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CyberLab: Tools for user protection

Circumvention technology and its applications

1 25.04.2016 Bjoern Christian Wolf

network

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Source: https://www.torproject.org

“the King of high secure, low latency Internet anonymity“ NSA internal communication 2013

• Initial development by U.S. Naval Research Laboratory • Further developed by DARPA • Open source in 2004 • Current development funded by EFF

25.04.2016 Bjoern Christian Wolf

Tails OS

Tails is a live operating system, that you can start on almost any computer from a DVD, USB stick, or SD card. It aims at preserving your privacy and anonymity, and helps you to:

– use the Internet anonymously and circumvent censorship;

all connections to the Internet are forced to go through the Tor network;

– leave no trace on the computer you are using unless you ask it explicitly;

– use state-of-the-art cryptographic tools to encrypt your files, emails and instant messaging.


What is the Darknet?

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“The Good“

• Crucial role in organising uprisings (recently Iran and Egypt) • Security for whistle-blowers (used by Edward Snowden) • Enables journalists and diplomats

“The Bad“

• Provides digital space for various conventional crimes (drugs, counterfit money and passports, stolen identities and credit cards etc.)

• Financial crime (money laundering, payments) enabled through bitcoin

“The Ugly“

• Pedophilia content • Hitman services • Conventional weapons • Chemical weapons

Tor hidden web services are part of the deep web

• Not indexed, decentral structure • Partially not accessible with normal browser (onion links) • Location of servers and visitors very hard to determine • Very volatile and quick developments


Timeline of main marketplaces in the Darknet

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16,000 listings

Total sales: $200 million

18,250

22,000 (Nov 2014)

Sales per month:

$52 million

Silk Road 1 (take-down) Silk Road 2 (take-down)

Evolution (scam)

Agora Various small vendors

Feb 2011

Oct 2013

Nov 2013

Nov 2014

Sheep Marketplace (take-down)

Black Market Reloaded

(suspended)

Sources: Digital Citizens Alliance Report 2014 http://www.ibtimes.com/silk-roads-demise-spawns-agora-popular-new-online-drug-marketplace-1684550 http://www.wired.com/2014/09/agora-bigger-than-silk-road/ http://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2015/03/18/evolution-market-a-scam-says-site-pr/

Abraxas

BlackBank

may other services

Mar 2015

Dark markets developed in phases

Operation Onymous 414 services taken down

Diverse and well-accepted ecosystem

First markets emerge

Professionalisation and mass adoption

Aug 2015


http://www.ibtimes.com/silk-roads-demise-spawns-agora-popular-new-online-drug-marketplace-1684550





















http://www.wired.com/2014/09/agora-bigger-than-silk-road/









http://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2015/03/18/evolution-market-a-scam-says-site-pr/













Effect of market take-downs

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Takedowns are frequent, but the ecosystem is very flexible


Central issues and solutions

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Each aspect of a regular market is replaced with anonymity

Logistics Payment Transaction & Communication

Seller

Buyer

Trust

Marketplace infrastructure TOR anonymisation, PGP encryption

Social organisation Rating for quality, Escrow for delivery

Bitcoin LocalBitcoin, Tumblers

Postal Delivery plausible deniability, dead mailboxes, Packstation etc.

Problem

Solution

The reasons why Darknet markets are so resilient


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Practical examples: Screenshots of Tor and various darknet websites


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Source: https://www.wikipedia.org


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