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The Invisible Threat

CYBERBULLYING

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Forms of Cyberbullying

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How & how often teens are bullied

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Effects of Cyberbullying

“Kids are savvy enough to post

things, but not mature enough to

understand the consequences of

doing it.”

Common sense Media 2010 Depression

Low self-esteem

Poor school performance

Sense of exclusion

Sense of endangerment

Paranoia

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*52% of high school students say they have been cyberbullied; 52% say they have bullied others

* 41% claim it takes place on a social network, second via text

* 59% claim teasing or name calling; 47% claim lie spreading

Statistics

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A School’s Response

1. A safe school

committee

2. A computer and

internet usage

guidelines

3. Procedures for

reporting

4. Procedures for

investigating

5. Disciplinary actions

6. Teacher and student

education

CREATE the following:

An expert’s suggestion

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Ohio has:

*bullying laws and an update pending

*a school must have a specific policy in order for a sanction to be upheld

Ohio does NOT:

*use the term cyberbully or include electronic harassment in its law

*have a criminal sanction

DOPA (Deleting Online Predators) – requires schools and libraries to block social networking sites

A State’s Response

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How teens use technology

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The tragic story of the extreme pressures of cyberbullying can create and their

potentially disastrous consequences.

Megan’s Story

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Cyberbullying A. Forms of Cyberbullying

1. Flaming - Online fight using messaging and vulgar language

2. Harassment - Continuous harassing messages

3. Denigration - Spreading/posting rumors

4. Impersonation - Posting or sending material as someone else

5. Outing - Sharing secrets or images online

6. Trickery - Convincing someone to reveal information or information then sharing it online

7. Exclusion - Intentionally excluding someone online

8. Cyberstalking - Continual harassment and denigration which includes threats

B. Effects of Cyberbullying

1. Depression

2. Low self-esteem

3. Poor school performance

4. Sense of exclusion from a social media

5. Sense of endangerment even at home

6. Paranoia of an anonymous stalker or bully

C. Statistics of Cyberbullying

1. 52% of high school students have been cyberbullied and 52% say they have cyberbullied others

2. 41% of cyberbullying takes place on a social network (Facebook, MySpace, Xanga, etc)

3. 59% students are teased or name called; 47% lies are spread

D. School’s Response

1. Safe school committee - address all forms of bullying with definitions of topics like harassment, intimidation, etc

2. Internet and computer use guidelines and graduated consequences for breaking rules

3. Procedures for reporting

4. Procedures for investigating (i.e. Record search with “reasonable suspicion”)

5. Specific language that if off-school speech leads to with significant educational disruption = disciplinary action

6. Teacher education and awareness of a legal obligation to report all threats

E. State’s Response

1. Ohio has bullying law and an update is pending; school must include a specific policy and sanction to be upheld

2. Ohio does not use the term cyberbullying or include electronic harassment; there is no criminal sanction

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Cyberbullying Research Center www.cyberbullying.us 

    

Sameer Hinduja, Ph.D. and Justin W. Patchin, Ph.D. Cyberbullyin

 Below are several scenarios you can review to learn more about  cyberbullying.  Feel  free  to  read  and  discuss  these with  parents,  educators,  or  youth.   We  have  suggested  a ew  starter  questions,  but  are  sure  that  you  can  think  of thers as well. 

g Research Center  

Cyberbullying Scenarios Educating yourself and others about cyberbullying 

fo Scenario 1 James  is frustrated and saddened by the comments his high school peers are making about his sexuality. Furthermore, it appears a group of male  students are  creating  fake e­mail accounts at Yahoo.com and are sending  love notes to other ale students as if they came from James—who is mortified m

at the thought of what is happening.  If you were a guidance school counselor or administrator within the school, what would you do if James approached you  with  the  problem?  What  about  if  you  were  James’s mom  or  dad?  What  can  James  do  to  deal  with  the embarrassment?  What  would  be  some  incorrect  and nacceptable ways  that  James might  try  to deal with  this roblem? up Scenario 2 Two  female sixth graders, Katie and Sarah, are exchanging malicious  instant  messages  back  and  forth  because  of  a misunderstanding  involving  a  boy  named  Jacob.  The statements escalate in viciousness from trivial name­calling o  very  vicious  and  inflammatory  statements,  including tdeath threats.  Should  the  police  be  contacted?  Are  both  girls  wrong? What should the kids do in this instance? What would you o as a parent if you discovered this problem? What might  school counselor do? da Scenario 3 A mother  is walking by her son Jonathan while he  is on the computer and notices that he keeps hiding the screen when she walks by. Upon further observation, the mother sees that onathan  is  making  fun  of  someone  else  via  instant Jmessaging.  What should the mother do first? Does the mother need to ontact the parents of the other child? Should Jonathan be llowed to use the computer? ca  

Scenario 4 Lindsay has  just moved to town from Oregon and enrolls  in the local middle school. Very pretty, outgoing, and funny, she quickly  wins  the  attention  of  a  number  of  the  school’s football  players—much  to  the  chagrin  of  the  school’s cheerleaders.  Bonnie,  the  head  cheerleader,  is  concerned about  Lindsay  stealing  away  her  boyfriend  Johnny,  who plays quarterback. With the help of her cheerleader friends, Bonnie  decides  to  create  a  “We  Hate  Lindsay”  Web  site, where girls can post reasons why they hate Lindsay and why they think she should move back to Oregon. Soon, the entire school becomes aware of  the  site’s Web address, and many others  begin  to  post  hurtful  sentiments  about  Lindsay. Desperately wanting to make friends in a new town, Lindsay s crushed and begins to suffer from depression and a lack of idesire to do anything aside from crying in bed.  If  you were  her mom  or  dad,  what would  you  do? What ight the school do to help Lindsay? If you were her best riend, what might you say or do to help? mf Scenario 5 Chester,  a  tall,  skinny  teenager  who  excels  in  math  and science  classes,  feels  embarrassed when  he  has  to  change into gym clothes in the boy’s locker room at school because he lacks muscularity and size. Other, more athletic and well­built teens notice Chester’s shyness and decide  to exploit  it. With  their  camera­enabled  cellular  phones,  they  covertly take pictures of Chester without his shirt on and in his boxer shorts. These pictures are then circulated among the rest of the student body via cellular phone. Soon enough, boys and girls are pointing, snickering, and laughing at Chester as he walks  down  the  school  hallways.  He  overhears  comments such as “There goes Bird­Chested Chester” and “Wussy­Boy” and “Chicken­Legs Chester” and “Stick Boy.” These words cut im deeply, and  the perception  that his classmates have of hhim begins to affect his math and science grades.  If  you were his  teacher, what would you do?  If  you were his  parent,  what  would  you  do? What  can  Chester  do  to deal  with  the  harassment—now  and  in  the  future?  How can his harassing classmates really understand how much ain they are causing with their words and actions? What ould you do if you were a bystander? 

pw   

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Cyberbullying Research Center www.cyberbullying.us 

C y b e r b u l l y i n g   S c e n a r i o s  2 

Scenario 6 Heather  is  a  fourth  grader who  is  extremely  proficient  at using the  Internet. On Monday, she receives an e­mail  from someone  named  “[email protected].”  The  subject  and body  of  the  e­mail  state:  “I’m  watching  you.  Be  afraid.” Heather  immediately deletes  it and  thinks nothing of  it. On Tuesday,  she  receives  another  e­mail  from [email protected], and this time, the subject and body of the e­mail  state:  “I am getting closer, and  I  see you on  the computer right now as you read this.” Heather starts to get worried but doesn’t want  to  tell her parents because she  is concerned  they will  take  away  her  Internet  privileges.  On Wednesday,  she  awakens  to  a  new  e­mail  from [email protected]  that  states:  “Be  very  afraid.  Today may be your last.” Definitely frightened and concerned now, she makes up her mind to tell her parents about the e­mails when  she  returns  from  school  that  day.  She  is  unable  to concentrate  in any of her classes because of  intense  fear as to what the e­mail meant when it said: “Today may be your last.” She rushes home after school, bent on bringing it up to her mom and dad as soon as she sees them. To her dismay, she  finds  a  note  on  the  table  stating  that  her mom went grocery  shopping and  that her dad will be home  late. Her palms begin to sweat and her heart begins to race. She goes to her bedroom, throws her backpack on her bed, and checks her e­mail. Twenty­five new e­mails pop up. Each one is from the  same  sender:  [email protected].  They  all  say  the same thing: “I am in your house. I am on a wireless Internet connection. You don’t know where  I am, but  I know where you  are!”  Heather  grabs  her  house  key,  rushes  out  of  the ront door,  locks  it, runs to her  friend’s house, and tells her ffriend’s mom about her situation.  What would  you  do  if  you were  her  friend’s mom? What an Heather do to ensure her safety now and in the future? o whom else should she turn for help? cT Scenario 7 Stan  is  an  eighth  grader  who  is  physically  abused  by  his alcoholic  uncle  when  he  visits  him  on  weekends. Additionally,  Stan  is  being  pushed  around  by  some  of  his peers  in middle  school because he wears black all  the  time and  is basically a  loner. Recently, Stan has realized that on the Internet—in chat rooms and via instant messaging—he can freely become a person who seems much more attractive and fun and lighthearted than he is in real life. By taking on a  different  persona,  he  is  finding  social  interaction  with others  much  easier  and  more  rewarding.  Nonetheless,  he still harbors much anger and bitterness within due  to how his uncle and some of his classmates treat him. He decides to get back at his uncle and some of his classmates by posting personal  information  about  them—along  with  some  true stories about his negative experiences with them—on a very popular  teen­oriented  message  board.  This  information includes  their  cell  phone  numbers,  their  home  phone numbers, and their home addresses. Because Stan has made 

many friends on this teen­oriented message board, they rally around him  in  support and decide  to  exact  some  vigilante justice  on  their  own  to  help  Stan  get  revenge.  A  large number  of  his  online  friends  use  the  phone  numbers  and addresses  to make repeated prank calls,  to order hundreds of pizzas to the victims’ doors, and to sign them up for many, many pornographic magazines and  Sears  catalogs.  Stan  is xtremely  pleased  at  the  harassment  that  his  uncle  and 

c temean  lassma es are now experiencing.  What  would  you  do  if  you  were  a  parent  or  school administrator  and  the  police  alerted  you,  themselves contacted  by  Sean’s  Internet  service  provider  after  an online  complaint  was  filed  by  Stan’s  uncle  about  these incidents?  How  might  Stan  learn  that  such  vengeful ehavior is inappropriate? How might Stan get help for the buse he suffers and the way he feels? ba Scenario 8 Karen is a very devout teenager who leads a prayer meeting every morning by the high school  flag pole. Many boys and girls are  simply drawn  to Karen as a  friend because of her sweet  nature  and  hopeful  innocence.  Other  girls  in  her school,  however,  feel  threatened  by  Karen’s  piety  and commitment to holy living, and they begin to drum up ideas to  expose her as a  fraud. Specifically,  they begin  to  spread rumors  via  the  High  School’s  social  network  on MySpace.com  that Karen  is  sleeping around with  the boy’s track team. Karen is alerted to the online rumors by a close riend and is heartbroken. She tells her teachers and pastor, fwho then contact the school administration.  What  would  you  do  if  you  were  the  principal  in  this situation? What  would  you  do  if  you  were  Karen?  What would you do  if  you were Karen’s  close  friend and  really anted to help? How could those who spread the rumors nderstand how hurtful their actions were? wu Scenario 9 Casey loves playing video games on his computer, especially those  that allow you  to  link up  to and  compete with other players across  the world  through  the  Internet. He  recently met one teenager in Russia named Boris while playing video games  online,  and  they  became  fast  friends  because  both enjoyed and excelled at one particular game. Together, they became  almost  unbeatable  whenever  they  competed  as  a team  against  other  teams  online.  At  some  point,  though, Casey told Boris he had found a better gaming partner and didn’t want to play with Boris anymore. Boris was outraged that  he  was  being  “dumped”  as  a  gaming  partner  for someone  else,  and  he  began  to  tell  other  people  on  the gaming network that Casey “sucked” at all video games and that no one should ever be his partner unless they wanted to lose  really  badly.  Soon  after  these  statements  started circulating, Casey’s new  gaming partner  dumped him,  and everyone else on the network treated him like a pariah. Since 

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Cyberbullying Research Center www.cyberbullying.us 

3 C y b e r b u l l y i n g   S c e n a r i o s 

the video game he loved so much could only be played with a partner,  Casey was  no  longer  able  to  play  and  felt  totally rejected on  the  Internet  (which had heretofore been a  safe haven  for  him). When  coupled with  recollections  of  other instances  of  rejection  in  his  life,  this  experience  began  to make  Casey  feel  completely  hopeless.  He  then  started  to express suicidal intentions to his sister.  f you were his sister, what would you say and do? Can this xample really be characterized as cyberbullying?   Ie Scenario 10 Trevor  is 16 and  into drag racing. He and his  friends often go down to the  local drag strip and race other 16­ and 17­year­olds  in  their  souped­up cars. Because drag racing  is a testosterone­heavy event, egos get involved quickly. Speed is often  equated  to  masculinity  and  strength,  and  physical fights  sometimes  break  out when winners  gloat  too much over losers of drag races. Local police have had to report to the drag strip often in recent weeks and have threatened to shut  down  the  strip  completely  if  any  more  fights  occur. Therefore, the aggression has been transferred from the real world  to  cyberspace,  and  winners  are  gloating  over,  and making  fun  of,  losers  online  through  e­mails  and  public forum  posts  at  the  local  drag  racing Web  site.  Trevor  is undefeated  in his  racing exploits, and  this has given him a 

very  inflated  self­conception. His  success  has  gotten  to  his head,  and  has  been  getting  his  kicks  by  berating  and humiliating online those who lose against him. Some guys he has defeated are sick of how he’s acting and are organizing a group to go over to his house, trash and mangle his hot rod with  shovels and  sledgehammers, and beat him up. Trevor ets tipped off about this plan the day before  it  is supposed gto happen.  What should he do? Whom should he tell, and what should they do?                

                           

The Cyberbullying Research Center  is dedicated  to providing up‐to‐date  information  about  the nature, extent,  causes,  and  consequences of cyberbullying among adolescents. For more  information, visit http://www.cyberbullying.us.   © 2009 Cyberbullying Research Center  ‐ Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin 

Sameer Hinduja,  Ph.D.  is  an Associate  Professor  at  Florida Atlantic University  and  Justin W.  Patchin,  Ph.D.  is  an Associate  Professor  at  the University of Wisconsin‐Eau Claire.  Together, they lecture across the United States on the causes and consequences of cyberbullying and offer comprehensive workshops  for parents, teachers, counselors, mental health professionals,  law enforcement, youth and others concerned with addressing and preventing online aggression.    

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Sameer Hinduja, Ph.D. and Justin W. Patchin, Ph.D. Cyberbullying Research Center  

 

11..  Research  the  problem.    Spend  time  online  to obtain a solid understanding of cyberbullying.   Make notes  on  what  you  learn,  and  think  about  other related aspects, such as its causes and consequences.      

22..  Interview  experts.    Develop  questions  to  ask cyberbullying  experts.    Find  them  online,  and  then drop them an email or give them a call to learn more about this problem.    

33..  Create  informative  posters  which  can  be prominently displayed  throughout school.   Use vivid colors  and  imaginative  slogans  to  bring  attention  to cyberbullying and how to deal with it.   

44.. Develop  a website, blog, or Facebook  group.  Create  an  online  resource  for  your  friends  and community  by  summarizing  cyberbullying  and linking  to  valuable  information  elsewhere  on  the Internet.    Of  course,  remember  to  give  credit  for information you obtained from somewhere else.  

55..  Mentor  younger  students.    Ask  your  former teachers  or  principals  from  middle  or  elementary school  if  you  could  talk  to  their  students  about cyberbullying.    Share  with  them  your  experiences and  ideas on how  to keep  safe online,  and  tell  them what to do if they run into trouble.   They value your opinion more than you might think!  

66..   Write  a  letter  to  the  editor  of  your  local newspaper.  Express  your  concerns  about  the problem,  share how  it  is  affecting people you know, and encourage adults to take it seriously.   

77.. Create a public service announcement. All you need  is  a  creative mind  and  your  cell  phone,  digital camera,  or  digital  camcorder  and  some  editing software!    Recruit  some  friends  and  make  a  short video  to  educate  others.    Post  it  on  YouTube  and Facebook, and share it with everyone you know!    

88..  Build  an  awareness  or  pledge  campaign.  Produce  creative  t‐shirts,  buttons,  pins,  key  chains, magnets, or bumper stickers.   Raise funds by getting sponsors  from  local  businesses  and  organizations. Come up with a very cool and relevant design, and a hard‐hitting message!   

99..  Review  your  school  policy  on  bullying  and cyberbullying.   Ask  your  teacher  or  principal  for  a copy  of  the  policy  and  examine  it  carefully.    Does  it seem adequate  to  you?   Does  it  appear  to  cover  the types  of  behaviors  you  hear  about  or  see  at  your school  (or  other  schools)?   What  suggestions might you have to improve it? 

1100..  Teach  your  younger  friends  and  relatives how  to  be  safe  online.    Spend  some  time  with younger  friends  and  family  (cousins,  siblings,  etc.) showing  them  how  to  responsibly  use  technology.  Take  a  look  at  their  Facebook  page  and  see  if  they have  any  information  posted  that  could  be  used  to cyberbully  them.    Show  them what  to do  if  they  are cyberbullied  (for  example,  they  should  keep  the evidence, block the user from messaging them, report cruel or embarrassing content, etc.).     

 Sameer Hinduja, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor at Florida Atlantic University and Justin W. Patchin, Ph.D. is an Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin‐Eau Claire.   Together,  they  lecture across  the United States on  the causes and consequences of cyberbullying and offer comprehensive workshops  for parents, teachers, counselors, mental health professionals, law enforcement, youth and others concerned with addressing and preventing online aggression.    The Cyberbullying Research Center is dedicated to providing up‐to‐date information about the nature, extent, causes, and consequences of cyberbullying among adolescents. For more information, visit http://www.cyberbullying.us.  © 2010 Cyberbullying Research Center ‐ Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin

Activities for Teens Ten Ideas for Youth to Educate their Community about Cyberbullying 

"I've just opened a new Facebook Group for  anti­Cyber bullying!! Please all join up!!"  

­ 17­year­old boy

“I have started to talk to other children who have had a similar experience and try and help them because they are going through the same thing that I went through and it helps  

to talk to people who understand.”  ­ 9­year­old girl

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To Network or Not to Network

Have you Googled your teacher lately?

If a hit on Facebook or MySpace comes up, you better believe that they will check it out.

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Profile Choices

1.Not listing2.Create a classroom profile3.Profile with filters

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Choose Your Content Carefully

Friends enjoying each other’s company or

promoting the indulgence of

alcohol?

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Applications, Groups, Links, Events

Due to your choices of apps does it appear

that you are promoting gambling and

violence?

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Teacher / Student Boundaries

If you allow student “friends” or Fan Page

o E-mail – Set a time for your reply

o “Chat” or discussion – Set “Office Hours” and time limits per student

o Boundaries – Set explicit rules for language and material content

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Colleagues on Facebook

Great way to stay connected and relieve stress.

Maintain professional conduct.

Would you say it in front of an administrator?

It can always be printed or forwarded.

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Implications for Students

Gain knowledge beyond the classroom.

Build a connection and trust.

Maintain professional duties.

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Safety Tips for Parents & Teachers

o 13 means 13o Set house rules / time limitso Privacy settingso Golden Ruleo Identity restrictionso Cut & Pasteo Thinking forwardo Emotional expressiono Open communicationo Stranger dangero Educate yourself

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Safe Social Networking A. To Network or Not to Network

1. Facebook has more than 68 million users

2. Great way to connect with friends, family, and colleagues

3. Professional development opportunities

4. Professional image must ne maintained; networking blurs persona from classroom

5. Distance must be maintained

6 Teacher is a mentor, role-model, and advice giver; not a “friend”

B. Profile Choices

1. Check for district policies

2. Do not have a page or do not list it (will not be listed on a search)

3. Profile with filters (not all content will be displayed to everyone)

4. Create a classroom fan page or professional profile

C. Content

1. What may seem innocent is not always appropriate for underage eyes

2. Would you do it or say it in front of students or administration?

3. Teachers are being fired or reprimanded for content.

D. Applications

1. Does it appear you promote gambling, organized crime/violence by your application choices?

2. Do the pages you become fans of show more about your personal choices than you would like?

E. Teacher / Student Boundaries

1. If you allow students to be friends, set explicit rules

2. E-mail - give specific times to expect your reply and adhere to it

3. Chat - Provide “office hours” for discussions and questions and set time limits

4. Make students aware of your expectations of content and immediately remove inappropriate

F. Colleagues on Facebook

1. Busy schedules can lead to a lack of contact with colleagues and Facebook provides a forum for stress relief

and a way to stay connected

2. Conversations should reflect those you would have in the hallway or break room

3. Anything written can be printed or posted elsewhere—be careful how you vent

G. Implications as Students as friends

1. See student in a different persona - their friends, blogs, pictures

2. Duty to report - Report threats, obscenity; they need to know you must report