1

linearly supported

(i.e. pressure caps)

local edge supports

(clamps)

local points supports

(point fixing)

structural silicone

sealant - i.e. 2

sides

~10

to

20

min

t =

6 ~20 to 40 ~50 to 80 >20 [mm]

support pad

drainage

separating layer,

i.e. neoprene

hinge i.e. DC 993

frame

Supporting systems

2

2600

20

00

1

00

0

10

00

40

00

1150 150 150 1150

separating layer,

•EPDM

•20

12

toughened glass

clamp detail

80

self-weight

Example of locally clamped triple façade, outer glazing

panel

Supporting systems

3

fibre washer

steel washer

liner

soft neoprene washer to allow rotation

pig-nosed nut hand tight and glued

backing washer

Enhanced countersunk fixing – „spider“

• threaded backing washer enable to bolt to be installed with

predetermined torque

• flexible washers allow the bolt to rotate relatively to the brackets

Local point supports

4

Local point supports

allowance of movement of

pin within sub-structure load distribution section of point support with

hinge and wide hole

self-weight

wind load

„spid

er“

fix slot

wide

slot

wide slot

hole

wide

pin

low-friction material

Local point supports

5

6

point fixing must ensure restraint-free support in-plane and out-

of-plane of glass pane

IN-PLANE of glazing

•connection elements (spider) accommodate construction tolerances

between sub-structure and glass pane

•elements tolerate temperature movement

•fittings allow adjustment at least ± 10mm

fixed support vertical support

free support

system of fixed, vertical and free supports for restraint-free

accommodation

Local point supports

7

Deformations due to major loads can

cause a change in angle between the

glass and its suspension points local

stress around the hole

• Left: bending forces can be

created in the glass

• Right: special bolt – bending

forces are carried into the

support

Local point supports

8

OUT-OF-PLANE of glazing

• restraint-free, statically determinate

support out-of-plane is provided by

articulating fixing

• the greater distance between the hinge

or elastomeric joint and the plane of

glass pane, the greater are imposed

strains from eccentricity of joint

• greater imposed strains → thicker glass

• rigid connection leads to high local

stress peaks

hinge in or on the glass

hinge outside the glass

rigid non-hinged glass support

Local point supports

9

spherical bearing

liner

locking washer

Articulated bolts

• bolt with spherical bearing surface instead of standard bolt head

• spherical surface is seated in a bearing cup which is set into the

glass

• bolt is able to accommodate greater rotational movement of the

glass relative to the glazing support attachment

Local point supports

10

Glazing support attachments

sh

ims adjustment

adjustment

adjustment

A) welded angle bracket

B) welded cleat and bolted angle bracket

Angle brackets

A) angle bracket directly welded to

support structure

•simplest form of attachment

•adjustment is possible between only in one

direction

B) welded cleat and bolted angle bracket

•adjustment is possible between the angle

and the cleat in one, two or three direction by

•slotted or oversized holes + shims or

spacers

•between cleat and angel bracket amount of

packing = can be increased or decreased

cleats = “spring plates” because the ability to flex about narrow axis

11

adjustment

adjustment

sh

ims

serrated face for vertical adjustment

Spiders

A) Single brackets

• commonly locate onto single threaded stud or bolt

• adjustment parallel to plane of glazing is provided by sliding or

serrated details

• shims or spacers can be used for out-of-plane adjustment

• Increased or decreased amount of packing accommodate the

tolerances

Glazing support attachments

12

shims

adjustment

adjustment

B) Paired bracket

• commonly attached to cleats

• provide relatively high level of adjustment in the plane of the cleat

• shims between brackets and the fin allow adjustment perpendicular

to the plane of fin = this can vary distances between brackets and

hence width of joints between glazing panels

Glazing support attachments

13

20mm diameter hole in glass

6mm thick steel spreader plate

1mm thick non compressible fibre gasket

10mm toughened glass

1mm thick non compressible fibre gasket

nylon or hard plastic bush 2-3mm thick

M10 bolt torque to 30Nm

6mm thick steel spreader plate attached to structure

50mm diameter

Glazing support attachments

14

Glazing support attachments

15

Glazing support attachments

16

Panouri rezemate pe 2, 3, 4

sau mai multe laturi

Panouri rezemate in 4 sau mai

multe puncte

17

18