Cwr m2m Down Singles

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Machine to Machine

technologies: Unlocking the

potential o a $1 trillion indUstry

the carBon War rooM a t & t

Author:

Matt Cullinen

Editors:

tessa lee,

Hilary MCMaHon

Are Triadlogo -

ReseaRch

RepoRt

FEb. 2013



2

www.carbonwarroom.com

ContentsExEcutivE suMMArY 04

06 k rmm

iNtroductioN 0813 ou r a

M2M-ENAbLEd EMissioNs rEductioNs 14

thE MArKEt For M2M tEchNoLoGiEs 18

M2M APPLicAtioNs iN ProMisiNG sEctors 2223 e

24 t

26 t Bu evm

28 auu

bArriErs to thE GrEAtEr AdoPtioN

oF M2M tEchNoLoGiEs 3233 m Vu c

34 l Uv s

34 l pm d

35 cmmu M c

35 imb s M

l s c36 h su c

rEcoMMENdAtioNs:

NEW idEAs For ovErcoMiNG bArriErs 3839 Vu c i U

M2M p

40 iu c s

41 Mu d lv i Vu

44 m s nw pu

45 ivv nw Bu M s s

coNcLudiNG thouGhts 46

WorKs citEd 48

GLossArY 48

AcKNoWLEdGEMENts 50

About thNK 51

About thE cArboN WAr rooM 51

machine to machine technologies

m m t:U p $1 idu

© 2013 Crbo Wr Room.t pu pdud p d du p pup u p p p d, pddd u d.

n u pu d pup u p c w r.

Prodcd by h Crbo Wr Room

Rrch & Illigc Grop:h mm, D rm cu, s at l, a

www.CrboWrRoom.comwww..com

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carbon war room research rePort – 2013carbon war room research rePort – 2013

FIGuRes anD Case stuDIes

FiGurE 1 19gb cu M2M nw c (2010–2016)

FiGurE 2 21

dm M2M su—n am eu m

cAsE studY 1 23

M—a o-s s M2M sm gU WMaX t

cAsE studY 2 25

kore tm nvm W p nw hm su

cAsE studY 3 26

J l ls p c—icmm

cAsE studY 4 31

J d -su

cAsE studY 5 36

W M ru Mm s

cAsE studY 6 40

i du tm p ee sm g su

cAsE studY 7 41

cumu—Vu c i

cAsE studY 8 42

a ru omz—Qu ru

Coribig Prr:Rrch Codcd I Prrhip wih:



ExecutiveSummary

4



th M2Midry i projcd

o mii 23 prcl growh r ovr

h x dcd, d whi ody $121 billiobi will b worh$948 billio by 2020

(Ho 2012)




carbon war room research rePort – 2013

h , h wd h wd cc ccv pd hm h. W w k

gd hg h j 20 g w h cc-c mv.o w chg, ccvy—cdg h by ycc ch h m p h gb d cc h cg hm kwdg dmd—h dv chgd dmpvd v. ad ccv cg.

i j h w , w hv mvd bd mp g mch cc wh h pp d c w pgm hm cc dc h, wg h cc d pcg m pcdd c. th w ccv bh phc cd dvc bg d h ‘id i’, h ‘i thg’, wh h chg h c h ccv m cmmcd ‘Mch--Mch’ (M2M).

By 2020, h w b 12.5 b M2M dvc gby, p m 1.3 b dvcd (H 2012). t p h ppcv, mb i , whch bcmg p d xpc, gwg c h M2M, d h 400 m mb i 2007 pdcd gw w b b 2015 (rchmd 2011).

th cd ccv w mpv v, w g b cmc b. th M2M d pjcd m 23 pc gwh v h x dcd, d wh dy $121 b b w b wh $948 b b 2020 (H 2012).

Mv, h chg pvd pcdd pp mpv c’ c d m cc. a wh, im dCmmc tchg (iCt), whch M2M b, c mpv

h cc wh whch c dk k g d m w hw, c, mpb. ad mpvg cc m-mkg dv. th ccd mch h id i cpb gg bh c vg d w v h cd dd$10–15 gb GDP—h c z h u.s. cm—v hx 20 (ev & az 2012). B , c m dM2M chg w dc h m g qd gh jb d, wg gh g (GHG) m wh ccgpdc, cmp, cmc gwh.

Dcpg cmc gwh m GHG m gb mpvqg b gvm, b, d dvd. Pvg vggb mp c m h 2°C w q GHG m hk b 5–7 gg (b mc , G) cb dxd

qv (Co2)— mv m, q 10–15 pc h wd’ m d (Gg thwdw iv 2009; uneP 2011).lck, w w p m chg h c ccmph h g, dv p .

B h d h dcd, M2M d d iCt chg cd dc GHGm b 9.1 G Co

2 , g q 18.6 pc h wd’

49 G Co2 md 2011—ppxm h m h

ud s d id 2010, h cd d hd m cb-vc h wd (eDGar 2013). B , h p pp h m h bg gh c m cm bz g.

I

execUtive sUmmary

M2M ppc h enrgy, transrain, Buil

envirnmn d Agriculur c h m

pmg, ch g h p pbdcg GHG m b m h 1.5 G Co2 b

2020 (BCG & Gsi 2012). i h p, b m pv— cc cmc cvy, bb pmzg h c v m cmpxd c, M2M cd p h ccd gb chg ccc d cm chg. i w z chgch M2M h p, ‘w cb’ w bm wh cmc gwh d bpp, w d h .

abo hi Rpor

o gal pe a famewk f geneang

gw n M2M, w a f n e e a

ae e geae penal aee lage-

ale en n GhG emn.

in pala, we am enfy w maj

elemmnan mpane an e

wn e ‘M2M ale an’ an wk

nepenenly an llaaely aeleae

e gw f new ny an pee e

wl’ ann a lw-an enmy.



KeY FInDInGs anD ReCOMMenDatIOns

th p k h c mk pjc M2M, wh pcc c chg h vb h mk d. W d h chg

h m pv h d m mg mv p, d w m d m hm. th g h p, h, bh ph wd h M2M d, h v p p ddm d h gb cm wh g cbg h wd’ dd h chg cm chg.

M2M i Growh Mrk

th M2M mk md v, cc, dvc, dcc c. th mc wh gv M2M ch g p dc gh g m.

• Rvnu: ov h x v , M2M chg pjcd xpc 23 pc gwh , g m $121 b

dvd v 2012 bcm $948 b b by 2020 (H 2012).

• Conncions: th gb mb w cc d M2M dvc gwg mc . i 2011, h mb cc d M2M cd b 37 pc 108 m, wh h g gwh p 64 pc h a-Pcc g (Bg igh 2012). ep xpcd cm h bgg mk h, bg pjcd 3.5 bM2M cc b 2020 (H 2012).

• Dvics: W c xpc 12.5 b M2M-cpb dvc h wdb 2020. M h dvc w b Ch, whch dg h w cpg M2M ’ c (H & Mh 2011).

• eicincy and Carbn Rducins: th m c mdg pdc h

iCt cd v v 9.1 G Co2 b 2020 cc g hwd’ k cmc c (BCG & Gsi 2012). eg, tp,h B evm, d agc c ch h p pbydcg GHG m b 1.5 G Co

2, ch b 2020 (BCG & Gsi 2012).

th B o M2M tchologi

• ac v c, h cp M2M chg cmp’ p w c p b mpvg cc g,m d c, d b dcg w.

• th M2M d gwh mk cmp g vch, d pp v h gwh c, ch h itd, pvdg m w jb d v.

• M2M chg c hp h wd ‘d m wh ’ d p ppy m h d gwg wd. i pc, c hp dd bh hgh g dmd d h chg bz.

• M2M c dc , hpg pp m dcg h d v.

• M2M c pvd m c-b my d, cdg mpvd d b.

6



M2M’ Poil i Ky scor

• enrgy: M2M cd v v 2.0 G Co2 by 2020

h eg c b cg h dp

‘m gd’ chg g d m,cdg m m d dmd-pm. M2M c mpv h cc g pdc d m, d ch dc m b cg h wch wb.

• transoraion:M2M cd v y 1.9 G Co2

b 2020 h tp c b pmzg p, , ck, d hp h pp d gd mvd c pb (BCG & Gsi 2012).

• t Buil envirnmn: M2M cd v 1.6 G

Co2 b 2020 m h B evm c bcg h g cc bdg m,cdg hg, cg d v, ghg,cc d ppc, d c m(BCG & Gsi 2012).

• Agriculur: M2M cd v h 1.6 G Co

2 b 2020 h agc c b dcg

d, mgg vck, d cg hcc pg, dg, hvg, zppc d w —wg m d bgw wh w c d vg m m (BCG & Gsi 2012).

th icorporioo M2M chologi

io compy’oprio will

icr pro byimprovig cici

o rgy, imd rorc





th Ky Brrir o sclig M2M tchologi

• Fragmnd Valu Chain: Mb nwk op (Mno) ky py M2M, d hv h dvg cg ccv, b h

v h p bg cmp mk. thpv c m bg hd, -k pdc m d mk dc d- v .

• Lack Univrsal Sandards: a v gz wkg h c dd M2M ppc d hdw. Hwv,h hv b w gg d gmd. th ck ddpm M2M cmp, d, d vc , c c v wh pcc d, mk hd g M2M chgbdy pd m mk. lck ch dd f wppc dvpm d xcb v ch gm.

• Lack prrmanc Daa: P c d dd h vpp chg qg gc p vm.

exmp M2M cc m, b c d d c mkg pjc d mg hv b gd pdc .

• Cmmunicain and Marking Callngs: Cmp g M2M d b b cmmc h b mpmg M2M m v wh p c cmp, m hpcm mg h CFo. n ck d b ck g mkg g hg h M2M dy’ by cmmch v pp M2M m p c.

• Incmaibl Sals Mdls and Lng Sals Cycl: C c p h pcg m hgh, dcg pbm wh md.F, h cmp g M2M ‘d’ v v’, h vw

ccv h c b. a , gh h bmd dp d mkg md M2M.

th Ky Rcommdio Propod orOvrcomig th Brrir

• Valu Chain Ingraion and Unifd M2M parnrshis: Cv phpd Mg & acq (M&a) qd h mk b b y M2M . i h mm, v b mdd w mkg g, d h cmmd, cb d cc gwh d mpv p mg.

• Indusry Csin n Sandards: M gz wkg ddz. th d bh dhp d cd. th

pp cm cmp k h d h d cvh wd’ xp h d wk gh h mp .

• Masuring Daa and Lvraging is Valu:

Cmp g M2M m wk

bd d cc d c hg. B cg w pdg xg pvd bh b mc d cd, cmp g M2M chp mk h v m pp pc. Ccg vm (roi)hd b c g h wk, hdc mpvg h cc h M2M hmv. th g ppdppy cc d mz h v m d gd b M2M dvc. th cd kh m p v, dcg h cd b h cm d.

• Familiar Sragis r Nw prducs: Cmpg M2M cd k p mkM2M pc h c b, d hm vv pgd h M2M b md.igg M2M b wh xg mkgppch d g g m h d c m w h cmp cdccmph h k.

• Innvaiv Nw Businss Mdls and Sals

Sragis: Cmp g M2M hdmpm g h cvz d/ c pk x. th gcd k my m, cdg c cv,

‘gmc’, -cp cmpg cdd mj v. Cg w v dych cmmc w b k. thd d c m dc dc-d c h dpm M2M chg, mpv v pp, ddvp cmm gg dcb bh wh cm. tcm cmpc k h d h.

M h ppd cmpm v dpd. um, dhp w bqd b pg cmp d pdvd wh h m h dy z

p gwh d dv g-c dc GHG m.

execUtive sUmmary



Introduction

8



Mobil clllrbcripio hv

bcom biqio idvlopd cori—wih prio bov

100 prc i

om c




carbon war room research rePort – 2013 introDUction

T h cmmc d h pv b h bgh h hgh-ch cm, dmg m d cpc

dp d v. i 20 , h d h cmpmd m dmd by b cd d phvc ppg dv p, wh mb cpb d dgg pg m ph i ccv d bd.

M2M Driv h Dvlopm onw Prodc d srvic

th h pd xp pdc d vc p gbchgc v db—d 87 pc h wd’pp hv mb c ph bcp, d 34 pc hvhm i cc (itu 2012). lvgg w ccvy d vy iCt d c b ccy dy cmmpc gb b, bh bg m d m mdm-zd p hv

cgzd h g h m- d c-vg chg pp m mb v wkc cc mg cmpvdvg h mk.

F xmp, bw 42 pc d 47 pc m cxpdg h pp mp mb ccv, pm bvg hdhd dvc, mph, d b, wh 31–33 pc m kg v h p dvp cp mb gd pc (F 2012).

y c, dp h bq c d WiFi, h ccv w hm cd— ccd pp m h pp.‘Mahne--Mahne’ (M2M) ehnlge epeen an enely new paagm

f nney. M2M cc mch mch, d hm v

qd cmmc, pc, v c p h m hmch ccg d hg.

M2M mk pb mp d m m m hb,whch cd b hg m bdg vhc, vdg mch cy’ wdg m, m. th c cpb M2M, y ppc, dc hm , v m, c cc, cv c,d g pmz h pmc phc m— whch v m.

th m ‘M2M’, whch cmm kw ‘bq’ ‘pvv’cmpg, wh -p pc: d gd,d md, d zd, d d cd p (Hb rch2012). i M2M m, dg mcpc d mbddd

vd bjc d g d b h c h bjc h vm. th bjc ccd hgh-pd d hgh-cpcy d m wk, y w, d c h ym h d ccd by h cmp cpb vy pdyzg h d d xc mg m. i dd, hcmp c h m c bck h bjc d pmz c bd h d cvd (em 2010).

M2M q bd g chg, cdg mch, ,wk, cm c w, d h bck-d it c m p. Wh m pc M2M chg hv xd

m , w ccv c c pw d dcd pc h x dd

w h wdpd mpm M2M. thdvc w cpb cm h h h c dvc d chg, ch GPs, w cmpg pw d d pcg whch M2M m mk .

M2M Driv ecoomic Growh

accdg mk cdcd b Mchrch, h 1.3 b M2M dvc pwdwd d, d h pjcd c 12.b b 2020 (H 2012). M2M pdc d vc pjcd gw b 23 pc 2020gg v m d b

h d h dcd (ecm 2012; H 2012). tp h ppcv, M2M pjcd g m v b 2020 h h v h mb ph d, whch c p1.5 pc gb GDP (Vd 2011).

th M2M d h pm d gwc h cm cmp h dg dbd h hdw, w, d ppc qd bM2M m. th v pp h cm cmpg, h cmmc d pcg d pd d h w c mpbw v g hm d c mk cmm d gc m m

c, d hw dc hm dz chc ppc—mg h M2M c w d ccy wh m h d cmmc dh i h d m.

Dig M2M

the em ‘M2M’ efe wha eenally a f-

ep pe: aa geneae, aa anme,

aa analyze, an aa ae pn. Mmpanly, n M2M all f f ee ep an

amaally an alm nananely.

M2M nle a a ange f enlge,

nlng: en an e awae, wele

newk, analy fwae, an ak-en it

nfae.



0



Hwv, h w h M2M chg , gwh ppc, h m c g

v ch, d h v m m hdw dw cmp h mgh cmp gv M2Mm, dd p mk M2M mhg dcd d. t d, h b g bmdwh h iCt d, d h m pc h w vp. B d gg h M2M mgg dc w d d j b dv mb wk p (Mno). th d cdh xpv gwh M2M chg h , w M2M’ p vc m g ppc bh h b--b (B2B) db--cm (B2C) gm.

M2M i Drivr o ecicy

i h , M2M chg w m wd, bg d cmc gwh d hgh-ch jb h w pp d h xp dcd mdd c. Mv, M2M ccv wdm chg d xpc, g hww c wh h wd d , m h qpmwh hm d wkpc h p w fd h w w g wk. Mch m w cc gh h g pbc, d h v mj w v z h b h h chg wb pvdg . a d, M2M chg p h g pp w hv d h c cc c cmc c.

o h mc v, M2M h chgpd b pp gwh. ug p’ c wh h m cc b cc w hp pp d’ v b pp, m h b m xpcd j hx h c. F xmp, M2M c hp vcmh pcc chg h gg d wdbz, whch w y c v cmgdcd. B 2050, h wd’ pp pjcd gw b 2.3 b, whh pp vg b pjcd c b 2.6b (ud n 2012).

Fcd wh h dgch g , chg cmp, b p,d c c bgg cdh w whch M2Mc hp h gwg pp c, gvc, p , dhhc.

M2M ebl Miv Rdcioi GHG emiio

o h c h p, g m b h m cc. C, wm m g d wh , h dwd whch h b

h m gh g h cd c cphc cm chgB mpvg h cc wh whch w c, pc gw cv h c b dc dg GHG mM2M chg cpb bgg b dc GHG m c h p m h m mb bm mp hwd d. accdg ch cdcd b v d gzd nGo, gwh iCt d M2M h h p b cc ghgh h gb cm h cd d GHG m dc p 9.1 gg G Co

2 b 2020 (BCG & Gsi 2012).

th dc GHG m c cc p, d m b h bm mj cmp: 2012 v m h6,000 h wd’ g cmp, cp c pd h hpcc m dc , whch cc vdd 497 m

Co2 m, c d vg roi 33 pc (CDP 2012). thgg h my gy-vg m, cdg h mpm M2Mchg, d h c v h vd cp (roiC h c b m cp.

Hwv, wh h m dc p M2M q pmg, b m z-m chg . th gwh M2M pb g p h wd’ v-cg qm d pcgd g, whch v c h hgh g vadd, gwh M2M d h iCt-bd cc dpd ph b w d wd ccv gw cpdg pdpc, d h xp h ccv cb h gwg cbp h iCt c. a , m m h iCt c pjcd c m 0.91 G Co

2 2011 1.27 G Co

2 b 2020. lck, iCt gwg

m c v , h c m c p dc m gwh 3.8 pc, dw m h 6.pc h iCt xpcd bw 2002–2011, mg h h c gwgm pd h m d mpvd cc (BCG & Gsi 2012).

Wh m m c b d c h g cc h vv c h w ch pd gwh cmpg pd

w cmmc, d M2M chg, h g vgpmd b h wdpd mpm M2M m

dmc g h h cd g gqd h gwh— pv. i c

h GHG-bm p M2M d iCt md b v m g h h

cb p h d (BCG &

Gsi 2012).

th p M2M chg hh p b pd bc hm dvpm, g phph xmp cmc dchgc dvcm hm b dpd pb d mv c wh g cpdg mv c hm GHG m.

M2M chologi

hv h poil oproodly b

idividl, bi,d ociy wholhrogh icr i

cicy d h rligrdcio i hrml

grho g



As the world population grows, M2M technologies will help to conserve

resources through efficiency, resulting in higher standards of living for

consumers and more productivity and revenue opportunities for businesses.

CONNECTIVITY GROWTH

M2M IN A GROWING WORLD

REVENUE GROWTH

Wireless connectivity continues to

grow at a rapid pace as component

prices decrease and technologycontinues to advance.

OPULATION GROWTH

lobal population growth is pre-

cted to occur almost predominantly

urban areas. This creates both a

eed for increasing efficiency, and an

pportunity for M2M technologies

o help ease the strains of resource

onstrained global cities.

Industry analysts predict sustained

growth of over 23% in the M2M marke

driven by rising demand, a rising urba

population, and enabled by large-sca

increases in connectivity.

HOME INTERNET+110% from 2006-2011

CELL PHONES

1 billion in 2000 to6 billion in 2012

M2M

+11.2 billion by 2020

2013 2020

World Populationby 2050

+2.3 BILLIONUrban Populationby 2050

+2.6 BILLION

urces: Evans & Annunziata, 2012; Hatton, 2012; ITU, 2012; Hatton & Morrish, 2011; United Nations, 2011

M2M

GROWTH

GLOBAL



2





OuR ReseaRCH aPPROaCH

th wh h p dvd m vw pv dd mk ch pc h hv xp qd bh h cmc

d h vm b pjc gwh ccv dM2M dvc.

In his ror, w aim o idniy how major lcommunicaions comanis

and rs wiin ‘M2M valu cain’ can wrk b indndnly and

cllabraivly acclra dlymn M2M cnlgis. thp pvd q gh d h b h d h wy h g-c mpm M2M, d pvd bh vw xg d v cmmd hw vcmh b, wh c h k c h hv h gp chv b GHG m dc v M2M: enrgy, transrain, Buil envirnmn, d Agriculur.

o cmmd m m xp vw, cmphv vw

h d pdcd h pc b c cdg dgcp, nGo, d gz, d hkg hg w gh b kg cmm d g bwM2M d h v pdc , vc , d b md.

Wh M2M h g cm ppc, h cmmdwh h p gd pcc cc h dpm B2B ppc. W pm pvd gh pp whnh amc mk, wh pcc c h h m bppcb c bd. F xmp, hgh php bw vcmp g h v ch d ccg, w xp ddvv pp cb h w dvc h dpym M2M b mpg c.

th gol o hirpor i o providiigh io howpoil growh

r d miiordcio migh

b rchd

th g h p h pc p gwh m dc, b

h pvd gh hw h pmgh b chd. o cmmd v cmpm pv pc cmmd bpvdg mk-bd d h mhd vcmg mk b h v dp c mpm cc dpm M2M chg.

Note: In this report we refer to both M2M technologies and

ICT. While we have taken care to diferentiate between

the two, much o the literature available today ocuses

on ICT generally, o which M2M is still just a sub-set.

Thereore, while the ocus o this report is on M2M, when

necessary, the potential for these technologies in terms of

emissions reductions and market size is discussed withinthe broader context o ICT.


carbon war room research rePort – 2013 introDUction



M2M-EnabledEmissions

Reductions

4



th olopporiy

or ICt-bldmiio rdcio

i 9.1 G CO2lly by 2020,which rpr

16.5 prc o olmiio




carbon war room research rePort – 2013 m2m-enableD emissions reDUctions

ccdg -dph m h cb-v chghghd h p—eg, tp, h B evm,

d agc—iCt h h p dc gb m b m h7.1 G Co2 b 2020 (BCG & Gsi 2012). add, iCt cd b

dc 2 G Co2 b 2020 h mcg d vc

d cm d, ggg h h pp iCt-bdm dc 9.1 G Co

2 y by 2020, whch p 16.5 pc

h m cy pdcd cc bw w d h d hdcd (BCG & Gsi 2012). th p wh h m pmc c dc m g m cd p wb g.

EMISSIONSIN CONTEXT

2010

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

Annual Abated CO2e Emissions (Gigatons)

Sources: BCG & GeSI, 2012; Gigaton Throwdown Initiative, 2009; IPCC 2007.

2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

ICT:

At similar adoption rates, ICT has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions around

the world by equally large amounts as making the switch to renewable energy.

RENEWABLE ENERGY:

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

Annual Abated CO2e Emissions (Gigatons)

BIOFUELS

WIND

BUILDING EFFICIENCY

SOLAR PV

CONCENTRATED SOLAR

GEOTHERMAL

CONSTRUCTIONMATERIALS

NUCLEAR

POWER

SERVICE &CONSUME

TRANSPOR

BUILDINGS

AGRICULTU

MANUFAC

-1.6

-1.6

-0.7

-1.2

-1.9

-2.0

Estimated range of necessary CO2e abatement

in 2020 for climate stability.

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.0

-1.5

Estimated range of necessary CO2 abatement

by 2020 for climate stability.

Estimated range of necessary CO2 abatement

by 2020 for climate stability.

Potential for annual GHG emissionsabatement by 2020

Potential for annual GHG emissionsabatement by 2020

Wh h c, h wh iCtb dc m: dmz

d dgz; d cc d cmmc;m g; d pc, cv cpmz. ech h c wd g m chg. exmp cddmd mgm cc p, pmz cmmc vhc f, wcv m, d pmzd mpc bdg.

A



Whr Will emiio Rdcio Com From?

o h g c gb GHG m h pc pw

g, wd b h bg p. i , h, pg h h bgg M2M cd py mg h h cm chg by hpg mpv h ccy h m,db d pw, wh m p m dch M2M cd chv h egy c h m md m2 G Co

2 d p. i cmc m, M2M-bd cc h eg

c ppxmy $946.5 b p c vg h10 y (Cm Gp 2008). a egy d tp, agcd h B evm pb h x g q gb cb m, d c b m M2M chg ccdgy.th pp dcd d c.

M c pjc h p iCt dc gb mvd g gc pwd. accdg c d

pd h sm 2020 p (Cm Gp 2008), h bmp iCt c w md b 9.10 GCo

2,

16.5 pc m c pdcd cc bw wd 2020 (BCG & Gsi 2012). i h , h p iCt-bdGHG m dc h b c vd dw gh ppc c c, ch eg, d dcd gc h c h B evm—m 2.4 G Co

2 h 2008 d,

j 1.6 Gt Co2 h c d. th dwwd v

b h dd agc h c cdd h p, agc w dd p mv pp giCt dc m.

oh y hv gzd h d M2M ccdg pcc g,d cb-v c. F xmp, d h ep

mk ccdd h iCt h h p dc GHG m b 113M Co

2 p d, , cd dc g c b €43 b

c h ep u c b 2020 (McVgh et al. 2009). schcb vg wd b qv 2.4 pc xpcd eum 2020 (McVgh et al. 2009).

s h p hv d M2M m c-c chgy ppc, wh dmz,m gc, m bdg, m gd, dm m bg v chg hcd b ppcb m c (CmGp 2008). F xmp, m m, whch my ppcb d pc, cdv gg m .

6



B cc, h pp M2M mk

hm cvy cb v php h g v dd. Wh mk h p h M2M chg g, b cmpg, wd g ppc c v c. o h m vxg chgcd b mp ck cm chg hc h v md hm cv m v m. M2M c hCo

2gd b hg dv wdpd

d, mb xh, h pdc bc pm m, d h g hcc h pw v.

M2M Ofr nw approch o

tcklig Clim Chg th , h m ch cmpxg mg ddg cy’ mh vvd cdg h m pmg cb-bm p ‘chg wdg’. thwdg pd chg h cd, mpmd gh, d h bz gb hpgc cb m m 7 G p —gh h h m md 2004 (Pc & scw 2004).th ‘wdg ppch’ gd g d c h cm db wh w pd, d w w bkg h m

chg mgb pc. B mhv y cd h c wdg-bd , xp w ccpzg

h wdg ppch (Bk et

al. 2012). ev w ,h wdg ppch dmd

pcdd c mb d gvm

d h wd, wh c pcd h c m p x chg cdwh h mpm ch wdg .

smr moor,which r mily

pplicbl o idrilproc, cold

v ll gigoo miio

lo




carbon war room research rePort – 2013 m2m-enableD emissions reDUctions

ahgh m h p dvcd b h wdg

ppch c c, d m dccy dwy, h pm M2M d p:h chg w cb h cc m dc c h m cb-vc, bh w pp dvgcc, b hgh h p mpvh chc cc wh h wdg ppch.F xmp, w b md h cpmb pm m c hp cc hdpm g g. D hz h m dc pp pdb M2M, k h h w d m b bdd c g wh w cm bz ‘bm wdg’.

Hwv, M2M m, mv cmpg pw d ccvh q m g w gh.i m dvpd g, mp c hcc iCt c bgg, diCt-d m hd cpdg bg , v hgh ccv, cdg cmpgpw d d , w c gw pd, hw Fg 1.

i dvpd g, gwh ccvy ydcpd m c GHG m. i c, hdc bd b ch ccv w g

p h m g m h gy qd pw cd d c.

th, wh gwh M2M ccv pjcd b g ep mk, gwh iCt-dGHG m pjcd b m b Chd h dvpg c. th dchm c q pdcb, mch h cdd M2M ccv d x epd h ud s b w bg b Ch. Hp, c Ch d h dvpgc hv h c pc, h ww m d cg iCt cc ddcg m.



The Marketfor M2M

Technologies

8



at&t ld hu.s. i M2Mcociviy,

wih 13.1 millioM2M bcribr

i 2011




carbon war room research rePort – 2013 the market For m2m technologies

su: B i, 2012.

h p h M2M mk d p md cc, dvc, d v. B cc, h

mk gwg d pjcd c d ggg ,d b g pc p, h ppg w ccv, d cg phcd g M2M pdc d vc.

M2M cy cdd b mk gm h g iCt dy.B M2M’ gwh m h w p gc b Mno, w d hdw dvp, d v h ppvc. th pd gwh, cmbd wh h v dw ddz m h chg, w h mgc d--d vc pvd, h d m bvg h d pdc hM2M w bg b hgh d w gh. i mw, h d ccg.

ov h x v , M2M chg pjcd xpc

23 pc gwh , d d’ g $121 b dvd v w bcm $948 b b b 2020 (H 2012).th v gwh xpcd cc m c, m Cmecc agc tp, d cd bh b--cm (B2C) d b--b (B2B) c.

th c 1.3 b M2M dvc wdwd, d h pjcd c 12.5 b by 2020, wh Ch dg h wy h h mb M2M-cpb dvc (H & Mh 2011). th mb wcc pcc d M2M dvc d h wd pdgwg. i 2011, h mb ch cc cd b 37 pc,chg 108 m, wh h g gwh , 64 pc, cdd h a-Pcc g (Bg igh 2012). ep xpcd b h

bgg v mk b 2020, chg 3.5 bM2M cc (H 2012), wh h ud

s pjcd dm m h vgd b h d (H & Mh 2011).

accdg G rch, at&t d h u.s.mk m ccd dvc, d kj m p gb hgh mghp (Gd et al. 2012). at&t dh u.s. M2M ccv, wh 13.1 m M2Mbcb 2011, p 40 pc v 2010, dgb cd M2M ccv ChMb, whch bvd hv 14 m M2Mbcb (Bg igh 2012).

th pd gwh M2M w cc

c wh v mvm wh h cmpgd cm d, wh h cg pw cd cmpg d h dcg pc v w dvc cg xpc gb d pcg. F, gg pg mkg h m c, g ccv d dpcg xpdg dm wh hd .

T

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

M i l l i o n C o n n e c t i o n s

Year

Figr 1: Globl Clllr M2M nwork Cocio (2010–2016)



M2MVALUECHAIN

Sensors in key locations record data, such as soil

moisture levels, nitrogen levels, or the tractor’s path.

A display can also share this data with the farmer.

HARDWARE AND SENSORS

Computing resources collect th

data and run analytics softwar

INFRASTRUCT

CONNECTIVITYWireless or wired network connections transmit

the sensors’ data to a centralized database.

The software interprets the data and optimizes

the tractor's path or the amounts of water or

fertilizer applied to crops.

ANALYTICS

Sensor

Hardware

Network

Compute

Software

A FRAGMENTED INDUST

Today, a customer might hav

to go to many dierent comp

for each component of their

system, making it challenging

adopt an M2M system, espec

when maintenance or suppo

services are needed.



th M2M v ch cd, mg h hg,hdw, w, ccv, d vc, d

h gwh h M2M c pp cmp d d. F xmp, h u.s.mk it vc h pp M2M m wj 23 pc cmpd gwh m 2011 hgh 2016, d h d m-b-d d (Gd et al . 2011).

Bd g cmc gwh h pg h M2M v ch, M2M h h p v b m m v hdp h chg, m mv y mcmm hp d m vhg bw.i c b d m h h M2M p gbcmc pp h p h d

mpv pdc gwh h M2M mk, d mv dcpd m c GHG m.

Hwv, p M2M’ p v md v g w v m cmp d, h mj M2M pch h hv b md b g p. a hw Fg 2 bw, g p dpg M2M g h m d mdmb (sMB), b xp g d


carbon war room research rePort – 2013 the market For m2m technologies

su: , 2011.

xpc dp M2M ppc h .i pp h bh ck c d cm

c—g cmp hv m cd ch hd mpm M2M,d wd bgg b, h wd hv g p mwhch p vg.

Currnly, lcoms ar h main niis managing h nd-usr sals o M2M. rgd whh M2M gw pc wh h cmmcd m d w, cm w c cmpggvy wh h d, gv h p M2M h hw w c v hm. tcm cmp qy pd mh c p h M2M pc, w d h , h pvdgb h m mp m h M2M b—h wk hb h m, , d m.

nvh, h gc pp M2M p

g d, p w b cpb m pd dpg chgg c dmd d g M2M pdc d vc v qd vv b md. th p w b bh mbcmp d cv, d cmp p p, b mcv pcz v ch mk d wh g xcpp cb wh xg mk pcp. t bcpz h M2M pp d, cm cmp hd mvw m g wd v cm pdc d vcmd pcc d vc d wk wd gd “hzppch wh cmm dd d vc pvd ppg cc vc” (H 2012).

Figr 2: Dmd or M2M solio—norh amric d erop Firm

Expanding/upgrading implementation

Implementing/implemented

Piloting

Planning to implement in the next 12 months

Planning to implement in a year or more

Interested but no plans

Not interested

Don’t know

4%

6%

6%

4%

8%

39%

26%

8%

4%

2%

4%

2%

3%

6%

36%

44%

enrris (1,000+ mlys)

SMB (20–999 mlys)



M2MApplications

in Promising

Sectors

2



all old, h ergy cori crrly rpoibl

or qrr o h world’GHG miio. B bwmr grid d rwbl,M2M dvic cold v ovr2 G o CO

2 by 2020 wihi

h ergy cor—mor h14 prc o prdicd

miio rom h cor(BCG & GsI 2012)




carbon war room research rePort – 2013 m2m aPPlications in Promising sectors

h m cmpg pc M2M

m bh cmc d vmppcv xmy bd g ppc,g h p c cc wdv c. ahgh M2M h h ppc, gg m h m mg vdg mch h m mg v g, ch d h hg pp pb dcg GHGm wh cb-v c: egy,tp, h B evm, d agc.

th hghghg h c wd:1) h g p dc cb mwh M2M; 2) h mk pp M2M

h c. Wh ch h c,h m M2M chg c hmk d, d b v vd g hM2M v ch, d whch pvd v wdv ppc.

eneRGY

th m wd dcd M2M chg wh h eg c m

d h ‘m gd’. i c, ‘m gd’ mb m vy chg, cdg m m d h iCt ch w m--d pcg, dmd mgm, d bc, dd pmz. tgh, h chg cmp ccd m whch m c fw m m h cmp hc d bck g, wg v pmzg dc b md bbh m d mch. sm gd g c h cc gg, m, d , dcg h c cmd b heg c.

Wh m gd chg p h g p g M2M dc GHG m, h mpm h m cv h pp h p’ c c, d mv mpdd by pchwk mcp gy hd (BCG & Gsi

2012). s, m h m gd pcdg dd, d h d w h h cd hgh mb M2Mc cc d h hd hgh mb ccd dvc c (H 2012). o h h hd, c ddb v m hb h m, pg h 5 pc M2M v Mno. rv h m gd pjcd mpv gh pc p dc d w bgh mk (H 2012).

Wh m gd dpm ep h b gg , hmk hv ggd. F xmp, v hgh h u.s. hhdhv m m, d 50 pc pjcd hv b 2015,ccg h dvc h wd gd d g hm h pw b g pc (iee 2012). B d gg h nh amc ,

O

historicALLY, thE qum m w uu w w, qu xv bb. a um mu bu 88 u’ umb, bu u bu 33

w, w bvxv m w-vumue uy’ m d mmunn

w v w bb. s wnn mvemen n eeny ve

u bu u v w m b u M2M m , u w b.

r v w m u w b

M2M m m w v. im M mv M2M w u u u -vm u, bu w

vv WMaX . WMaX nddzed den newk be

v bb w, u

b , wu u m M2M m .

M w e mny dey

mme WMaX newk n e Uned

s, w --m w, u w m bu m m mv,

w v ,m, mm m. i m bm ‘- ’ u evee e we WMaX eny

b m um, m um

u w m m. M’ M2M mmu, u

u m m m, b mz WMaX be n n ey u e

fw 25,000 m m. evu m ’ v vu u v m—bw$0.5 $3 m— m vu bw $12,500 $75,000 m b .

Moorol—a O-sop shop or M2M smr Grid uig WiMaX tchology

case study 1



h , cchg p ep, d h u.s. c c cm 40 m h 200 m m m d gb (am et al. 2012). thgh

m c w b p h m gd chg mk, mdh pgdg h wd’ xg d g gd wh m gdchg w q vm $2 b 2030 (Mm 2012).th xmp C sd 1 hw M2M pg mv wmk cc-mpvg v.

u, m m gd chg q gc pcchg mpm c. o xmp M2M p cgg hd ‘dmd-p’, mchm hgh whch pcg g bcm dmc d (h m cmm pcc),d M2M chg w dvd cm b djh g d w dg pk dmd. i gm g dmd-p, h cmp cd ch

wd g g wh d hddg (cg gy ppy pcc cm) wd hw b qd—ccp d ‘gw’.

sm d cg dmd-p w vdd hddg dg pk dmd. i wh wd m b pvdvpm, h u.s. g bd pb g g pccy d d qg gy wh cmp cmppvdg dmd-p h pvg —whch hy hd mk m ppg h mk dp dmd-p chg.Hwv, h d h b wd cczd vcmpg dmd-p d bg chgd c b h s C. oh kg c h wd phb wh dmd-p h

jdc (Bck 2011). i h d, h pc , wh w d,

m d p bg m mpdm mpm h b.i d dmd-p mchm c wk, d d pp h dpm m gd m g, d, cmdvc d gvm g m wk gh d mqb d fxb h cg h dp h chg.

sm gd, dmd-p, d h M2M chg c hp c d pd h dp wb c g g—h k gwh mk h w-cb cm.rb c g cc h cg cm d mg md dd vg, d wb w-cbv h -bd c g w c .Pp gwh d cmc dvpm m h g dmd wgw gc h x dcd, mpvg pp’ v wh bgg

w v g vc pvd. Wh h mgh b gd hmdvpm, cm dmd m g pm wbg, w p d h cm d xp h wd chg d pc fc.

tRansPORtatIOn

M2M, d iCt m gy, h bcm cmmpcchg h tp c d mpd

ppc gg m p vhc hvck d cmmc vhc f, w mmcg hppg. i c, c p whdvcd M2M m m -x d.

th m bq xmp M2M chg gd p GPs m h dp chgg d cd (ch hv hd) d gg v . B pmzg bh p d cmmc vhc, M2Mpv c dvg d v xpv m h GHG m h m cmb. oh cmm M2M m dvhc cd h os pdc, whch mg h

hg w mc b w cmd mgc p h v ccd dcg d b mkg mc mgc wk d pdg m d cd. Fy, h cm phv d-hg d p p pmzcmp pd gg cg d mkh, dcg h mb vhc m vwh gg pp wh h d g.

uk os GPs p vhc, whch cm p-d d , cmmc M2Mym cpb cmphv f mgm m cmpx d q cm

sch m c bcm q xpv, dpdg h z h f d h pcc c qmth b f mgm m c vdg db v h v d h v hpch. Wh d pp, ch m pvd mg wh m gdg g, g, d vhc dgc, hb v, ghg vhc p d hw ccc, whch dc pg xp.

M pcc, M2M c pmz h gc pg h ck d h d dv m ccmph, g h cg hppd m h wh h w m dv

ag wh pmzg , M2M c b d mg v, hb bh pvg d dcg ‘ddhdg’— j md bmp hw d-zd vhc. CmpM2M mgm m c v cch gc v cmp h dcddhd m h c. eqppd wh ch f mg c m vhc pmc dhd vhc mc chdg, g h vhc bg dv gd cd d dcgmc c d bkdw.

4





a dcbd C sd 2, h m w mpvd chdg,-m mpy m h mg, d -h-d cm vcg,

whch dc m dv. th c h v m b dcghzd vhc , g cc pch d mg dcdg, pdg ck dg m, pvg cg d vhc h,cbg xcv pdg d dc dcg dv dg.

th m cc, hwv, h M2M m m dd v h vhc hmv, cmpcg g d. a h cc h h M2M chg htp c, b h hy h wy whch p md cmmc, mkg d bc mk b chdg gwh M2M.

Bh cm d cmp mg p w h g d cmp h c c pc c d v.

Wh d pc h u.s. hvg d $4 p g, d gpc mch w, vg mk dc h w cm d h bm cmmc f.

sm cmc d chgc d h -, -, d-bd tp c. M2M c pmz d mgg v cc cg hp, dmd b C sd 5.Cg p f kg dvg M2M gc mgmvc ch h. M g, M2M chg c pc d,wgh p, d dc wgh v bh d m. th g v d qc M2M d pp w p dpg fgh ph chgg cd whd c. o h w , xmp, hv M2M chgmd d c gh v md pg p f

dc v h nh P, hvg h m fgh m d vghdd g . F, M2M c m p “m p ”, g pmzg mc d mpvg cg dpg k (Pcp 2011).

a h p ppc d b, h mk M2Mtp chg xpcd b b h g M2Mb gm cmg y, pg v 40 pc xpcdd ddb v Mno h M2M d, d v 60 pc M2M c cc (H 2012).



KorE tELEMAtics w’ ww v u xuv M--M (M2M) mmu

m, w nvm W vgps-enbed vee fee kn un. tey

w v M2M-b u v bu m b nw hm ub b m 1,500 200 .

B u M2M u, 178bu f w v qu m mmb mu --u m m u bu w qum (w , .) w b w w

m. t, u, quu v v u w kore nvm u mv.

B mb nvm W’ u-bgps m

w kore tm w, bum w b v $400,000 u v b mz u m u, b u vvm, w 50 u bu u m. t mv -mm, m wu v,b bu bw,

v m m, v, .

KORe tlmic d nvmWirl Prr ornw Hmphir sd

case study 2



6



iN NovEMbEr 2011, Jne ln lse (Jll) uned inecmmnd, e m m w b p c. icmm -- mm uv x bu um m , v (hVac) , m , w, . Ww u mu m, icmm b

Jll u -m m m bu ww.

a mj u icmm u mm, b m m bu m qum u bu . W m u, m v v umW u ’ b um ju, m mmb

z ‘mm ’ w - u bm. i m , m bem mke eun by y mne ee nd e. te

u b b u v vb b u.

t mz m mm. t z m uv qum, u b u vv m u bw. t v

dme equmen nd e need exenve e, nd e m

um.

d b icmm u u w qum mm ,

uw, v m ue. a me mmune memen m d nuue

w-w mmu bw u bu, u icmm w umb w. Bu m mv b u v b u b v .

M w m v , w m m m v b ashrae. t w m b m m m

u m; u u w m u wm u . a u, m x bu m w bu- m -m Bu m

m m , w w m u m. icmm b u b w w m v mjm—Bacn, lW, Mbu — mm u

i j u w b b muu nume d mny, inecmmnd eneed 24 een eney vn

ju 11 m w u w. W b m m bm , m w mm icmm b .

Jo Lg Lsll dPcic Corol—IlliCommd

tHe BuILt enVIROnMent

impvg h g cc xg bdgh c b dd h g

pp dcg GHG m wh gg gc vm (McKy & C.2009). addg g cc k h bch bdg w, p, , g h g c. C, cmmc h ud s md pd$179 b g (BCG & Gsi 2012). Bcg cc, mch h m c b dcdwd m pb p, bg h whcm. M chg h cpb bg bdg’ cc wh v qck pbck pdhv b h mk , ch mpvd, gy c ghg ym, d dvcdmp mgm m. sm h

chg ‘pg d p’, b h h g b vg q v.th dp h pv p ch gy ccypjc, h p cp c d h mpdmhv h g pvd v, bdg w,d m zg h pp.

Hwv, iCt d M2M chg hv mwhchgd h cc b mkg pb c g cc h B evmwh hgh cp-v phc dc chg. a dd C sd 3,M2M chg w h dvpm vcmphv bdg mgm m, whch

m vhg m mp h c hgg. th m c c d v m,g gh d mch d mc,d kpg vhg m v mwkg pm m. Wh h chgd m w h mk, M2M m v wvz hw v d pp mghk b g cc m h cc h phc c d h g ppc d h qpm.

iCt c g cb h dg mc bdg. achc bgg z -pcc cd; d

md bck h c, wh c w mpd mxmz h p cc bdg bp dg. Wh bdg dg hm bm phw d h ch v bdg ck v w pc, hh mb c bdg dg, gwh h w c ch chg, d hh h sMart 2020 rp gg h hm c b h g pp iCt dcGHG m h c.

case study 3



i h m, hwv, h my g cmmc bdg h w d m dcd cm wh m mpvm cc, pvdg

p pp mpm bdg mgm m.

Wh m ch iCmmd hw g p cbdg cc d hb hp bdg mgm cmpd bdg v g m m, m cmp d dpd wd pd c d whv h c dvp dp ch m. nw cgp d g vm h ‘m bdg’ c qd ch m p.

ag wh h gg p cp, g M2M-bdcmphv BeM m cmpcd bdg w z d h gmd v ch h M2M mk d. th v ch gm b h cd dp M2M

y vy c. i h c, m h bdg w gg d -k h m h d. th m d d cd mg hp wh v vd—m h M2M-cpbppc, m h , h h w m, h h w, d pb h cmz h wh m h pcc bdg d h pp wh pc hcc d m h d gd b h bdg.

Fcd wh h b, m mgm cmp hv d pdhmv k p h M2M mk, pchg dvc mmj mc d g hm h w, ccg cmp. i m c, hy dy dg h w , d w v g vc h mk hmv, ch iCmmdm J lg ls d Pcc C. Hwv, vcmg h

gm b b ‘kg m h w hd’ b h g bdg w d mgm cmp.

Implmioo ICt olio or

bildig cicy coldrl i GHG rdcio

o 305 M C02 miiolly by 2020 i huid s lo

(BCG & GsI 2012)



oh vd mpg dd h h gmd v ch wh pc h

w bhd d cc d y by cg pm h bh wd ccb d pc, vg c b wg h dvpm ppc b hd p. F xmp, JhC h chd Ppx, “ pm hp gh d m dp bdg m…d cd-hd bdg ccppc h w k h w bdgmgm m (BMs) h pm d mg d mgg h bdg” (Bm &Gh 2012). th d wd g vb p, cd-bd BeM m w hp vcmh mk b p c d v chgm bdg, bh m d g, d

hb dv d gwh. oh d phpd cb w b qd hM2M chg ch h p h Bevm c z.

ev wh h b, h mk M2M pdcd vc h B evm, cdghdw, w, d cmp, pjcd c m $1.9 b 2011 $6 b 2020(Bm & Gh 2012). i dd, d pjcdgwh h m bdg chg, ch dmd-p ym, b-m, d bdgm, d p cmphvbdg m, gg h h B evm

w b c wh iCt d M2M c mk bgmpc g g.



8



a cor rpoibl

or pproximly hirdo ll hropogic GHGmiio, h rcogiioo agriclr’ imporco h clim chllg,priclrly coidrigh complx d ockowldgd climimpc o livock,dmor volioi hikig o h rg opplicio i which ICtc rdc miio(Vrml l. 2012)

cmp c d cmb b mkg h hy dv y wh d wh cy.sch gdc ym c v ppxmy $13,000p 1,000-c m h ud s. igdc m w d j 10 pc hpd c h u.s., h agc c cdc b 16 m g, hbcd b500,000 g, d ccd b mpd p (usDa 2006).

add, m ch Jh D’ -s, dcbd C sd 4, c dgc, ddg w v h m p h vg gd b dcd z

d c. i h u.s., h dc hchg h cd d ch h h h agc c’ gwh pdcvh ccd m 1.49 pc 1.91 pc h w dcd, wg cm ccchp d wh m m jhgh v (Pbg 2012).

aGRICuLtuRe

a chgg cm, c h wd h wdcphc dgh, fdg, d mp fc. th v,

cpd wh xpdg gb pp, hv m h d d , c h d h mv v g-chmc dpcdd d. a , gc m dg cp.

impvg h w h w gw, hv, p, d d h gb cc gb b, gvm, d dvd, dagc c c cmphv p ddcm chg. B h cmpx mkg gc m b—cpb pdcg gh d d h wd cm wh dg h vm—h pv b h mvxg chg dd h kd chg cmchg, pv dc, d d c.

Wh h m bc chg wd b qd mkagc m b, h kwdg hw mpm hm d vb h m hmv, h -m cmccv, d h c p cg. rcgzg h c,m pjc mpv agc h hv cd kwdg, cg mchm (ch reDD+ d h cb cchm), d v d c v pvd g dchc pp m. iCt pd cb g h .

Mkg agc m b w c cp d, v m,dc h d vm dmgg z, cv w,d dc gh g m, g h w c d gwgp w d cm. i dm M2M’ p, h

m c d agc h m pmg ppc g iCt dc GHG m, pg pp 1.6 G b h 2020 (BCG & Gsi 2012). n h h ppc pp wh b vck mgm m,pm d h w h M2M c dc h mh m h m c dg (c m) by mg c hhd pmzg h gzg p. oh dc GHG m cb chvd by my mg cd d wh cg, w h mpm h ‘m mg’ d ‘m wg’chq. th h p gpd gh dh m ‘pc gc’.

Pc gc h b d m h 40 h m -M2M chg, ch w- mg pcc d w

cp. B M2M xpdg h p ch p, d h pdp m w m w. Wh h cx nh amc,pc gc hd g p dcg h pm-bd chmc, bh b wg h cc dp d b mgh dgd h m v-hvg d c hghv z. F xmp, c c b qppd wh M2M-bd‘-’ chg h mp wh g pc wh h mch h d, d c mc c h d g m cp pc, ch d w q m h , d pp w d z xc dd v ch q h d— mch d (Pbg 2012). M2M c dc h





20% REDUCTION

WITH M2M

WITH M2M

M2MIMPACT

METHANE REDUCTION

WATER CONSERVATIO

M2M technologies can optimize cattle grazing,reducing methane emissions by as much as 20%.

*If adopted by all farms in the U.S.

M2M System

M2M-enabled Soil Moisture Monitoring saveswater by an average of 20%.

$13K

6TRILLIONGALLONS OF WAT

SAVED*

Analytics

Sensor

Transmission

Op

M2M can save money andresources in many sectors.Here are three examples ofM2M's agricultural benefits.

PREVENTS 17 MILLIONTONS OF US

C02 EMISSIONS

ANNUALLY

20% REDUCTION

WITH M2M

100 ACRE FARM

20% REDUCTION

WITH M2M

WITH M2M

M2MIMPACT

METHANE REDUCTION

MONETARY SAVINGS

WATER CONSERVATIO

M2M technologies can optimize cattle grazing,reducing methane emissions by as much as 20%.

*If adopted by all farms in the U.S.

M2M System

Using an M2M guidance system on a 1,000-acre corn farmin the U.S. would save approximately $13,000 per year.

M2M-enabled Soil Moisture Monitoring saveswater by an average of 20%.

$13K

6TRILLIONGALLONS OF WAT

SAVED*

Analytics

Sensor

Transmission

Optim

M2M can save money andresources in many sectors.Here are three examples ofM2M's agricultural benefits.

PREVENTS 17 MILLIONTONS OF US

C02 EMISSIONS

ANNUALLY

20% REDUCTION

WITH M2M

100 ACRE FARM

Sources: USDA, 2006; BSR, 2011 .



0







JohN dEErE, muu uu qum b, beun en ue M2M du ey -sun. t yem

u m—mu mm v , gps v u 0.78 , m v w u mu m.

t m w m u. du , um qum w u , u, m. aum m v 5 v v u,w vu b w (Jd 2013). du v, um qum w u u u 15

50 u (J d 2013).

a, M2M m b u w v m eed by e mny umy ed nd m ven

, u u m , u mdjumen mn edue w w even ee nee

v u, , z , w w m.

s mu bu qumb m , u m b b b u, w vu muu’ m, m u m z u w’ m.

Joh Dr i-solio

ahgh h pmg ppc, h v h h cd mkd dc m

whch h md p cd. Fxmp, rFiD g h w b mgm c hd d gzg pcc, g wh hiCt , cd gh b k bg c pvg h d h m cchg. e g cg siM cd c pvdm c hd c d mvm,gvg g h d b pdc wy dmg whh pdc h cb d—d mkg hm ch h h d . i h Bz amz, 70pc gg d bb hxp mdm-zd g c ch,d d 80 pc h dd d

d d c gzg (Fd 2005). B d h p M2M dch gv vm mpc gcpc hv gd h hp bwd d mg, d h h dg h vm d cmc p M2M pmz gc m bdm h mpc ch ppch cd hv pv d.

Gb, mpvg h cc cm wh h M2M chg h vb h mk d w hv bg mpc cm, vm, d wd’ d

pp. i dd bg m’ bm wh dcg GHG m, gc ppc M2M c dc d, pv p

h d ww cd b-, pv bdv, d

cv w.

Improvigh cicy o orcrr ym wih

M2M chologi

will hv big impco or coomy,or virom,d h world’

ood pply

case study 4



Barriers to theGreater Adoption

of M2M

Technologies

2





carbon war room research rePort – 2013 barriers to the greater aDoPtionoF m2m technologies


W h w hv dmd h M2M cpb dcg hm GHG m wh

gg cmc gwh, h gcchg zg h chg’ p.th chg cd c b h bvb c h M2M v ch, w dc, pcd b h h q h mpm M2M wh pcc c b-c pcc gv cmpy’ .

i h p, w c h c mpdm h g dpym M2M, whch cd y chg cmm m mgg d,d v h q. Fhm, hc v h mpdm cd bd d hgh c h d

cd k, whch w dc h wg c;h w q g c d ppb gvm. Wh h d dd hm mmzd h c, w d k p h w pcy cmmd, c pp d . Fhm,m h qg pc vc b cgzd dc chg h mb ddd g c v wh hv d d c wh M2M cd hv bg mpc.

B ddg h c b pvg h M2Md m chg p gwh, d

bg g-c dc GHG m, hd c hv c vg m h dc b w. F xmp, h dd- pbm dd C sd 5—g h hppg d h chg—c b ddd p b vggm wh h vch, pc whcmp c gM2M hb ppch, d C sd3 d 4.

FRaGMenteD VaLue CHaIn

a hw , h M2M v ch cd Mno, wd v ppc d hdw dvp, d, mp, dv cm

b. Wh h xc h xpv v ch pv h m M2M w pp cmc gwh m b, hgm h m h dv h hd dv c hb h v c g h ch bg pdc mk d hw m c d cm d. th mk dc hMno—wh ypcy h , b wh my v wh h vd M2M pdc d vc— cmp ,d mpd pdc c d d.

M2M k h d h hv pv hd, v hc hv, dv v ch. th mv d gdxmp, c, p h v p h g c, h pdc ghwd d d h cm. M2M , h h hd, q mc, d hg, w pd,

ccv, d h c vc, d gg bg. Fxmp, bdg mg hpg dp M2M m d cmpy ch, c bd m, d h mg h hp wh j pp. ev h mp M2M cmmc bdg wdk cv d m: hg d cg, v, gh,d cc. th bdg mg mgh d hmv chg vd d m ch h ym, h vd h d m wk, h vd cmz h w mg d z h d, d h vd hd d gd hdw. ig h v cmp, ch pp, dmc c h pv b gg chg, ddg bdgw m mgm cmp m dvg h m dc qd.

t m x h bg ddd hgh mg dcq cmp h c cmb h cmpc d g pvd md c, w b m

dv d -gg php, whch d bC sd 2, 3 d 6. B mch m m b d.

th fco vrl o himpdim o

grr dploym

o M2M cold bod or lidhrogh cio

h idry ilcold k



LaCK OF unIVeRsaL stanDaRDs

sddz h c b hghghd h g

c mpdm h g dpm M2M v. i d M2M ch p, c dw mpmcmm dd c v b gm d d mb c-dd. J gm h v ch p chg md dvpg d dpg -k , mpd g v M2M cmp. “V vc M2M hv b dgd dpd d p dppc, whch vb mpc v mpd g-c M2Mdpym” (iDg 2012). Cy, my cmp-v ddx, ch h gg d d c qc, c, dwk chc. Hwv, h pp d h mk M2M q gmd, wh “wd g mbddd pm,pgmmg md, cc p, d cmmc pc”(ecp Fd 2012).

lck ddz pcy b h M2M vc y—hw c wh h M2M . td, cmp dvpg M2Mppc dvc, w h g M2M wh pccd vc, d pp b pcc c mpd cmm c. th pv -pb, mpdg hdvpm ppc d dvc h c b d v. svgh cg h dpm d pb M2M.

sm, ck ddz c hdw pm p chg cg M2M chg. Wh m dd x hcmp v, w gg dw dd g ,ch c v gd dd hw dvc cmmc,kg cc d d qm v ppc.

impmg ch dd w b cy pmz h cm wk M2M cmmc.

lck d ddz h pv b chg. a hc h h mk gmd d cmp wd v ppc v vc, h wy whch dvc cc wh h d gyhgh h d. a , ccg dvc c b mpdd bh c h h pkg d gg.

sv gz wkg h dvpm pm d h h M2M pvd c vcm m h , d h xmp h Cmc pm gv C sd 7.oh c dp h b g wh h d, gg hm h pdc d wg cmpb wh h

hdw d ppc, ch Jh D’ -s, dcbd Csd 4. Hwv, d ck h mc c h , h M2Md w d cm gh v dd g cmm ppch.

LaCK OF PeRFORManCe Data

Wh h c g d gwg mk

M2M chg, h b q h M2M m, g hm, h pv b mpdm v m pd gwh h mk. a , dmd h md wk m c, d c c xp m hc M2M h c p pchM2M m, dmd b Fg 2.

i d z h hg gwh p M2Mchg, Mno w hv b b qh b M2M c-b-cb, pvd h b c d . F pdc, ccg g v pp ggg wh p cm d

cmpg . Hwv, h ck pmcd c hd cmp h M2M m c d cvcg pgh v pp p c. Cmpg M2M w d g pmc d M2M d c hdc b M2M, ch g, bvg, b h dc b g hh, d GHG m.

th pc ccg d M2M dc d h cm m M2M d, b bc m cmpck h b d h p

d h M2M wd b cmpd g d dm v. F xmp, htp c, M2M chg c wf gh-hg ck v m mm pc h p, d c h p. B M2M pvd q c m b h f’c p, ch m dv, vgpd, cmp cg vm, d c m wh vg h chgcd . M f hv m chd, d c vd wd d cvk h m m h f, mkg dc cc cmp. i cc ‘chck

d gg’ cdm, h d mpm M2M h b vb mhd mg h p d dd c h dp.

4





i c, h ck pmc d mk M2M

m pc chg ‘’ g c wh hv chd pc mg d cvzg g d cbvg, d q b m cv. Wh h d g M2M m dc g d m hd gp,pmc gd, d h w, , v xmp xpcd .a h mk dc cmp gM2M ‘chck h bx’ g c’ pcm pc.

i chgg m cmp dd h pcc g cc vg

h cd j wh M2M d h c h hmhdg qg h pc h cmp pdc v. M pcx hp cmp dk g d dGHG ccg, b mpmg hm q cmmm g d ckg g.sm m cmp c d h, whh ck h m c c cc. M2M vd c pg cg h m p c ccgh d h wd d dp M2M m.

F cmp g d m, h gmd vch xcb h dc dg gd

pmc d M2M chg. ev whgd c chg h dbg d d- -k m, hck d h m mk v hd h vd dvp g vpp p c cmm vg M2M chg.

COMMunICatIOn anDMaRKetInG CHaLLenGes

thgh d cy cy, h qm h c g v pp. s p gd mkg,

d bh d mkg m cmmc. td,h M2M d h cvcg cmmcd h ‘M2M ’ p c v h g pbc, pc h pm hchg hd bg c, wh h , d hw h wk mpc m.

Ccy mgg mj . th w h chgd h -dd h M2M d dvg h pbm.F xmp, h w whch h c chg dcbd c d vg. i m c, M2M chg pp dd m iCt, dcbd bd p h‘i thg’ h ‘id i’, ch whch ccp hhv d c b h d chgb.

s d mkg gp h w M2M chg d cvcg cmmc h b, b h c h hdp w b pc h cm d w p hp. F xmp, h agc c, mp vghv d h hgh m g d m hv hd b M2Mchg, h cd h h w b b z hmcc cv h g h mgh d d (Fh 2008;Wd et al. 2009; Hcx 2012). M m p h h whh h m h m mch m g h h mm h c, dvpg d zg wd mh d mmkg (Wd et al. 2009). s, v g cmcgm bckd b gd d pvg c c cc mkg md h w M2M chg.

M2M will d ogr prormc

d or M2Molio i ordr o

ricl o oly hdirc b o M2Mch rgy, l or

lbor vig





coMPutEr-bAsEd mum un we nne vee,

u b a W t, i., w v w b mum u v m w , b mvn vee ey, bu edun ue numn by beween

2 9 ( nw M tr iu, iMo) . t mv bw $195,000 $975,000 um v, w u b M2M m u v .

W m m m u m b m vm v, m m m b m b u um u m, u xm mx . tu , v z M2M v v u vm .

Mv, mm u, m umm - bm. s w u u ju , b mnenve u ue , e wne wud n eu n nvemen

w — wu j

v. t u m u u, bm .

t m m m M2M w nduy, even n e e nen eue memen ue vn

mu, b m m— w u bnmn ee me een e—nd m venmen nd

euy bde u e inenn Mme onzn (iMo),

w eeny ued eun mndy meue edue ghg

m. t u b mu

edue e emn e mme n nduy, e vue u

u mu b m m mu v v u u m

vm - bm.

Whr Moiorig d Roig orMriim shippig

6



case study 5

InCOMPatIBLe saLes MODeLsanD LOnG saLes CYCLes

amg vd, v pc h M2M vpp q hkg c

ppch d cg c d.Cmp g M2M ggg dp h cc ch g, mh gd m wd cm cmmcccv. sm hv xpcddc wh M2M g d g ccd c h pmzd hcmpx h w b .

i m w, h g cc M2M mpdm h c bd cmpv mk cmpd m dvv p m, h c i -p, h d q w

m c p qck d g v.sc, h mpdm g m,wh gg wh dp w b mdppch h c chgg mk cd.

s M2M p chg d md Mno, M2M g dgc m h c pdc d vc:mb ccv, b-ccd ph, i,d cb v. th ck v gd md, mg g p,h b hdc mk gwh. sc,h p d m c M2M bh mpdm h cp c’

dvd cm’ b pch h hdwd vc. o pd v pM2M c, 29 pc dcd h h p cc h c whp (F 2011). Whcmp pc dcg, md d dp ccmmd h c h p cm b wg p mch p. ivvpcg d cg md h dgd dd h hv b ckg mg gcmp. th pcp-g pbm d C sd 5 xmp h d w md, pc w pcg m whh md.





HeaLtH anD seCuRItYCOnCeRns

a wh m w chg, h ccddpm M2M md gc pcvd

k. F h pp h p w w m h c h h v d mch cmmcgmc wh h mch d kg c h wd bd h cj mg mpp’ md pcpc cc c—q pcvd k dd. th m cc pcvdk M2M g w cg: ccc d hh cc.

sc k c b mp cc p c. i vy p M2M cm, 25pc cd g chg d cy cc mj c pph (F 2011). Whhd gd w, h h gb b,

d dd dvd, b chg d, d h d xpd m h m k d vb. ahgh dh h bh b dvd (cd cd dd dy h) d by b, cy h gycm h cc h h b g dit m wgh h k.

th hv b d bch M2M mpccy, d hgh h dd cv wd md, d c c mg hdp M2M (Gd et al. 2012). i h c k b m d d, pc, d v c m c,

b m b cgz h c c vg wk c pcd whg x pp M2M pdc dvc (rzck 2012). it vc ppg hdpm M2M m b mddmc, cg ch vc, cmm h cm g, dd cd pvc cc. a , cg ch vc, whch cd hp w h v pc M2M , xpcd 7–10 (Gd et al. 2012). Wh c cc m bv-fd, h pcp mg p c hch cc x m mpdm.

add, cm c vc ccb h p gv hh c vcmp c M2M m, v hgh cg pc dvc h m dqc d xp h d ccd h chdv . rc cc d h c ch dvc cm h v c g dd-xggd d cc, m m xpcm d mp d hh hhd d wkpc dvc, ch cph (eei 2011).



Recommendations:New Ideas for

Overcoming

Barriers

8







h c, w pp v d

hw b c mpm chgbh d cc wh x p vcm h b d pv dcc h dpm M2M chg. om gg h pc d p ,b d hw wh pg c b md cp h cmc d vmpp d b M2M chg hghpv c g, v, d cb.

W p h cmmd h bd w cg: 1) c h cmp c kdpd, h cmb w v dd c d m b; 2) c

h cmp c k php mpmchg, bh d cc wh dp, g M2M pdc d vchgh h c wh h cd hv hbgg mpc dvg cc g.

Wh w w dv p h cmmd ddg h c b dd hpv c, whch w w d gwh M2M hgh h c w hv hghghd hvg h g p dcg GHGm, v c w b c dc wd ddg h whpcc vc. F xmp, d

ddz wh h tp c cmmc vhc f cd g mpv hb cmp dvpg d gM2M g pdc dvc h d gm, whcg bg dw c.

Mno dg h w h M2M d mc k vvppch hw chpdc d vc mkd, d hw dj d mpv h

b md dwhch h d.th wk w b bccmphd hghh m bhb phpmd bgg b pdc mkd bd c c h ch d wh.

VaLue CHaIn InteGRatIOn anDunIFIeD M2M PaRtneRsHIPs

Fh g g h M2M v ch mkg M2M

m cv c, cg w v m vd, dg pdg M2M dp c. Mno pcd dvp h cpc d M2M . Pv, hM2M d h bg cgz d dd h d.

F xmp, J 2012, KPn, ntt DCM, rg, sgt, tc,t d Vmpcm cd h m php c-p gb M2M b. th php w gv hpcp h b m v m c “c mb dc hgh-p d ch cm cc,mv, g cc, c., bg h dvpm wb md, h c w pdc d vc d dc p c h g d” (ntt Dcm 2012).

th M2M d h c pck mg d cq(M&a) cv, ch Vz’ cq Hgh’ tmc 2012, h m b p, ch t W s’ cq MM2M, Gbcc, d nvm W, wh h w .

Bh h w php d c M&a m p dmd m gb vc d gd pdc, d h xpcd c. B m h php h hv cd mg h dmd g m- c.tcm m hd cd pg wh pc hdw dw m d mpv h M2M g wh pcc c bcmbg w ym m d w vc (Hb rch 2012). thcmmd cmpm h gg d m- phpbw Mno, h m gd php wh pc M2M

cmp w c cmpv wh pcc ch. a dcdbw, h c c w w fxb d v

ppch, d php w hp vcmh chg cmmcg h v pd

b M2M chg cmpg w p c d h g pbc.

sm Mno hv bgc b g w h p d c

mc g M2M v pdc. F xmp, at&t d FdM Cmp cd Mch 2011 h h hd

gd wk gh gv Fd F ccvhc w cpb,wg w “mm, gg d cvhc g v mccd v h at&t

w wk” (Fd 2011).ah xmp cc

php m h egy c dcbd v C sdy 6.

I

to r “orc[or growh] io rliy,

h M2M idry will do coolid ofrig,

drdiz chologi,covic comr o

h b, d pcilly,cr plorm or iovio

bor M2M will rch ilog-icipd ippig poi”

(th ecoomi 2012)

recommenDations: new iDeas Forovercoming barriers



0



InDustRY COHesIOn On stanDaRDs

C, h M2M c wg f pmg wdddz, bh wh pcc c d d wd. sv

gz d cmp wkg d d gp d c h dd h w m c h g M2Mdvc v ppc. th mp g hcmp wk w wh pcc ppc b gh, ccg v dvc c v d b M2M. sdd dd h h d gh d m wddv cmp dg w h w w gggd h m g c. F, dd dd h vc h cmp c dvp ppc pmzd wh g dvc d h wk h w cc hm.

th ep tcmmc sdd i (etsi) h md ddcd chc cmm dvp dd M2M cmmcgb. th etsi r 1 sdd cd Fb 2012 w g

m, whch dvp cm w “b g d M2Mchg chc mgd pm”, d w m “dcd cmpx M2M dpm, dcd dpm m wM2M vc, d m dcd CaPeX d oPeX” (etsi 2012).

Mwh, h i tcmmc u h md wc gp h M2M svc ly, whch pg cb whh wkg gp wh h u d h h b kd wh dyg gg dvp dd M2M vc y pcc d d h k qm cmm M2M vc .

F, ZgB, -p d c, h dvpd pc M2M cmmc h h b d b h 300 mmb hZgb ac, whch cd v chg m, g qpm

mc (oeM), d vc pvd.

Wh h pmg dvpm, w k pv c g v dd M2M cmmc. th ZgbPc md cp d h c h, hgh pbc dcm, d y by mmb h ac. idy ccpc h etsi r1 h b d, d h w k dg v vb dp h etsi dd ch v h wd dc d wd h c gb cgzd dd.

i h bc v dd, cmp bgg w dvpm pm bdg h gp. o xmp hCmc pm dcbd C sd 7, whch w Mno xpd h b bd ccv, w gc pg

p pp vcmg v ch gm. Cmpdvpg d g M2M hd c d bdv pm d w---vc g. sch w hp cc h w g pc h M2M mk bd cc cmpc ch w wk, dd dd y v M2M b , d pm ppc dvpm h gd M2M dvpm hgh h v ch. th w hp v h chg pd b h g cc b cg pp pdg m mk d cg pb.

iN 2012, du tm, w’ u w v v, win, b eny mny we du

“ u mu, m, z w”. t w mbdu tm siM i’ gprsm, mb m’ w wb w i’ m mmw w u m m m m u

um eu.

B mb v m, w v m m u um, w vu wu v b m m m

w v. t m umbmmu- wu -u um, w m b bn beween eve vde nd vend.

t w u v

m, m u xvdu, nd endn eve w w

em ve mney n e en by mkn

m um mz u bu b -m .

Iro d Dch tlkomPrr o ergy ecicysmr Grid solio

th p php hp vcm hchg v ch gm h d-d c hp h dvcm ddz whpcc d gm, hb hpg vcmh k mk b. sm cmp kg p g M2M h

pdc, h xmp Jh D’ -s C sd 4.

case study 6





MeasuRInG Data anD LeVeRaGInGIts VaLue

th pc ccg d, zg d, d mc mkgdc bd h d h c pcp M2M cmmc,

b h pd b M2M cc d z d k c v. ag wh bg xc w pmz cc,h d hd b vgd mpv h v pp M2M d c dp h chg. th d cd b dv v d v cmmd c wh—mpvg v vd d gg vg c. y h dd v vkd b h mk d. a md pp h b b h h v h ckp d h ccgd, d p pc mchm h w hm mk h m h v v d h hv gh.

i d cp h pp, cmp g M2M mwk bd d cc d c h g. B cgw pdg xg pvd bh b mc d c

d, cmp g M2M c hp mk h v mpp p c. i my c, xg pdc h w c m d pmz h g cd d hd b gd M2M pckg. a xc xmp xg whg p dp M2M at&t’ appc rc opmz(aro), dcbd h d C sdy 8. ohw cmp hdgg h dvpm ch p wh hd p hm. B cdg ch cmp M2M gd ddg c cc b h dc qg h gvg p ch m, cmp w vcm h mb dd h p— ck pmc d. th w mpv h c-cg v pp d hb b dmkg md.

i dd qg dc g d GHG m, M2Mvd hd h mkg d md hw ch h aro c b gd c’ x-cg md, pvdg hm w hwg ckhd d cm h ccd vg zdhgh h vm M2M m. sch c w k g pvcg m bv gp, ch h Cb Dc Pjc(CDP), wh c p mj dvg pbc p, cmpv, d .

recommenDations: new iDeas Forovercoming barriers

NoKiA siEMENs nw b w vued cumuy n ene e need ee

z M2M vu .cumu vm m M2Mu, m

w m bm u M2M u v, v m, u umu b M2M .

B um v bu m , w v w vu

vm vuv, cumu m v Mnow b b v M2M mn wy beynd ju vdn nnevy, we

w v b b v .

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case study 7



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applicio RorcOpimizr—Qiyig Rl

case study 8




APPLICATION DEVELOPMENTM2M application developers can leverage

the data generated by M2M customers to

further improve their products and to find

new pathways for generating savings and

improving efficiency with M2M.

6:05pm 720

1,500 lbs

9kW

30 mph

40o

DATA-DRIVEN SALES

M2M Data Platform

M2M application developers can leverage

data generated from M2M customers to

improve their products, generate savings

and improve efficiency.

ata gathered from physical infrastructure,

rms, mobile resources such as vehicle

eets, and power grids can help analysts

ake more accurate predictions on a variety

f trends. Data is also essential for unlocking

vestment in greater deployment of M2M.

AN ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITYEntrepreneurs and companies offering M2M solutions can develop new businesses

that gather, analyze, and distribute the vast amount of data generated by M2M in

order to drive sales, investments, and innovation.

DATA-DRIVEN INVESTMENTS APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

Companies offering M2M solutions ca

use the data generated by existing M2

users to assess the needs of their own

similar clients, and confidently recom

the best solutions for meeting those n

M2M

LEVERAGING

DATA

18 gal H2O



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ch ph, i, cb. th g p w-c w mk h c pchg M2M xg c. i c, M2M pch hd cd -p p h M2M pdc, pc h h c’w xpc c v xmp. th g d h pcy h agc c,wh h pp wkg mc wh h Dpm agc, whch pb pvdg m wh m b pcc.

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ConcludingThoughts

6






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em Db Gb amph

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Bz & C. 2009. “th nw nm:Chg Cm Bg Hb tcm d Md.”

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B Cg Gp & Gb

-sb iv (BCG & Gsi). 2012.“Gsi sMart2020: th r iCt Dvg sb F.”

Cb Dc Pjc (CDP). 2012.“Cb rdc G Pv roi:Cb ac rp 2012. ld: CDP.

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GLOssaRYaRO applicio Rorc OpimizrBau Bi ulBeM Bildig ergy MgmCaPeX Cpil expdirCO

2 Crbo Dioxid eqivl

GDP Gro Domic ProdcB2B Bi-o-BiGDP Gro Domic ProdcGHG Grho GHVaC Hig, Vilio,

d air-CodiioigICt Iormio & Commicio

tchologyM2M Mchi-o-MchiM&a Mrgr & acqiiioMnO Mobil nwork OprornGO no-or-Pro OrgizioOeM Origil eqipm

McrrOPeX Oprig expdirROI Rr o IvmROIC Rr o Ivd CpiltCO tol Co o Owrhip




works citeD anD glossarycarbon war room research rePort – 2013

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Cmbdg, M.a.: F rch.

F rch. 2012. “th expdgr Mb h Wkpc.” a Cmtchg adp P Cmmdb Cc sm. Cmbdg, M.a.: Frch.

Gg thwdw iv. 2009.“rdg Wh’ Pb C egb 2020.” s Fcc: Gg thwdwiv.

Gd, ec et al. 2011. “Mk td:

it svc Mch--MchCmmc, u.s., 2012.” smd: G.

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Jh D. 2013. “-s Bch.”accd J 8. hp://www.d.cm/

_us/dc/zmg/gc/_bch/g_mgm_/g_mgm_.hm

Jm, owd d r Wh. 2011.“V Ch sc M2M ecm.”Pd h i Wkhp Mch--Mch Cmmc, ieeeGbcm, H, Dcmb 5–9.

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McVgh, Cm et al. 2009. “CbCc: Qg Mb’ r tckg Cm Chg.” edd b Plc, J Kb, sv ych, adGd d Xv Vd. ld: VdGp Pc.

Mm B igc. 2012. “thsm Gd B 2011–2016.” ld:Mm.

Mh, Jm. 2012. “Mb op sg scc M2M: r Cd Pm.”ld: Mch rch.

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Pbg, rb. 2012. “Pc Fmgyd M G.” China Daily . Mch 8.

Pc, sph d rb scw. 2004.“sbz Wdg: svg h CmPbm h nx 50 y wh Ctchg.” Science 305:13.

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Pcp, Bh. 2011. “nw M2M chg p v P rg m.” Telecom Engine’s M2M Zone Magazine,J 25.

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tg. accd nvmb 26, 2012. hp://g.mc.cm/cmm/bg//h_gwh__mb_mkg_d_ggg.px?=id+nw

rzck, nc. 2012. “M2M Cmmctchg tm B.”Fbcm.cm. accd nvmb16, 2012. hp://www.bcm.cm/tcmPg/M2MCmm.hm

uneP 2011. “Bdgg h em Gp.”ud n evm Pgmm(uneP)

ud n. 2012. “Wd ubzPpc: th 2011 rv.” nw yk: unDpm ecmc d sc a,Pp Dv.

usDa 2006. “Cv Pcch sv: Pc agc.” nrc Cv svc. Whg,D.C., ud s Dpm agc.

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o Environment and Resources 37: 195–222,

nvmb.

Vd Gp Pc. 2011. “a rp: Fh y edd 31 Mch 2011.”

Wh, sb. 2012. “Mch tpCmmc d M2M Pm ev:Hz svc Cpb Vc sMd?” Pd h M2M smm,Dd, spmb 5.

Wd, amy t., sh H. nwd, tyW. G, Mx rg, a Mm ad,Jh F,

Jc K. 2009. “adp d u Pc agc tchg bPc.” abm C-pvex Pgm; abm a&M dab uv.



0


machine to machine technologies acknowleDgements

aCKnOWLeDGeMents

th Cb W rm wd k hk at&t g pp h ch. spccy w wd

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Jan olwang

Ch excv oc, Vg u

Sv Cllir VP B Dvpm, M u sm

David Gilrd

a Dc, nw yk C eDC

Jf hamiln

Dc sgc Php, tmb

Svlana Gran

Dc, sm C, Ccd lvg Pgmm,GsMa

Mical trian

excv s Dc, at&t

Bruc tmsns Pdc Mg, at&t

David Kalb

appc s Dc, M2M, at&t

th Cb W rm h jd wh tHnK: thamdm sch Cv ldhp cmp iv Chg Pjc h h dd v h gh pd h p. o chk h Pcp, Fc d Fd tHnK.

th h wd k hk h wg pp

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nOtes



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