Curs 3 AEF

8
CAPI TOLUL 3 327(1 ,$/8/,17(51$/),50(, ø,(),&,(1 $87,/,= 5,,6$/( $QDOL]DSRWHQ LDOXOXLPDWHULDODOILUPHL œLDHILFLHQ HLXWLOL] ULLVDOH 3RWHQ LDOXOLQWHUQDOILUPHLœLPRGXOGHJHVWLRQDUHDODFHVWXLDUHSUH]LQW RFDOH LPSRUWDQW GH DVLJXUDUH D HILFLHQ HL HFRQRPLFH D DFWLYLW LL &HOH GRX FRPSRQHQWHPDMRUHDOHSRWHQ LDOXOXLLQWHUQVXQWPLMORDFHOHIL[HœLDFWLYHOHGH QDWXU FLUFXODQW 3.1.1 $QDOL]DPLMORDFHORUIL[HœLDHILFLHQ HLXWLOL] ULLDFHVWRUD ÌQ FHHD FH SULYHœWH mijloacele fixe RELHFWLYHOH GH ED] FDUH WUHEXLH DWLQVH SULQGHVI œXUDUHDSURFHVXOXLGHDQDOL] œLGLDJQR] VXQW - GHWHUPLQDUHD VW ULL WHKQLFH œL D JUDGXOXL GH X]XU IL]LF œL PRUDO D LPRELOL] ULORUFRUSRUDOH - GHWHUPLQDUHDFDSDFLW LLGHSURGXF LH vQ IXQF LXQHSUHFXPœLDJUDGXOXLGH XWLOL]DUHDDFHVWHLDvQH[HUFL LXOILQDQFLDUDQDOL]DW - IXQGDPHQWDUHDSROLWLFLLLQYHVWL LRQDOH (ILFLHQ DXWLOL] ULLPLMORDFHORUIL[H se poate comensura fie prin indicatorul SURGXF LH P UI RE LQXW OD OHL PLMORDFH IL[H, fie cu ajutorul indicatorului SURILW RE LQXW OD OHL PLMORDFH IL[H, ambii indicatori SXWkQGILGHVFRPSXœLIDFWRULDO 6FKHPD GH DQDOL] IDFWRULDO SUH]HQWDW PDL MRV LGHQWLILF IDFWRULL FDUH LQIOXHQ HD] SULPXO LQGLFDWRU 9DORDUHD PHGLH D PLMORDFHORU IL[H H[LVWHnte în SDWULPRQLXO ILUPHL DQDOL]DWH HVWH UH]XOWDWXO SROLWLFLL LQYHVWL LRQDOH D DFHVWHLD D YkQ] ULORU GH PLMORDFH IL[H HIHFWXDWH vQ FXUVXO SHULRDGHL D FDV ULORU HWF Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2 1

description

Aef master

Transcript of Curs 3 AEF

  • CAPI TOLUL 3 327(1 ,$/8/,17(51$/),50(,

    ,(),&,(1 $87,/,= 5,,6$/(

    $QDOL]DSRWHQ LDOXOXLPDWHULDODOILUPHL

    LDHILFLHQ HLXWLOL] ULLVDOH

    3RWHQ LDOXOLQWHUQDOILUPHLLPRGXOGHJHVWLRQDUHDODFHVWXLDUHSUH]LQW RFDOH

    LPSRUWDQW GH DVLJXUDUH D HILFLHQ HL HFRQRPLFH D DFWLYLW LL &HOH GRX

    FRPSRQHQWHPDMRUHDOHSRWHQ LDOXOXLLQWHUQVXQWPLMORDFHOHIL[HLDFWLYHOHGH

    QDWXU FLUFXODQW

    3.1.1 $QDOL]DPLMORDFHORUIL[HLDHILFLHQ HLXWLOL] ULLDFHVWRUD

    QFHHDFHSULYHWHmijloacele fixeRELHFWLYHOHGHED] FDUHWUHEXLHDWLQVHSULQGHVI XUDUHDSURFHVXOXLGHDQDOL] LGLDJQR] VXQW

    - GHWHUPLQDUHD VW ULL WHKQLFH L D JUDGXOXL GH X]XU IL]LF L PRUDO D

    LPRELOL] ULORUFRUSRUDOH

    - GHWHUPLQDUHDFDSDFLW LLGHSURGXF LHvQIXQF LXQHSUHFXPLDJUDGXOXLGH

    XWLOL]DUHDDFHVWHLDvQH[HUFL LXOILQDQFLDUDQDOL]DW

    - IXQGDPHQWDUHDSROLWLFLLLQYHVWL LRQDOH

    (ILFLHQ DXWLOL] ULLPLMORDFHORUIL[H se poate comensura fie prin indicatorul

    SURGXF LH P UI RE LQXW OD OHL PLMORDFH IL[H, fie cu ajutorul

    indicatorului SURILW RE LQXW OD OHL PLMORDFH IL[H, ambii indicatori

    SXWkQGILGHVFRPSXLIDFWRULDO

    6FKHPD GH DQDOL] IDFWRULDO SUH]HQWDW PDL MRV LGHQWLILF IDFWRULL FDUH

    LQIOXHQ HD] SULPXO LQGLFDWRU 9DORDUHDPHGLH DPLMORDFHORU IL[H H[LVWHnte n

    SDWULPRQLXOILUPHLDQDOL]DWHHVWHUH]XOWDWXOSROLWLFLL LQYHVWL LRQDOHDDFHVWHLDD

    YkQ] ULORU GH PLMORDFH IL[H HIHFWXDWH vQ FXUVXO SHULRDGHL D FDV ULORU HWF

    Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2

    1

    AdminTypewritten Text

  • (OLPLQDUHD vQWUHUXSHULORU DFFLGHQWDOH HIHFWXDUHD OD WLPS L GH FDOLWDWH D

    reviziilor tehQLFH L UHSDUD LLORU FDSLWDOH DVLJXUDUHD DSURYL]LRQ ULL ULWPLFH FX

    PDWHULL SULPH VXQW GRDU FkWHYDGLQP VXULOH FDUH JHQHUHD] HIHFWHEHQHILFH

    DVXSUD WLPSXOXL GH IXQF LRQDUH D XWLODMHORU 7 Q FHHD FH SULYHWH

    randamentul orar acesta este dependent direcW GH JHQHUD LD GH PLMORDFH

    SURGXFWLYHDYXWH ODGLVSR]L LHGHQLYHOXOFDOLILF ULLSURIHVLRQDOHDSHUVRQDOXOXL

    operativ etc.

    3.1.2 $QDOL]DDFWLYHORUFLUFXODQWHLDHILFLHQ HLXWLOL] ULLDFHVWRUD

    Analiza stocurilor, FRPSRQHQWDVHPQLILFDWLY DDFWLYHORUGHQDWXU FLUFXODQW vQ VHFWRDUHOH vQ FDUH VSHFLILFXO DFWLYLW LL GHWHUPLQ YDORUL LPSRUWDQWH DOH

    DFHVWRUDFXPDUILVHFWRDUHOHFXFLFOX OXQJGHIDEULFD LHFRQVWUXF LLQDYDOH

    mijloace de transport aeriene pe cale ferDW HWF XQGH SURGXF LD vQ FXUV GH

    H[HFX LH L YDORDUHD VHPLIDEULFDWHORU VXQW PDUL VDX GLVWULEX LD P UIXULORU L

    DFWLYLW LOH GH QDWXU FRPHUFLDO XUP UHWH VXEOLQLHUHD GLQDPLFLL L VWUXFWXULL

    acestora.

    0XWD LLOH GH RUGLQ VWUXFWXUDO VXUYHQLWH vQ FDGUXO stocurilor pot fi puse n

    HYLGHQ FX DMXWRUXO PHWRGHL 3DUHWWR $%& PHWRGD SUH]HQWDW SH ODUJ vQ

    FDGUXO DQDOL]HL VWUXFWXUDOH D FLIUHL GH DIDFHUL 'HL UHODWLY VXPDU DFHDVW

    PHWRG DUH PHQLUHD GH D IRFDOL]D SURFHVXO GH JHVWLXQH D VWRFXULORU F WUH

    3URGXF LDPDUI la 1.000 lei mijloace

    fixe

    Valoarea medie a mijloacelor

    fixe 0I

    3URGXF LH PDUI RE LQXW 4

    Timpul total de IXQF LRQDUH

    a

    utilajelor 7

    Randamentul orar al utilajelor 5K

    X

    Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2

    2

  • categoriile importante componente. Obiectivul major l constituie prevenirea

    IRUP ULL VWRFXULORU VXSUDQRUPDWLYH VWRFXUL FDUH DWUDJ LPRELOL] UL ILQDQFLDUH

    excesive, diminundu-VH DVWIHO UHQWDELOLWDWHD DFWLYLW LL L SHULFOLWkGX-se

    echilibrul financiar al firmei.

    6WRFXULOHGHVLJXUDQ

    6WRFXOGHVLJXUDQ DVHGHWHUPLQ vQFRQGL LLOHYDULDELOLW LLFHUHULLSHED]D

    formulei:

    S = t x s x y

    n care:

    t FRHILFLHQWGHFRUHF LHGHWHUPLQDWvQIXQF LHGHQLYHOXOVHUYLFLLORURIHULWH

    s DEDWHUHDPHGLHS WUDWLF DYkQ] ULORUHIHFWLYH[ID GHFHOHPHGLL[P

    s = n

    )xmx( 2

    n QXP UXOGHSHULRDGH

    y UDSRUWXOGLQWUHWHUPHQXOGHUHDSURYL]LRQDUHLLQWHUYDOXODQDOL]DW

    6WRFXOGHVLJXUDQ EFDUHVHFDOFXOHD] vQFRQGL LLOHQHULWPLFLW LL LQWU ULORU

    GHP UIXULSHED]DIRUPXOHL

    S = 1

    n

    st n care

    s DEDWHUHDPHGLHSDWUDWLF DLQWU ULORUHIHFWLYH]ID GHFHOHPHGLL]P

    s = n

    )zmz( 2 n QXP UXOGHSHULRDGH

    6WRFXOWRWDOGHVLJXUDQ HVWHVXPDFHORUGRX VWRFXULSUH]HQWDWHPDLVXV

    S = S + S

    Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2

    3

  • $QDOL]D HILFLHQ HL XWLOL] ULL VWRFXULORU VH UHDOL]HD] FX DMXWRUXO

    indicatorului denumit YLWH]DGHURWD LHDVWRFXULORU, calculat ca raport ntre

    YDORDUHDPHGLHDVWRFXULORUGLQFXUVXOSHULRDGHLDQDOL]DWH6Lcifra de afaceri

    QHW &$ - I U 79$ UDSRUW PXOWLSOLFDW FX QXP UXO GH ]LOH DO SHULRDGHL

    respective (T):

    Vrs = TCAS

    (zile)

    9DORDUHDLQGLFDWRUXOXLSRDWHILDSUHFLDW DWkWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHGLQDPLFFkW

    LVWUXFWXUDOSHJUXSHGHP Ufuri).

    $QDOL]D FUHDQ HORU FRPSRUW GH DVHPHQHD XWLOL]DUHD GLQDPLFLL FkW L D

    structurii. Astfel, DQDOL]DVWUXFWXUDO LGHQWLILF JUDGXOGHGHSHQGHQ ID GH

    DQXPL L FOLHQ L DL ILUPHL FRQFHQWUHD] SROLWLFD FRPHUFLDO D DFHVWHLD

    DFRUGDUHDGH IDFLOLW LGHSODW HWF8QDOWFULWHULXXWLO DQDOL]HL ILQDQFLDUH vO

    UHSUH]LQW FHODOYHFKLPLL FUHDQ HORU vQFDX] GHOLPLWkQGX-se patru categorii:

    FUHDQ HVXEGH]LOHQRUPDOHFUHDQ HFXRYHFKLPHFXSULQV vQWUHL

    GH]LOHFUHDQ HvQWUHLGH]LOHLvQVIkULWFUHDQ HPDLYHFKLGHGH

    zile.

    $QDOL]DGHHILFLHQ HVWHGHVI XUDW SULQ LQWHUPHGLXO LQGLFDWRUXOXLperioada PHGLH GH UHFXSHUDUH D FUHDQ HORU, determinat prin raportarea soldului

    PHGLXDOFRQWXULORUGHFUHDQ HODYDORDUHDQHW DYkQ] ULORUUHDOL]DWHGHF WUH

    HQWLWDWHD HFRQRPLF UH]XOWDWXO ILLQG vQPXO LW FX GXUDWD vQ ]LOH D SHULRDGHL

    considerate:

    Prc = TCAC

    (zile)

    $FFHOHUDUHD ULWPXOXL GH vQFDVDUH D FUHDQ HORU HVWH GH QDWXU V GHWHUPLQH

    eliberarea de surse financiare ceea ce are efecte benefice asupra echilibrului

    ILQDQFLDUDIOX[XOXLGHWUH]RUHULHLQLYHOXOXLGHSURILWDELOLWDWHDDIDFHULL

    Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2

    4

  • 3.2 $QDOL]DSRWHQ LDOXOXLXPDQDOILUPHLLDHILFLHQ HLXWLOL] ULLVDOH

    3.2.1 $QDOL]DGLQDPLFLLVWUXFWXULLLPRELOLW LLIRU HLGHPXQF

    $QDOL]DGLQDPLF D UHVXUVHORUXPDQHSXQHvQHYLGHQ PXWD LLOHGHQDWXU

    FDQWLWDWLY VXUYHQLWH vQFDGUXODFHVWHLFRPSRQHQ H LPSRUWDQWHDSRWHQ LDOXOXL

    LQWHUQ DO ILUPHL $VWIHO GLPLQXDUHD QXP UXOXL PHGLX GH VDODULD L SRDWH IL

    rezultatul unorFDX]HGHQDWXU RELHFWLY VDXVXELHFWLY GHWLSXO

    - UHVWUkQJHULL DFWLYLW LL FD HIHFW GLUHFW DO OXSWHL FRQFXUHQ LDOH DO UHGXFHULL

    cererii solvabile etc.;

    - H[LVWHQ HL XQRU GHILFLHQ H vQ VLVWHPXO GH FRLQWHUHVDUH PDWHULDO D

    DQJDMD LORUVDXFKLDUOLSVDDFHVWXia;

    - FUHWHULL JUDGXOXL GH vQ]HVWUDUH WHKQLF D PXQFLL DFKL]L LRQDUHD XQRU

    WHKQRORJLLSHUIRUPDQ HHWF

    Analiza de ordin structural D UHVXUVHORU XPDQH XWLOL]HD] GUHSW FULWHULLprincipale:

    SURIHVLDH[HUFLWDW

    QLYHOXOGHSUHJ WLUHSURIHVLRQDO

    grupele de vrsta etc.

    $SUHFLHUHDPRELOLW LLSHUVRQDOXOXL1VHUHDOL]HD] SULQLQWHUPHGLXOLQGLFDWRULORU

    A. FRHILFLHQWXOLQWHQVLW LLLQWU ULORUGHSHUVRQDO determinat ca raport

    vQWUHQXP UXOGHSHUVRDQHDQJDMDWH vQFXUVXOSHULRDGHLLQXP UXOPHGLX

    GHVDODULD L;

    B. FRHILFLHQWXO LQWHQVLW LL LHLULORUGHSHUVRQDO determinat ca raport

    vQWUHQXP UXOVDODULD LORULHL LGLQILUP LQXP UXOPHGLXGHVDODULD L

    C. FRHILFLHQWXOPLF ULLWRWDOH RE LQXWSULQUDSRUWDUHDVXPHLLQWU ULORULD

    LHLULORUvQUHJLVWUDWHvQFXUVXOSHULRDGHLODQXP UXOPHGLXGHSHUVRQDO

    D. gradul de stabilitate GHWHUPLQDWSHED]DUHOD LHL

    Gs = 1 MT, unde:

    Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2

    5

  • MT PLFDUHDWRWDO LQWU ULLHLUL

    2 YDORDUH DSURSLDW GH LQGLF XQ JUDG GH VWDELOLWDWH ULGLFDW DVSHFW

    considerat favorabil.

    3.2.2 $QDOL]DIDFWRULDO DHILFLHQ HLXWLOL] ULLUHVXUVHORUXPDQH

    &HLGRL LQGLFDWRULUHOHYDQ L vQDSUHFLHUHDHILFLHQ HLXWLOL] ULLSRWHQ LDOXOXLXPDQ

    sunt productivitatea munciiLUHVSHFWLYSURILWXORE LQXWSHVDODULDW.

    0RGHOXO IDFWRULDO GH DQDOL] D SURGXFWLYLW LL PXQFLL HVWH LOXVWUDW GH VFKHP

    XUP WRDUH

    Exemplu

    3HQWUX LOXVWUDUHDPHWRGRORJLHLGHWLSIDFWRULDOX]LWDW vQDQDOL]DSURGXFWLYLW LL

    PXQFLLDGPLWHPXUP WRDUHDED] LQIRUPD LRQDO

    Denumire indicator Unitate de P VXU

    20

    Durata medie a zilei de lucru Ore/zi 7,8 7,9

    1XP UPHGLXGH]LOHOXFUDWHSHDQ ZileDQ 235

    3URGXFWLYLWDWHDPHGLHRUDU DPXQFLL /HLRU 15.000 17.500

    3URGXFWLYLWDWHDPHGLHUHFDOFXODW /HLRU X 16.800

    Pe baza datelor prezentate n tabel se pot determina:

    ProductivitateaDQXDO

    a muncii :D

    1XP UXO

    PHGLXde]LOHOXFUDWH

    Productivitatea ]LOQLF

    a muncii:]

    DurataPHGLHa ]LOHLGHlucru1K

    Productivitatea RUDU

    a muncii:K

    x

    Productivitatea la nivelul produsului:KL

    Structura

    SURGXF LHLJL

    pe an ']

    Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2

    6

  • - SURGXFWLYLWDWHD]LOQLF vQDQXO

    Wz0 = Nh0 x Wh0 [ OHLSHUVRDQ

    - Productivitatea zilnica n anul :

    Wz1 = Nh1 x Wh1 [ OHLSHUVRDQ

    - Productivitatea anuala a muncii n anul 1999:

    Wa0 = Dz0 x Wz0 [ PLLOHLSHUVRDQ

    - Productivitatea anuala a muncii n anul :

    Wa1 = Dz1 x Wz1 [ PLLOHLSHUVRDQ

    QFRQVHFLQ YDULD LDSURGXFWLYLW LLDQXDOHDPXQFLL n perioada

    a fost de:

    W = Wa1 - Wa0 = 32.488,75 mii lei/p 28.080 mii lei/p = + 4.408,75 mii

    lei/p

    'HWHUPLQDUHDLQIOXHQ HORUIDFWRULORU

    ,QIOXHQ DGLQDPLFLLQXP UXOXLPHGLXGH]LOHOXFUDWHSHDQ

    W(Dz) = (Dz1 - Dz0 ) x Wz0 = (-5) x 117.000 = -PLLOHLSHUVRDQ

    ,QIOXHQ DGLQDPLFLLSURGXFWLYLW LL]LOQLFHDPXQFLL

    W (Wz) = Dz1 x (Wz1 - Wz0 [ PLLOHLSHUVRDQ

    din care:

    2.1 LQIOXHQ DGXUDWHLPHGLLD]LOHLGHOXFUX

    W(Nh) = Dz1 x (Nh1 - Nh0 ) x Wh0 = 235 x 0,1 x 15.000 =

    PLLOHLSHUVRDQ

    2.2 LQIOXHQ DSURGXFWLYLW LLPHGLLRUDUHDPXQFLL

    W(Nh) = Dz1 x Nh1 x (Wh1 - Wh0) = 235 x 7,9 x 2.500 =

    PLLOHLSHUVRDQ GLQFDUH

    2.2.1 LQIOXHQ DVWUXFWXULLSURGXF LHL

    W(gi) = Dz1 x Nh1 x (Wh - Wh0) = 235 x 7,9 x 1.800 =

    PLLOHLSHUVRDQ

    Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2

    7

  • 2.2.2 LQIOXHQ DSURGXFWLYLW LLRUDUHDPXQFLLSHSURGXVHJUXSHGH

    produse):

    W(Whi) = Dz1 x Nh1 x (Wh1 Wh) = 235 x 7,9 x 700 =

    PLLOHLSHUVRDQ

    )DFWRULLGHQDWXU HFRQRPLF FDUHLQIOXHQ HD] QLYHOXOSURGXFWLYLW LLPXQFLL

    SRWILJUXSD LvQGRX FDWHJRULLGHED]

    1. factori extensivi: - la nivelul duratei medii a zilei de lucru:

    - reducerea ntreruperilor accidentale;

    - HOLPLQDUHDGHILFLHQ HORUvQID]DGHDSURYL]LRQDUHFXPDWHULLSUime

    LXWLOLW LHQHUJLHHOHFWULF FRPEXVWLELOLHWF

    - ODQLYHOXOQXP UXOXLPHGLXGH]LOHOXFUDWHSHDQ

    - HIHFWXDUHDSRWULYLWSODQXOXLDUHYL]LLORUWHKQLFHUHSDUD LLORU

    capitale;

    - SXQHUHDODWLPSvQIXQF LXQHDLQYHVWL LLORUSODQLILFDWH

    - eliminarea confliFWHORUGHPXQF JUHYHHWF

    2. factori intensivi:

    - DFKL]L LRQDUHDGHWHKQRORJLLGHSURFHVVDXGHSURGXVSHUIRUPDQWH

    - FUHWHUHDJUDGXOXLGHSUHJ WLUHSURIHVLRQDO DIRU HLGHPXQF

    - DSOLFDUHDXQXLVLVWHPHILFLHQWGHFRLQWHUHVDUHPDWHULDO

    - UHDOL]DUHDIXQF LHLGHFRQWUROvQFRQGL LLRSWLPH

    Analiza economico-financiara aprofundata - curs Master AAPA, anul I, semestrul 2

    8

    CAPITOLUL 33.1 Analiza potentialului material al firmei si eficientei utilizarii saB3.1.1 Analiza mijloacelor fixe si a eficientei utilizarii acestora3.1.2 analiza activelor circulante si a eficientei utilizarii acestoraR

    3.2 Analiza potentialului uman al firmei si eficientei utilizarii sale3.2.1 Analiza dinamicii, structurii si mobilitatii fortei de munca3.2.2 Analiza factoriala a eficientei utilizarii resurselor umane