90


3.4.1 Causes

Oil droplets are formed by oil splashing from the

bearings mix with air.This mixture does not readily burnor explode unless there are overheated parts within thecrsnkcase & presence of fuel oil .

64



65/90


3.4.1 Causes



3.4.2 Prevention

65



66/90


3.4.1 Causes



3.4.2 Prevention

Proper maintenance, correct lubrication, cleanliness.

66



67/90


3.4.1 Causes



3.4.2 Prevention


3.4.3 Safety arrangements

67



68/90


3.4.1 Causes



3.4.2 Prevention



Crankcase explosion relief valves;

68


69/90

69



70/90


3.4.1 Causes



3.4.2 Prevention




Inert gas flooding system;

70



71/90


3.4.1 Causes



3.4.2 Prevention




Inert gas flooding system;

Crankcase mist detector

71

3.4.4 Consequences


72/90

Minor explosion, flames, pressure shock wave

72

3.4.4 Consequences


73/90


( ruptures crankcase doors )

73

3.4.4 Consequences


74/90



Major explosion widespread damage.

74

3.4.4 Consequences


75/90




3.4.5 Actions

75

3.4.4 Consequences


76/90




3.4.5 Actions

Stop engine until it cools down.

76

4. BEDPLATE OR BASE


77/90

77


78/90

78

4. BEDPLATE OR BASE


79/90

4.1 DEFINITION

79

4. BEDPLATE OR BASE


80/90

4.1 DEFINITION

Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings

and crankshaft .

80


81/90

4. BEDPLATE OR BASE


82/90

4.1 DEFINITION

Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings

and crankshaft .

4.2 STRUCTURE

longitudinal box structures with stiffening members and webs

82

4. BEDPLATE OR BASE


83/90

4.1 DEFINITION

Main strenght part providing rigid support for the main bearings and crankshaft .

4.2 STRUCTURE


transverse members or girders

83

4. BEDPLATE OR BASE


84/90

4.1 DEFINITION


4.2 STRUCTURE



4.3 STRESSES

84

4. BEDPLATE OR BASE


85/90

4.1 DEFINITION


4.2 STRUCTURE



4.3 STRESSES

Heavy stresses in operation;

85

4. BEDPLATE OR BASE


86/90

4.1 DEFINITION


4.2 STRUCTURE



4.3 STRESSES

Heavy stresses in operation;

While supporting the main bearings and bolts

86


87/90

87


88/90

4.4 FUNCTION


89/90

To support the frame and all working parts .

89


90/90

Cylinder and Crankcase

Documents

Transcript of Cylinder and Crankcase