Cyber And Technology Laws

7/22/2019 Cyber And Technology Laws

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G_FHV AE@PHGMEJLJD_

LATW(Gjbbhetary je Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt, 6999

& Abhe`bhets jc 699=)


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6 Gyfhr ae` Phgmejljdy Laws

OWFE> ?4=-=1-?98?44-7-?

Gjpyrodmt Sopull Soej`

Yuflosmh` fy>

Krosmea YuflogatojesEhw @hlmo (Oeòa)

Ym.> +?1-?=4714101=, ??1114101=

Cax> +?1-11-07118000

Hbaol> oecjIrsproets.gjb

Thfsoth> mttp>//www.rsproets.gjb

All rodmts rhshrvh`. Ej part jc tmos wjrk bay fh gjpoh`, rhprjùgh`, aàpth`,afro`dh` jr traeslath`, stjrh` oe aey rhtrohval systhb, gjbputhr systhb, pmjtj-drapmog jr jtmhr systhb jr traesbotth` oe aey cjrb fy aey bhaes wmhtmhr hlhg-trjeog, bhgmaeogal, òdotal, jptogal, pmjtjdrapmog jr jtmhrwosh wotmjut a projrwrotthe phrbossoje jc tmh gjpyrodmt mjl`hr. Aey frhagm woll hetaol lhdal agtoje ae`

prjshgutoje wotmjut curtmhr ejtogh.

Tmolh hvhry hccjrt mas fhhe ba`h tj avjo` aey bostakh jr jbossoje, tmos pufloga-toje os fhoed sjl` je tmh gjeòtoje ae` ue`hrstaeòed tmat ehotmhr tmh autmjrejr tmh puflosmhrs jr proethrs wjul` fh loaflh oe aey baeehr tj aey phrsje jc fyrhasje jc aey bostakh jr jbossoje oe tmos puflogatoje jr cjr aey agtoje takhe jrjbotth` tj fh takhe jr a`vogh rhe`hrh` jr agghpth` je tmh fasos jc tmos wjrk. Cjraey `hchgt oe proetoed jr foeòed tmh puflosmhrs woll fh loaflh jely tj rhplagh tmh`hchgtovh gjpy fy aejtmhr gjpy jc tmos wjrk tmhe avaolaflh.

All ospuths woll fh sufnhgt tj hxglusovh nurosògtoje jc gjurts, trofueal ae` cjrubsat @hlmo jely.


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Gyfhr ae` Phgmejljdy Laws 7

G_FHV AE@PHGMEJLJD_

LATW(Gjbbhetary je Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt, 6999

& Abhe`bhets jc 699=)

SOYXLL SOEJ@Assostaet Yrjchssjr

(@r. Vab Baejmar Ljmoa Eatojeal Law Xeovhrsoty; Lugkejw)


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YVHCAGHEaturally, baey rha`hrs woll fh vhry caboloar wotm tmh Oethreht.

Je ots cagh, ot os ejtmoed bjrh tmae ae abjrpmjus gjbputhr ehtwjrk

wotm thrboeals ae` shrvhrs rae`jbly sgatthrh` ae` mapmazar`ly

oethrgjeehgth` agrjss tmh dljfh.

Phgmejljdogally, jc gjursh, ot's vhry oethrhstoed. Oecjrbatoje,

wmhtmhr thxt, obadh, auòj, vo`hj jr jtmhr ata typh, gae fh agghssh`

jr traesbotth` crjb aeywmhrh tj aeywmhrh, wotm tmh bhrh glogk jc

a bjush futtje. Fut tmat's ejt wmhrh tmh Oethreht's rhal jppjrtueoty

lohs, partogularly ejt cjr tmh lawyhr ae` law stu`hets.

Wuccogh ot tj say, mjwhvhr, wh arh oe tmh bo`st jc a rhvjlutoje

ae` tmat, crjb tmos vaetadh pjoet, wh gae jely ejth ae` fh part jc

tmh rhvjlutoje, ejt quaetocy ot. Fut fhoed part jc tmh rhvjlutoje os tmh

jppjrtueoty, cjr tmos rhvjlutoje os ejt a soedlh caghth` hvhet. Oestha`,

ot os tjugmoed hvhry arhea jc bj`hre sjgohty ae`, jegh tjugmh`, tmossjgohty woll fh cjrhvhr gmaedh`.

Cjr law stu`hets ae` lawyhrs, tmhrhcjrh, tmos os a barvhlljus

tobh. Albjst hvhry asphgt jc law os fhoed gmallhedh` ae` baey lhdal

crabhwjrks arh oea`hquath tj `hal wotm tmh Oethreht. @hsodeoed,

fuolòed, obplhbhetoed ae` bjòcyoed tmh ehghssary lhdal duo`hloehs

cjr tmh Oethreht dovh tjày's lawyhrs; wmhtmhr oe provath pragtogh,

aga`hboa jr oe djvhrebhet; a prjcjue` "Gyfhr" jppjrtueoty.

Oe Oeòa, tmh prhshet hùgatojeal systhb os sugm tmat a Phgmejl-jdy stu`het mas ej hxpjsurh tj Law ae` a Law stu`het mas ej hxpj-

surh tj Phgmejljdy. Mhegh a Gjbputhr sgohegh stu`het oe a Gjllhdh

os taudmt mjw tj `hvhljp prjdrabs tmat gae autjbatogally traesbot

àta agrjss tmh Oethreht roòed je a PGY/OY pagkht, wotmjut alhrt-

oed mob je gyfhr grobhs sugm as Magkoed jr Sorus oetrjùgtoje. Pmh

Law stu`hets je tmh jtmhr mae` arh taudmt afjut Pra`h Barks ae`

Gjpyrodmts wotmjut rhgjdeozoed tmhor obplogatojes je tmh Hlhgtrjeog

`jgubhets. As a rhsult, ehotmhr tmh Phgmejljdost ejr tmh Lawyhr os

traoeh` oe mos cjrbatovh yhars tj ue`hrstae` Gyfhr Law.

O tmhrhcjrh chlt tmat tmhrh was a ehh` cjr thgmej-lhdal hxphrts tj

`h-gjòcy Gyfhr Law ae` bakh ot pjssoflh cjr a lardh shgtoje jc tmh

sjgohty takh up stu`y jc Gyfhr Law. Ot os hevosadh` tmat oe cuturh,

Hedoehhroed, Gjbbhrgh ae` Baeadhbhet Gjllhdhs woll thagm Gyfhr


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Law as ae hxthesoje jc Gjbputhr Wgohegh, Gjbbhrgh ae` Baeadh-

bhet Hùgatoje, hvhe wmolh tmh Law Gjllhdhs try tj hxthe` tmhor

gjvhradh jc Groboeal Laws ae` OYV laws tj tmh Gyfhr wjrl`.

Pmos fjjk a``rhsshs baey jc tmh lhdal ossuhs, jc gjursh, ae` oesj joed dovhs tmh rha`hr ae oesodmt oetj tmhsh jppjrtueotohs. Ehh`-

lhss tj say tmat, tjày's lawyhrs mavh ae ueparallhlh` jppjrtueoty

ae` O hegjuradh aeyjeh oethrhsth` oe tmos lhdal spagh tj shozh tmos

ae` rosh tj tmh gmallhedh.

Lastly, O smjul` lokh tj agkejwlh`dh by gjeso`hraflh `hft tj

baey phjplh ae` oestotutojes tmat mavh mhlph` bh uroed tmos fjjk.

Lht bh say corst tmat tmhy arh rhspjesoflh cjr baey jc tmh o`has oetmos fjjk fut tmat jely O wosm tj fh mhl` rhspjesoflh. By drhathst

`hft os tj by catmhr @r. SOEJ@ KXBAV wmj taudmt bh ae` oe-

sporh` tj rhshargm ae` traeslath tmat oetj baeusgropt. Br. VANSHHV

WOEDM (WHEOJV BAEADHV, OP @hpt. MAL, KAEYXV) ae` EABAE

SOEJ@ (OECJW_W, YXEH) taudmt bh varojus gjeghpts jc Oecjrba-

toje Phgmejljdy ae` prjvo`h` uegjeòtojeal suppjrt tmrjudmjut

tmos ùratoje.

SOYXLL SOEJ@

AWWOWPAEP YVJCHWWJV

@VBLELX, LXGKEJT


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GJEPHEPWGMAYPHV O

YVHLOBOEAV_ 1?

Whgtoje 1> Wmjrt Potlh, Hxthet, Gjbbheghbhet ae`

Applogatoje 1?

Whgtoje 6> @hcoeotojes 1?

Tmhtmhr APB os gjbputhr 60GMAYPHV OO

@ODOPAL WODEAPXVH AE@ HLHGPVJEOG WODEAPXVH 7=

Hvjlutoje jc @odotal Wodeaturh 7=

@odotal Wodeaturh 7?

@odotal Vhvjlutoje oe Oeòa 01

Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh ae` @odotal Wodeaturh 06

@odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath (@WG) 07

Pyphs jc @odotal Wodeaturhs 07@odotal Wodeaturhs ae` Hvo`hegh Agt 00

@odotal Wodeaturhs ae` Oeòae Yheal Gj`h 08

Whgtoje 7> Autmhetogatoje jc hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`s 08

Whgtoje 7-A> Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh 0=

Hvjlutoje jc Hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh 81

GMAYPHV OOO

HLHGPVJEOG DJSHVEAEGH 87

Xe`hrstaeòed h- Djvhreaegh 87Wgjph jc H-Djvhreaegh 87

H-Gotozhesmop 80

H-Vhdostratoje 80

H-Praespjrtatoje 80

H-Mhaltm 88

H-Hùgatoje 88

H-Mhlp 88H-Paxatoje 88

H-@hbjgragy 88

H-Chh`fagk 83

H-a`boeostratoje 83

H-pjlogh 83


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= Gyfhr ae` Phgmejljdy Laws

H-gjurts 83

H-Paxatoje 83

H-Loghesoed 84

H-Phe`hroed 84@occhrhegh fhtwhhe h-djvhreaegh ae` h-djvhrebhet 84

Jfnhgtovhs jc H-Djvhreaegh 8=

Pj fuol` ae oecjrbh` sjgohty 8=

Pj oegrhash Djvhrebhet ae` Gotozhe Oethragtoje 8=

Pj hegjuradh gotozhe partogopatoje 8=

Pj froed traesparhegy oe tmh djvhreoed prjghss 8=

Pj bakh tmh Djvhrebhet aggjuetaflh 8=

Pj rhùgh tmh gjst jc Djvhreaegh 8=Pj rhùgh tmh rhagtoje tobh jc tmh Djvhrebhet 8=

Eatojeal h-Djvhreaegh Ylae> tmh gjbbje cuturh jc all 8?

Gjbbje Wuppjrt Oecrastrugturh 8?

Whgtoje 0> Lhdal Vhgjdeotoje jc Hlhgtrjeog Vhgjr`s 31

Whgtoje 8> Lhdal rhgjdeotoje jc [Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh 31

Whgtoje 3> Xsh jc Hlhgtrjeog Vhgjr`s ae` Hlhgtrjeog

Wodeaturh oe Djvhrebhet ae` ots adhegohs 36

Whgtoje 3-A> @hlovhry jc Whrvoghs fy Whrvogh Yrjvo`hr 37

Whgtoje 4> Vhthetoje jc Hlhgtrjeog Vhgjr`s 30

Whgtoje 4-A> Auòt jc @jgubhets htg. oe Hlhgtrjeog cjrb 38

Whgtoje => Yuflogatoje jc rulhs, rhdulatoje, htg, oe

Hlhgtrjeog Dazhtth 33

Whgtoje ?> Whgtojes 3, 4 ae` = Ejt tj Gjechr Vodmt tj oesost

`jgubhet smjul` fh agghpth` oe hlhgtrjeog cjrb 34

Whgtoje 19> Yjwhr tj Bakh Vulhs fy Ghetral Djvhrebhet oerhsphgt jc Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh 3=

Whgtoje 19-A> Saloòty jc gjetragts cjrbh` tmrjudm

hlhgtrjeog bhaes 3?

GMAYPHV OS

APPVOFXPOJE, AGKEJTLH@DBHEP AE@ @OWYAPGM

JC HLHGPVJEOG VHGJV@W 41

Whgtoje 11> Attrofutoje jc Hlhgtrjeog Vhgjr`s 41

Whgtoje 16> Agkejwlh`dhbhet jc Vhghopt 46Tmhe h-gjbbhrgh os foeòed 40

Whgtoje 17> Pobh ae` plagh jc òspatgm ae` rhghopt jc

hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` 48


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Gyfhr ae` Phgmejljdy Laws ?

GMAYPHV S

WHGXVH HLHGPVJEOG VHGJV@W AE@ WHGXVH

HLHGPVJEOG WODEAPXVHW 4?

Whgtoje 10> Whgurh Hlhgtrjeog Vhgjr`s 4?

Whgtoje 18> Whgurh Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh =9

Whgtoje 13> Whguroty prjghùrhs ae` Yragtoghs =1

GMAYPHV SO

VHDXLAPOJE JC GHVPOC_OED AXPMJVOPOHW =6

Whgtoje 14> Appjoetbhet jc Gjetrjllhr ae` jtmhr jccoghrs =6

Whgtoje 1=> Cuegtojes jc Gjetrjllhr =3

Whgtoje 1?> Vhgjdeotoje jc cjrhode Ghrtocyoed Autmjrotohs =4

Whgtoje 69> Gjetrjllhr tj agt as rhpjsotjry =?Whgtoje 61> Loghesh tj ossuh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh ghrtocogaths =?

Jvhrall Baeadhbhet ae` Jflodatojes ?7

Ghrtocogath ae` Khy Baeadhbhet ?7

Wysthbs ae` Jphratojes ?0

Ymysogal, prjghùral ae` phrsjeehl shguroty ?0

Coeaegoal ?8

Gjbploaegh Auòts ?8

Whgtoje 66> Applogatoje cjr loghesh ?8Whgtoje 67> Vhehwal jc loghesh ?4

Whgtoje 60> Yrjghùrh cjr draet jr rhnhgtoje jc loghesh ?=

Whgtoje 68> Wusphesoje jc Loghesh ?=

Dovoed a rhasjeaflh jppjrtueoty jc smjwoed gaush adaoest

tmh prjpjsh` susphesoje jc loghegh 199

Oequory adaoest tmh agtojes takhe fy ghrtocyoed autmjroty 199

Wusphesoje jc loghegh pheòed tmh gjbplhtoje jc aey oequory

jr`hrh` fy mob 191

Dovoed a rhasjeaflh jppjrtueoty jc smjwoed gaush adaoest

tmh prjpjsh` rhvjgatoje jc loghegh 191

Vhvjgatoje jc tmh loghegh 191

Whgtoje 63> Ejtogh jc susphesoje jr rhvjgatoje jc loghesh 196

Whgtoje 64> Yjwhr tj `hlhdath 190

Whgtoje 6=> Yjwhr tj oevhstodath gjetravhetojes 198

Yjwhr rhdaròed òsgjvhry, prjùgtoje jc hvo`hegh, htg 194Yjwhr rhdaròed Whargm ae` shozurh 194

Yjwhr tj rhquosotoje fjjks jc aggjuet, htg 19=

Yjwhr tj gall cjr oecjrbatoje 19?

Yjwhr jc survhy 119


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Yjwhr tj gjllhgt ghrtaoe oecjrbatoje 119

Yjwhr tj oesphgt rhdosthrs jc gjbpaeohs 119

Yjwhr tj bakh ae hequory 119

Yrjghhòeds fhcjrh tmh Gjetrjllhr tj fh nuògoal

prjghhòeds cjr loboth` purpjshs 111

Whgtoje 6?> Agghss tj gjbputhrs ae` àta 111

Whgtoje 79> Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty tj cjlljw ghrtaoe prjghùrhs 117

Tmat os rhpjsotjry 118

Whgtoje 71> Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty tj hesurh gjbploaegh jc

tmh Agt, htg. 113

Whgtoje 76> @osplay jc loghesh 114

Whgtoje 77> Wurrhe`hr jc loghesh 114Caolurh tj Wurrhe`hr tmh Loghegh os a Yueosmaflh Jcchegh 11=

Whgtoje 70> @osgljsurh 11=

GMAYPHV SOO

HLHGPVJEOG WODEAPXVH GHVPOCOGAPHW 166

Whgtoje 78> Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty tj ossuh Hlhgtrjeog

Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath 166

Whgtoje 73> Vhprhshetatojes upje ossuaegh jc @odotal

Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath 160Whgtoje 74> Wusphesoje jc @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath 168

Ghrtocogath Vhvjgatoje Lost (GVL) 163

Whgtoje 7=> Vhvjgatoje jc @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath 164

Whgtoje 7?> Ejtogh jc susphesoje jr rhvjgatoje 179

GMAYPHV SOOO

@XPOHW JC WXFWGVOFHVW 176

Whgtoje 09> Dhehratoed Khy Yaor 176

Whgtoje 09-A> @utohs jc sufsgrofhr jc Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh

Ghrtocogath 177

Whgtoje 01> Agghptaegh jc @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath 177

Whgtoje 06> Gjetrjl jc Yrovath Khy 170

GMAYPHV O]

YHEALPOHW, GJBYHEWAPOJE AE@ A@NX@OGAPOJE 173

Whgtoje 07> Yhealty ae` Gjbphesatoje cjr àbadh tj

gjbputhr, gjbputhr systhb, htg. 173Whgtoje 07A> Gjbphesatoje cjr caolurh tj prjthgt àta 106

Whgtoje 00> Yhealty cjr caolurh tj cureosm oecjrbatoje,

rhture, htg. 108

Whgtoje 08> Vhsoùary Yhealty 103

Whgtoje 03> Yjwhr tj A`nuògath 104


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Whgtoje 04> Cagtjrs tj fh takhe oetj aggjuet fy tmh

a`nuògatoed jccoghr 189

Daoe jc uecaor a`vaetadh 181

Abjuet jc ljss gaush` tj aey phrsje 186

GMAYPHV ]

PMH G_FHV AYYHLLAPH PVOFXEAL 180

Whgtoje 0=> Hstaflosmbhet jc Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal 188

Whgtoje 0?> Gjbpjsotoje jc Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal 183

Whgtoje 89> Qualocogatojes cjr appjoetbhet as

Gmaorphrsje ae` Bhbfhrs jc Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal 18=

Whgtoje 81> Phrb jc jccogh, gjeòtojes jc shrvogh htg jc

Gmaorphrsje ae` Bhbfhrs 18?Whgtoje 86> Walary, alljwaegh ae` jtmhr thrbs ae`

gjeòtojes jc shrvogh jc Gmaorphrsje ae` Bhbfhr 139

Whgtoje 86-A> Yjwhrs jc suphroethe`hegh, òrhgtoje, htg. 139

Whgtoje 86-F> @ostrofutoje jc Fusoehss abjed Fhegmhs 131

Whgtoje 86-G> Yjwhrs jc tmh Gmaorphrsje tj traeschr gashs 131

Whgtoje 86-@> @hgosoje fy banjroty 136

Whgtoje 87> Colloed up jc vagaegohs 136

Whgtoje 80> Vhsodeatoje ae` rhbjval 137Whgtoje 88> Jr`hrs gjestotutoed Apphllath Profueal tj fh

coeal ae` ejt tj oevaloàth ots prjghhòeds 138

Whgtoje 83> Wtacc jc tmh Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal 138

Whgtoje 84> Apphal tj Gyfhr Vhdulatojes Apphllath Profueal 133

Whgtoje 8=> Yrjghùrh ae` Yjwhrs jc tmh Gyfhr Apphllath

Profueal 13?

Whgtoje 8?> Vodmt tj lhdal rhprhshetatoje 146

Whgtoje 39> Lobotatoje 147

Whgtoje 31> Govol gjurt ejt tj mavh nurosògtoje 147

Whgtoje 36> Apphal tj Modm gjurt 148

Whgtoje 37> Gjbpjueòed jc Gjetravhetoje 143

Whgtoje 30> Vhgjvhry jc Yhealty jr gjbphesatoje 144

GMAYPHV ]O

JCCHEGHW 14=

Tmj os tmh gjbphthet autmjroty tj try jccheghs ue`hrGmapthr ]O jc tmh O.P. Agt 14=

Whgtoje 38 - Pabphroed wotm gjbputhr sjurgh `jgubhets - 14?

Ghll pmjeh ueljgkoed abjuet tj thbphroed oe gjbputhr

sjurgh gj`h 1=9


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@hlhtoje jc oecjrbatoje oe a gjbputhr gae ejt abjuet tj ae

jcchegh ue`hr shgtoje 38 jc tmh OP agt, 6999 1=1

Phbphroed wotm autjbatog folloed bagmoeh abjuets tj

thbphroed gjbputhr sjurgh gj`h 1=6

Whgtoje 33> Gjbputhr Vhlath` Jccheghs 1=0

Whgtoje 33A> Yueosmbhet cjr sheòed jcchesovh bhssadhs

tmrjudm gjbbueogatoje shrvogh, htg. - 1?8

Wheòed vs. Yuflosmoed 1?=

Whgtoje 33-F> Yueosmbhet cjr òsmjehstly rhghovoed stjlhe

gjbputhr rhsjurgh jr gjbbueogatoje `hvogh 696

Whgtoje 33-G> Yueosmbhet cjr o`hetoty tmhct 697

Whgtoje 33-@> Yueosmbhet cjr gmhatoed fy phrsjeatojefy usoed gjbputhr rhsjurgh 694

Whgtoje 33-H> Yueosmbhet cjr vojlatoje jc provagy 619

Whgtoje 33-C> Yueosmbhet cjr gyfhr thrrjrosb 614

Whgtoje 34> Yueosmbhet cjr puflosmoed jr traesbottoed

jfsgheh bathroal oe hlhgtrjeog cjrb 669

Tatgmoed pjrejdrapmy ej jcchegh> OYG ae` OP Agt 661

Wobolaroty jc shgtoje 34 OP agt 6999 ae` shgtoje 6?6 OYG 66?

Whgtoje 34-F> Yueosmbhet cjr puflosmoed jr traesbottoed jcbathroal `hpogtoed gmol`rhe oe shxually hxplogot agt, htg.

oe hlhgtrjeog cjrb 671

Whgtoje 34-G> Yrhshrvatoje ae` Vhthetoje jc oecjrbatoje

fy oethrbhòarohs 676

Whgtoje 3=> Yjwhr jc Gjetrjllhr tj dovh òrhgtojes 677

Whgtoje 3?> Yjwhrs tj ossuh òrhgtojes cjr oethrghptoje jr

bjeotjroed jr `hgryptoje jc aey oecjrbatoje tmrjudm

aey gjbputhr rhsjurgh 677

Oecjrbatoje thgmejljdy Agt, 6999 ae` Oeòae Phlhdrapm

Agt jc 1==8 670

Whgtoje 3?-A> Yjwhr tj ossuh òrhgtojes cjr fljgkoed cjr

puflog agghss jc aey oecjrbatoje tmrjudm aey

gjbputhr rhsjurgh 678

Whgtoje 3?-F> Yjwhr tj autmjrosh tj bjeotjr ae` gjllhgt

traccog àta jr oecjrbatoje tmrjudm aey gjbputhrrhsjurgh cjr Gyfhr Whguroty 674

Whgtoje 49> Yrjthgth` systhb 67?

Whgtoje 49-A> Eatojeal Ejàl Adhegy 606

Whgtoje 49-F> Oeòae Gjbputhr Hbhrdhegy Vhspjesh Phab

tj shrvh as eatojeal adhegy cjr oego`het rhspjesh 607


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Whgtoje 41> Yhealty cjr bosrhprhshetatoje 604

Whgtoje 46> Yhealty cjr frhagm jc gjeco`hetoaloty ae` provagy 60=

Whgtoje 46-A> Yueosmbhet cjr @osgljsurh jc oecjrbatoje

oe frhagm jc lawcul gjetragt 689

@occhrhegh fhtwhhe Whgtoje 46 ae` Whgtoje 46A 681

Whgtoje 47> Yhealty cjr puflosmoed hlhgtrjeog

Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath calsh oe ghrtaoe partogulars 686

Whgtoje 40> Yuflogatoje cjr crauùlhet purpjsh 686

Whgtoje 48> Agt tj apply cjr jcchegh jr gjetravhetojes

gjbbotth` jutso`h Oeòa 687

Whgtoje 43> Gjecosgatoje 684

Whgtoje 44> Gjbphesatoje, phealtohs jr gjecosgatoje ejt tjoethrchrh wotm jtmhr pueosmbhet 68=

Whgtoje 44-A> Gjbpjueòed jc Jccheghs 68=

Whgtoje 44-F> Jccheghs wotm tmrhh yhars obprosjebhet tj fh

gjdeozaflh 68?

Whgtoje 4=> Yjwhr tj oevhstodath jccheghs 639

GMAYPHV ]OO

OEPHVBH@OAVOHW EJP PJ FH LOAFLH OE

GHVPAOE GAWHW 636Whgtoje 4?> Hxhbptoje crjb loafoloty jc oethrbhòary oe

ghrtaoe gashs 636

GMAYPHV ]OO-A

H]ABOEHV JC HLHGPVJEOG HSO@HEGH 647

Whgtoje 4?-A> Ghetral Djvhrebhet tj ejtocy Hxaboehr jc

Hlhgtrjeog Hvo`hegh 647

GMAYPHV ]OOO

BOWGHLLAEHJXW 640

Whgtoje =9> Yjwhr jc Yjlogh Jccoghr ae` Jtmhr Jccoghrs

tj Hethr, Whargm, htg. 640

Whgtoje =1> Agt tj mavh Jvhrroòed hcchgt 648

Whgtoje =1-A> Applogatoje jc tmh Agt tj Hlhgtrjeog gmhquh

ae` Pruegath` gmhquh 644

Whgtoje =6> Gmaorphrsje, Bhbfhrs, Jccoghrs ae`

Hbpljyhhs tj fh Yuflog Whrvaets 64=Whgtoje =7> Yjwhr tj Dovh @orhgtojes 64=

Whgtoje =0> Yrjthgtoje jc Agtoje takhe oe Djj` Caotm 64?

Whgtoje =0A>Bj`hs jr bhtmj`s cjr hegryptoje 64?

Whgtoje =0-F> Yueosmbhet cjr afhtbhet jc jccheghs 64?

Whgtoje =0-G> Yueosmbhet cjr atthbpt tj gjbbot jccheghs 6=9


15/293


Whgtoje =8> Jccheghs fy Gjbpaeohs 6=9

Whgtoje =3> Vhbjval jc @occogultohs 6=6

Whgtoje =4> Yjwhr jc Ghetral Djvhrebhet tj bakh rulhs 6=7

Whgtoje ==> Gjestotutoje jc A`vosjry Gjbbotthh 6=4

Whgtoje =?> Yjwhr jc Gjetrjllhr tj bakh Vhdulatojes 6==

Whgtoje ?9> Yjwhr jc Wtath Djvhrebhet tj bakh rulhs 6?9

Whgtoje ?1> Abhe`bhet jc Agt 08 jc 1=39 6?1

Whgtoje ?6> Abhe`bhet jc Agt 1 jc 1=46 6?1

Whgtoje ?7> Abhe`bhet jc Agt 1= jc 1=?1 6?1

Whgtoje ?0> Abhe`bhet jc Agt 6 jc 1?70 6?1


16/293


GAWHW

A. Wmaekar W/j. K. Agmobutmu Ss. Wtath rhp. fy @hputy

Wuphroethe`het jc Yjlogh, Gyfhr Grobh Ghll Grobh

Fraegm GO@ 609

Afùl Mabo` ae` Aejtmhr Ss. G.F.O 666

Afmonotm V. Yrasa` Ss. Wtath jc Khrala Vhprhsheth` ae`

Pmh Gorglh Oesphgtjr jc Yjlogh 667

Afmoeav Dupta Ss.Wtath jc Maryaea 147, 1=8

Aehhta Maà Ss. Dj`catmhr Pravhls ae` Pjurs Yvt. Lt`. 6=6

Aveosm Fanan Ss. Wtath 6=6Faeyae Prhh Mjlòeds Loboth` Ss. B. Buralo Krosmea

Vh``y ae` Aer 687

@ohfjl` Wysthbs Yvt. Lt`. vs. Pmh Gjbbossojehr jc

Gjbbhrgoal Paxhs 60

@marabfor vs. GFO 6=, 71

Hfay Oeòa Yvt. Lt`. Ss. Wtath ae` Aer 6=6

Djjdlh Oeòa Yvt. Lt`.Ss. Soeay Vao ae` Aer 63=

Natae Pmakur (@r.) Ss.Xeoje jc Oeòa & Jrs 14=NGF Oeòa Lt`. Ss. O.Y. A``rhss> 166.137.?=.133 ae` Jrs 63=

K.K.Shlusaby vs. E.Yalaeosaby 71

Kjsmy Ss. Wtath jc Khrala 1=?

Kulwoe`hr Woedm Ss. Wtath jc Yuenaf 617

Baqfjjl Coà Musaoe Ss. Van Kubar Yae`hy 66?

Bhmarfae kmae vs. XJO 648

Eorav Eavoefmao Wmam ae` 0 Jrs. Ss. Wtath jc Dunarat

ae` Aer 1?1

Jrossa Gjesubhrs Assjgoatoje vs. Jrossa Hlhgtrogoty

Vhdulatjry 71

Jrossa Gjesubhrs Assjgoatoje vs. Jrossa Hlhgtrogoty

Vhdulatjry Autmjroty 34

Vanov @oehsm Da`karo tmrjudm Y.A. @hpabala Da`karo Ss.

Wbt. Eolaedo Vanov Da`karo 668

Vjuthrbaeoa Phgmejljdohs (Y.) vs. OPJ 63Wab`hhp Sardmhsh Ss. Wtath jc Khrala ae` Jrs 698, 69=

Waenay Kubar KhòaSs. Eargjtogs Gjetrjl Furhau ae` Aer 63?

Watoe`hrnot Woedm Ss. Wtath jc Yuenaf 693

Wobje @uejlz ae` Jtmhrs Ss. Wtath jc Xttarakmae` 1?6

Wtath jc Pabol Eaù vs Wumas Katto 661


17/293


Wueey @mobae Ss.Wtath jc Yuenaf 616

Xeostal Wysthb Yvt. Lt`. Ss. Yrjàta @jgtjr Yvt. Lt` 1=7

Sarpaul Woedm Ss. Wtath jc Yuenaf 1=6

Syakto Sokas Khe`ra, Oeòa Yuflog Gmarotaflh Prust Pmr

Prusthh Bamhsm Dupta & JrsSs.Nothe`hr Fadda & Aer 649

WPAPXPHW

Gj`h jc Groboeal Yrjghùrh, 1?47

Gjbpaeohs Agt 1?83Hedlosm Wtatuths jc Crau`

Coeaegh Agt 1??0

Dhehral Glaushs Agt, 1=?4

Oegjbh Pax Agt 1?31

Oeòa Yjst Jccogh Agt 1=?=

Oeòae Hvo`hegh Agt 1=46

Oeòae Yheal Gj`h, 1=39

Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Abhe`bhet Agt, 699=

Loboth` Loafoloty Yartehrsmop Agt 699=

Phlhdrapm Agt 1==8

Pmh Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal (Walary, Alljwaeghs ae` jtmhr

thrbs ae` gjeòtojes jc shrvogh jc Gmaorphrsje ae`

Bhbfhrs) Vulhs, 699?

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Hlhgtrjeog Whrvogh @hlovhry)

Vulhs, 6911Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Duo`hloehs cjr Gyfhr Gach)

Vulhs, 6911

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Oethrbhòarohs duo`hloehs)

Vulhs, 6911

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Vhasjeaflh shguroty pragtoghs

ae` Yrjghùrhs ae` shesotovh phrsjeal àta jr

oecjrbatoje) Vulhs, 6911

JPMHV AXPMJVOPOHW

@hpartbhet jc A`boeostratovh Vhcjrbs ae` Yuflog Drohvaeghs

@hpartbhet jc Hlhgtrjeogs ae` Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy

mttps>//eogga.eog.oe/

Bossoje Bj`h Yrjnhgts


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VXLHW

Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal (Yrjghùrh) Vulhs, 6999

Djvhrebhet jc Oeòa (Alljgatoje jc Fusoehss Vulhs)

Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Ghrtocyoed Autmjrotohs)

Vulhs, 6999

Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Oethrbhòary Duo`hloehs)

Vulhs, 6911

Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Yrjghùrh ae` Wachduar`s cjr

Oethrghptoje, Bjeotjroed ae` @hgryptoje jc Oecjrbatoje)

Vulhs, 699?Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Yrjghùrh ae` Wachduar`s cjr

Oethrghptoje, Bjeotjroed, ae` @hgryptoje jc Oecjrbatoje)

Vulhs 699?

Pmh Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal (Yrjghùrh cjr oevhstodatoje

jc Bosfhmavojur jr Oegapagoty jc Gmaorphrsje ae` Bhbfhrs)

Vulhs, 699?

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty)

Vhdulatojes, 6991Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Oethrbhòarohs Duo`hloehs)

Vulhs, 6911

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Jtmhr Wtaeàr`s) Vulhs, 6997

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Yrjghùrh ae` Wachduar`

cjr Bjeotjroed ae` Gjllhgtoed Praccog @ata jr Oecjrbatoje)

Vulhs, 699?

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Yrjghùrh ae` Wachduar`s cjr

Fljgkoed cjr Agghss jc Oecjrbatoje fy Yuflog), 699?

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Yrjghùrh ae` Wachduar`s

cjr oethrghptoje, bjeotjroed ae` `hgryptoje jc oecjrbatoje)

Vulhs, 699?

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Vhasjeaflh shguroty pragtoghs

ae` prjghùrhs ae` shesotovh phrsjeal àta jr oecjrbatoje)

Vulhs, 6911

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Whguroty Yrjghùrh)Vulhs, 6990

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Xsh jc hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`s ae`

òdotal sodeaturhs) Vulhs, 6990

VHDXLAPOJEW

BGA-61


19/293

1= Gyfhr ae` Phgmejljdy Laws

AFFVHSOAPOJEW

OLV > Oe`oae Law Vhpjrts

AOV > All Oe`oa Vhpjrthr

@LP > @hlmo Law Pobhs

WGG > Wuprhbh Gjurt Gashs

BAEX > Baeupatra

DLP > Daumato Law Pobhs

Gro.L.N > Groboeal Law Njureal

DLV > Dunrat Law Vhpjrt KLN > Khrala Law Njureal

FJBLV > Fjbfay Law Vhpjrts

YPG > Yathet & Pra`h Barks Gashs

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt, 6999

As abhe`h` fy

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy (Abhe`bhet) Agt, 699=


20/293

Gyfhr ae` Phgmejljdy Laws 1?

GMAYPHV O

YVHLOBOEAV_

Whgtoje 1> Wmjrt Potlh, Hxthet, Gjbbheghbhet ae`

Applogatoje>-

(1) Pmos Agt bay fh gallh` tmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejl-

jdy Agt, 6999. [As Abhe`h` fy Oecjrbatoje thgmejljdy(Abhe`bhet) Agt 699=R

(6) Ot small hxthe` tj tmh wmjlh jc Oeòa ae`, savh as

jtmhrwosh prjvo`h` oe tmos Agt, ot applohs alsj tj aey jc-

chegh jr gjetravhetoje tmhrh ue`hr gjbbotth` jutso`h

Oeòa fy aey phrsje.

(7) Ot small gjbh oetj cjrgh je sugm ath as tmh Ghetral

Djvhrebhet bay, fy ejtocogatoje, appjoet ae` òcchrhet

àths bay fh appjoeth` cjr òcchrhet prjvosojes jc tmosAgt ae` aey rhchrhegh oe aey sugm prjvosoje tj tmh gjb-

bheghbhet jc tmos Agt small fh gjestruh` as a rhchrhegh

tj tmh gjbbheghbhet jc tmat prjvosoje. [Agt ejtocoh`

wotm hcchgt crjb Jgtjfhr 14, 6999. Abhe`bhets vo`h

OPAA-699= ejtocoh` wotm hcchgt crjb....R

(0) (Wufstotuth` So`h OPAA-699=) Ejtmoed oe tmos Agt

small apply tj `jgubhets jr traesagtojes sphgocoh` oetmh Corst Wgmhùlh>

Yrjvo`h` tmat tmh Ghetral Djvhrebhet bay, fy ejtoco-

gatoje oe tmh Jccogoal Dazhtth, abhe` tmh Corst Wgmhùlh

fy way jc a`òtoje jr `hlhtoje jc hetrohs tmhrhtj.

(8) Hvhry ejtocogatoje ossuh` ue`hr suf-shgtoje (0)

small fh lao` fhcjrh hagm Mjush jc Yarloabhet

Whgtoje 6> @hcoeotojes - (1) Oe tmos Agt, uelhss tmhgjethxt jtmhrwosh rhquorhs, -

6 (a) agghss wotm ots drabbatogal varoatojes ae`

gjdeath hxprhssojes bhaes daoeoed hetry oetj, oestrugt-

oed jr gjbbueogatoed wotm tmh ljdogal, arotmbhtogal, jr

bhbjry cuegtoje rhsjurghs jc a gjbputhr, gjbputhr


21/293


systhb jr gjbputhr ehtwjrk.

Agghssoe Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt 6999 bhaes, provolhdh

tj ush gjbputhr oecjrbatoje oe sjbh baeehr jr tmh agt jc rhaòed

àta crjb; jr wrotoed ata tj a stjradh hvogh. Bjrh sphgocogally, ag-

ghss jcthe bhaes tj rha` àta crjb jr wroth àta tj a bass stjradh

`hvogh.A ushr gae agghss colhs, òrhgtjrohs, gjbputhrs, phropmhral

`hvoghs jr jtmhr gjbputhrs loekh` jr gjeehgth` wotm jeh aejtmhr.

Cjr hxabplh, a ushr bodmt fh draeth` rha` agghss tj a colh, bhae-

oed tmat tmh ushr gae rha` tmh colh fut gaeejt bjòcy jr hlhth ot.Bjst

jphratoed systhbs mavh shvhral òcchrhet typhs jc agghss provolhdhs

tmat gae fh draeth` jr `heoh` tj sphgocog ushrs jr drjups jc ushrs.

Curtmhr prjdrabs gae agghss bhbjry, wmogm bhaes tmhy rha` àtacrjb jr wroth àta tj baoe bhbjry.

Gjbbje kejwlh`dh prhvaols tmat gjbputhr wjrks je ljdogal

ae` arotmbhtogal proegoplhs ae` aey oestrugtoje tj gjbputhr woll

corst traeslath` oetj ljdogal ae` arotmbhtogal laeduadh ae` sobolarly

jutput woll fh traeslath` crjb ljdogal ae` arotmbhtogal laeduadh tj

`hsorh` oecjrbatoje.

Pmh tobh ot takhs tj ljgath a soedlh fyth jc oecjrbatoje je a

bass-stjradh `hvogh os gallh` tmh agghss tobh.6 (f) a``rhsshh bhaes a phrsje wmj os oethe`h` fy

tmh jrodoeatjr tj rhghovh tmh hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` fut `jhs

ejt oeglu`h aey oethrbhòary.

A``rhsshh oe Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt 6999 os `hcoeh` as

tmh phrsje, gjbpaey, jr tmh lokh tj wmjb aehlhgtrjeog rhgjr` jr

pohgh jc hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` os a``rhssh`.

Lhts takh tmh hxabplh jc h-baol, as tmh hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`. Bj`-

hre hbaol jphraths agrjss tmh Oethreht jr jtmhr gjbputhr ehtwjrks.

Pmus oc yju she` ae h-baol a``rhssoed tj yjur crohe` sottoed ehxt tj

yju, ot bodmt passh` tmrjudm shvhral gjbputhrs ae` varojus eht-

wjrks fhcjrh gjboed tj yjur crohe`. As phr tmos hcoeotoje a``rhsshh

os yjur crohe` fut ejt tmjsh shvhral gjbputhrs ae` ehtwjrks wmogm

grjssh` ùroed tmos.

Xe`hrstae` ot as oc yju mavh pjsth` a lhtthr tj yjur frjtmhr

wjrkoed oe XWA. Pmos lhtthr wjul` grjss shvhral mae`s, h.d. pjst-bae, aorpjrt autmjrotohs htg.; fut ejeh jc tmhb os a``rhsshh fut

yjur frjtmhr.

Ejrbally ae a``rhsshh woll hvhetually fh a rhgopohet, uelhss

tmhrh os a caolurh at sjbh pjoet (ae h-baol fjueghs) jr tmh bhs-

sadh os rhòrhgth` tj a òcchrhet a``rhsshh.


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6 (g) a`nuògatoed jccoghr bhaes ae a`nuògatoed

jccoghr appjoeth` ue`hr sufshgtoje (1)jc shgtoje 03;

A`nuògatoed lothrally bhaes tj mhar ae` `hgo`h (a gash) jr

tj shrvh as a nu`dh oe jr je a òsputh jr prjflhb. Mjwhvhr tmh

prjvosojes jc OP Agt 6999, hesurhs tmh hstaflosmbhet jc tmh jccogh

jc A`nuògatoed Jccoghr. A`nuògatoed Jccoghr mas all tmh pjwhrs jc

Govol Gjurt.

6 (`) accoxoed odotal sodeaturh wotm ots drabbatogal

varoatojes ae` gjdeath hxprhssojes bhaes a`jptoje jc

aey bhtmj`jljdy jr prjghùrh fy a phrsje cjr tmh pur-

pjsh jc autmhetogatoed ae hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` fy bhaes jc

[Hlhgtrjeog WodeaturhR1

;As phr tmh shgtoje 7(83) Dhehral Glaushs Agt, 1=?4, tmh wjr`

sode, wotm ots drabbatogal varoatojes ae` gjdeath hxprhssoje,

small, wotm rhchrhegh tj a phrsje wmj os ueaflh tj wroth mos eabh,

oeglu`hbark. Mjwhvhr tmos `hcoeotoje `jhs ejt agtually `hcoehs

tmh thrb fut jely staths tmat accoxoed aey bark, oe gash jc phrsje

ueaflh tj wroth, wjul` abjuet tj sode.

Tmolh oethrprhtoed shgtoje 14 jc Hedlosm Wtatuths jc Crau`,

Hedlosm gjurt mhl` tmat a party tj a gjetragt sodes mos eabh oe aeyparty jc ot oe sugm a way as tj agkejwlh`dhbhet tmat mh os tmh party

gjetragtoed, tmat os succogohet sodeaturh.

Ot smjul` ejt fh bosue`hrstjj` wotm hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh. Fjtm

arh òcchrhet ae` arh ejt syejeybs. Ot gae fh ejtogh` tmat tmh thrb

hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh os vhry wo`h ae` òdotal sodeaturh os jely jeh

jc tmh baey koe`s jc hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh jeh gae hevosadh.

Pmh fasog purpjsh jc odotal sodeaturh os ejt òcchrhet crjb gje-

vhetojeal sodeaturh. Pmh purpjsh tmhrhcjrh os tj autmhetogath tmh

`jgubhet, tj o`hetocy tmh phrsje ae` tj bakh tmh gjethets jc tmh

`jgubhet foeòed je phrsje puttoed òdotal sodeaturh.

6 (h) apprjproath djvhrebhet bhaes as rhsphgts

aey batthr,

O. Heubhrath` oe Lost OO jc tmh Whvhetm Wgmhùlh tj

tmh Gjestotutoje;

OO. rhlatoed tj aey Wtath law heagth` ue`hr Lost OOO jctmh Whvhetm Wgmhùlh tj tmh Gjestotutoje;

tmh Wtath Djvhrebhet ae` oe aey jtmhr gash, tmh

Ghetral Djvhrebhet;

Dhehrally ot os jfshrvh` tmat shvhral statuths wmogm `hcoehs tmh

thrb apprjproath djvhrebhet, bhaes tmat oc tmh sufnhgt batthr os


23/293


rhlath` tj tmh pjwhrs jc tmh stath djvhrebhet jr os gjbhs ue`hr tmh

stath lost, tmhe apprjproath djvhrebhet woll bhae tmh stath djvhre-

bhet, wmolh oc tmh sufnhgt batthr os rhlath` tj tmh pjwhr jc ghetral

djvhrebhet jr gjbhs ue`hr tmh ueoje lost, apprjproath djvhrebhet

woll bhae ghetral djvhrebhet.

Ot gae fh curtmhr jfshrvh` tmat tmos os ejt vhry strogt rulh ae`

tmos gjul` vary crjb sotuatoje tj sotuatoje, gash tj gash.

Mjwhvhr, mhrh oe tmos `hcoeotoje aeytmoed gjbh ue`hr lost OO

(stath lost) jr Lost OOO (gjegurrhet lost), apprjproath djvhrebhet woll

obply stath djvhrebhet jtmhrwosh ghetral djvhrebhet.

6 (c) asybbhtrog gryptj systhb bhaes a systhb jc

a shgurh khy paor gjesostoed jc a provath khy cjr grhatoeda òdotal sodeaturh ae` a puflog khy tj vhrocy tmh òdotal

sodeaturh;

Oe Asybbhtrog gryptjdrapmog jr puflog-khy gryptjdrapmy aldj-

rotmbòcchrhet khys arh ush` tj hegrypt ae` hgrypt a soedlh bhssadh

jr fljgk jc stjrh` oecjrbatoje. Jeh jc tmh khys os khpt shgrht ae`

rhchrrh` tj as a provath khy; tmh jtmhr khy gae fh crhhly òsgljsh`

ae` os gallh` a puflog khy.

Pmh puflog khy os ba`h puflogly avaolaflh ae` os ush` tj hegryptbhssadhs fy aeyjeh wmj wosmhs tj she` a bhssadh tj tmh phrsje

tmat tmh khy fhljeds tj. Pmh provath khy os khpt shgrht ae` os ush`

tj `hgrypt rhghovh` bhssadhs.

Pmus oc sjbh hlhgtrjeog jgubhet os she` tj bh gjetaoeoed odo-

tal sodeaturh, mhrh O mavh a gmjogh tj vhrocy tmat `jhs tmh she`hr os

rhally tmh she`hr, wmj mh os prhtheòed tj fh fy usoed puflog khy.

Wobolarly, oc O waet tj grhath a gjetragt wotm Br. Doll Faths rhso`-

oed oe XWA, asybbhtrog gryptj systhb dovhs bh crhh`jb tj dhehrath

by odotal sodeaturh, fy usoed by provath khy ae` put ot (uplja`) je

`jgubhet, tj grhath a lhdal gjetragt tmrjudm oethreht. Pmhrhacthr

Br. Faths gjul` vhrocy by sodeaturhs fy usoed puflog khy.

6 (d) Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty bhaes a phrsje wmj mas

fhhe draeth` a loghesh tj ossuh a [HlhgtrjeogWodeaturhR6

Ghrtocogath ue`hr shgtoje 60;

Ghrtocogath Autmjroty(GA) os ae hetoty tmat ossuhs òdotal ghrtoco-gaths. Pmh òdotal ghrtocogath ghrtocohs tmh jwehrsmop jc a puflog khy

fy tmh eabh` sufnhgt jc tmh ghrtocogath. Pmos alljws jtmhrs (rhlyoed

partohs) tj rhly upje sodeaturhs jr asshrtojes ba`h fy tmh provath

khy tmat gjrrhspje`s tj tmh puflog khy tmat os ghrtocoh`. Oe tmos bj`hl

jc trust rhlatojesmops, a GA os a trusth` tmor` party tmat os trusth`


24/293


fy fjtm tmh sufnhgt (jwehr) jc tmh ghrtocogath ae` tmh party rhlyoed

upje tmh ghrtocogath.

Wachsgrypt, O@VFP, EOG, PGW, BPEL, (e)Gj`h, h-Bu`mra arh

sjbh loghesh` GA.

Mjwhvhr Whgtoje 60 jc tmos agt bjrh sphgocogally `hals wotm tmh

varojus asphgts jc tmh ghrtocyoed autmjroty.

6 (m) ghrtocogatoje pragtogh stathbhet bhaes a

stathbhet ossuh` fy a Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty tj sphgocy tmh

pragtoghs tmat tmh Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty hbpljys oe ossuoed

[Hlhgtrjeog WodeaturhR7Ghrtocogaths.

A Ghrtocogatoje Yragtogh Wtathbhet (GYW) os a `jgubhet crjb a

Ghrtocogath Autmjroty jr a bhbfhr jc a whf jc trust wmogm hsgrofhstmhor pragtogh cjr ossuoed ae` baeadoed puflog khy ghrtocogaths. Wjbh

hlhbhets jc a GYW oeglu`h `jgubhetoed pragtoghs jcossuaegh; puf-

logatoje; argmovoed; rhvjgatoje; rhehwal.

Fy `htaoloed tmh pragtogh jc ossuaegh, rhvjgatoje ae` rhehwal,

a GYW ao`s hetotohs oe nu`doed tmh rhlatovh rhloafoloty jc a dovhe ghr-

tocogath autmjroty.

Pmoek ot as, yju arh djoed tj dht a ehw Aorthl jr Sjàcjeh

pjstpao` gjeehgtoje. Ejw yju ehh` tj adrhh wotm tmh thrbs ae`pjlogohs jc tmh gjbpaey.

Wobolarly, ghrtocogath pragtogh stathbhets arh tmh oethreal pjlogohs

jc tmh gjbpaey (mhrh GA) afjut òdotal sodeaturh ghrtocogath.

6 (ma) Gjbbueogatoje @hvogh bhaes Ghll Ymjehs,

Yhrsjeal @odotal Assostaegh (Wog), jr gjbfoeatoje jc fjtm

jr aey jtmhr hvogh ush` tj gjbbueogath, she` jr traes-

bot aey thxt, vo`hj, auòj, jr obadh.0

Ehw gjbbueogatoje systhbs ae` odotal thgmejljdy mavh ba`h

`rabatog gmaedhs oe tmh waywh lovh ae` tmh bhaes tj traesagt jur

àoly fusoehss. Pmus ot was cjrgh` tj oeglu`h sjbh `hvoghs sugm as

bultobhòa ghll pmjeh, Y@A htg.

Mjwhvhr, projr tj Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Abhe`bhet Agt,

699=; tmhsh `hvoghs whrh obplogotly prhsubh` tj fh gjbputhr as

tmhy whrh qualocy tj fh, prjvo`h` fy 6(o) jc tmh jl` Agt.Altmjudm ghll

pmjehs ae` jtmhr hvoghs ush` tj gjbbueogath wjul` call ue`hr tmh`hcoeotoje jc gjbputhr oe tmh OP Agt.Pmos abhe`bhet rhbjvhs aey

abfoduoty ae` froeds wotmoe tmh abfot jc tmh Agt all gjbbueogatoje

`hvoghs, ghllpmjehs, o-pj`s jr jtmhr `hvoghsush` tj gjbbueogath,

she` jr traesbot aey thxt ,vo`hj ,auòj jr obadh.

6 (o) gjbputhr bhaes aey hlhgtrjeog badehtog,


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jptogal jr jtmhr modm-sphh` àta prjghssoed `hvogh jr

systhb wmogm phrcjrbs ljdogal, arotmbhtog, ae` bhbjry

cuegtojes fy baeopulatojes jc hlhgtrjeog, badehtog jr

jptogal obpulshs, ae` oeglu`hs all oeput, jutput, prj-

ghssoed, stjradh, gjbputhr sjctwarh, jr gjbbueogatoje

cagolotohs wmogm arh gjeehgth` jr rhlath` tj tmh gjbputhr

oe a gjbputhr systhb jr gjbputhr ehtwjrk;

Dhehrally wh ue`hrstae` gjbputhr as ae hlhgtrjeog `hvogh cjr

stjroed ae` prjghssoed àta, typogally oe foeary cjrb, aggjròed tj

oestrugtojes dovhe tj ot oe a varoaflh prjdrab.

A gjbputhr os a `hvogh tmat agghpts oecjrbatoje, oe tmh cjrb

jc òdotalozh` àta ae` baeopulaths ot cjr sjbh rhsult fash` je aprjdrab jr shquhegh jc oestrugtojes je mjw tmh àta os tj fh prj-

ghssh`. Gjbplhx gjbputhrs alsj oeglu`h tmh bhaes cjr stjroed ata,

oegluòed tmh prjdrab cjr sjbh ehghssary uratoje. A prjdrab bay

fh oevaroaflh ae` fuolt oetj tmh gjbputhr jr òcchrhet prjdrabs

bay fh prjvo`h` tj tmh gjbputhr (lja`h` oetj ots stjradh ae` tmhe

starth` fy ae a`boeostratjr jr ushr).

At vhry oeotoal, gjbputhr whrh jely hlhgtrjeog fut lathr at tmh

a`vhet jc mar` òsk `rovh, cljppy òsk `rovh htg. àta gjul` fhstjrh` je badehtog bathroal alsj. Pmh lathst, G@, @S@, FLXH VA_

htg. starth` tmh jptogal hra jc gjbputhr. Pmus tmos `hcoeotoje os vhry

hlafjrath ae` trohs tj froed hvhry pjssoflh tmoed oe tmos `hcoeotoje.

Pmus yjur bjfolh pmjeh, o-pa`, o-pj`, hvhrytmoed gjbh ue`hr tmos

`hcoeotoje jc gjbputhr.

Tmhtmhr APB os gjbputhr:Kareataka Modm Gjurt oe @ohfjl` Wysthbs Yvt. Lt`. vs. Pmh

Gjbbossojehr jc Gjbbhrgoal Paxhs,8mhl` tmat tmh oecjrba-

toje thgmejljdy agt, 6999, os ae Agt tj prjvo`h lhdal rhgjdeotoje cjr

traesagtojes garroh` jut fy bhaes jc hlhgtrjeog àta oethrgmaedh

ae` jtmhr bhaes jc hlhgtrjeog gjbbueogatoje, gjbbjely rhchrrh`

tj as hlhgtrjeog gjbbhrgh, wmogm oevjlvh tmh ush jc althreatovhs

tj paphr fash` bhtmj`s jc gjbbueogatoje ae` stjradh jc oecjrba-

toje tj cagolotath hlhgtrjeog coloed jc jgubhets wotm tmh djvhrebhet

adhegohs htg. tmh purpjsh ae` jfnhgt jc Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt,

os tj rhgjdeozh tmh traesagtoje garroh` jut fy bhaes jc hlhgtrjeog

àta oethrgmaedh ae` jtmhr bhaes jc hlhgtrjeog gjbbueogatoje. Pj

suot tmh purpjsh ae` jfnhgtovh jc tmh Agt, tmh parloabhet mas hcoeh`

tmh hxprhssoje gjbputhr fy dovoed a vhry wo`h bhaeoed, fut at


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tmh sabh tobh, fy usoed tmh hxprhssoje bhaes obbhòathly acthr

tmh wjr` gjbputhr, tmh lhdoslaturh oethe`s tj bakh ot glhar tmat

tmh `hcoeotoje os hxmaustovh ae` ej jtmhr bhaeoed gae fh assodeh`

tj tmh hxprhssoje tmae wmat os oeglu`h` oe tmh `hcoeotoje.

Ot curtmhr sao`, ae autjbatog thllhr bagmoeh, oe jur vohw, os ae

hlhgtrjeog `hvogh, wmogm alljws a faeks gustjbhr tj bakh gasm

wotm`rawals, ae` gmhgk tmhor aggjuet falaeghs at aey tobh wotmjut

tmh ehh` jc mubae thllhr, prjfafly tmat bjst wo`hly ush` bhaes

jc hlhgtrjeog cue`s traeschr. .APB os ejt a gjbputhr fy otshlc

ae` ot os gjeehgth` tj a gjbputhr tmat phrcjrbs tmh task rhquhsth`

fy tmh phrsje usoed APBs. Pmh gjbputhr os gjeehgth` hlhgtrjeo-

gally tj baey APBs tmat bay fh ljgath` crjb sjbh òstaegh crjbgjbputhr.

6 (n) gjbputhr ehtwjrk bhaes tmh oethr-gjeehgtoje

jc jeh jr bjrh gjbputhrs [jr gjbputhr systhbs jr gjb-

bueogatoje `hvoghR3tmrjudm

O. tmh ush jc sathlloth, bogrjwavh, thrrhstroal loeh,

[worh, worhlhssR4 jr jtmhr gjbbueogatoje bh-

òa; ae`

OO. thrboeals jr a gjbplhx gjesostoed jc twj jrbjrh oethrgjeehgth` gjbputhrs [jr gjbbueo-

gatoje `hvoghR=wmhtmhr jr ejt tmh oethrgjeehg-

toje os gjetoeujusly baoetaoeh`;

A gjbputhr ehtwjrkos a gjllhgtoje jc gjbputhrs ae` ehtwjrk

mar`warh oethrgjeehgth` fy gjbbueogatoje gmaeehls (sugm as

sathlloth, bogrjwavh, ae` thrrhstroal loeh htg.) tmat alljw smaroed jc

rhsjurghs ae` oecjrbatoje. Tmhe a prjghss oe jeh `hvogh os aflh

tj hxgmaedh oecjrbatoje wotm a prjghss oe aejtmhr `hvogh, tmh twj

`hvoghs arh sao` tj fh ehtwjrkh`. A ehtwjrk os a drjup jc `hvoghs

gjeehgth` tj hagm jtmhr.

Pmos `hcoeotoje curtmhr says tmat tmh gjestaet gjeehgtoje fh-

twhhe tmh thrboeals (drjup jc gjbputhrs jr hvhe sjbhtobh soedlh

gjbputhr) os ejt ehghssary all tmh tobh.

6 (k) gjbputhr rhsjurgh bhaes gjbputhr, gjb-

puthr systhb, gjbputhr ehtwjrk, àta, gjbputhr àtafash jr sjctwarh.

Gjbputhr rhsjurgh dhehrally bhaes addrhdath jc avaolaflh

gjbputhr mar`warh, sjctwarh, `jgubhetatoje, supplohs, suppjrt

shrvoghs, ae` sjbhtobh hvhe traoeh` phrsjeehl.

A gjbputhr rhsjurghos aey pmysogal jr vortual gjbpjehet jc


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loboth` avaolafoloty wotmoe a gjbputhr systhb. Hvhry `hvogh gje-

ehgth` tj a gjbputhr systhb os a rhsjurgh. Hvhry oethreal systhb

gjbpjehet os a rhsjurgh. Sortual systhb rhsjurghs oeglu`h colhs,

ehtwjrk gjeehgtojes ae` bhbjry arhas.

Banjr rhsjurghsarh GYX, Vae`jb agghss bhbjry ae` vortual

bhbjry, Mar` òsk spagh, Ehtwjrk tmrjudmput, Hlhgtrogal pjwhr,

Hxthreal @hvoghs, Oeput/jutput jphratojes htg.

6 (l) gjbputhr systhb bhaes a hvogh jr gjllhgtoje

jc `hvoghs, oegluòed oeput ae` jutput suppjrt `hvoghs

ae` hxgluòed galgulatjrs wmogm arh ejt prjdrabbaflh

ae` gapaflh jc fhoed ush` oe gjenuegtoje wotm hxthreal

colhs, wmogm gjetaoe gjbputhr prjdrabbhr, hlhgtrjeogoestrugtojes, oeput àta ae` jutput àta, tmat phrcjrbs

ljdog, arotmbhtog, ata stjradh ae` rhtrohval, gjbbueoga-

toje gjetrjl ae` jtmhr cuegtojes;

Whgtoje 6(o) jc tmos agt glhars tmat tmh fasog gmaragthrostogs jc

gjbputhr os phrcjrbaegh jc ljdogal, arotmbhtog ae` bhbjry cueg-

tojes fy baeopulatojes jc hlhgtrjeog, badehtog jr jptogal obpulshs

oegluòed all oeput-jutput prjghssoed, stjradh htg.

Mjwhvhr, oe tmos `hcoeotoje gjbputhr systhb bhaes a `hvoghjr gjllhgtoje/arraedhbhet jc `hvoghs tmat os prjdrabbaflh ae` os

gapaflh jc fhoed ush` oe gjenuegtoje wotm hxthreal colhs wmogm gje-

taoe gjbputhr prjdrab, hlhgtrjeog oestrugtojes, oeput ae` jutput

àta tmat phrcjrbs ljdog, arotmbhtog, àta stjradh ae` rhtrohval,

gjbbueogatoje gjetrjl ae` jtmhr cuegtojes.

Pmh baoe Ghetral Yrjghssoed Xeot (GYX) gjesosts jc a bjtmhr

fjar` mavoed a bogrjprjghssjr ae` sjbh gar`s lokh whrh a òsplay

gar` ae` tmh sjue` gar` ae` mar` òsk. All tmhsh oe gjenuegtoje

phrcjrb tmh cuegtoje jc stjroed ae` prjghssoed àta ae` bakoed

galgulatojes jc gjetrjlloed bagmoehry.

Fut ot hxglu`hs aey `hvogh, sugm as galgulatjr, wmogm os ejt

prjdrabbaflh ae` os ejt gapaflh jc fhoed ush` oe gjenuegtoje

wotm hxthreal colhs?gjetaoeoed gjbputhr prjdrabs, hlhgtrjeog oe-

strugtojes.

Ej batthr mjw, oc oe cuturh sugm a galgulatjr gjbhs up ot wjul`coe` ots plagh as gjbputhr systhb.

Wobolarly oe Vjuthrbaeoa Phgmejljdohs (Y.) vs. OPJ,

oegjbh tax apphllath trofueal, Bubfao mhl` tmat oe tmos Agt tmh

rjuthr os a part jc gjbputhr systhb ae` ejt a gjbputhr ehtwjrk

ae` oe aey gash a rjuthr gaeejt fh gallh` tj fh tmh part jc tmh


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gjbputhr..rjuthr os ejt a part jc gjbputhr.

6 (b) Gjetrjllhr bhaes tmh Gjetrjllhr jc Ghrtocyoed

Autmjrotohs appjoeth` ue`hr suf-shgtoje (l) jc shgtoje

14.

Pmh OP Agt prjvo`hs cjr tmh Gjetrjllhr jc Ghrtocyoed

Autmjrotohs(GGA) tj loghesh ae` rhdulath tmh wjrkoed jc Ghrtocyoed

Autmjrotohs. Pmh Ghrtocyoed Autmjrotohs (GAs) ossuh odotal sodeaturh

ghrtocogaths cjr hlhgtrjeog autmhetogatoje jc ushrs.

Pmh Gjetrjllhr jc Ghrtocyoed Autmjrotohs (GGA) mas fhhe ap-

pjoeth` fy tmh Ghetral Djvhrebhet ue`hr shgtoje 14 jc tmh Agt cjr

purpjshs jc tmh OP Agt. Pmh Jccogh jc tmh GGA gabh oetj hxosthegh je

Ejvhbfhr 1, 6999. Ot aobs at prjbjtoed tmh drjwtm jc H-Gjbbhrghae` H- Djvhreaegh tmrjudm tmh wo`h ush jc òdotal sodeaturhs.

6 (e) Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal bhaes tmh Gyfhr [ R19

Apphllath Profueal hstaflosmh` ue`hr suf-shgtoje (1) jc

shgtoje 0=.

Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal mas fhhe hstaflosmh` ue`hr tmh Oecjr-

batoje Phgmejljdy Agt ue`hr tmh ahdos jc Gjetrjllhr jc Ghrtocyoed

Autmjrotohs (G.G.A.). Pmh corst ae` tmh jely Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal

oe tmh gjuetry mavh fhhe hstaflosmh` fy tmh Ghetral Djvhrebhet oeaggjràegh wotm tmh prjvosojes gjetaoeh` ue`hr Whgtoje 0=(1) jc

tmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt, 6999.

Pmh Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal mas, cjr tmh purpjshs jc osgmard-

oed ots cuegtojes ue`hr tmh O.P. Agt, tmh sabh pjwhrs as arh vhsth`

oe a govol gjurt ue`hr tmh Gj`h jc Govol Yrjghùrh, 1?9=. Mjwhvhr,

tmh prjghùrh lao` `jwe fy tmh Gj`h jc Govol Yrjghùrh, 1?9= ap-

plohs fut at tmh sabh tobh tmh Profueal os duo`h` fy tmh proegoplhs

jc eatural nustogh.

Pmh Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal mas pjwhrs tj rhdulath ots jwe

prjghùrh oegluòed tmh plagh at wmogm ot mas ots sottoeds. Hvhry

prjghhòed fhcjrh tmh Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal small fh `hhbh`

tj fh a nuògoal prjghhòed wotmoe tmh bhaeoed jc shgtojes 1?7 ae`

66=, ae` cjr tmh purpjshs jc shgtoje 1?3 jc tmh Oeòae Yheal Gj`h

ae` tmh Gyfhr Apphllath Profueal small fh hhbh` tj fh a govol gjurt

cjr tmh purpjshs jc shgtoje 1?8 ae` Gmapthr ]]SO jc tmh Gj`h jcGroboeal Yrjghùrh, 1?47.

6 (ea) gyfhr gach bhaes aey cagoloty crjb wmhrh

agghss tj tmh oethreht os jcchrh` fy aey phrsje oe tmh

jròeary gjursh jc fusoehss tj tmh bhbfhrs jc tmh

puflog;11


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Althreatovhly rhchrrh` tj as ae Oethreht gach, YG faeds, jr Eht

gach, a gyfhrgac os a plagh wmhrh gjbputhr ushrs gae ush a gjb-

puthr, hotmhr tmhor jwe jr jeh prjvo`h` fy tmh gyfhrgach, tj agghss

tmh Oethreht, play dabhs, grhath `jgubhets ae` sprha`smhhts, gmat

wotm crohe`s ae` caboly usoed vjogh ae` vo`hj, as whll as a eubfhr

jc jtmhr gjbputhr-rhlath` tasks. Pypogally, tmh gjbputhr ae` Oethreht

agghss os prjvo`h` cjr ae mjurly jr àoly chh.

6 (ef) gyfhr shguroty bhaes prjthgtoed oecjrba-

toje, hquopbhet, `hvoghs gjbputhr, gjbputhr rhsjurgh,

gjbbueogatoje `hvogh ae` oecjrbatoje strjh` tmhrhoe

crjb ueautmjrosh` agghss, ush, òsgljsurh, òsruptoje,

bjòcogatoje jr `hstrugtoje;16

Gyfhrshguroty os tmh fj`y jc thgmejljdohs, prjghsshs ae` prag-

toghs `hsodeh` tj prjthgt ehtwjrks, gjbputhrs, prjdrabs ae` àta

crjb attagk, abadh jr ueautmjrozh` agghss. Oe a gjbputoed gjethxt,

tmh thrb shguroty obplohs gyfhrshguroty.

Ehvhrtmhlhss, mhrh oe tmos `hcoeotoje gyfhr shguroty rhchrs tj

tmh prjthgtoje jc oecjrbatoje jr tmh prjthgtoje jc hquopbhet, jr

prjthgtoje jc gjbputhr ae` gjbputhr rhsjurghs, jr tmh prjthgtoje

jc gjbbueogatoje `hvoghs.Curtmhr, tmos prjthgtoje bust fh crjb ueautmjrozh` agghss jr

ueautmjrozh` ush, ueautmjrozh` osgljsurh, ueautmjrozh` osruptoje,

ueautmjrozh` bjòcogatoje jr ueautmjrozh` `hstrugtoje.

6 (j) àta bhaes a rhprhshetatoje jc oecjrbatoje,

kejwlh`dh, cagts, gjeghpts jr oestrugtojes wmogm arh

fhoed prhparh` jr mavh fhhe prhparh` oe a cjrbalosh`

baeehr, ae` os oethe`h` tj fh prjghssh`, os fhoed prj-

ghssh` jr mas fhhe prjghssh` oe a gjbputhr systhb jr

gjbputhr ehtwjrk, ae` bay fh oe aey cjrb (oegluòed

gjbputhr proetjuts badehtog jr jptogal stjradh bhòa,

puegmh` gar`s, puegmh` taphs) jr stjrh` oethreally oe

tmh bhbjry jc tmh gjbputhr.

Oecjrbatoje oe raw jr uejrdaeozh` cjrb, sugm as alpmafhts,

eubfhrs, jr sybfjls; tmat rhchr tj, jr rhprhshet, gjeòtojes, o`has,

jr jfnhgts os kejwe as ata. @ata os lobotlhss ae` prhshet hvhrywmhrhoe tmh ueovhrsh.

Oe gyfhr shesh àta obplohs Wybfjls jr sodeals tmat arh

oeput, stjrh`, ae` prjghssh` fy a gjbputhr, cjr jutput as usaflh

oecjrbatoje.

@hlmo Modm Gjurt oe @marabfor vs. GFO,17mhl` tmat.àta


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oeglu`hs ejt jely agtovh bhbjry jc gjbputhr/mar` òsg fut hvhe

oe sufgutaehjus bhbjry.

6 (p) òdotal sodeaturh bhaes autmhetogatoje jc

aey hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` fy a sufsgrofhr fy bhaes jc ae

hlhgtrjeog bhtmj` jr prjghùrh oe aggjràegh wotm tmh

prjvosojes jc shgtoje 7.

A @odotal Wodeaturh os a bhtmj` jc vhrocyoed tmh autmhetogoty jc

ae hlhgtrjeog `jgubhet.

Pmh Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt, 6999 prjvo`hs tmh rhquorh`

lhdal saegtoty tj tmh òdotal sodeaturhs fash` je asybbhtrog gryp-

tjsysthbs. Pmh òdotal sodeaturhs arh ejw agghpth` at par wotm

mae`wrotthe sodeaturhs ae` tmh hlhgtrjeog jgubhets tmat mavh fhheòdotally sodeh` arh trhath` at par wotm paphr `jgubhets. Cjr bhs-

sadhs shet tmrjudm a gmaeehl, a djj` obplhbhetatoje jc odotal sod-

eaturh aldjrotmb os tmh jeh tmat bakhs tmh rhghovhr fhlohvh tmat tmh

bhssadh was shet fy tmh glaobh` she`hr, ae` trust tmh bhssadh.

@odotal sodeaturhs gae alsj prjvo`h agkejwlh`dhbhet, bhaeoed

tmat tmh sodehr gaeejt sugghsscully glaob tmhy o` ejt sode a bhssadh,

wmolh alsj glaoboed tmhor provath khy rhbaoes shgrht;

@odotal sodeaturhs arh jcthe ush` tj obplhbhet hlhgtrjeogsodeaturhs [shgtoje 6(ta)R, a frja`hr thrb tmat rhchrs tj aey

hlhgtrjeog ata tmat mjl`s a bhaeoed jc a sodeaturh, fut ejt all hlhg-

trjeog sodeaturhs ush odotal sodeaturhs. Oe sjbh gjuetrohs, oegluòed

tmh Xeoth` Wtaths, ae` oe tmh Hurjphae Xeoje, hlhgtrjeog sodeaturhs

bay mavh lhdal sodeocogaegh.

@odotal sodeaturhs arh djoed tj play ae obpjrtaet rjlh oe jur

lovhs wotm tmh draùal hlhgtrjeozatoje jc rhgjr`s ae` `jgubhets.

Pmh OP Agt mas dovhe lhdal rhgjdeotoje tj odotal sodeaturh bhaeoed,

tmhrhfy, tmat lhdally ot mas tmh sabh valuh as mae`wrotthe jr sodeh`

sodeaturhs accoxh` tj a `jgubhet cjr ots vhrocogatoje.

6 (q) @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath bhaes a @odotal

Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath ossuh` ue`hr sufshgtoje (0) jc

shgtoje 78.

@odotal ghrtocogaths arh tmh òdotal hquovalhet (o.h. hlhgtrjeog

cjrbat) jc pmysogal jr paphr ghrtocogaths. Hxabplhs jc pmysogalghrtocogaths arh `rovhr s logheshs, passpjrts jr bhbfhrsmop gar`s.

Ghrtocogaths shrvh as o`hetoty jc ae oeòvoùal cjr a ghrtaoe purpjsh,

h.d. a `rovhr s loghesh o`hetocohs sjbhjeh wmj gae lhdally `rovh oe a

partogular gjuetry. Lokhwosh, a òdotal ghrtocogath gae fh prhsheth`

hlhgtrjeogally tj prjvh yjur o`hetoty jr yjur rodmt tj agghss


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oecjrbatoje jr shrvoghs je tmh Oethreht.

@odotal Ghrtocogaths gae fh gathdjrozh` oetj Whrvhr ghrtocogaths

ae` Yhrsjeal ghrtocogaths. Pmh òcchrheghs loh oe tmh oecjrbatoje

tmhy gjetaoe ae` wmj tmhy o`hetocy. Tmat arh phrsjeal ghrtocogaths:

Yhrsjeal ghrtocogaths shrvh tj o`hetocy a phrsje. Ot cjlljws tmat tmh

gjethets jc tmos typh jc ghrtocogath oeglu`h tmh cull eabh ae` phr-

sjeal partogulars jc ae oeòvoùal. Abjed jtmhr ushs jc phrsjeal

ghrtocogaths sjbh arh> Whgurh h-baol gjrrhspje`hegh, ae` Hemaegh`

agghss gjetrjl tj shesotovh jr valuaflh oecjrbatoje.

Whrvhr ghrtocogaths o`hetocy a shrvhr (gjbputhr). Mhegh, oestha`

jc a eabh jc a phrsje, shrvhr ghrtocogaths gjetaoe tmh mjst eabh h.d.

mttps>//eogga.eog.oe/ . Whrvhr ghrtocogaths arh ush` tj hesurh tmatje-loeh traesagtojes arh shgurh.

6 (r) hlhgtrjeog cjrb wotm rhchrhegh tj oecjrba-

toje bhaes aey oecjrbatoje dhehrath`, shet, rhghovh` jr

stjrh` oe bhòa, badehtog, jptogal, gjbputhr bhbjry,

bogrj colb, gjbputhr dhehrath` bogrj cogmh jr sobolar

`hvogh;

Ae h-cjrb (hlhgtrjeog cjrb) os a gjbputhr prjdrab vhrsoje jc

a paphr cjrb. Aso`h crjb hloboeatoed tmh gjst jc proetoed, stjroed,ae` òstrofutoed prh-proeth` cjrbs, ae` tmh wastadh jc jfsjlhth

cjrbs, h-cjrbs gae fh collh` jut casthr fhgaush tmh prjdrabboed

assjgoath` wotm tmhb gae autjbatogally cjrbat, galgulath, ljjk up,

ae` valoàth oecjrbatoje cjr tmh ushr. Totm òdotal sodeaturhs ae`

rjutoed voa h-baol, apprjval gyglh tobhs gae fh sodeocogaetly rhùgh`.

Totm hlhgtrjeog sufbossoje jc gjbplhth` cjrbs, yju gae hloboeath

tmh gjst jc rhkhyoed àta ae` tmh assjgoath` hrrjrs.

6 (s) Hlhgtrjeog Dazhtth bhaes tmh Jccogoal Dazhtth

puflosmh` oe tmh hlhgtrjeog cjrb.

Pmh Dazhtth jc Oeòa os a puflog njureal jc tmh Djvhrebhet jc

Oeòa, puflosmh` whhkly fy tmh @hpartbhet jc Yuflogatoje.As a puflog

njureal, tmh Dazhtth proets jccogoal ejtoghs crjb tmh djvhrebhet. Pmh

dazhtth os proeth` fy tmh Djvhrebhet jc Oeòa Yrhss.

Pmh Yuflogatoje Yrjdrabbh os hxhguth` as phr tmh Djvhrebhet

jc Oeòa (Alljgatoje jc Fusoehss Vulhs) ossuh` crjb tobh tj tobh fytmh Gafoeht Whgrhtaroat jc tmh Vhpuflog jc Oeòa.

Pmh @hpartbhet jc Yuflogatoje os mha`h` fy tmh Gjetrjllhr jc

Yuflogatojes wotm tmh assostaegh jc jeh Assostaet Gjetrjllhr, jeh

Coeaegoal Jccoghr ae` ae Assostaet @orhgtjr. Pmh dazhtth hbpljys

bjrh tmae 649 phjplh ue`hr tmh suphrvosoje jc tmh Boeostry jc Xrfae


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@hvhljpbhet, mha`quarthrh` oe EorbaeFmawae, Ehw @hlmo.

Mjwhvhr, aey sugm dazhtth oc puflosmh` oe hlhgtrjeog cjrb woll

gallh` as h-dazhtth.

Jrossa Modm Gjurt oe Jrossa Gjesubhrs Assjgoatoje vs.

Jrossa Hlhgtrogoty Vhdulatjry Autmjroty,10 prjvosojes oe tmh

Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Agt, 6999 oethr aloa prjvo`h tmat oc a ej-

tocogatoje os puflosmh` oe tmh Hlhgtrjeog Dazhtth, tmh ejtocogatoje os

`hhbh` tj mavh fhhe puflosmh` oe tmh jccogoal Dazhtth. Pmh prjvosj

tj shgtoje = jc tmh Agt alsj bakhs ot glhar tmat wmhrh tmh ejtocogatoje

os puflosmh` fjtm oe tmh jccogoal dazhtth ae` tmh hlhgtrjeog dazhtth,

tmh àth jc puflogatoje small fh `hhbh` tj fh tmh àth jc dazhtth

wmogm was corst puflosmh` oe aey cjrb.6 (t) hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` bhaes àta, rhgjr` jr àta

dhehrath`, obadh jr sjue` stjrh`, rhghovh` jr shet oe

ae hlhgtrjeog cjrb jr bogrj colb jr gjbputhr dhehrath`

bogrj cogmh.

Hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` gjbbjely bhaes, oecjrbatoje gapturh`

tmrjudm hlhgtrjeog bhaes, ae` wmogm bay jr bay ejt mavh a paphr

rhgjr` tj fagk ot up, alsj gallh` bagmoeh rhaàflh rhgjr`.

Hlhgtrjeog Vhgjr`s gjesostoed jc àta ae` oecjrbatoje wmogmos oeput, grhath`, baeopulath` ae`/jr stjrh` je hlhgtrjeog bhòa

wmogm smjw hvo`hegh jc agtojes ae` `hgosojes jggurroed ùroed

traesagtojes jc hvhets.

@hlmo Modm Gjurt oe @marabfor vs. GFO,18mhl` tmat, flaek

mar` òsg wrotthe upje os sufnhgt tj gmaedh ae` fhgjbhs hlhgtrjeog

rhgjr`. Hrash` mar` osg ba`h flaek stoll rhtaoes oecjrbatoje wmogm

gae fh rhtrohvh` tmhrhcjrh os hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`.

Wuprhbh Gjurt oe K.K.Shlusaby vs. E.Yalaeosaby13mhl`

.tmh `hcoeotoje jc hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` oe shgtoje 6(1)(t) jc tmh oe-

cjrbatoje thgmejljdy agt, 6999, oeglu`hs a gjbpagt òsg gjetaoeoed

ae ahlhgtrjeog rhgjr` jc gjevhrsatoje.

6 (ta) hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh bhaes autmhetogatoje

jc aey hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` fy a sufsgrofhr fy bhaes jc tmh

hlhgtrjeog thgmeoquh sphgocoh` oe tmh Whgje` Wgmhùlh

ae` oeglu`hs òdotal sodeaturh.14

Ae hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh, jr h-sodeaturh, os aey hlhgtrjeog bhaes

tmat oeògaths hotmhr tmat a phrsje a`jpts tmh gjethets jc ae hlhg-

trjeog bhssadh, jr bjrh frja`ly tmat tmh phrsje wmj glaobs tj mavh

wrotthe a bhssadh os tmh jeh wmj wrjth ot ae` tmat tmh bhssadh

rhghovh` os tmh jeh tmat was shet. Fy gjbparosje, a sodeaturh os a


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stylozh` sgropt assjgoath` wotm a phrsje.

Oe gjbbhrgh ae` tmh law, a sodeaturh je a `jgubhet os ae

oeògatoje tmat tmh phrsje a`jpts tmh oethetojes rhgjr`h` oe tmh

`jgubhet.

Hlhgtrjeog sodeaturhs prjùgh wmat òdotal sodeaturh thgmejl-

jdy stjps smjrt jc. Ot agtually osplays aeobadh jc yjur mae`wrotthe

sodeaturh jr a vosual bark wotmoe tmh `jgubhet tj ollustrath yjur

gjeshet tjwar`s a `jgubhets gjethets ae` ueoquhly o`hetocy yju

as a sodehr.

Ae hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh gae fh as fasog as a typh` eabh jr a odo-

tozh` obadh jc a mae`wrotthe sodeaturh. Gjeshquhetly, h-sodeaturhs

arh vhry prjflhbatog wotm rhdar`s tj baoetaoeoed oethdroty ae`shguroty, as ejtmoed prhvhets jeh oeòvoùal crjb typoed aejtmhr

oeòvoùals eabh. @uh tj tmos rhaloty, ae hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh tmat

`jhs ejt oegjrpjrath a`òtojeal bhasurhs jc shguroty os gjeso`hrh`

ae oeshgurh way jc sodeoed `jgubhetatoje.

Oegrhasoedly, hegrypth` òdotal sodeaturhs arh ush` oe h-gjb-

bhrgh ae` oe rhdulatjry coloeds as odotal sodeaturhs arh bjrh shgurh

tmae a sobplh dhehrog hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh. Pmh gjeghpt otshlc os ejt

ehw, wotm gjbbje law nurosògtojes mavoed rhgjdeozh` thlhdrapmsodeaturhs as car fagk as tmh bo`-1?tm ghetury ae` caxh` sodeaturhs

soegh tmh 1?=9s.

Ot wjul` fh modmly a`vosaflh tj waot tj shh cjr sjbh nuògoal

autmjroty tj `hgo`h rhtoea sgae jr coedhr proet sgae tj `hgo`h as

hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh.

6 (tf) Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath bhaes ae

Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath ossuh` ue`hr shgtoje 78

ae` oeglu`hs @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath.1=

Tmolh yju apply cjr tmh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh ghrtocogath, ue`hr

shgtoje 78 yju dht a ghrtocogath sugm as yjur `rovoed loghesh, YAE

gar` jr passpjrt, jr bjrh prhgoshly a sjctwarh loghesh adrhhbhet

wmogm yju dht wmolh purgmasoed ehw sjctwarh.

Hlhgtrjeog Ghrtocogaths shrvh as ae o`hetoty jc ae oeòvoùal cjr

a ghrtaoe purpjsh, h.d. a rovoed loghesh o`hetocohs sjbhjeh wmj gae

lhdally `rovh oe a partogular gjuetry. Lokhwosh, a @odotal Ghrtocogathgae fh prhsheth` hlhgtrjeogally tj prjvh yjur o`hetoty jr yjur rodmt

tj agghss oecjrbatoje jr shrvoghs je tmh Oethreht. @odotal Ghrtocogaths

arh tmh òdotal hquovalhets (o.h. hlhgtrjeog cjrbat) jc pmysogal jr

paphr Ghrtocogaths lokh yjur `rovoed loghesh, passpjrt jr bhbfhr-

smop gar`s.


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6 (u) cuegtoje, oe rhlatoje tj a gjbputhr, oeglu`hs

ljdog, gjetrjl arotmbhtogal prjghss, hlhtoje, stjradh ae`

rhtrohval ae` gjbbueogatoje jr thlhgjbbueogatoje crjb

jr wotmoe a gjbputhr.

Cuegtoje gjul` fh ue`hrstae` as a sht jc oestrugtojes tmat phr-

cjrbs a sphgocog task cjr a baoe rjutoeh, rhquoroed òrhgtoje fagk tj

tmh prjphr plagh oe tmh baoe rjutoeh je gjbplhtoje jc tmh task; jr

a shgtoje jc a gjbputhr prjdrab tmat os stjrh` jely jegh fut gae fh

ush` wmhe rhquorh` at shvhral òcchrhet pjoets oe tmh prjdrab.

6 (ua) Oeòae Gjbputhr Hbhrdhegy Vhspjesh Phab

bhaes ae adhegy hstaflosmh` ue`hr suf-shgtoje (1) jc

shgtoje 49F.1?

GHVP-Oe (tmh Oeòae Gjbputhr Hbhrdhegy Vhspjesh Phab)

os a djvhrebhet-baeàth` oecjrbatoje thgmejljdy (OP) shguroty

jrdaeozatoje. Pmh purpjsh jc GHVP-Oe os tj rhspje` tj gjbputhr

shguroty oego`hets, rhpjrt je vulehrafolotohs ae` prjbjth hcchgtovh

OP shguroty pragtoghs tmrjudmjut tmh gjuetry.

GHVP-Oe was grhath` fy tmh Oeòae @hpartbhet jc Oecjrbatoje

Phgmejljdy oe 6990 ae` jphraths ue`hr tmh auspoghs jc tmat `hpart-

bhet. Aggjròed tj tmh prjvosojes jc tmh Oecjrbatoje PhgmejljdyAbhe`bhet Agt 699=, GHVP-Oe os rhspjesoflh cjr jvhrshhoed a`-

boeostratoje jc tmh Agt.

6 (v) oecjrbatoje oeglu`hs [àta, bassadh, thxtR69,

obadhs, sjue`, vjogh, gj`hs, gjbputhr prjdrabbhs

sjctwarh ae` àtafashs jr bogrj colb jr gjbputhr dhe-

hrath` bogrj cogmh.

Oecjrbatoje os tmh subbarozatoje jc ata. Phgmeogally, ata arh

raw cagts ae` codurhs tmat arh prjghssh` oetj oecjrbatoje, sugm as

subbarohs ae` tjtals. Fut soegh oecjrbatoje gae alsj fh tmh raw

àta cjr tmh ehxt njf jr phrsje, tmh twj thrbs gaeejt fh prhgoshly

`hcoeh`, ae` fjtm arh ush` oethrgmaedhafly.

Ot bay fh mhlpcul tj vohw oecjrbatoje tmh way ot os strugturh`

ae` ush`, eabhly> ata, thxt, sprha`smhhts, pogturhs, vjogh ae` vo`hj.

@ata arh òsgrhthly `hcoeh` cohl`s. Phxt os a gjllhgtoje jc wjr`s.

Wprha`smhhts arh àta oe batrox (rjw ae` gjlube) cjrb. Yogturhsarh losts jc vhgtjrs jr crabhs jc fots. Sjogh os a gjetoeujus strhab jc

sjue` wavhs. So`hj os a shquhegh jc obadh crabhs.

6 (w) oethrbhòary, wotm rhsphgt tj aey partogular

hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`s, bhaes aey phrsje wmj je fhmalc jc

aejtmhr phrsje rhghovhs, stjrhs jr traesbots tmat rhgjr`


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jr prjvo`hs aey shrvogh wotm rhsphgt tj tmat rhgjr` ae`

oeglu`hs thlhgjb shrvogh prjvo`hrs, ehtwjrk shrvogh prj-

vo`hrs, oethreht shrvogh prjvo`hrs, whfmjstoed shrvogh

prjvo`hrs, shargm hedoehs, jeloeh paybhet soths, jeloeh-

augtoje soths, jeloeh-barkht plaghs ae` gyfhr gachs.61

Oe dhehral, ae oethrbhòary os a phrsje jr shrvogh tmat os oevjlvh`

as a tmor` party fhtwhhe twj jr bjrh he` pjoets oe a gjbbueogatoje

jr traesagtoje. Cjr hxabplh, a rhal hstath frjkhr arraedhs cjr fuyhr

ae` shllhr tj gjbplhth a rhal hstath traesagtoje.

Mhrh oe thrbs jc h-baol, wmhe yju she` yjur baol tj yjur

crohe`, usoed yjur Dbaol aggjuet, shet baol corst woll dj tj Djjdlh

Gjbpaey ae` tmhe ot woll cjrwar` ot tj yjur crohe`. Pmus Djjdlh/Dbaol os ae oethrbhòary.

Pmh shgje` part jc tmh `hcoeotoje, acthr tmh abhe`bhet jc

699=, sphgocogally oeglu`hs thlhgjb,ehtwjrk, oethreht ae` whf

mjstoed shrvogh prjvo`hrs, shargm hedoehs, jeloehpaybhet ae` aug-

toje soths, jeloeh barkht plaghs ae` gyfhr gachs oe tmh `hcoeotoje jc

oethrbhòarohs.

Pmh oeshrtoje `hcoeotoje jc oethrbhòary glarocohs tmh gathdj-

rohs jc shrvogh prjvo`hrs tmat gjbhwotmoe ots hcoeotoje tmat oeglu`hsthlhgjb shrvogh prjvo`hrs, ehtwjrk shrvoghprjvo`hrs,oethreht shrvogh

prjvo`hr,whfmjstoed shrvogh prjvo`hrs,shargm hedoehs,jeloehpaybhet

soths,jeloeh augtoje soths,jeloeh barkht plaghs ae` gyfhr gachs.

6 (x) khy paor, oe ae asybbhtrog gryptj systhb,

bhaes a provath khy ae` ots batmhbatogally rhlath` puflog

khy, wmogm arh sj rhlath` tmat tmh puflog khy gae vhrocy a

òdotal sodeaturh grhath` fy tmh provath khy.

Pmh Yuflog ae` Yrovath khy paor gjbprosh jc twj ueoquhly rhlath`

gryptjdrapmog khys (fasogally ljed rae`jb eubfhrs).

Fhljw os ae hxabplh jc a Yuflog Khy>

790= 9601 99G? 1=CA GC=@ HF6@ HC@8 C@74 =?F? H93? HA?4

CG69 8H78 C844 HH71 G0CF G3H0 0=11 4@=3 FG=C FACA 736C

?66F C91F 6C09 G400 6380 G9@@ 6==1 @347 GA6F 0997 G633

H6G@ GF96 9791 9991

Pmh Yuflog Khy os wmat ots eabh suddhsts - Yuflog. Ot os ba`havaolaflh tj hvhryjeh voa a puflogly agghssoflh rhpjsotjry jr òrhg-

tjry. Je tmh jtmhr mae`, tmh Yrovath Khy bust rhbaoe gjeco`hetoal

tj ots rhsphgtovh jwehr.Whgtoje 6(c), OP Agt 6999 os modmly a`vosaflh

tj rhchr.

6 (y) law oeglu`hs aey Agt jc Yarloabhet jr jc a Wtath


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Lhdoslaturh, Jròeaeghs prjbuldath` fy tmh Yrhso`het jr

a Djvhrejr, as tmh gash bay fh. Vhdulatojes ba`h fy tmh

Yrhso`het ue`hr artoglh 609, Folls heagth` as Yrhso`hets

Agt ue`hr suf-glaush (a) jc glaush (1) jc artoglh 784 jc

tmh Gjestotutoje ae` oeglu`hs rulhs, rhdulatojes, fyhlaws

ae` jr`hrs ossuh` jr ba`h tmhrhue`hr.

6 (z) loghegh bhaes a loghegh draeth` tj a Ghrtocy-

oed Autmjroty ue`hr shgtoje 60.

Pmh phrbossoje draeth` fy gjbphthet autmjroty tj hxhrgosh a

ghrtaoe provolhdh tmat, wotmjut sugm autmjrozatoje, wjul` gjestotuth

ae ollhdal agt, a Prhspass jr a tjrt. Pmh ghrtocogath jr tmh `jgubhet

otshlc tmat gjechrs phrbossoje tj hedadh oe jtmhrwosh prjsgrofh`gjeùgt.

Oe partogular, a loghesh bay fh ossuh` fy autmjrotohs, tj alljw ae

agtovoty tmat wjul` jtmhrwosh fh cjrfo``he. Ot bay rhquorh payoed

a chh ae`/jr prjvoed a gapafoloty. Pmh rhquorhbhet bay alsj shrvh

tj khhp tmh autmjrotohs oecjrbh` je a typh jc agtovoty, ae` tj dovh

tmhb tmh jppjrtueoty tj sht gjeòtojes ae` lobotatojes.

6 (za) jrodoeatjr bhaes a phrsje wmj she`s, dhe-

hraths, stjrhs jr traesbots aey hlhgtrjeog bhssadh jrgaushs aey hlhgtrjeog bhssadh tj fh shet, dhehrath`,

stjrh` jr traesbotth` tj aey jtmhr phrsje fut `jhs ejt

oeglu`h ae oethrbhòary.

Ae Oethreht hbaol bhssadh gjesosts jc tmrhh gjbpjehets, tmh

bhssadh hevhljph, tmh bhssadh mha`hr, ae` tmh bhssadh fj`y. Pmh

bhssadh mha`hr gjetaoes gjetrjl oecjrbatoje, oegluòed, boeobally,

ae jrodoeatjrs hbaol a``rhss ae` jeh jr bjrh rhgopohet a``rhsshs.

Xsually `hsgroptovh oecjrbatoje os alsj a``h`, sugm as a sufnhgt

mha`hr cohl` ae` a bhssadh sufbossoje àth/tobh stabp.

Oe sobplh thrbs jrodoeatjr os tmh phrsje wmj wroths/ dhehraths

ae h-baol ae` she`s ot tj rhgopohet.

6 (zf) prhsgrofh` bhaes prhsgrofh` fy rulhs ba`h

ue`hr tmos Agt.

6 (zg) provath khy bhaes tmh khy jc a khy paor ush`

tj grhath a òdotal sodeaturh.6 (z`) puflog khy bhaes tmh khy jc a khy paor ush`

tj vhrocy a òdotal sodeaturhae` losth` oe tmh @odotal Wod-

eaturh Ghrtocogath.

Pmh afjvh twj `hcoeotoje smjul` fh rha` wotm shgtoje 6(c) ae`

6(x), OP Agt 6999.


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6 (zh) shgurh systhb bhaes gjbputhr mar`warh,

sjctwarh, ae` prjghùrh tmat

a. arh rhasjeafly shgurh crjb ueautmjrosh` ag-

ghss ae` bosush;

f. prjvo`h a rhasjeaflh lhvhl jc rhloafoloty ae`

gjrrhgt jphratoje;

g. arh rhasjeafly suoth` tj phrcjrboed tmh oe-

the`h` cuegtojes; ae`

`. a`mhrh tj dhehrally agghpth` shguroty prjgh-

ùrhs;

Car away crjb ots thgmeogal hcoeotoje tmos shgtoje hcoehs shgurh

systhb oe ots vary lhdal shesh. As phr tmos hcoeotoje a shgurh systhb,oegluòed aey koed jc gjbputhr mar`warh, sjctwarh jr prjghùrh

smjul` rhasjeafly fh shgurh` crjb ueautmjrozh` agghss, ae` tmhrh

smjul` fh assuraegh jc rhasjeaflh rhloafoloty ae` gjrrhgt jphratoje.

Curtmhr assuraegh tjwar`s tmh phrcjrbaegh jc oethe`h` cuegtoje

aljed wotm hstaflosmh` shguroty prjghùrhs.

Pmus oc yjur gjbputhr systhb os oechgth` wotm vorus jr balwarh

jr jtmhr sugm uewaeth` prjdrabs, ot gjul` ejt fh sao` a shgurh

systhb.(zc) shguroty prjghùrh bhaes tmh shguroty prjgh-

ùrh prhsgrofh` ue`hr shgtoje 13 fy tmh Ghetral Djvhre-

bhet;

(zd) sufsgrofhr bhaes a phrsje oe wmjsh eabh tmh

[Hlhgtrjeog WodeaturhR66Ghrtocogath os ossuh`;

(zm) vhrocy oe rhlatoje tj a òdotal sodeaturh,

hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` jr puflog khy, wotm ots drabbatogal

varoatojes ae` gjdeath hxprhssojes bhaes tj hthrboeh

wmhtmhr

(a) tmh oeotoal hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` was accoxh` wotm tmh

òdotal sodeaturh fy tmh ush jc provath khy gjrrhspjeòed

tj tmh puflog khy jc tmh sufsgrofhr;

(f) tmh oeotoal hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` os rhtaoeh` oetagt jr

mas fhhe althrh` soegh sugm hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` was sj ac-

coxh` wotm tmh òdotal sodeaturh.(6) Aey rhchrhegh oe tmos Agt tj aey heagtbhet jr aey

prjvosoje tmhrhjc small, oerhlatoje tj ae arha oe wmogm

sugm heagtbhet jr sugm prjvosoje os ejt oe cjrgh, fh

gjestruhàs a rhchrhegh tj tmh gjrrhspjeòed law jr

tmh rhlhvaet prjvosoje jc tmh gjrrhspjeòed law,oc aey,


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oe cjrgh oe tmat arha.

Vhchrheghs1. Wufstotuth` wotm @odotal Wodeaturh fy Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Abhe`-

bhet Agt, 699=6. Wufstotuth` wotm @odotal Wodeaturh fy Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Abhe`-

bhet Agt, 699=7. ofo`0. Oeshrth` fy OPAA 699=8. OLV 6998 KAV 6619; (6998) 6 AOV Kaet V ?783. Oeshrth` fy OPAA 699=4. ofo`=. ofo`

?. Xelokh galgulatjr, gjbputhr os prjdrabbaflh ae` ot alsj wjrks oe gjenueg-toje wotm hxthreal colhs.

19. Tjr` Vhdulatojes jbotth` fy OPAA, 699=11. Oeshrth` fy OPAA, 699=16. ofo`17. (699=) 10= @LP 6=?; OLV(699=) 6 @hl =0610. AOV 6998 Jro 1118. (699=) 10= @LP 6=?; OLV(699=) 6 @hl =0613. (6911) 11 Wuprhbh Gjurt Gashs 64814. Oeshrth` fy OPAA, 699=1=. Oeshrth` fy OPAA, 699=1?. Oeshrth` fy OPAA, 699=69. Wufstotuth` wotm àta, thxt, fy OPAA, 699=61. Wufstotuth` wotm jl` `hcoeotoje jc oethrbhòary; 6 (w) oethrbhòary

wotm rhsphgt tj aey partogular hlhgtrjeog bhssadh bhaes aey phrsje wmjje fhmalc jc aejtmhr phrsje rhghovhs, stjrhs jr traesbots tmat bhssadh jrprjvo`hs aey shrvogh wotm rhsphgt tj tmat bhssadh;

66. Wufstotuth` wotm @odotal Wodeaturh fy Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Abhe`-bhet Agt, 699=


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GMAYPHV OO

@ODOPAL WODEAPXVH AE@HLHGPVJEOG WODEAPXVH

Gjevhetojeal sodeaturhs arh barks ba`h fy phrsjes tj autmhe-togath a `jgubhet, ae` assurh tmh rhghovhr tmat mh mas sodeh` ot

phrsjeally. Fut oe gash jc hbaols, bhrhly typoed jut jehs eabh at

tmh he` jc a `jgubhet os mar`ly aey rhassuraegh cjr tmh rhghovhr.

Oe tmos adh wmhrh grjjks arh a`hquathly hquopph` tj magk oetj sys-

thbs, ae` agquorh aey àta tmhy wosm tj, tmh Oethreht os ejt a sach

bhòub cjr shgurh gjbbueogatoje. Mhegh tmh gjeghpt jc @odotal

Wodeaturhs mas gjbh up.

Gmapthr 6 oeotoally `halt wotm tmh òdotal sodeaturh, fut lathly

acthr tmh abhe`bhet jc 699= hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh was oeshrth`.

Wj, tmh gjecusoje fhtwhhe tmhb was coeally vaeosmh` acthr albjst

a `hga`h.

@odotal sodeaturhs arh jcthe ush` tj obplhbhet hlhgtrjeog sodea-

turhs, a frja`hr thrb tmat rhchrs tj aey hlhgtrjeog àta tmat garrohs

tmh oethet jc a sodeaturh, fut ejt all hlhgtrjeog sodeaturhs ush odotal

sodeaturhs.Oe sjbh gjuetrohs, oegluòed Oeòa, hlhgtrjeog sodeaturhsmavh lhdal sodeocogaegh.

Hvjlutoje jc @odotal Wodeaturh

Oe 1?43, Tmotcohl` @occoh ae` Bartoe Mhllbae gabh tj `hsgrofh

tmh o`ha jc a òdotal sodeaturh sgmhbh cjr tmh corst tobh. Lathr, tmh

VWA aldjrotmb was oevheth` fy Vjeal` Vovhst, Aò Wmabor ae` Lhe

A`lhbae. Pmhsh gjul` fh utolozh` tj prjùgh probotovh òdotal sod-eaturhs jely oe gashs jc prjjc-jc-gjeghpt as plaoe VWA sodeaturhs

arh ejt shgurh.

Pmhrhacthr, sugm jtmhr òdotal sgmhbhs whrh hvjlvh` acthr

tmh sao` VWA, eabhly tmh Labpjrt sodeaturhs, bhrklh sodeaturhs

(eabh` acthr bhrklh trhhs jr sobply masm trhhs) ae` Vafoe


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sodeaturhs.

Oe 1?==, WmacoDjl`wasshr, Wolvoj Bogalo ae` Vjeal` Vovhst gabh

tj suddhst a chw shguroty rhquorhbhets jc sugm òdotal sodeaturh

sgmhbhs. Pmhy alsj prjpjsh` tj apply a mohrargmy jc attagk bj`hls

cjr sodeaturh sgmhbhs ae` alsj a DBV sodeaturh sgmhbh wmogm gae

fh prjvh` oe tmh corst oestaegh cjr tmh prhvhetoje jc a sufsostoed

cjrdhry adaoest a shlhgth` bhssadh attagk. Pmh sodeaturh sgmhbhs

oevheth` at tmh harly pmash whrh bjstly tmh sabh, tmh gjbbje

tmoed fhoed tmh ush jc a trap`jjr phrbutatoje sugm as tmh VWA

cuegtoje htg.

Wj, ot shhbs ljts jc thgmejljdy ae` gjbputhr sgohegh os oevjlvh`

oe tmh hvjlutoje jc odotal sodeaturh. Pmos agt modmly apprhgoaths yjurthgmej-lhdal shesh jc ue`hrstaeòed. Pmjsh wmj arh ejt thgmejl-

jdy aflh` ehh` ejt tj pusm ot mar` as tmh fasog ue`hrstaeòed jc

oethreht, h.d. Caghfjjk, Djjdlh, d-baol, jr twotthr htg., os succogohet

tj dht tmos rodmt.

Mjwhvhr, tmh wjr` WODE os `hcoeh` ue`hr Whgtoje 7(83) jc

tmh Dhehral Glaushs Agt 1=?4 as cjlljws. Wode wotm ots drabbato-

gal varoatojes ae` gjdeath hxprhssojes, small, wotm rhchrhegh tj a

phrsje wmj os ueaflh tj wroth mos eabh, oeglu`h bark, wotm otsdrabbatogal varoatoje ae` gjdeath hxprhssojes.

Pmus tmh Dhehral Glaushs Agt 1=?4 ò` ejt agtually `hcoeh tmh

thrb fut jely staths tmat ot wjul` oeglu`h hvhe a bark oe tmh gash

jc phrsjes ueaflh tj wroth tmhor eabhs.

Oe tmh Thfsthrs ògtojeary; tmh wjr` sode bhaes tj wroth

jehs eabh je, as oe agkejwlh`doed autmjrsmop, autmjrosoed ag-

toje htg.

Pmh wjr` WODEAPXVH os tmhrhcjrh tj fh gjestruh` aggjròed

tj tmh bhaeoed jc tmh wjr` WODE as òsgussh`. A sodeaturh os tmh

wrotoed jr jtmhrwosh accoxoed a phrsjes eabh jr a bark tj rhprhshet

mos eabh fy mobshlc jr mos autmjroty wotm tmh oethetoje jc autmhe-

togatoed a `jgubhet as fhoed tmat jc, jr as foeòed je, tmh phrsje

wmjsh eabh jr bark os sj wrotthe jr accoxh`.. Yuttoed oeotoals os alsj

djj` ae` hqually valo` as tmat jc a sodeaturh. Ot bay alsj fh ejth`

tmat sodeaturh oeglu`hs obprhssoje wotm ruffhr stabp alsj.

@odotal Wodeaturh

Pmh a`vhet jc oecjrbatoje thgmejljdy rhvjlutojeosh` tmh wmjlh

wjrl` ae` cjrtueathly Oeòa lh` a lhaòed rjlh ae` gapturh` dljfal

atthetoje. Oeòa passh` Oecjrbatoje thgmejljdy Agt 6999 (Pmh Agt)


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wmogm gabh oetj cjrgh je 14-19-6999. Pmh Agt applohs tj tmh wmjlh

jc Oeòa ae` hvhe tj phrsjes wmj gjbbot jcchegh jutso`h Oeòa.

Pmh Agt valoàths @ODOPAL WODEAPXVH ae` prjvo`hs cjr he-

afloed a phrsje tj ush ot nust lokh tmh traòtojeal sodeaturh. Pmh fasog

purpjsh jc òdotal sodeaturh os ejt òcchrhet crjb jur gjevhetojeal

sodeaturh. Pmh purpjsh tmhrhcjrh os tj autmhetogath tmh `jgubhet,

tj o`hetocy tmh phrsje ae` tj bakh tmh gjethets jc tmh `jgubhet

foeòed je phrsje puttoed òdotal sodeaturh.

A òdotal sodeaturh jr òdotal sodeaturh sgmhbhos a batmhbato-

gal sgmhbh cjr `hbjestratoed tmh autmhetogoty jc a òdotal bhssadh

jr `jgubhet. A valo` òdotal sodeaturh dovhs a rhgopohet rhasje tj

fhlohvh tmat tmh bhssadh was grhath` fy a kejwe she`hr, ae` tmatot was ejt althrh` oe traesot. @odotal sodeaturhs arh fash` je puflog

khy hegryptoje.

A odotal sodeaturh mas baey a`vaetadhs. Corstly, ot os pjrtaflh.A

phrsje `jhs ejt mavh tj dj tj tmh plaghs phrsjeally ae` tmhe sode

a pohgh jc `jgubhet. Ot os hasy tj nust sot oe sjbh jtmhr part jc tmh

wjrl` sode a partogular gjetragt ae` she` ot tmrjudm h-baol.

Whgje`ly, ot gaeejt fh gjpoh`. @uh tj ots obbhesh shguroty sjct-

warh prjvo`h` fy tmh ghrtocyoed autmjroty, ot fhgjbhs obpjssoflh tjgjpy tmh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh.

Pmor`ly, òdotal sodeaturh os prjbpt; ot baoely gjbhs mae`y

wmhe batthr os urdhet. Pmrjudm gjurohr ej batthr mjw bugm tobh

ot takhs tmh jgubhet gjul` fh sodeh` tmrjudm odotal sodeaturh ae`

shet wotmoe chw shgje`s.

Totm tmh passadh jc tmh OP (Abhe`bhet) Agt,699= Oeòa mas

fhgjbh thgmejljdogally ehutral ùh tj a`jptoje jc hlhgtrjeog

sodeaturhs as a lhdally valo` bj`h jc hxhgutoed sodeaturhs. Pmos

oeglu`hs òdotal sodeaturhs as jeh jc tmh bj`hs jc sodeaturhs ae`

os car frja`hr oe abfot gjvhroed fojbhtrogs ae` jtmhr ehw cjrbs jc

grhatoed hlhgtrjeog sodeaturhs.

Pmos os a pjsotovh gmaedh as Oeòa mas occhrhet shdbhets phjplh

ae` all bay ejt fh thgmejljdogally a`hpt tj ue`hrstae` ae` ush tmh

òdotal sodeaturhs. Pmhrhcjrh, alljwoed cjrbs jc autmhetogatoje tmat

arh sobplhr tj ush sugm as rhtoea sgaeeoed gae fh quoth ushcul oehc-chgtovh obplhbhetatoje jc tmh Agt. Mjwhvhr, tmh gmallhedh ot pjshs

os agghssofoloty tj autmhetogatoje tjjls ae` obpartoed hùgatoje tj

phjplh tj ush tmh sabh.

Pmh cuegtojeoed jc @odotal Wodeaturh os fash` je tmh systhb jc

puflog khy gryptjdrapmy. Yuflog-khy gryptjdrapmy rhchrs tj agryptj-


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drapmog systhb rhquoroed twj shparath khys, jeh jc wmogm os shgrht

ae` jeh jc wmogm os puflog. Altmjudm òcchrhet, tmh twj parts jc tmh

khy paor arh batmhbatogally loekh`. Jeh khy ljgks jr hegrypts tmh

plaoe thxt, ae` tmh jtmhr ueljgks jr hgrypts tmh gopmhr thxt. Ehotmhr

khy gae phrcjrb fjtm cuegtojes. Jeh jc tmhsh khys os puflosmh` jr

puflog, wmolh tmh jtmhr os khpt provath.

Khy hegryptoje alljws bjrh tmae nust provagy. Ot gae alsj assurh

tmh rhgopohet jc tmh autmhetogoty jc a `jgubhet fhgaush a provath

khy gae fh ush` tj hegj`h a bhssadh tmat jely a puflog khy gae

`hgj`h.

Oc O mavh oecjrbatoje O waet tj sode fhcjrh sheòed ot tj yju, by

gjbputhr ushs by provath khy tj hegopmhr ot. Ejw tmh bhssadh gaefh rha` jely oc by puflog khy-wmogm yju ae` hvhryjeh hlsh kejw-os

ush` tj hgopmhr ot. Pmos bhssadh os vhrotafly crjb bh fhgaush ej jeh

hlsh mas tmh provath khy tmat gjul` mavh hegrypth` ot oe tmos way.

@odotal Vhvjlutoje oe Oeòa

Oe Oeòa, BGA-61prjdrabbh lauegmh` fy tmh Boeostry jc Gjrpj-

rath Accaors (BGA) rhally rhvjlutojeosh` tmh ush jc odotal sodeaturhfy bakoed H-coloed baeàtjry cjr bjst jc tmh `jgubhets rhquorh`

tj fh colh` ue`hr tmh Gjbpaeohs Agt 1?83 ae` ue`hr tmh Loboth`

Loafoloty Yartehrsmop Agt 699= (LLY Agt).

Boeostry jc Gjbpaey Accaorsmas oeotoath` BGA61 prjdrab, cjr

hasy ae` shgurh agghss tj ots shrvoghs oe a baeehr tmat fhst suots tmh

fusoehsshs ae` gotozhes. BGA61 os hevosojeh` tj prjvo`h aeytobh

ae` aeywmhrh shrvoghs tj fusoehsshs. Ot os a pojehhroed prjdrab fh-

oed tmh corst bossoje bj`h h-djvhreaegh prjnhgt fhoed ue`hrtakheoe tmh gjuetry. Pmos prjdrab fuol`s je tmh vosoje tj oetrjùgh a

Whrvogh Jroheth` Apprjagm oe tmh `hsode ae` `hlovhry jc Djvhre-

bhet shrvoghs, hstaflosm a mhaltmy fusoehss hgjsysthb ae` bakh tmh

gjuetry dljfally gjbphtotovh.

Pmh BGA61 applogatoje os hsodeh` tj suppjrt Glass 6 & 7 @odotal

Wodeaturh Ghrtocogaths ossuh` fy loghesh` Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty ue`hr

Gjetrjllhr jc Ghrtocyoed Autmjrotohs.

Pmh Oegjbh tax `hpartbhet cjlljwh` suot ae` prjvo`h` gjb-pulsjry coloed jc rhtures oe tmh hlhgtrjeog bj`h hxghpt a chw ue`hr

tmh Oegjbh Pax Agt 1?31. Pmh Ghetral Hxgosh Agt ae` Coeaegh Agt

1??0 (`haloed wotm shrvogh tax) alsj prjvo`hs sgmhbhs cjr H-coloed.

Ejw tmh applogatoje cjr rhdostratoje ue`hr Cjrhode Gjetrofutoje

Vhdulatojes Agt prjvo`hs tmat ot small fh colh` hlhgtrjeogally. Pmh


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applogatoje cjr OHG gj`h os tj fh colh` hlhgtrjeogally wotm @DCP

(@orhgtjr Dhehral jc Cjrhode Pra`h).

Pmus osgussoje oeògaths tmh hxthet jc hlhgtrjeog rhvjlutoje tmat

mas takhe plagh oe Oeòa ae` tmus tmh obpjrtaegh ae` rhlhvaegh jc

òdotal sodeaturh. Pobh os ejt car away wmhe wh bay hvhe cjrdht

jur jwe mae` sodeaturh ùh tj eje-usadh.

Hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh ae` @odotal Wodeaturh

Gjuetrohs arjue` tmh wjrl` hstaflosm tmh lhdal staeòed jc h-sod-

eaturhs. @jgubhets sodeh` wotm gjbploaet h-sodeaturh sjctwarh mavh

tmh sabh lhdal valoòty as traòtojeal phe-ae`-paphr gjetragts.

Pmoek jc hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh as oestha` jc phe ae` paphr yjuarh usoed a hvogh wmogm fy usoed sjbh koe` jc sjctwarh, she`s yjur

sodeaturh tj tmh gjbputhr ueot, sobultaehjusly wmhe yju arh soedoed

ot. Pmus ot apphars tmat sodeoed je gjbputhr òrhgtly.

_hs, tmjudm baey phjplh quoth jcthe ush ot oethrgmaedhafly

wotm òdotal sodeaturh, Fut je a gljshr aealysos ot gae fh ejtogh`

tmat tmh thrb hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh os vhry wo`h ae` òdotal sod-

eaturh os jely jeh jc tmh baey koe`s jc hlhgtrjeog sodeaturhs jehgae hevosadh.

Pmh thrb hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh os `hcoeh` ue`hr shgtoje 6(ta)

jc tmh OP Agt 6999 (as oeshrth` fy Oecjrbatoje Phgmejljdy Abhe`-

bhet Agt 699= (OPAA) as cjlljws>

Hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh bhaes autmhetogatoje jc aey hlhgtrjeog

rhgjr` fy a sufsgrofhr fy bhaes jc tmh hlhgtrjeog thgmeoquh sphgocoh`

oe tmh shgje` sgmhùlh ae` oeglu`hs òdotal sodeaturh.

Pmh hxprhssoje @odotal sodeaturh os `hcoeh` ue`hr shgtoje6(p) as cjlljws> @odotal Wodeaturh bhaes autmhetogatoje jc aey

hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` fy asufsgrofhr fy bhaes jc ae hlhgtrjeog bhtmj`

jr prjghùrh oe aggjràegh wotmtmh prjvosojes jc shgtoje 7;

Pmhrhcjrh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh os a wo`hr thrb ae` òdotal sod-

eaturh os jeh koe` jc ae hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh ue`hr tmh OP Agt 6999.

Pmus, Oc yju sobply wroth yjur eabh ae` say O sode tmat woll fh

succogohet tj gjestotuth hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh fut jfvojusly ot os ejt at

all sach jr shgurh. Pmh phrsje gae always say tmat sjbh jtmhr phrsjetyph` mos eabh oe tmh jgubhet wotmjut mos gjeshet jr kejwlh`dh.

Mhrh, tmh òdotal sodeaturh plays ae obpjrtaet rjlh as tmh sabh os

shgurh ae` tmh phrsje gaeejt fh alljwh` tj `hey tmat mh ò` ejt

sode uelhss mh prjvh wotm glhar hvo`hegh tmat ot was put wotmjut mos

gjeshet jr kejwlh`dh


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@odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocgath (@WG)

@odotal Ghrtocogaths shrvh as ae o`hetoty jc ae oeòvoùal cjr a

ghrtaoe purpjsh, h.d. a `rovoed loghesh o`hetocohs sjbhjeh wmj gae

lhdally `rovh oe a partogular gjuetry. Lokhwosh, a @odotal Ghrtocogathgae fh prhsheth` hlhgtrjeogally tj prjvh yjur o`hetoty jr yjur rodmt

tj agghss oecjrbatoje jr shrvoghs je tmh Oethreht. @odotal Ghrtocogaths

arh tmh òdotal hquovalhets (o.h. hlhgtrjeog cjrbat) jc pmysogal jr

paphr Ghrtocogaths lokh yjur `rovoed loghesh, passpjrt jr bhbfhr-

smop gar`s.

Whgtoje 6(q) jc tmh Agt hcoehs tmh @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath

tj bhae a @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath ossuh` ue`hr suf-shgtoje

(0) jc shgtoje 78 ae` `jhs ejt hxplaoe ots bhaeoed.

@WG os ossuh` fy tmh autmjrotohs kejwe as Ghrtocyoed Autmjrotohs.

Whgtoje 78 `hals wotm tmh prjghùrh cjr ossuh jc hlhgtrjeog/òdotal

sodeaturh fy tmh Ghrtocyoed Autmjrotohs. Whgtoje 78(0) prjvo`hs tmat

je rhghopt jc ae applogatoje ue`hr suf-shgtoje (1), tmh Ghrtocyoed

Autmjroty bay, acthr gjeso`hratoje jc tmh ghrtocogatoje pragtogh stath-

bhet jr tmh jtmhr stathbhet ue`hr suf-shgtoje (7) ae` acthr bakoed

sugm hequorohs as ot bay hhb cot, draet tmh @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtoco-gath jr cjr rhasjes tj fh rhgjr`h` oe wrotoed, rhnhgt tmh applogatoje.

Yrjvo`h` ej applogatoje small fh rhnhgth` uelhss tmh applogaet mas

fhhe dovhe a rhasjeaflh jppjrtueoty jc smjwoed gaush adaoest tmh

prjpjsh` rhnhgtoje.

Pmus tmh OP Agt 6999 as sugm j ejt gjetaoe tmh hxagt bhaeoed

jc tmh thrb @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath fut jely `hsgrofhs tmat

sugm a ghrtocogath os jeh wmogm os ossuh` fy tmh GA acthr cjlljwoed

tmh prhsgrofh` prjghùrh. Fut O mavh alrha`y hxplaoeh` tmh bhaeoedjc tmh sabh oe tmh afjvh paradrapm.

Pyphs jc @odotal Wodeaturhs

Pmhrh arh tmrhh typhs jc odotal sodeaturhs fash` je shguroty lhv-

hls lokh Glass-1, Glass-6 ae` Glass-7 ghrtocogaths. Glass 1 ghrtocogaths j

ejt garry aey lhdal rhgjdeotoje soegh ots valoàtoje os fash` jely je

tmh fasos jc a valo` h-baol ae` os ejt fash` je òrhgt vhrocogatoje.Glass-6 ghrtocogaths tmh o`hetoty jc tmh phrsje os vhrocoh` je tmh

fasos jc a trusth` prh-vhrocoh` àtafash. Glass-7 rhprhshets tmh tjp

lhvhl wmhrh a phrsje os rhquorh` tj fh prhshet oe crjet jc a Vhdostra-

toje Autmjroty tj prjvh mos/mhr o`hetoty.

BGA61 oesosts je Glass-6 ghrtocogath cjr coloed `jgubhets ue`hr


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tmh Gjbpaeohs Agt ae` Loboth` Loafoloty Yartehrsmop Agt. Pmh jtmhr

autmjrotohs alsj rhgjdeosh @odotal Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath oe tmh glass-6

gathdjry ae` ejt glass-1. Pmh @odotal Wodeaturh os rhquorh` ue`hr tmh

Gjbpaeohs Agt ae` LLY Agt fy auòtjrs, orhgtjrs, gjbpaey shgrhtar-

ohs, faekhrs, cjr coloed rhdostratoje ae` satoscagtoje jc gmardhs htg.;

cjr tmh purpjsh jc coloed varojus rhtures ae` `jgubhets.

@odotal Wodeaturhs ae` Hvo`hegh Agt

Pmh Oeòae Hvo`hegh Agt 1=46 os a pohgh jc lhdoslatoje `haloed

wotm hvo`heghs tmat gae fh prjùgh` jr a`botth` oe a gjurt jc law fy

tmh lotodatoed partohs. Pmh law wmogm was heagth` oe 1=46 eaturally

ò` ejt hevosadh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturhs ae` rhgjr`s as hvo`heghs.Mhegh oe vohw jc tmh wo`hsprha` ush jc hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`s ae` Hlhg-

trjeog sodeaturhs oegluòed @odotal Wodeaturh ot was chlt ehghssary

tj abhe` tmh sao` Agt tj bakh ot oe gjecjrboty wotm tmh gmaedoed

trhe`s oe tmh sjgohty.

Whgtoje 7 jc tmh Hvo`hegh Agt 1=46 prjvo`hs cjr oethrprhtatoje

jr `hcoeotoje jc ghrtaoe wjr`s jr hxprhssojes ush` oe tmh Agt. Pmh

sao` shgtoje was abhe`h` tj oeglu`h hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`s alsj oe tmh`hcoeotoje jc tmh thrb hvo`hegh.

Curtmhr shgtoje 04A mas fhhe oeshrth` tj prjvo`h tmat wmhe tmh

Gjurt mas tj cjrb ae jpoeoje as tj tmh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh jc aey

phrsje, tmh jpoeoje jc tmh Ghrtocyoed Autmjroty wmogm mas ossuh` tmh

hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh Ghrtocogath os a rhlhvaet cagt.

Whgtoje 34A mas fhhe oeshrth` wmogm prjthgts tmh shgurh hlhg-

trjeog Wodeaturh. Ot prjvo`hs tmat oc tmh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh jc aey

sufsgrofhr os allhdh` tj mavh fhhe accoxh` tj ae hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`tmh cagt tmat sugm hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh os tmh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh jc

tmh sufsgrofhr bust fh prjvh` hxghpt wmhe tmh sabh os a shgurh

hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh.

Whgtoje 47A mas fhhe ehwly oeshrth` tj prjvo`h tmat tmh gjurt

bay òrhgt tmh gjeghreh` phrsje jr Ghrtocyoed Autmjrotohs tj asghr-

taoe wmhtmhr @odotal Wodeaturh os tmat jc tmh phrsje fy wmjb ot os

purpjrth` tj mavh fhhe accoxh`. Ot bay alsj òrhgt aey jtmhr phrsje

tj apply tmh puflog khy losth` oe tmh hlhgtrjeog Wodeaturh Ghrtocogathae` vhrocy tmh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh purpjrth` tj mavh fhhe accoxh`

fy tmat phrsje.

Whgtoje =8F(1) prjvo`hs tmat Oe aey prjghhòeds oevjlvoed a

shgurh hlhgtrjeog rhgjr`, tmh Gjurt small prhsubh uelhss gjetrary os

prjvh`, tmat tmh shgurh hlhgtrjeog rhgjr` mas ejt fhhe althrh` soegh


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tmh sphgocog pjoet jc tobh tj wmogm tmh shgurh status rhlaths.

Whgtoje =8F (6) prjvo`hs tmat uelhss tmh gjetrary os prjvh` tmh

gjurt small prhsubh tmat tmh shgurh hlhgtrjeog sodeaturh os accoxh`

fy sufsgrofhr wotm tmh oethetoje jc sodeoed jr apprjvoed tmh hlhg-

trjeog rhgjr`. Ot curtmhr prjvo`hs tmat tmhrh small fh ej prhsubptoje

rhlatoed tj autmhetogoty ae` oe

Cyber And Technology Laws

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