Cycling

GeoChemical cycles

Nutrient/Mineral Cycles

Cycling in Nature

• According to the Law of Conservation-Matter is not created or destroyed but transformed.

• So all matter in the universe is constant.• The location and type may change-CO2 in the

air is converted into C6H12O6 in autotrophs, and is eaten by hetertrophs and converted into simpler sugars and then broken down to CO2 and released where the cycle begins again.

Water Cycle

Rock Cycle

Rock Cycle

• Consolidation-packing of Earth materials

• Crystallization- forming crystals, regular repeating patterns

• Deposition-weathered particles are collected in an area

• Igneous-extrusive-surface• Igneous-intrusive-deep• Lithification, compaction,

sedimentation, cementing, Sediments consolidating into rock

• Magma-Hot molten rock

• Melting- the temperature where solids turn into a liquid

• Metamorphic-rocks that have been changed

• Metamorphism-processes that involve heat and pressure Sedimentary-rocks made of sediments

• Transportation-moved by water, wind, gravity

• Uplift-earth sections moved up• Weathering-wind, water action

breaks down rock• Exposure-showing at surface

Make a Cycle.

• Follow the Carbon atom on its adventure in the cycle.• Imagine you are a carbon atom in a molecule of of

carbon dioxide floating in a the air of a wetland. The leaf of a blue berry bush absorbs you during photosynthesis. You become part of a carbohydrate molecule and are used to make fruit. The fruit is eaten by a caribou, within a few hours, you are passed out of the animal’s body. You are swallowed by a dung beetle, then combined in the body tissue of a hungry shrew, which is then eaten by an owl. Finally, you are released into the atmosphere once again when the owl exhales.

• What is the food chain here, label producers, consumers, etc.

Adventure and Food Chain

• CO2 (air)->Carbohydrate (blueberry bush) -> Carbohydrate (Caribou)-> Carbohydrate (dung beetle)->Protein (shrew)->Protein (owl)-> CO2 (air)

• Blueberry->Caribou->Dung Beetle (Decomposer)->Shrew->Owl

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Image:Nitrogen_Cycle.jpg

Nitrogen Cycle

Excretion and decay

Excretion and decay

Eaten and Assimilated

Absorbed

Denitrifying Bacteria

Lightening

Nitrifying bacteria

Nitrosofying bacteria

Legume

Nitrogen Cycle

PlantProtein

Animal Protein

NitratesNO3

Nitrogen

(N)

Urea,AmmoniaUric Acid

NitritesNO2

Excretion and decay

Excretion and decay

Eaten and Assimilated

Absorbed

Denitrifying Bacteria

Lightening

Nitrifying bacteria

Nitrosofying bacteria

Legume

Nitrogen Cycle

• Nitrogen is the major limiting factor for terrestrial plants. • Nitrogen Fixation-conversation of N2 into Ammonia

(NH3), lightening, volcanic action, combustion, legumes nodules

• Nitrification-When ammonia reacts with water to eventually form NO3.

• Assimilation-when an organism takes in ammonia, ammonium, nitrates and it becomes proteins in that organisms body.

• Ammonification-when urea, uric acid are converted into ammonia, ammonium

• Denitrification-Reduce NO3 to gaseous nitrogen.

Carbon Cycle

Diffusion

Diffusion

Burning

Sedimentation

Decay, Incomplete Decay

DigestionRespiration

Photosynthesis

Respiration and decay

Absorbed

Carbon Cycle

CO2 in Air Plants

Animals

CO2 in WaterCaCO3Shells Limestone

Fossil Fuels

Diffusion

Diffusion

Burning

Sedimentation

Decay, Incomplete Decay

DigestionRespiration

Photosynthesis

Respiration and decay

Absorbed

Phosphorous

• Phosphorous is the major limiting factor in aquatic ecosystems.

• There is NO gaseous phase of this nutrient.

• Laundry ingredient, effervesces is a qualitative test.

Odyssey

• X: Limestone ->BurOak (root, flower, acorn)->deer -> Indian -> Soil ->Bluestem (root, Leaves) -> Deer-Mouse nest -> soil -> sideoats (granma) -> buffalo (chip) -> soil ->spiderwort ->rabbit-> owl ->Sporobolus -> FIRE ->

Gynmosperm Lifecycle