133

Cveni saqarTvelo 5moswavlis wigni

T a v i s u f l e b a

leqsi

daviT maRraZis

Cemi xatia samSoblo,

saxate mTeli qveyana,

ganaTebuli mTa-bari,

wilnayaria RmerTTana.

Tavisufleba dRes Cveni

momavals umRers didebas,

ciskris varskvlavi amodis

amodis da or zRvas Sua brwyindeba.

dideba Tavisuflebas,

Tavisuflebas dideba!

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo himni

Cveni saqarTvelo

V klasi

moswavlis wigni

Cveni saqarTvelo

V klasi

moswavlis wigni

2018 weli

3

sarCevi

Cveni samSoblo

1. miTi argonavtebze ..................................................................................................... 62. Savi zRva..................................................................................................................... 83. uxsovari droidan ..................................................................................................... 104. sofeli da qalaqi ...................................................................................................... 125. mTebi da mdinareebi .................................................................................................. 146. erTianobis safuZveli .............................................................................................. 167. saqarTvelos mxareebi ............................................................................................... 188. ena da metyveleba ...................................................................................................... 209. Semajamebeli gakveTili ............................................................................................ 22

imereTi

10. mdebareoba da buneba .............................................................................................. 2411. dasaxleba da mosaxleoba........................................................................................ 2612. uZvelesi qalaqi ....................................................................................................... 2813. meurneoba ................................................................................................................. 3014. manganumi da qvanaxSiri ........................................................................................... 3215. garemos dacva .......................................................................................................... 3416. kulturis Zeglebi................................................................................................... 3617. tradicia da Tanamedroveoba ................................................................................. 3818. Semajamebeli gakveTili .......................................................................................... 40

Sida qarTli

19. mdebareoba da buneba .............................................................................................. 4220. dasaxleba da mosaxleoba........................................................................................ 4421. qarTuli sulierebis saganZuri ............................................................................. 4622. mavTulxlarTebs miRma ........................................................................................... 4823. meurneoba ................................................................................................................. 5024. xorbali .................................................................................................................... 5225. garemos dacva .......................................................................................................... 5426. kulturis Zeglebi................................................................................................... 5627. tradicia da Tanamedroveoba ................................................................................. 5828. Semajamebeli gakveTili .......................................................................................... 60

qvemo qarTli

29. mdebareoba da buneba .............................................................................................. 6230. dasaxleba da mosaxleoba........................................................................................ 6431. sazRvrisiqeTa qvemo qarTli ................................................................................. 6632. qarTuli metalurgiis centri ............................................................................... 6833. soflis meurneoba ................................................................................................... 7034. garemos dacva .......................................................................................................... 7235. narCenebi da garemos dabinZureba ......................................................................... 7436. kulturis Zeglebi................................................................................................... 7637. tradicia da Tanamedroveoba ................................................................................. 7838. Semajamebeli gakveTili .......................................................................................... 80

svaneTi

39. mdebareoba da buneba .............................................................................................. 8240. dasaxleba da mosaxleoba........................................................................................ 8441. meurneoba ................................................................................................................. 8642. garemos dacva .......................................................................................................... 8843. mTamsvleloba da turizmi .................................................................................... 9044. kulturis Zeglebi ................................................................................................. 92

4

45. tradicia da Tanamedroveoba ................................................................................. 9446. Semajamebeli gakveTili .......................................................................................... 96

samegrelo

47. mdebareoba da buneba .............................................................................................. 9848. dasaxleba da mosaxleoba........................................................................................ 10049. saqarTvelos sazRvao karibWe ................................................................................ 10250. meurneoba ................................................................................................................. 10451. garemos dacva .......................................................................................................... 10652. kulturis Zeglebi................................................................................................... 10853. tradicia da Tanamedroveoba ................................................................................. 11054. Semajamebeli gakveTili .......................................................................................... 112

aWara

55. mdebareoba da buneba .............................................................................................. 11456. dasaxleba da mosaxleoba........................................................................................ 11657. Zveli da axali baTumi ............................................................................................ 11858. meurneoba ................................................................................................................. 12059. garemos dacva .......................................................................................................... 12260. kulturis Zeglebi................................................................................................... 12461. tradicia da Tanamedroveoba ................................................................................. 12662. lazeTi ...................................................................................................................... 12863. Semajamebeli gakveTili .......................................................................................... 130

5

mdebareoba da buneba

rukis mixedviT daadgineT imereTis mdebareoba da sazRvrebi: saqarTvelos romel nawilSi mdebareobs igi? romelia imereTis mosazRvre mxareebi? romeli mTebi da mdinareebi sazRvravs mas sxva mxareebisagan?

daiwyeT cxrilis `vici _ minda vicode _ gavige~ Sevseba.

imereTi moicavs kolxeTis dablobis nawils, imereTis maRlobsa da mis

mimdebare qedebs. simaRleebs Soris didi sxvaoba saqarTvelos am mxaris bunebis mravalferovnebis umTavresi mizezia. dablob adgilebSi warsulSi gav rcelebuli gauvali tye dRes sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebsa da dasax-lebebs ukavia. mTaTa kalTebi tyiTaa Semosili, romelsac zemoT mdeloebi enacvleba.

barSi mdinareebi warmoqmnian ganier Walebsa da kunZulebs. Walebis noyier miwebze umTavresad simindis yanebia, Walebis mimdebared ki, mcired SemaRlebul adgilebSi _ sakarmidamo nakveTebi.

saqarTveloSi yvelaze wyaluxvia mdinare rioni. qvemo dinebaSi igi Cas-mulia xelovnur jebirebsa da miwayrilebSi. isini wyliT walekvisagan icavs mimdebare teritorias. mdinareTa energias ZvelTaganve farTod iyenebdnen wisqvilebis asamuSaveblad. dRes ki maTze agebulia hidroeleqtrosadgurebi _ rionhesi, gumaThesi, tyibulhesi.

imereTSi odiTganve gadioda aRmosavleT-dasavleTis damakavSirebeli gza, ramac xeli Seuwyo am mxaris sameurneo da kulturul dawinaurebas.

wyaro 1. kolxeTis dablobi TiTqmis mTlianad dafarulia sasoflo-sameurneo sa-vargulebiT.

wyaro 2. imereTis mTebSi mdinareTa xeobebi viwro da Rrmaa. xeobebi umTavresad tyiTaa Semosili.

wyaro 3. aWara-imereTis qedi gadaWimulia 140 km-ze Savi zRvis sanapirodan q. bor-jomamde.

daakvirdiT wyaroebs (1_3) da aRwereT ra msgavseba-gansxvavebebia imereTis dablobis, aWara-imereTis qedisa da mTis mdinaris xeobis bunebas Soris. aRwereT maTi zedapiri, tyis safari da adamianis mier teritoriis aTviseba.

imereTi10

1 2

3

wyaro 4. gazeTi `iveria~, 1889 weliam TxuTmetiode wlis win Cveni orpiri iyo metad SesaniSnavi daba. vaWroba dRi-Ti-dRe matulobda, vinaidan aq gadioda gza quTaisidan guriasa da samegrelosaken. magram gaiyvanes Tu ara foTi-Tbilisis rkinigza, orpiri erTbaSad daeca. rkinigzam orpirs gverdi auara da mTeli vaWroba samtrediaSi gadavida.

ramdenad swori iyo orpiris gverdis avliT rkinigzis gayvana, vinaidan amiT igi daza-ralda? imsjeleT. rogor fiqrobT, ra rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia qveynisTvis mimosvlis saSualebebis

ganviTarebas? daasabuTeT.

daba qalaqis msgavsi mcire zomis dasax-lebaa. miwayrili miwiT mozvinuli adgilia.sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli miwis nakve-Tia, sadac mohyavT agrokulturebi. masve miakuTvneben saZovrebsa da saTibebs.xelovnuri jebiri aris nageboba, romelic icavs adgils datborvisagan.dablobi xmeleTis zedapiria, romlis simaRle zRvis donidan 200 metrs ar aRemateba.

gaagrZeleT cxrilis ̀ vici _ minda vicode

_ gavige~ Sevseba.

davaleba

■ konturul rukaze daitaneT gakve Til-Si mocemuli geografiuli obieq tebi.

daiyaviT jgufebad da gansazRvreT imereTis satransporto kavSirebi saqarTvelos sxva mxareebTan. daxa zeT cxrili dafaze da CamowereT mxareebi Sesabamis svetSi. cxrili gadaitaneT rveulSi.

sarkinigzo kavSiri

ar aris sarkinigzo kavSiri

saavtomobilo kavSiri

ar aris saavtomo-bilo kavSiri

4

wyaro 5. rionhesi erT-erTi Zveli hidroeleqtrosadguria saqarTveloSi.

gakveTilis struqtura

Temis win das-muli strate-gia, romelic gakveTilis bolos kvlav mieTiTeba da Temis bolos jamdeba

gakveTilisZiriTadi teqsti

muqi SriftiT gamoyofilia mniSvnelovani termini an fraza

wyaroSi warmodgenilia teqsti, suraTi da ruka, romelTa Ses-wavla da gamokvleva gvexmareba sakiTxis gagebaSi.

leqsikonSi ganmartebulia ucxo sityvebi da terminebi

gakveTilisnomeri da saTauri

wyaros gasac-nobad dasmuli kiTxvebi da davalebebi

gakveTilis Si-naarsisa da miznis maprovocirebeli kiTxvebi

Temis saTauri

Sin Sesasrulebeli samuSao

gakveTilis Semajamebe-li sadiskusio gan-mamtkicebeli davaleba

6

miTi argonavtebze

am gakveTilidan SeityobT, rom Cveni samSoblo erT-erTi uZvelesi qveyanaa. amis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs miTi argonavtebze. gaigebT, rom miTi erT-erTi istoriuli wyaroa.

Soreul saberZneTSi cxovrobda ufliswuli iasoni, romelmac aago xomaldi `argo~ da sxvebTan erTad kolxeTisaken gamoeSura. berZen zRvaos-nebs gemis saxelis gamo daerqvaT argonavtebi.

kolxeTi maSin Cveni samSoblos im nawils erqva, romelic Sav zRvas ekv-roda. kolxeTs ganagebda uZleveli mefe aieti. misi Zlevamosilebis simbolo iyo oqros sawmisi _ oqrosmatyliani cxvris tyavi, romelic fasisis WalaSi erT did muxaze ekida. fasisi dRes rionis saxeliTaa cnobili. oqros sawmiss gveleSapi darajobda. swored am sawmisis daufleba surda iasons.

berZeni zRvaosnebi auyvnen mdinare fasiss da miadgnen mefe aietis sa-taxto qalaq kutaias. rogorc fiqroben, es dRevandeli quTaisia. kolxeTis mefem stumrebi didebul sasaxleSi miiRo. oqros sawmisis sanacvlod mefem ucxo stumrebs rTuli davalebebis Sesruleba mosTxova. iasons cecxlism-fqvreveli xarebiT miwa unda moexna da gveleSapis kbilebi daeTesa, Semdeg ki maTgan aRmocenebuli goliaTi meomrebi daexoca.

aieti fiqrobda, rom iasoni am davalebis Sesrulebisas daiRupeboda. mag-ram iasons mxsnelad aietis ulamazesi asuli medea moevlina, romelsac stu-mari TavdaviwyebiT Seuyvarda. medeam saswaulmoqmedi malamo misca iasons. iasonma tanze waisva malamo da meomrebma veraferi avnes. iasonma isini daa-marcxa. Semdeg medeam oqros sawmisis mcveli gveleSapic daaZina da berZnebma oqrosmatyliani cxvris tyavi farulad gaitaces. iasonma medea gemze aiyvana da saberZneTisaken gacures. aietma maT mdevari daadevna, Tumca uSedegod. argonavtebma oqros sawmisi saberZneTSi Caitanes.

medeasa da iasonis siyvarulze mravali wigni daiwera, gadaiRes filmebi, dadges speqtaklebi, Seqmnes naxatebi da simRerebi. medeas saxelze agebdnen Zvelad taZrebs. uebari wamlebis damzadebisa da mkurnalobis saocari niWis gamo ki medeas saxeli daerqva samkurnalo saqmes _ `medicinas~.

wyaro 1. oqros sawmisis motacebis scena

monaxeT teqstSi adgili, romelsac asaxavs es suraTi. aRwereT igi. aRwereT axali `argo~ (wyaro 2). riT gansxvavdeba igi Tanamedrove xomaldebisagan?

wyaro 2. ingliselma mkvlevarma tim severinma 13 axalgazrdasTan erTad 1984 wels q. volosidan (saberZneTi) gamocura axali `argo~-Ti. 3-Tviani mgzavrobis Semdeg xomaldi q. foTSi Semovida da md. rioniT sof. WyviSamde icura. damtkicda, rom SesaZlebeli yofila niCbiani naviT saberZneTidan saqarTveloSi mosvla.

1 2

Cveni samSoblo1

7

miTi xalxuri gadmo ce maa, romelSic zRap ru lTan er-Tad namdvili ambebicaa moT-xrobili. istoriuli wyaro Cvenam de moRweuli nebismie ri sabuTia, romelic mog viTxrobs war-sulis Sesa xeb. esenia: nivTe-bi, nagebobebi an maTi naSTe-bi, xelnawerebi, miTebi da sxv.marSruti winaswar Sedge ni li gegmis mixedviT mog za uro-baa.

daiyaviT jgufebad. waikiTxeT saxelmZRvanelos teqsti, gaecaniT leqsikonSi `miTis~ mniSvnelobas. gaiTvaliswineT vanSi gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili monapovari, ga-

daixazeT rveulSi cxrili da SeavseT.

miTi argonavtebis Sesaxeb

sinamdvile gamonagoni

Tqveni namuSevris wardgena miandeT jgufis romelime wevrs. yvela Tvalsazrisis mosmenis Semdeg moawyveT dis kusia Semdeg sakiTxebze:■ ratom aris miTi istoriuli wyaro?■ romel namdvil faqtebzea saubari am miTSi?

wyaro 3. aseTi marSrutiT imogzaures axalma argonavtebma.

wyaro 4. vanSi mecnierebma aRmoaCines ZvelberZnuli gamarjvebis qalRmerTis _ nikes brinjaos qandakeba.

Tqveni azriT, riT aris mniSvnelovani tim severinis mogzauroba? ra marSruti gaiares axalma argonavtebma? ratom daWirdaT axal argonavtebs samogzaurod 3 Tve? rogor fiqrobT, Zvel argonavtebsac igive dro dasWirdebodaT da

igive gzas gaivlidnen Tu ara? daasabuTeT. raze metyvelebs berZnuli nivTebis kolxeTSi aRmoCena?

davaleba

■ moiZieT da gaigeT meti argonavtebis miTis Sesaxeb, kerZod Tu rogor aRmoCnda Tavis droze oqros saw-misi kolxeTSi. dawereT mcire narkvevi.vebgverdi: h t t p s: / / w w w . yo u t u b e . co m / w a t ch ? v= xe 3 M S st yw 2 Y , h t t p s: / / w w w . yo u t u b e . co m / w a t ch ? v= Y i I e L u R vX E U

4

3

8

Savi zRva

am gakveTilidan SeityobT, Tu ra mniSvneloba hqonda da aqvs Sav zRvas saqarTve-

losTvis.

zRvas, romelic Cvens samSoblos dasavleTidan ekvris, yvela Sav zRvas uwodebs. Savi zRvis sanapiro zoli saqarTveloSi iwyeba mdinare fsous SesarTa vidan da mTavrdeba sofel sarfTan. sxva zRvebsa da okeaneebs Savi zRva bosforisa da dardanelis sruteebiT ukavSirdeba. swored es sruteebi gamoiares Zvelma da axalma argonavtebma, roca kolxeTSi movidnen.

Sav zRvas yovelTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTvelosTvis. Savi zRvi dan wamosuli Tbili da notio haeris gamo sakmaod Tbila da uxvi naleqe-bic modis saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT ki mis dasavleT nawilSi. es ki xels uwyobda aq tyeebis gavrcelebas, nadir-frinvelis simdidres, siTbosa da te-nis moyvaruli agrokulturebis maRali mosavlis miRebas.

sanaosno gzebiT Savi zRva akavSirebda da akavSirebs saqarTvelos sxvada-s xva qveyanasTan, xels uwyobda da uwyobs maTTan vaWrobas.

Cveni samSoblo

wyaro 1. Zlieri qaris dros Sav zRvaSi talRis simaRlem SeiZleba 3-5 metrs da met-sac miaRwios. aseTi talRebi safrTxes uqmnian sanapi roze myof adamianebsac.

wyaro 2. Tevzis rewva, romelsac saojaxo moxmarebis garda, savaWro daniSnulebac hqonda _ erT-erTi mniSvnelovani iyo adgilobrivebisaTvis. amitom xSirad SeniSnavT TevzsaWer gemebs Sav zRvaSi.

wyaro 3. dRes Savi zRvis plaJebi dasvenebisa da garTobis saukeTeso adgilia. aq ganlagebul sazRvao kurortebs yovelwliurad stumrobs mravali turisti.

wyaro 4. Sav zRvas yvelaze metad abinZurebs tankerebi da maTi avariebi. navTobiT datvirTvisas an misi daclisas igi xSirad xvdeba wyalSi da abinZurebs mas.

2

1 2

3 4

9

■ ra mniSvneloba aqvs Sav zRvas saqarTvelosaTvis? daiyaviT jgufebad, gadaixazeT cxrili rveulSi da SeavseT igi:

klimatis Camoyalibeba

urTierToba sxva qveynebTan

adamianTa uzrunvelyofa

sakvebiT

dasveneba- garToba

■ daukavSireT wyaroebidan da gakveTilis teqstidan miRebuli informacia Tqvens Ca na wers, upasuxeT SekiTxvebs da SeasruleT qvemoT mocemuli davalebebi:a) ramdenad emTxveva es informaciebi erTmaneTs?b) gamoyaviT msgavseba-gansxvavebebi.g) gaakeTeT prezentacia klasis winaSe.

■ am rCevebidan romels ar eTanxmebiT? axseniT ratom?■ kidev raimes xom ar daamatebdiT?■ imsjeleT yvela am rCevis Sesaxeb. ra saf-rTxeebs qmni an isini?■ Tqveni azriT, ra roli SeiZleba iTamaSos zR-vam cxovrebis jansaRi wesis damkvidrebaSi?

agrokultura mcenareebia, rom - le bic adamianma xangrZlivi Sro -mis Sedegad moaSena. igi gamoiyeneba sakvebad da sxvadasxva produqtis _ Saqris, zeTis, sa Rebavis, rezinisa da sxvaTa da samzadeblad.klimati, igive hava gar kveul adg-ilze iseTi amindebis erTobliobaa, romlebic wlidan wlamde meordeba.tankeri Txevadi tvirTis gada sa-zidi gemia. mas umTavresad ga daaqvs navTobi da misgan mi Re buli pro-duqtebi.srute xmeleTis or nawils Soris mdebare wylis viwro sivrcea.plaJi zRvis viwro sanapiro zolia.

daicaviT usafrTxoebis wesebi zRvaze!

arasodes gacuroT zRvaSi Sors! bolomde ar endoT gasaber leibs an rgols! misma

SeumCnevelma wunma SeiZleba Tavi iCinos Rrma wyalSi. ar aswavloT sxvas curva Rrma wyalSi. es saxifa-

Toa orive TqvenganisaTvis. ar SexvideT zRvaSi, roca is Relavs.

SeiZleba Tu ara iyoT sruliad usafr-T xod gemze yofnisas zRvaSi, roca igi Re-lavs? daasabuTeT. sportis romeli saxeobaa asaxuli

suraTze (wyaro 3)? sportis kidev romeli saxeobebia da-

kavSirebuli zRvasTan? tankerebis garda, kidev ram SeiZleba

daabinZuris Savi zRva? daasabuTeT.

wyaro 5. saqarTvelos sazRvao kurorte-

bi

rukis mixedviT CamoTvaleT sazRvao kurortebi da SeusabameT isini saqarT-velos mxareebs. daasaxeleT saqarTvelos yvelaze

CrdiloeTiT da samxreTiT mdebare sa-zRvao kurortebi.

5

10

uxsovari droidan

am gakveTilidan SeityobT, rom saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze uZvelesi droidan Cans adamianis nakvalevi. gaigebT, Tu rogor cxovrobdnen isini, rodis iyo es da rogor iTvlida adamiani dros.

argonavtebi kolxeTs maSin estumrnen, roca adamians ukve hqonda Sromisa da brZolis sakmaod ganviTarebuli iaraRebi, agebdnen mSvenier sasaxleebs da niCbebiani gemebiTac mogzaurobdnen.

Tavdapirvelad ki adamiani mxolod bunebisagan naboZebs, mzamzareuls iTvisebda – xiliT, ZirxvenebiT, TevzaobiTa da nadirobiT irCenda Tavs. am dros igi qvis, xisa da Zvlis iaraRebs iyenebda.

adamianis cxovrebis am etaps, roca igi qvis iaraRs iyenebda, qvis xana ewodeba. am dros adamiani sakvebis mosapoveblad gadadioda erTi adgilidan meoreze. gavida dro da adamianma nel-nela iswavla mcenareTa da nadir-fr-invelTa moSeneba: cocxlad daWerili nadiri yvela ar da xoca, moiCvia isini da male maTi movlac da moSenebac daiwyo. yovelive am saqmianobam adamiani aiZula xetiali Seewyvita da erT adgilze dabinavebuliyo.

magram es erTbaSad ar momxdara. nadirobidan cxovelTa moSenebamde did-ma drom gaiara. drois cvlileba uZvelesi adamianisTvisac iyo cnobili. maT Tvis advili SesamCnevi iyo dRisa da Ramis, zafxulisa da zamTris mo-nacvleoba. adamianma isic ki SeamCnia, rom mTvare xan pataraa, rka liviT wvri-li da xan savse, burTiviT mrgvali. dros, romelic mTvares sWir deboda savse mTvaridan imave mdgomareobaSi dasabruneblad, Tve uwo da, xolo im dros, romelic axali wlidan axal wlamde gadioda _ weliwadi.

weliwads sxvadasxva xalxi sxvadasxva movleniT iwyebda. CvenTan miRebulia drois aTvla qristes dabadebidan, romelsac ̀ Cvens~ an ̀ axal welTaRricxvas~, `qristes Sobidan~ uwodeben. xolo im movlenas, romelic manamde anu qristes dabadebamde moxda, ̀ Zvel welTaRricxvas~, ̀ Cvens welTaRricxvamde~, ̀ qristes Sobamde~ eZaxian. drois periodebad dayofas kalendari hqvia.

miRebuli wesiT, weliwadi 12 Tved iyofa, Tve _ 4 kvirad, xolo kvira _ 7 dRed. asi weli ki saukunes Seadgens, 10 saukune ki _ aTaswleuls.

drois aTvlis wesebs qronologia anu welTaRricxva ewodeba.

wyaro 1. mecnierebma dmanis-Si aRmoaCines uZvelesi adami-anebis Tavis qalebi, romlis mixedviTac aRadgines maTi ier-saxe. SeurCies saxelebic: zezva da mzia. isini milion 800 aTasi wlis win cxovrobdnen.

Cveni samSoblo3

1

11

wyaro 4. drois xazi. dro miedineba warsulidan momavlisaken. warmovidginoT es xa-zis saxiT, romelic swored am mimarTulebas aRniSnavs.

drois ra cvlilebebis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyena adamianma mTvareze dakvirveba? rogor fiqrobT, rodis unda emogzauraT argonavtebs kolxeTSi _ qvis xanaSi Tu mis

mere? ratom fiqrobT ase? ramdeni saukune gavida qristes Sobidan? ramdeni weli gavida qristes Sobidan dRevandel dRemde? rogor fiqrobT, zezva da mzia cxovrobdnen qristes Sobamde Tu qristes Sobis mere? gamoiangariSeT, ramden aTaswleuls iTvlis zezvas da mzias asaki?

wyaro 2. ase muSaoben arqeologebi, romlebic adamianTa cxovrebis uZveles nakva-levs amzeureben.

wyaro 3 aseT iaraRs iyenebda Tavdapirvelad adamiani, romliTac klavda nadirs da

kafavda tyeebs.

teqstisa da wyaroebis mixedviT daadgineT, ra saqmianobas misdevdnen qvis xanis ada-mianebi?

formatis furcelze gadaxazeT drois xazi. gamoakariT klasSi. mTeli wlis manZilze Se-avseT igi Semdeg gakveTilebSi mocemuli axa-li informaciebis mixedviT. erTad muSaobis droisa da pirobebis Sesaxeb SeuTanxmdiT erTmaneTs. momdevno gakveTilze moawyveT misi prezentacia.

V IV III II I I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX

Zveli axaliwelTaRricxva welTaRricxva

saukuneebi saukuneebi

arqeologi mecnieria, romelic mi-wis siRmeSi Caflul nivTebs aRmoa-Cens da uZvelesi adamianis cxovre-bis suraTs aRadgens.arqeologia ki mecnierebaa, romel-ic adamianis cxovrebas Seiswavlis gaTxrebiT mopovebuli nivTebis meS-veobiT.

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sofeli da qalaqi

am gakveTilidan SeityobT, Tu rogor warmoiSva sofeli da qalaqi.

adamianma cxovelis moSinaurebiTa da maTi movla-patronobiT mesaqon-leobas Cauyara safuZveli. man aseve SeamCnia, rom SemodgomiT mcenareebidan Camovardnili Tesli gazafxulze aRmocendeboda da axal nayofs isxamda. male man Ta vad daiwyo maTi daTesva da movla. ase aRmocenda miwaTmoqmedeba.

yvelafer amas ki qvis xelculze ukeTesi iaraRi sWideboda. adamianma iswavla Sromisa da brZolis ufro daxvewili iaraRebis damzadeba. maT gansa-kuTrebuli unaris mqone adamianebi qmnidnen, romlebsac xelosnebi ewodebaT. isini TavianTi xelobis mixedviT iyofodnen: zogi meTune iyo da Tixisagan sxva-dasxva WurWels amzadebda; zogi durgali iyo da xisagan saxlebsa da sxva dasxva iaraRs akeTebda; zogi ki mWedeli iyo, romelic liTonisagan iara Rebsa da sayofacxovebo sagnebs Wedavda da a.S. gaumjobesebuli iaraRebis wyalobiT miwis damuSaveba da mosavlis moyvanac ufro advili da nayofieri xdeboda.

sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebi TavinTi Sromis nayofs urTierT Soris cvlidnen: iZendnen im produqts, romelic maT ar hqondaT. ase gaCnda vaWro-ba. savaWrod ki adamianebis TavSeyris iseTi adgili SeirCeoda, sadac Soridan momavali ramdenime gza iyrida Tavs. gzebi Zvel droSi mdinares miuyveboda, zRviT mogzuroba ki navmisadgomad myudro yureSi mTavrdeboda.

myidvelisa da gamyidvlis Sexvedris adgili TandaTan gaizarda da mudmiv dasaxlebad iqca. maT TavianTi ubnebi da quCebi Seqmnes. magaliTad, calke iyo mWedlebis quCa, calke meTuneebis da a.S. ase warmoiqmna qalaqi. sofeli ki miwaTmoqmedTa da mesaqonleTa dasaxlebad darCa.

Cveni samSoblo

wyaro 1. samWedlo

wyaro 2. Tixis ostati daz ga ze mozelil Tix-isgan am zadebda Wur-Wels, romelsac Semdeg quraSi ga mowvavda.

wyaro 3. Tixis nawarmiT movaWreebi, Tbilisi

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wyaro 4. sofeli cxrukveTi, imereTi

wyaro 5. sofeli mTaSi, svaneTi

wyaro 6. Zveli Tbilisi, 1932 weli

wyaro 7. Zveli quTaisi, bazris quCa. XIX saukunis II naxevari

wyaro 8. Tanamedrove qalaqis xedi, Tbilisi

adamianTa romel saqmianobas ukavSir-deba qalaqis warmoSoba? soflad ra saqmanobas misdevdnen ada-

mianebi?

daakvirdiT wyaroebs da gamoyaviT maTSi Zveli da axali elementi.

venis diagramis mixedviT SeadareT erTmaneTs Zveli da axali qalaqis xedebi.

■ wyvilebSi imuSaveT da SeadareT erTmaneTs mWedlisa da Tixis ostatis saqmiano ba. maswavleblis daxmarebiT daadgineT Sromis ra iaraRebi esaWiroeba maT. dRes arse-boben am profesiis adamianebi? ■ SeecadeT amoicnoT Tixis TqvenTvis nacnobi 3 WurWeli. xom ar gaqvT msgavsi saxl-Si? risTvis iyenebT mas?

davaleba

albaT, gsmeniaT, rom Tanamedrove periodSi mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili, gansakuTre-biT axalgazrdebi, mudmiv sacxovreblad gadadis soflidan qalaqSi. SeecadeT moifiqroT amis gamomwvevi 3 mizezi da SeitaneT isini rveulSi. Tqveni survilis mixedviT, erT-erT maTganze SeadgineT komiqsi da gaacaniT is klass.

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8

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14

mTebi da mdinareebi

am gakveTilidan SeityobT saqarTvelos havis CamoyalibebaSi da meurneobis

ganviTarebaSi mdinareebisa da mTebis gavlenis Sesaxeb.

Cveni samSoblo Savi zRvis sanapirodan iwyeba da aRmosavleTiT vrcel-deba. igi mTebiTaa SemosazRvruli: CrdiloeTiT kavkasionis qedia, xolo samxreTiT _ samxreT saqarTvelos mTianeTi. maT Soris gacilebiT dabali adgilia, romelsac saqarTvelos mTaTaSoriso bari ewodeba. mTebs Soris mo-qceul am dabal adgils lixis qedi Suaze yofs.

Savi zRvidan monaberi haeris gavrcelebas aRmosavleTisaken gzas uRobavs lixis qedi. rac ufro vSordebiT zRvas, hava ufro mSrali xdeba. iq, sadac hava notioa, mcenareebi SedarebiT advilad izrdeba, xolo mSral adgilebSi mxo lod aseT pirobebs Seguebuli mcenareebi xarobs. kavkasionis Crdiloe-TiT civi haeria gabatonebuli da kavkasionis qedi aferxebs mis gavrcelebas saqar Tve los teritoriaze.

mTebSi bevria patar-patara nakaduli, romlebic Tovlisa da yinulis dno-biT warmoiqmneba. isini erTmaneTs erTvian da mdinareebad iqcevian. mdina re-ebi mTebidan zaTqiTa da quxiliT Camoedinebian, xolo dablobze mdovred miiklaknebian. zogi mdinare erTvis meores, zogi ki tbaSi an zRvaSi Caedineba.

saqarTvelos mdinareebis erTi nawili Sav zRvas erTvis, xolo meore na-wili kaspiis zRvas miuluTvneba. didi mdinareebi TavianTi SenakadebiT qmnian vrcel teritorias, romelsac mdinaris auzs uwodeben.

mdinareebi rwyaven vel-mindvrebs da mosavlis moyvanas uwyoben xels. ele-qtro energiis misaRebad maTze ageben kaSxlebsa da hidroeleqtrosadgu rebs. kaSxlebTan wyali gubdeba da wyalsacavi warmoiqmneba. xSirad aq SesaniSnavi dasasvenebeli adgilebi ewyoba, rac izidavs mraval turists. wyalsacavebSi Tevzebis moSenebac metad momgebiani saqmea.

Cveni samSoblo

wyaro 1-2. wisqvilebs Zvelad marcvleulis dasafqvavad agebdnen. bevrgan dResac iyeneben mas. Raridan wyali ecemoda borbals, romelic qvisgan damzadebul dolabs abrunebda. masSi cvioda marcvali da dolabi aqucmacebda da fqvavda. fqvili ki gverdze gakeTebul yuTSi iyreboda.

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wyaro 3. wylis energiiT brunavda xis dasamuSave-beli Carxi.

wyaro 4. md. aragvis xeo-ba JinvalTan kaSxliT ga-daketes da wyali daagu-bes. sabo lood, adamianis zemoqmedebam aseTi saxe misca aragvis xeobis am adgils. Jinvalis wyal-sacavi sasmeli wyliT ama ragebs Tbilisis mo-saxleobis daaxloebiT na xevars.

amowereT rveulSi teqstSi dasaxelebuli qedebi. moZebneT isini rukaze. gaiTvaliswineT sad cxovrobT da aRniSneT _ sWirdeba TqvenTan mcenareebs morwyva

Tu ara? ratom? daasabuTeT. ra rols asrulebs saqarTvelos klimatis CamoyalibebaSi mTebi? mniSvnelobis mixed-

viT gamoyaviT romelime maTgani. teqstis bolo abzacis da wyaroebis mixedviT CamoTvaleT is sargebeli, rac mdinares

moaqvs.

bari zRvis donidan daaxloebiT 500 m simaR-lemde mdebare teritoriaa. kaSxali mdinaris wylis gadamketi xelovnuri nagebobaa, romelic wyals agubebs. mTianeTi mTiani mxarea, romelic gamorCeula-daa aRmarTuli mimdebare dabali adgilisagan.mTa dedamiwis swor zedapirze mniSvnelovnad amaR le buli adgilia. qedi mTaTa erTobliobaa, romlebic ga daWimu-lia grZivad.wyalsacavi igive xelovnuri tbaa.hesi, igive hidroeleqtrosadguri nagebobaa, romelsac ageben mdinareze eleqtroenergiis misaRebad.

imuSaveT wyvilebSi.

■ kaSxali bunebrivi nageboba ar aris. igi aago adamianma. gaixseneT, ra sarge-

beli moaqvs mas?■ daixmareT maswavlebeli da gamoark-vieT _ xom ar Seicavs raime saSiSroebas

kaSxali da wyalsacavi?■ gaakeTeT saboloo daskvna _ unda ai-gos isini Tu ara?

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16

erTianobis safuZveli

am gakveTilidan SeityobT Tu ra gavlenas axdens bunebrivi pirobebi adamianis

saqmianobaze da rogor ganapirobebs igi saqarTvelos mTisa da baris erTianobas.

saqarTvelos klimatis Camoyalibebaze romeli qedebi axdens gansakuTrebul gavlenas? gaixseneT ratom? Savi zRvidan aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT ratom mcirdeba naleqebis raodenoba?

rogor aisaxeba es mcenareul safarze?

saqarTvelos buneba mravalferovania. es ganpirobebulia: mTisa da baris arsebobiT, Savi zRvis gavleniT, midgan daSorebiT da a.S.

mTebSi haeris temperatura gacilebiT ufro dabalia, vidre barSi. igi rTu li reliefiTac xasiaTdeba. amis gamo mTebSi mcirea an saerTod ar gvxvde- ba xexilis baRebi da venaxebi. amitom aq mecxoveleobaa dawinaurebuli. barSi ki miwaTmoqmedeba wamyvan dargad gvevlineba. aq gaSenebulia xexilis baRebi, venaxebi da erTwlovani kulturebi.

notio klimatis gamo dasavleT saqarTveloSi tenis moyvaruli agrokul-turebis moyvana ufro advilia, maSin roca aRmosavleTSi _ SedarebiT simSra-lis moyvarulebis. gansakuTrebiT mSrali klimatiT xasiaTdeba saqarTvelos ukiduresi aRmosavleTi nawili, sadac ivris zegani da eldaris dablobia. am kli maturma pirobebma ufro metad Seuwyo xeli aq mesaqonleobis ganviTarebas.

bunebrivi pirobebisa da meurneobis sxvadasxva dargis ganviTarebis gamo warmoiqmna saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxareSi mcxovrebTa sameurneo urTierT-damokidebuleba.

Cveni samSoblo

wyaro 1. puris yana

wyaro 3. xexilis baRi

wyaro 2. zvari / venaxi

wyaro 4. bostani

6

rogor icvleba meurneobis dargebi baridan mTis da dasavleTidan aRmosavleTis mi-marTulebiT? es cvlileba aris Tu ara ganpirobebuli imave mizezebiT, ris gamoc icvleba mcenareu-

li safari amave mimarTulebiT? daasabuTeT. wyaroebis (1-4) mixedviT gansazRvreT, romel suraTzea asaxuli erTwliani agrokul-

turebi da romelze _ mravalwliani?

1 2

3 4

17

wyaro 6. axla ukve droa barisken da eS vas fara zamTris saZovrebisa ken.

wyaro 7. zamTrisTvis ase imarageben Tivas.

daiyaviT jgufebad, pirobiTad `barelebad~ da `mTielebad~. TiToeulma cal-calke daxazeT cxrili dafaze da SeavseT igi.

10 ZiriTadi produqti, romelsac iyenebs Tqveni

ojaxi

produqtebi, romlebic Tqvenma jgufma SeiZleba

awarmoos

ra produqtis danaklisi gaqvT?

bolos miiReT gadawyvetileba, rogor SeavsebdiT am produqtebis danakliss: iyid-diT, gacvliddiT meore jgufis wevrebTan, Tu sxva saSualebas mimarTavdiT. ims-jeleT da daasabuTeT.

erTwliania iseTi kultura, romelic izrdeba da viTardeba 1 welze nakleb periodSi, xolo mravalwliani iseTi mcenareebia, romelTa zrdasa da ganviTarebas mravali weli sWirdeba.faras didi raodenobiT erTad Tavmoyril cxvars eZaxian.reliefi dedamiwis zedapiris us wormas wo ro baa. reliefis fo rme bia: qedi, mTa, vake da sxv. wvrilfexa saqoneli _ cxvari da Txa.

davaleba

■ dawereT narkvevi, ratom war-moiSva qalaqebi barSi.

6 7

wyaro 5. ivane javaxiSvilisaqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxaris buneba erTmaneTisagan Zlierad gansxvavdeba. zogi maTgani mexileobisa da mevenaxeobis, zogi ki xorbleulisa da bostneulis kulture-bisaTvis saukeTeso asparezs warmoadgenda. gansxvavebuli sasoflo-sameurneo aree-bis wyalobiT yovel mxares yvelaferi arc hqonda da arc SeiZleba hqonodaT. garda amisa, am danakliss isini TavianTi nawarmis urTierTgacvliT ivsebdnen. wvrilfexa saqonels maRlobi adgilebis susxiani, Tovliani da ubalaxo zamTris atana ar SeeZ-lo. amitom mecxoveleobis mimdevari mTis mcxov rebi cxvris faras zamTrobiT Tavis mxareSi ver dastovebda. mas Tavis saqonlisaTvis baris Tbili da zamTris saZovriani adgilebi aucileblad sWirdeboda. Tavis mxriv, baris mcxovrebsac sakuTari saqon-lis zafxulobiT barad datoveba ar SeeZlo. cxvars aqauri sicxis atana ar SeeZlo da arc sakmarisi saZovari iyo. amis gamo barels zafxulSi Tavisi cxvris fara unda maRlob, grilsa da kargsaZovrian Tems unda waesxa. amrigad, barels mTa sWirdeboda da mTiels kidev _ bari. uerTmaneTod maT arseboba ar SeeZloT. am bunebrivi pirobebis wyalobiT saqarTvelos bari, meurneobrivad CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis nawilebis mxa reebTan umWidroesad iyo dakavSirebuli. saqarTvelos mTa adgilebis samimosvlo da aReb-micemobis gzebic barisaken miimarTeboda.

romeli saqmianobaa ganviTarebuli mTaSi da romeli barSi? ratom ver viTardeba mexileoba da mevenaxeoba mTaSi? ra iwvevs cxovelTa sezonur gadarekvas mTidan barSi da baridan mTisken?

18

saqarTvelos mxareebi

am gakveTilidan SeityobT, Tu ras warmoadgens mxare da rogor warmoiSva is.

mTebi cicabo da maRali kalTebiT adamians gadaadgilebas uZnelebs. ase-vea mdinareebic, romlis daxramuli napirebi da Rrma wyali meore napirze gadasvlas aferxebs. amitom isini qmnian bunebriv sazRvrebs, romelTa erT mxares gansxvavebuli bunebaa da meore mxares ki _ sxvanairi. erTgan midamo tyiTaa dafaruli, meoregan ki igi iSviaTia an sulac araa; erTgan vazi xar-obs, meoregan ki _ ara; erTgan zafxulSi papanaqeba sicxea, roca imave dros meoregan saamurad grila. Tumca es gansxvavebuli adgilebi erTi qveynis nawilebia, magram mainc erTmaneTisagan ganirCevian da erTmaneTisagan gamo-calkavebulni arian. maT Cveni samSoblos mxareebi ewodeba.

gansxvavebuli bunebrivi pirobebi adamians sxvadasxvagvari moqmedebisa - ken ubiZgebs. iq, sadac xeebi bevria, saxlebic xeebisagan igeba; sadac noyieri sa Zovrebia, pirutyvis moSeneba advilia da saqonelic blomad hyavT; sadac vazi xarobs bevr yurZensac moiweven da a.S. amitom saqarTvelos mxareebis Ta-viseburebebma am mxaris mcxovreblebis gansxvavebuli yofa Seqmna. Cveni samS-oblos sxvadasxva mxareSi mcxovrebi adamianebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvav debian ieriTa da CacmulobiT, sarCo-sabadeblis moyvanis wesiTa da sacxovreb lis mowyobiT. Tumca isini yovelTvis erTi qveynis _ saqarTvelos Svilebi iyvnen da arian dResac.

wyaro 1. iakob gogebaSviliCven kargad viciT, erTsa da imave mSoblebis Svilebs gvari erTi aqvT, magram saxele-bi ki sxvadasxva. msgavsad amisa, Cveni qveynis sxvadasxva mxares gvartomobis saxeli erTi da igive hqvia _ saqarTvelo, magram amave dros, TiToeul mxares Tavisi sa-kuTari saxelic hqvia, swored ise, rogorc RviZl Zmebsa da debs sxvadasxva saxels uwodeben xolme. ai is saxelebi: kaxeTi, qarTli, imereTi, samegrelo, guria, raWa, svaneTi.

imsjeleT iakob gogebaSvilis Sedarebaze _ da-Zmebis Sesaxeb Tqveni magaliTiT.

wyaro 2. nodar dumbaZesamSoblo yvelaferi isaa, uromlisodac sicocxle ar SegiZlia. axla aRar

maxsovs kargad, romel klasSi viyavi, meoTxeSi, Tu mexuTeSi:_ dumbaZe adeqi da mipasuxe, ra aris samSoblo, _ amayena qarTulis maswavlebelma._ samSoblo. samSobloa adgili, sadac davibade da..._ kidev? _ CamekiTxa maswavlebeli.Zalian didxans vifiqre._ dajeqi dumbaZe, miTxra maswavlebelma, pasuxi rom aRar vaRirse._ ar damiweroT, maswavlebelo ori. vici da ver vambob, _ Sevexvewe me da tirili

daviwye...

rogor fiqrobT, ratom gauWirda nodar dumbaZes epasuxa maswavleblis SekiTxvaze? SeecadeT, Tqven axsnaT ra aris samSoblo?

Cveni samSoblo

imuSaveT wyvilebSi. SeavseT cxrili da cal-calke CamowereT saqarTvelos mxareebi.

saqarTvelos mxareebi

dasavleT saqarTvelo aRmosavleT saqarTvelo

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davaleba

■ gamoikiTxeT ufrosebi da daadgineT:1) saidan aris mosuli Tqveni gvari?2) ZiriTadad romeli gvarebi Warbobs Tqvens mxareSi?

wyar

o 3

. sa

qarTve

los

mxar

eebi

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Cveni samSobloena da metyveleba

am gakveTilidan SeityobT, Tu ra aris saerTo qarTveluri fuZe-ena da dialeqti.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze cxovrobda adamianTa mravali tomi. isini erT saerTo enaze laparakobdnen. am enas mecnierebi fu Ze qarTvelur enas anu saerTo qarTvelur enas uwodeben. dRes igi ukve ar arsebobs. droTa gan-mavlobaSi erTi fuZe enidan gaCnda dRevandeli qarTuli, megrul-Wanuri da svanuri enebi.

samive es ena qarTvelebis sakuTrebaa, oRond maTgan mxolod qarTul enaze Seiqmna damwerloba da sazogado urTierTobaSi yvela mas iyenebs. qar-Tul enaze aswavlian skolasa da universitetSi, muSaoben parlamentSi, weren leqsebs, moTxrobebs, ibeWdeba gazeTebi da a.S.

qarTul enas, romliTac wera-kiTxva mimdinareobs, qarTuli saliteratu-ro anu samwerlobo ena hqvia.

quCaSi, bazarSi, plaJze an sxvagan SeiZleba gavigonoT qarTul enaze sau-bari, romelic am samwerlobo enisagan gansxvavebulia. magaliTad, TuTis xis nacvlad SeiZleba vinmem Tqvas bJoli an bJola, qamris nacvlad bJanti, fu-tkris skis nacvlad bikvi, rkos nacvlad kurko da sxva. vinc bJoli Tqva is guriidan an aWaridan iqneba, xolo bJolas imereTSi, raWasa da leCxumSi amboben. aseve, bJants qarTlSi eZaxian qamars, bikvs ki skas leCxumSi, xolo kurkos rkos uwodeben mTiuleTsa da fSavSi.

saliteraturo enisagan gansxvavebul metyvelebas dialeqti hqvia. qar-Tul enas imdeni dialeqti aqvs, ramdeni mxarecaa. TiToeuli dialeqti am mxareSi mosaxmari saSinao qarTuli enaa.

qarTvelebis erT nawils Sin sasaubrod TavianTi enebic moepoveba. esenia megrul-Wanuri da svanuri. megrul-Wanuri erTmaneTis msgavsi enis ori dia-leqtisagan Sedgeba _ megrulisa da Wanurisagan. megruls samegreloSi da Wanurs WaneTSi gamoiyeneben. xolo svanuri ena svaneTSi ixmareba.

saqarTveloSi qarTvelebis garda cxovroben afxazebi, berZnebi, osebi, azerbaijanelebi, somxebi, rusebi, romlebsac TavianTi enebi aqvT da urTi-er T Soris am enebze saubroben. TiToeul am enaze saqarTveloSi gamodis ga-zeTebi, wignebi, idgmeba speqtaklebi. am enebze mosaubrenic saqarTvelos RviZli Svilebi arian da qarTuli ena maTTvisac Zvirfasia. maT qarTul enaze uwevT saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi muSaoba, universitetebSi swavla da sxva.

amdenad, qarTuli ena, marTalia, qarTvelebisTvis deda-enaa, magram saqar-TveloSi mcxovrebi yvela adamianisTvisac igi iseTive maxlobeli da saWiroa, rogorc samSoblo.

saerTo qarTveluri fuZeena

svanuri megrul-Wanuri qarTuli

wyaro 1. mecnierebi varaudoben, rom Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi ukve arsebobda saerTo qarTveluri ena. Zv. w. II aTaswleulSi mas gamoeyo svanuri, xolo Zv. w. I aTaswleulSi – megrul-Wanuri.

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tomi saerTo warmomavlobis adamianTa mcire krebu-lia, romelic erT mcire teritoriaze cxovrobs.diskriminacia adamianebis mi marT usamarTlo da uTanasworo mopyrobas niSnavs.protesti galaSqrebaa raimes winaaRmdeg.mitingi adamianTa didi Tavyrilobaa romelime sa-Wirboroto sakiTxze. religia zebunebrivi Zalebis rwmenaa.eTnosi adamianTa erTobaa, romelTac aqvT saerTo ena, kultura, tradicia da rwmena, eTnikuri ki eT-nosTanaa dakavSirebuli.

davaleba

■ moiZieT iakob gogebaSvilis `bunebis kari~. SearCieT er Ti romelime Tqven Tvis sainte-reso ambavi, gaacaniT igi klass da axseniT razea aq saubari. xom ar aris igi aqtualuri Ta-namedrove periodSic?

3 4

wyaro 2. deda enis Zegli da amave saxelobis baRi mdebareobs qalaq TbilisSi. 1978 wlis 14 aprils Catarda didi mitingi. momitingeebi iTxovdnen, rom qarTuli ena kvlav saxelmwifo enad darCeniliyo. saprotesto moTxovna Sesrulda. swo red am movlenis aRsaniSnavad am baRSi daidga deda enis Zegli, xolo baRs deda enis saxeli uwodes.

SeekiTxeT ufrosebs da gaarkvieT, ra iyo mizezi, rom qarTul enas saSiSroeba Seeqmna. Tqveni azriT, ramdenad swori iyo momitingeebis moT xovna?

wyaro 3-4. iakob gogebaSvili qarTuli sabavSvo literaturis fuZemdebelia. man Seadgina da gamosca pirveli qarTuli saxelmZRvanelo `deda ena~ da pirveli qarTu-li sakiTxavi wigni `bunebis kari~.

wyaro 5. saqarTvelos konstitucia. saqarTvelos moqalaqeni Tanasworni arian ganurCevlad maTi erovnuli, eT ni ku ri, religiuri Tu enobrivi kuTvni lebisa. maT ufleba aqvT Tavisuflad, yo velgvari diskriminaciisa da Carevis ga reSe ganaviTaron TavianTi kultura, isargeb lon deda eniT pirad cxovrebaSi da sajarod.

imuSaveT wyvilebSi da upasuxeT kiTxvebs.

■ CamoTvaleT yvela is erovneba, romelic saqar Tve loSi cxovrobs. gaakeTeT pre-zenta cia da erToblivad daadgineT sruli sia.■ ra uflebebi aqvT saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs mSob liuri enis gamoyenebasTan dakav-SirebiT? Tqveni azriT, ramdenad sruldeba konstituciis es moTxovna saqarTveloSi?

wyaro 6. gazeTi `droeba~, 1883 weliqarTuli ena sxvadasxva dros iyo sxvadasxva enebis gavlenis qveS. Cveni mwerlobi-sa da mecnierebis warmomadgenelni iZendnen swavla-ganaTlebas ucxo enebze ucxo qveynebSi. am garemoebas ar SeeZlo ar hqonoda gavlena Cvens mwerlobasa da enaze.

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Semajamebeli gakveTili

Cveni samSoblo

daiyaviT jgufebad da SeasruleT davaleba, romelic zogad warmodgenas Segviqmnis Cvens samSobloze.

I etapiI jgufis davaleba: ganvlili masalis da rukis gamoyenebiT erT svetad

CamowereT saqarTvelos mxarebi da daajgufeT mdebareobis mixedviT.mopovebuli informacia SeitaneT cxrilSi, romelic momzadebulia da-

faze.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mxareebi dasavleT saqarTvelos mxareebi

II jgufis davaleba: rukis gamoyenebiT moZebneT mdinareebi, CamowereT erT svetad. maswavleblis daxmarebiT daajgufeT imis mixedviT, romeli zRvis auzs miekuTvneba. prezentaciisaTvis SeavseT dafaze momzadebuli cxrili.

Savi zRvis auzis mdinareebi kaspiis zRvis auzis mdinareebi

imsjeleT, ra mizniT iyeneben mdinaris resursebs.

III jgufis davaleba: rukis gamoyenebiT amoiwereT mdinarispiras arse-buli dasaxlebebi da cxrilSi cal-calke daajgufeT qalaqebi da soflebi. imsjeleT, ra saqmianobiT aris dakavebuli qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleoba.

mdinaris piras arsebuli qalaqebi mdinaris piras arsebuli soflebi

IV jgufis davaleba: rukis gamoyenebiT daasaxeleT reliefis formebi – qedi, mTa, vake, dablobi. prezentaciisaTvis SeitaneT cxrilSi.

qedi mTa vake dablobi

V jgufis davaleba: maswavleblis daxmarebiT SeadgineT sqematuri ruka, sadac naCvenebi iqneba is ZiriTadi geografiuli obieqtebi, rac iwvevs havis da aqedan gamomdinare, meurneobis dargebis mravalferovnebas (Savi zRva, kavkasionis qedi, lixis qedi).

TiToeulma jgufma klass gaacnos Sesrulebuli samuSao.

II etapi

imuSaveT wyvilebSi. rukis gamoyenebiT moawyveT simulaciuri mogzauro-ba saberZneTidan Savi zRvis aRmosavlT sanapiromde (volosidan foTamde) TanamimdevrobiT CamoTvaleT sruteebi, romelsac gaivliT xmelTaSua zR-vidan Sav zRvaze gasasvlelad. Seadare `argonavtebis~ marSruts. moiyvaneT argumenti, riTac ganamtkicebT am marSrutis realobas.

III etapi

imuSaveT wyvilebSi. moZebneT Savi zRvis kurortebi da imsjeleT, ratom aris mimzidveli Savi zRvis sanapiro turistebisaTvis. gansazRvreT Savi zR-vis roli saqarTvelos sameurneo da kulturul cxovrebaSi.

Tqveni azriT, ra faqtorebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios Savi zRvis dabinZureba?namuSevari gaacaniT klass.

9 Cveni samSoblo