CURRICULUM VITAE NOMBRE Liisa Lukkari North DIRECCIÓN 206-71 Charles St. East Toronto, ON, M4Y 2T3

Teléfono: 416-925-8734 FECHA Y LUGAR DE NACIMIENTO 18 de Julio 1940, Sotkamo, Finlandia CIUDADANÍA Doble Ciudadanía, Canadiense-Estadounidense EDUCACIÓN

LICENCIATURA Boston University, Boston, Mass., 1962.

Campo de Estudio: Literatura Francesa Especialización: Gobierno

Université Laval, Quebec, P.Q., Curso Intensivo de Verano en Literatura y Lengua Francesa, 1961.

MAESTRÍA University of California, Berkeley, California, 1964.

Ciencias Políticas

DOCTORADO University of California, Berkeley, California, 1973.

Ciencias Políticas TESIS

MAESTRÍA Un Sistema de Partidos en América Latina

DOCTORADO Los Orígenes y Desarrollo del Partido Político Peruano: Aprista IDIOMAS Finlandés: hablado y lectura Español: hablado, lectura, y escrito Francés: lectura Italiano y Portugués: Conocimiento Básico CARGO ACTUAL

Profesora, Emérita, del Departamento de Ciencias Políticas, York University, 2004 – hasta la actualidad, Centro de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CERLAC) CARGOS Y ACTIVIDADES DE ENSEÑANZA, ADMINISTRACIÓN, E INVESTIGACIÓN Miembro: Proyecto Políticas de Modernización. David Apter, Director. Instituto de Estudios Internacionales, University of California, Berkeley. Asistente de Investigación del Profesor Torcuato di Tella and José Nun. Febrero 1966 - Agosto 1967. Asistente del Comité del Centro de Estudios sobre América Latina. University of California, Berkeley, Septiembre 1967 - Julio 1968. Profesora, Departmento de Ciencias Políticas, University of California, Berkeley, 1970-71. Conferencista, Departmento de Ciencias Políticas, York University, 1971-74. Enseñanza de Postgrado y Supervisión de tesis de Maestría y Doctorado, 1973 - . Organizadora del Programa y Actividades, Programa de Estudios de América Latina y el Caribe, York University, 1973-76. Profesora Asistente, Departamento de Ciencias Políticas, York University, 1974-76. Profesora Asociada, Departmento de Ciencias Políticas, York University, 1976-1990. Presidenta, Ontario Programa Cooperativo de Estudios América Latina y el Caribe (OCPLACS), 1978-1980. Directora encargada, Centro de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CERLAC), York University, 1978-81 and 1982-83. Supervisora de las colecciones sobre políticas y de los estudiantes graduados en CERLAC Centro de Documentación, 1980- .

Directora Interina, Centro de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CERLAC), York University, 1981-82. Administradora de CERLAC, “Programa de Entrenamiento en el análisis de los pequeños mercados andinos” auspiciado por FLACSO-Ecuador and CERLAC, con la cooperación de DESCO (Lima, Perú), CINEP (Bogotá, Colombia) y CERES (La Paz, Bolivia). Financiado por la Agencia Canadiense de Desarrollo Internacional (CIDA), Agosto 1981 - Abril 1984.

Presidenta, Asociación Canadiense de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe, 1983-85. Investigadora Asociada, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Quito,

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Ecuador, Diciembre 1983 - Abril 1984. Investigadora Asociada, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP), Lima, Perú, Junio-Agosto 1986. Coordinadora del Programa, Canadá-El Caribe-América Central Políticas Alternativas (CAPA), Centro Jesuita de fe y de la Justicia Social, Toronto, 1987-88. Directora, Centro de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CERLAC), York University, 1989-1991. Profesora, Departamento de Ciencias Políticas, York University, 1991-2004. Co-directora para CERLAC de CERLAC-FLACSO-Ecuador Proyecto de Entrenamiento Cooperativo y Desarrollo Institucional en "Recursos Humanos para la Planificación del Desarrollo Innovador en la Región Andina” financiado por la Agencia Canadiense de Desarrollo Internacional (CIDA), 1989 - 1995. Investigadora Visitante, FLACSO- Sede Ecuador, Enero-Abril 1997, Enero-Mayo 1998, y Febrero-Mayo 1999, Febrero-Abril 2000, Febrero-Marzo 2006 (Investigación sobre los impactos en la economía liberal y participación en el Seminario de Postgrado sobre experiencias locales de desarrollo. Profesora Visitante, FLACSO-Ecuador, Programa Interdiscilplinario de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales, Marzo-Abril 2005; Enero-Marzo 2007, Enero-Marzo 2010 ; Programa de Maestría en Desarrollo Local y Territorio (Desarrollo rural y Territorio), Enero-Marzo 2011. Profesor Visitante, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar (UASB), Quito, Ecuador, Marzo-Abril 2010. Productora Asociada, “Under Rich Earth” / “Bajo Suelos Ricos”, un documental sobre el conflicto entre la agricultura comunitaria y la Compañía Canadiense de Explotación Minera en el norte del Ecuador. Estreno en el Festival Internacional de Toronto (TIFF), Septiembre 2008; noche de estreno en el 19no Festival de Filme Anual un Mundo One World Film Festival en Ottawa, Octubre 21, 2008; otros festivales en Toronto, Ottawa, and Winnipeg en Canadá, y Múnich en Alemania. HONORES Miembro elegido de Phi Beta Kappa & Phi Sigma Iota, como estudiante en Boston University. Licenciatura - summa cum laude. Premio Pío Jaramillo Alvarado en Ciencias Sociales, otorgado anualmente por FLACSO-Ecuador, con CONESUP y UNESCO, por las contribuciones al conocimiento sobre la Región Andina, Abril 2005.

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Miembro: Canadian Pugwash. PREMIOS Y BECAS: Licenciatura: Becas en Boston University: 1958-60 y 1961-62. Beca Phi Beta Kappa: 1960-61. Como Graduada: Beca Woodrow Wilson: 1962-63. Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos de Becas (Berkeley): 1965-66. Ford Foundation Foreign Area Fellowship, 1968-70. Post Graduada: Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades Consejo de Investigaciones de Canadá, Premios en investigación, 1975-76 (en colaboración con José Nun, Departmento de Economía Política, University of Toronto); 1985-87; and 1997-2000 (en colaboración con Louis Lefeber, Economía, York University). Consejo Canadiense de Investigación sobre Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (SSHRCC) Leave Fellowship, 1976-77 and 1983-84. Consejo Canadiense de Investigación sobre Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (SSHRCC) Subvenciones de ayuda a Conjunta Seminarios Internacionales: Junio 1980, Mayo 1981, y Septiembre 1982; "Aid to Occasional Research Conferences and International Congresses in Canada" (con Alan Simmons): 1995; “Aid to Research Workshops and Conferences in Canada Grant,” 2009 (“Rethinking Extractive Industry”). Consejo Canadiense de Investigación sobre Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades (SSHRCC) "Small Grants", Verano 1989, Verano 1993, Verano 1995, and Verano 2001. Centro de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CERLAC), Small Grant, Verano 1978. Facultad de Artes Minor Research Grant, York University, Verano 1979, Verano 1984, Verano l989, Verano 1993, y Verano 1995. Asociación Canadiense de Estudios sobre América Latina y el Caribe (CALACS) Ayuda de viaje, Verano l984. Ad Hoc Fondo de Investigación, Ayuda de viaje, York University, 1985. Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security (CIIPS), 1987-1988: $86,000.00 para investigación, public education, and conference organization program on "Canadian Policy Options for Promoting Peace and Security in Central America", housed at the Jesuit Centre for Social Faith and Justice, Toronto, and second Grant (with David Dewitt/York Political Science) 1990-91. Agencia Canadiense de Desarrollo Internacional (CIDA), 1989-1995: $950,000.00 por los primeros cinco años y $86,000.00 por seis meses extendidos para educación en “Recursos Humanos para

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Planificación del Desarrollo de la Región Andina” for six month extension for graduate education to train "Human Resources for Innovative Development Planning in the Andean Region", en FLACSO-Ecuador con el apoyo de CERLAC, York University. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Major Research Grant, 1997-2000 (con Louis Lefeber), $64,000.00. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Conference Grant, ¨Rethinking Extractive Industry: Regulation, Dispossession, and Emerging Claims¨, held Marzo 2009. OTRAS ACTIVIDADES Evaluación de Artículos:

Canadian Journal of Political Science Canadian Journal of Development Studies Hispanic American Historical Review ICONOS, journal of FLACSO-Ecuador Journal of Agrarian Change Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs Latin American Research Review Latin American & Caribbean Ethnic Studies North/South: Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies

Studies in Political Economy The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology World Development

Evaluación de manuscritos: Between The Lines, Development Education Center, Toronto; Social Science Federation of Canada; University of British Colombia Press; University of Toronto Press. Book Review Editor, North/South: Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 1979-1983. Member, Editorial Board, 1983-1991, of the Journal. Organizational Secretary, Marxist Perspectives, 1978-80. Evaluación: Research projects on Latin America for: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC), Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars - Latin American Program, and other agencies. Canadian Political Science Association (CPSA): organization of "Comparative Politics: Third World" sessions for Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, 1979 and Member, Board of Directors, 1982-84. Canadian Association for Latin American Studies (CALAS/ACELA), Member of Executive Committee, 1979-81. Coordinadora Local: Organization of the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS/ACELAC), York University, May 14-17, 1980 and

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October 11-14, 1990. Ontario Cooperative Program in Latin American and the Caribbean Studies (OCPLACS): York University Latin American and Caribbean Area Studies Program Representative to the Library and Executive Committees -- alternate 1973-75; Member of Executive Committee, 1975-76; 1977-78; 1980-1990. Miembro: Canadian-Latin American Committee for organizing the visit of the 1980 Nobel Peace Laureata Adolfo Perez Esquivel to Canada, 1981. Miembro: Canadian Selection Committee for Scholarships offered to Canadian students by Foreign Governments, administered by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC), January 1985. Miembro: Planning Committee and Participant, "Roundtable on Negotiations for Peace in Central America," September 27-28, 1985, "Roundtable on Interim and Confidence Building Measures in Central America", May 8-9, 1987, and "Roundtable on Peace and Reconstruction in Central America: Choices for Canada", May 5-6, 1989, Ottawa. Variously and jointly sponsored by CAPA, CERLAC, and CALACS with the support of the Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security (CIIPS), the Department of External Affairs of the Government of Canada, and various NGOs and church related agencies. Co-organizadora, Conference on "Peasants and Rural Transformation in Latin America: The Question of Ethnic and Class Relations", Founders College, February 27 - March 1, 1986. Co-organizadora (with Alan Simmons), Research Conference on "Refugee Return, Power, and Transformation in Guatemala", CERLAC and Centre for Refugee Studies, York University, October 12-14, 1995 with support form SSHRCC. Miembro: Advisory Committee for "York-URACCAN Linkage Project" to upgrade teaching capacity at URACCAN (the Autonomous University of the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua). Financed by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), 1996-2001. Taught first course of the York University accredited M.A. program in Interdisciplinary Studies on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua, Puerto Cabezas/Bilwi, Febrero 9-27, 1998. Miembro: Implementation team for program to enhance communication and networking capacities among civil society organizations involved in the Central American Integration System (SICA), undertaken by SICA General Secretariat with support from CERLAC/York and financed by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), 1996 -- 2000. Representative of the Secretary General of FLACSO-Latin America, Wilfredo Lozano, in the selection committee (Jurado del Concurso) for the first “Pio Jaramillo Alvarado” award for the most significant contribution to scholarship and publication in Ecuador, April 1998.

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Miembro: Implementation team, “Catholic University of Temuco, Chile-York University Linkage Project: Strengthening a Centre for Sustainable Rural Development in Chile”, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), UPCDP Tier 2 Project, 2000-2005. As part of project, presentations at a week of workshops in Temuco in November 2002 and design of long distance education module on economic development (with John Cameron, PhD candidate, Political Science) during January-March 2003. Miembro: Organizing committee, Conference on “Violence and Peace-Building in Colombia”, CERLAC and The Nathanson Centre, York University, May 24-25, 2001. Miembro: Organizing committee, Conference on “Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America: Community rights and Corporate Responsibility”, organized by CERLAC jointly with MiningWatch Canada, May 9-11, 2002 with funding from CIDA. Miembro: Organizing committee, Conference on “Indigenous Struggles in the Americas: Land, Autonomy, and Recognition,” organized by the University Consortium on the Global South (UCGS) and CERLAC, with funding from CIDA and IDRC. Organized with the collaboration of the Aboriginal Student Association at York University and the Native Canadian Centre of Toronto; set up of conference and related papers web site: http:/www.ucgs.yorku.ca/Indigenous%20conference%20program.htm Evaluación: Research report on “Movimiento indígena ecuatoriano, gobierno territorial local y desarrollo económico: los casos del Gobierno Municipal de Cotacachi y del Gobierno Provincial de Cotopaxi, for Programa Movimientos Sociales, Gobernanza Ambiental y Desarrollo Territorial Rural, RIMISP, Santiago, Chile and Quito, Ecuador, December 2005-January 2006. Testimony to working groups on social and economic solidarity policy and organization of Ecuador’s Constitutional Convention (Asamblea Nacional Constituyente), Montecristi, March 5-7, 2008. Associate Producer, “Under Rich Earth”/”Bajo Suelos Ricos”, Documentary film on conflict between a Canadian mining corporation and the communities of the Intag Valley in Northern Ecuador. Premiered at “Toronto Film Festival”, September 10, 2008 and screened at festivals in Ecuador, Mexico, Brazil, Germany, and the United States, with support from United Automobile Workers (UAW), Inter-Pares, Canadian National Film Board, and Ontario Arts Council, among others. Miembro: Organizing Committee, “Rethinking Extractive Industry: Regulation, Dispossession, and Emerging Claims”, 30th Anniversary Conference of CERLAC, March 5-7, 2009, with support from CIDA, IDRC, and SSHRCC. Evaluación: (with John Harris) of the MA Program in Globalization and International Development (MDG) of the University of Ottawa for the Ontario Council of Graduate Education, 2010, with on site visit, October 4-5.

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¨Experto Invitado¨ (one of 22 Invited Experts) for ̈ conversation¨ on ̈ El Plan del Buen Vivir Rural en el Eje Productivo¨, organized by Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo (SENPLADES) of the Government of Ecuador, January 26, 2011. P U B L I C A C I O N E S LIBROS Y MONOGRAFÍAS (*refereed journal) Civil-Military Relations in Argentina, Chile and Peru (Berkeley: University of California Press, Institute of International Studies, Politics of Modernization Series, 1966), pp. 86.

A section of the monograph was reprinted as "Apra and the Ideology of the Military in Peru", in Paul E. Sigmund (ed.), Models of Political Change in Latin America (New York: Praeger, 1970). Co-editor & co-author of Introductory Essay (with Louis Lefeber), Democracy and Development in Latin America (Toronto: Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CERLAC) with the Latin American Research Unit (LARU), 1980), pp. 193. ISBN 0-9690553-0-7. Co-author (with Tanya Korovkin), The Peruvian Revolution and the Officers in Power, 1968-1976 (Montreal: McGill University Developing Area Centre, 1981), pp. 136. ISBN 0-88819-049-2. Earlier version published as Perspectives on Development Policy and Mass Participation in the Peruvian Armed Forces (Washington: Wilson Center Latin American Program Working Paper 22, 1979). Bitter Grounds: The Roots of Revolt in El Salvador (Toronto: Between the Lines, 1982), pp. 110; Appendices, pp. xxxiv. ISBN 0-919946-24-0 (bound); ISBN 0-919946-25-9 (pbk). A synthesis and sections of the book are published as "El Salvador: The Origins of the Civil War" in Studies in Political Economy* (Spring 1982) and in LARU Studies (Vol. 5, No.1, September 1982). Second edition with "update" chapter (1985), ISBN 0-919946-60-7 (bound); ISBN 0-919946-61-5 (pbk.).

First version of Update chapter also published in Peter Blanchard and Peter Landstreet (eds.), Human Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean (Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 1989), pp. 57-81. Both editions published and distributed in the United States and England by Zed Press.

Sections of the book reprinted in Jack A. Goldstone (ed.), Revolutions: Theoretical, Comparative and Historical Studies (Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986), pp. 195-205.

Editor, author of chapter 2, and co-author of chapters 1 and 3, Between War and Peace in Central America: Choices for Canada (Toronto: Between the Lines, 1990), pp. 287. ISBN 0-921284-20–9 (bound); ISBN 0-921284-21-7 (pbk). Co-editor and co-author of Introduction and Conclusion (with Alan B. Simmons), Journeys of Fear: Refugee Return and National Transformation in Guatemala (Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1999), pp. 337. ISBN 0-7735-1861-4 (bound).

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Co-editor (with John Cameron), author of 3 chapters, and co-author of 1 chapter, Rural Progress, Rural Decay: Neo-liberal adjustment policies and local initiatives (Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2003), pp. 268. ISBN-1-56549-170-X (pbk); ISBN 1-56549-171-8 (hardcover). Co-editor (with Timothy David Clark and Viviana Patroni) and co-author of Introduction (with T.D. Clark), Community Rights and Corporate Responsibility. Canadian Mining and Oil Companies in Latin America (Toronto: Between the Lines, 2006), pp. 253. ISBN 1-897071-10-8 (pbk). Co-editor (with John Cameron), author of 3 chapters, and co-author of 1 chapter, updated and expanded Spanish edition of above, Desarrollo rural y neolliberalismo. Ecuador desde una perspectiva comparativa. (Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional & Universidad Andina Simon Bolívar, 2008), pp. 310. CEN: 978-9978-84-470-0 (paperback) Co-author (with Luciano Martínez), “Vamos Dando La Vuelta”. Productividad y Desarrollo Rural Local en la Sierra Ecuatoriana (Quito: FLACSO, 2009), pp. 116. Co-editor (team of 6), Rethinking Extractive Industry: Regulation, Dispossession and Emerging Claims, double issue of Canadian Journal of Development Sutdies, Vol. XXX, No. 1-2, 2010, pp. 339, and co-author of Introduction (with Eduardo Canel and Uwafiokun Idemudia), pp. 5-30. ARTÍCULOS Y CAPÍTULOS EN LIBROS (*Revista) "Orígenes y crecimiento del partido Aprista Peruano y el cambio socio-económico en el Perú," Desarrollo Económico* (Buenos Aires, Vol. 10, No. 38, July-September 1970), pp. 163-214. "The Military in Chilean Politics," Studies in Comparative International Development* (Vol. XI, No. 1, Spring 1976), pp. 73106. Also reprinted in: Abraham F. Lowenthal (ed.), Armies and Politics in Latin America (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1976); Revista Mexicana de Sociología* (Mexico: Vol. XXXVII, No. 2, April-June 1975);

Chile-América (Rome, No. 10/11, 1975); Cile Libero (Rome, No. 10/11, December-January 1976 and No. 12/13, February-March 1976); Chile Informativo (Mexico, No. 83, February 1976); and in Abraham F. Lowenthal and F. Samuel Fitch (eds.), Armies and Politics in Latin America, Second

revised edition (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1986).

"Political Conjunctures, Military Government and Agrarian Reform in Peru," Lawrence Alschuler (ed.), Agriculture and the Politics of Capital Formation in Latin America (Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1981), pp. 103-133. Earlier version published as "The Latin American Research Workshop" Paper No. 8 (University of Ottawa, Institute for International Cooperation, 1977). Co-author (with David Raby), "The Dynamic of Revolution and Counterrevolution: Mexico under Cárdenas, 1934-40," LARU Studies (Toronto: Latin American Research Unit, Vol. II, No. 1, October

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1977), pp. 25-56, double columns. "Development and Underdevelopment in Latin America," in Jorge Nef (ed.), Canada and the Latin American Challenge (Guelph: OCPLACS-University of Guelph, 1978), pp.70-84. "Some Observations on Problems of Democratization in Peru and Ecuador," in David H. Pollock and A.R.M. Ritter (eds.), Latin American Prospects for the 1980s: Equity, Democratization and Development (New York: Praeger, 1983), pp. 214-239. "The Peruvian Revolution: Ideological Orientations of Peru's Military Rulers," Abraham F. Lowenthal and Cynthia McClintock (eds.), The Peruvian Experiment Revisited (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983), pp. 245-274. Translated into Spanish as "Orientaciones ideológicas de los dirigentes militares peruanos" in Abraham.F. Lowenthal and Cynthia McClintock (eds.), El gobierno militar: una experiencia peruana, 1968-1970 (Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1985), pp. 271-299. "Políticas Económicas y Estructuras de Poder" in Louis Lefeber (ed.), La Economía Política del Ecuador: Campo, Región y Nación (Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional/FLACSO/CERLAC, 1985), pp. 425-457. (Chosen by Hoy as the best book of the year published in Ecuador in the social sciences.)

Sections reprinted as "Las Estructuras del Poder Socio-económico y Político el el Ecuador entre 1960-1980," in Enrique Ayala Mora (ed.), Nueva Historia del Ecuador, Volumen 11, Epoca Republicana V (Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional/Grijalbo, 1991), pp. 197-203. "El Salvador" in Jack Donnelly and Rhoda E. Howard (eds.), International Handbook of Human Rights (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1987), pp. 117-134. Co-author (with Tim Draimin), "The Central American Peace Process and Canadian Foreign Policy: An Overview", Working Paper (Toronto: Canada-Caribbean-Central America Policy Alternatives (CAPA), February 1988), pp. 48. Parts printed as "Central America", in Managing Regional Conflict: Regimes and Third Party Mediators, Working Paper No. 12 (Ottawa: Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security, l988); parts also printed as "The Central American Peace Process: An Overview" in La politique étrangere américaine de 1980 a 1988: L'Heritage Reaganien (Quebec: Centre québécois de relations internationales, Collection CHOIX, 3e trimestre 1989), pp. 35-69. "Democratization in El Salvador: Illusion or Reality?" in John Kirk & George Schyler (eds.), Central America in Crisis: Democracy, Development and Change (New York: Praeger, l988), pp. 7-19. Co-author (with Tim Draimin), "The Decay of the Security Regime in Central America", International Journal,* issue on Managing Regional Conflict: Security Regimes and Third-Party Mediators (Vol. XLV, No. 2, Spring 1990), pp. 224-257.

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Co-author (with Tim Draimin), "Canada and Central America", Maureen Appel Molot and Fen Osler Hampson (eds.), Canada among Nations, The Challenge of Change/1989 (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1990), pp. 225-243. Updated synthesis of above -- "Canadian Policy Toward Central America with Special Reference to Development Assistance" in Fabrizio Ghilardi (ed.), Canada e Italia: Prospettive di Co-operazione (Pisa: Centro Interuniversitario di Studi Sul Canada/Edizioni ETS, 1994), pp. 39-47. Co-author (with Juan Maiguashca), "Los orígines y significado del Velasquismo: Lucha de clases y participación política en el Ecuador," in Rafael Quintero (ed.), La Cuestión Regional y el Poder (Quito: Corporación Editora Nacional/FLACSO/CERLAC, 1991), pp. 89-159. Co-author (with Stephen Baranyi), "Stretching the Limits of the Possible: United Nations Peacekeeping in Central America," Aurora Papers 17 (Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Global Security, 1992), pp. 59, double columns. Co-author (with Lisa Kowalchuk), "Canadian Development Assistance in El Salvador: A Contribution to Peace-Building?" CAPA Occasional Paper (Toronto: Canada-Caribbean Central America Policy Alternatives (CAPA), January 1994), pp. 44. A synthesis of the above is published as "Community Development, Peace, and Canadian Bilateral Aid to El Salvador", Refuge (Vol. 13, No. 10, March 1994; Toronto: Centre for Refugee Studies, York University), pp. 21-24 (three columns per page). "The Challenge of Demobilization: the Construction of Peace and Regional Security", Francisco José Aguilar Urbina (ed.), Demobilization, Demilitarization, and Democratization in Central America (San José: International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development and Arias Foundation for Peace and Human Progress (1994), pp. 51-63. Book also available in Spanish. "El proceso de paz salvadoreño y su relevancia para Guatemala" in Rafael Vergara et.al., Procesos de negociación comparados en Africa y América Latina (Guatemala: FLACSO-Guatemala, 1994), pp. 123-137. Co-author (with Francois Fortier), "The Foreign Policies of Nicaraguans: Domestic Institutions and their International Allies in the Context of Low Intensity Conflict," Luis Mesa and Thom Workman (eds.), The Politics of Regional Conflict: Central America, Southern Africa, and the Middle East (Toronto: York Centre for International and Strategic Studies (YCISS) and the Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CERLAC) with Canadian Scholars' Press, 1995), pp. 21-36. "Relationships among Democratization, Demilitarization, and Structural Adjustment in Latin America", A CAPA Occasional Paper (Toronto: Canada-Caribbean-Americas Alternatives, January 1995), pp. 27. Co-author (with Stephen Barnayi), "The United Nations in El Salvador: The Promise and Dilemmas of an Integrated Approach to Peace" (CERLAC Occasional Paper, 1996), pp. 63. Co-author (with Ricardo Grinspun), "Siete Observaciones sobre Neoliberalismo y Desarrollo Desigual, en Relación a la Paz en Centroemérica", Rosalinda Bran and Claudinne Ogaldes (eds.),

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Los Retos de la Paz, la Democracia y el Desarrollo Sostenible en Guatemala (Guatemala: FLACSO-Programa Guatemala, 1996), pp. 85-106. Co-author (with Max Cameron), "Development Path Contrasts: Peru in the Light of the East Asian Experience", Socialismo y Participación* (Lima, No. 73, Spring 1996), double columns, pp. 127-140; in English in Latin American Perspectives* (Vol. 25, No. 5, September 1998), pp. 50-66. Co-author (with Jacques Doyer), "The Social Composition and Ideological Orientations of Peruvian Aprista Party Leaders," in Torcuato S. di Tella and Fernando J. Devoto (eds.), Political Culture, Social Movements, and Democratic Transitions in South America in the Twentieth Century (Milano: Annali della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Feltrinelli Editore, 1997), pp. 347-370. "Que Pasó en Taiwan? Un relato de la reforma agraria y de la industrialización rural (con unas observaciones comparativas en relación a América Latina)", Luciano Martínez (ed.), El Desarrollo Sostenible en el Medio Rural (Quito: FLACSO-Ecuador, 1997), pp. 89-113. Co-author (with Carlos Larrea), "Ecuador: Adjustment Policy Impacts on Truncated Development and Democratization", Third World Quarterly* (Vol. 18, No. 5, Fall 1997), pp. 913-934. Co-author (with John Cameron), "Las Asociaciones de Granjeros y el Desarrollo Agrícola en Taiwán: su (ir)relevancia para otros contextos socio-políticos?", Ecuador Debate* (Quito, No. 42, December 1997), pp. 183-205, double columns. "Reflections on Demilitarization and Democratization in Central America", Studies in Political Economy* (No. 55, Spring 1998), pp. 155-171. “Salinas: una experiencia de desarrollo micro-regional” in Manuel Chiriboga (ed.), Cambiar se puede: Experiencias del FEPP en el desarrollo rural del Ecuador (Quito: FEPP & Abya-Yala, 1999), pp. 151-184. Co-author (with John Cameron), “Grassroots-Based Rural Development Strategies: Ecuador in Comparative Perspective,” World Development* (Vol. 28, No. 10, 2000), pp. 1751-1766, double columns. “Estrategias communitarias de desarrollo rural en un contexto de políticas neoliberales: El caso ecuatoriano de Salinas desde una perspectiva comparativa” in Giuseppina Da Ros (ed.), Realidad y desafíos de la economía solidaria: Iniciativas comunitarias y cooperativas en el Ecuador. (Quito: Facultad de Economía, Ponitifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador & Ediciones Abya-Yala, 2001), pp. 1-50. Co-author (with Wade Kit and Rob Koep), “Rural Land Conflicts and Human Rights Violations in Ecuador). Toronto: York University, Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CERLAC), Occasional Paper Series (June 2003). Available at: http://www.yorku.ca/cerlac/North_Kit_Koep.pdf

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“Obstacles to Social Reform, Patterns of Domination, and Financial Crises in Ecuador” in Jo-Marie Burt and Philip Mauceri (eds.), Politics in the Andes: Identity, Conflict, and Reform (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004), pp. 187-206. Co-author (with Pablo Andrade), “Ecuador: Political Turmoil, Social Mobilization, and Frustrated Reform” in Jan Knippers Black (ed.), Latin America: Its Problems and Its Promise (Cambridge, MA: Westview, 2005), pp. 423-440. “Militares y Estado en Ecuador: construcción militar y desmantelamiento civil?,” Iconos*, (FLACSO-Ecuador, no. 26 septiembre 2006), pp. 85-95 (double columns). Repreinted in Carolina Galindo, Ana María Sallenave, & Adolfo Chaparro, eds., Populismo y Democracia en América Latina (Rosario, Colombia: Escuela de Ciencias Humanas de la Universidad de Rosario, 2007). Co-author (with Jhon Anton Sanchez), “Informe cualtitativo sobre la pobreza y desigualdad” in Secretaría Técnica del Ministerio de Coordinación de Desarrollo Social, Informe de Desarrollo Social 2007. Pobreza, Desigualdad e Inversion Social (Quito, Secretaría Técnica del Ministerio de Coordinación de Desarrollo Social, 2008). “El desarrollo rural: sine qua non del desarrollo nacional,” Comentario Internacional. Revista del Centro Andino de Estudios Internacionales, no. 8, 2007-2008, pp. 187-205. Co-author (with Pablo Andrade), ¨Ecuador: Political Turmoil, Social Mobilization, and a Turn to the Left¨, in Jan Knippers Black (ed.), Latin America: Its Problems and Its Promise: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Fifth Edition (Cambridge, MA: Westview Press, 2010). OTRAS PUBLICACIONES ACADÉMICAS Editorial supervision and translation, Special Section of four articles on Ecuador for North/South: Canadian Journal of Latin American Studies* (Vol. VII, no. 14, 1982). Editorial supervision and translation, Special Issue on Central America, LARU Studies (Vol.V, No. 1, September 1982). Co-author (team of six), 1984: Mujer y Elecciones: análisis del voto femenino en Quito (Quito: Instituto Latino-Americano de Investigaciones Sociales [ILDIS], 1984), pp. 98. Sections on the history of the Apra party and election returns contributed for integration into John Crabtree, Peru under García: An Opportunity Lost (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1992). Co-editor (with Luciano Martínez), special issue on rural development in the Andes – “El mundo rural en los Andes” - for ICONOS (No. 29, Journal of FLACSO-Sede Ecuador, September 2007).

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ARTÍCULOS EN LIBROS, NOTAS, Y PREFACIOS EN LIBROS The Peruvian Aprista Party and Haya de la Torre: Myths and Realities, " Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs* (Vol. 17, No. 2, May 1975), pp. 245-253. Co-author (with José Nun), "A Military Coup is a Military Coup. Or is it?,” Canadian Journal of Political Science* (Vol. XI, No. 1, March 1978), pp. 165-174. Co-author (with Judith A. Hellman), rejoinder to an article in Canadian Journal of Political Science* (Vol. VIII, No. 2, June 1975), pp. 305-307. Preface to Paola Sylva Charvet, Gamonalismo y Lucha Campesina (Quito: Ediciones Abya Yala, 1986), pp. 3-5. "A Commentary" on "The State of Latin America: Political and Economic Trends," Mark O. Dickerson and Stephen J. Randall (eds.), Canada and Latin America: Issues to the Year 2000 and Beyond, Proceedings of the Conference on Canada and Latin America (Calgary: The International Centre, The University of Calgary, 1991), pp. 49-52. "Comments on 'An Agenda for Peace'", H.P. Klepak (ed.), Canada and Latin American Security (Québec: Meridién, 1993), pp. 169-176. Extended review of Blanca Muratorio, The Life and Times of Grandfather Alonso. Culture and History in the Upper Amazon for Mesoamérica* (Año 14, Cuaderno 25, Junio de 1993), pp. 169-173. Extended review of Rosemary Thorp, Economic Management and Economic Development in Peru and Colombia for Economic Development and Cultural Change* (Vol. 42, No. 4, July 1994), pp. 896-901. "Socialists, Peasants, and the Finnish Family Farm", Note "Response to Phil Ryan's "Duet for Peasant and Socialist Revolutionary", Studies in Political Economy* (No. 46, Spring 1995), pp. 113-118. Extended review of two works on human rights and refugee return in El Salvador, Mesoamérica* (Año 15, Cuaderno 28, Diciembre de 1994), pp. 384-388. Extended review of two works on agrarian social relations in Costa Rica, Mesoamérica* (Año 18, Número 33, Junio de 1997), pp. 273-279. Preface to Luciano Martínez, Economía Rurales: Actividades Rurales Noagrícolas en Ecuador (Quito: Centro Andino de Acción Popular-CAAP, 2000), pp. 13-17. Introduction to Carlos Larrea and Emilia Ferraro, work on dollarization in Ecuador (CLACSO, forthcoming).

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Preface to Paolo Krischke, Populism and the Catholic Church: Political Crisis in Brazil, 1964 (Nova Publishers, 2010). RESEÑAS EN LIBROS: 1 American Political Science Review (December 1975).

3 Canadian Journal of Political Science (September 1977, March 1982, and 1991). 4 Hispanic American Historical Review (February 1972, August 1973, August 1983, and May

2003). 7 North/South: Canadian Journal of Latin American Studies (1978, 1982, 1993, Jan-July 2004,

and 2006; No. 69, 2010). 1 Labour/Le Travailleur (Fall 1983) 1 International Journal of Comparative Sociology (1/2, 1986). 1 International Journal (No. 2, 1991). 1 Inter-American Review of Bibliography (No. 4, 1991). 1 Ecuador Debate, Quito (No. 61, April 2004).

1 ICONOS, FLACSO-Ecuador, Quito (No 26, September 2006). 1 Development and Change, The Hague (2008). INFORMES PRINCIPALES: Selected Social Science Research Centers in Latin America (Toron-to: OCPLACS/York University Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean, 1978), pp. 72. Co-author (with Edgar Dosman and Cecilia Rocha), Canada and Latin America: New Patterns of Development. Report to the Sub-Committee of the Standing Committee on External Affairs and National Defence on Canada's Relations with Latin America and the Caribbean, Issue No. 22, May-June 1982 (Hull: Canadian Government Publishing Center, 1982), pp. 77. Negotiations for Peace in Central America (A Conference Report), Report No. 1, Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security (Ottawa, 1986), pp. 59. Also available in French. Measures for Peace in Central America (A Conference Report), Report No. 5, Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security (Ottawa, l987), pp. 60. Also available in French.

Translated into Spanish as Medidas para la Paz en América Central (San José: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Cuadernos de Ciencias Sociales, No. 14, l988). Co-author and/or editor of 7 Reports on Canada in the OAS, published annually from 1990 to 1997 by Canada-Americas Policy Alternatives (Toronto). Co-author (with Yasmine Shamsie and George Wright), A Report on Reforming the Organization of Amerian States to Support Democratization in the Hemisphere: A Canadian Perspective (Toronto: CERLAC and Ottawa: FOCAL, 1995), pp. 83. ASESORÍAS Y PUBLICACIONES PERIODÍSTICAS: With Juan Maiguashca (History, York University), preparation of materials on the Andean Region and consultation on Latin American materials in general for Susan Kiil, et al., The World of People:

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The Western Hemisphere (Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1976). This is the sixth grade text in a series on "Social and Environmental Studies." Preparation of materials on the role of the military in Latin American politics for a special issue of New Internationalist (Leicester, England, 1978). Interview with René Zavaleta Mercado, Two Thirds: a journal of underdevelopment studies (Toronto, OISE, Vol. I, No. 1, first quarter 1978). "El Salvador War Rooted in History," Op. Ed. Page, The Windsor Star (March 13, 1981). Published in somewhat revised form as "The Crisis in El Salvador," The Canadian Forum (Vol. LXI, No. 710, June-July, 1981). Consultant on film scripts for an educational series on the countries of South America, International Cinemedia Center Ltd., Toronto, 1982. Co-author (with Jorge Nef), "The Inter-American Organization for Higher Education and Academic Repression in Latin America's Southern Cone," CALACS Bulletin (July 1982).

Reprinted in somewhat revised form as "Academic Repression in Latin America: The Canadian Connection," Canadian Association of University Teachers Bulletin (October 1982). "Feminist Currents in Latin America," Canadian Women Studies/ Cahiers de la Femme (Vol. VI, No. 1, 1985). "The Women Poor of Peru", Socialist Affairs (No.3, l986). Co-author (with Tim Draimin), "Contrasting Interpretations of the Central American Crisis: the Latins and the United States", International Viewpoints: York University Gazette (March 4, l988). Co-author (with Tim Draimin), "What Chance for Peace in Central America", Peace Magazine (Vol. V., Issue II, April/May l989). Co-author (with Jim Gronau), "U.S. continues effort to destabilize Nicaragua", Opinion Page, The Toronto Star (August 18, 1989). "Letter from Chile", Opinion Page, The Toronto Star (June 18, 1990); reprinted in Jornada (Año V, No. 43, Junio/Julio 1990). "Responses to Depression in Latin America", Compass (Volume 11, No. 1, March/April 1993). "El Salvador One Year Later", Central America Update (Toronto: Latin American Working Group/Jesuit Centre for Social Faith and Justice, 1993). "'El Loco’-Commotion: Presidents come and go, problems remain", Americas Update (Toronto: Latin American Working Group/Jesuit Centre for Social Faith and Justice, March/April 1997). Co-author (with Luciano Martinez), “La ciudad azul en crisis”, Hoy (Quito, Sunday, May 2, 1999),

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p. 5A (article for the commentary page of a national newspaper). “Ecuador: Falling Apart in Latin America”, Americas Update (Vol. 20, No. 1, Summer 1999), pp. 19-22, double columns. A revised longer version of above published as “Austerity and Disorder in the Andes”, NACLA Report on the Americas (Vol. XXXIII, No. 1, July-August 1999), pp. 6-9, triple columns. “Private hospitals, poor care: U.S. doctors made choices based on costs and profits?”, The Toronto Star, Thursday, January 13, 2000, A10. (With Sheila Grunner), “Colombia’s Invisible Wars”, Peace Magazine, Vol. XVII, issue 2, April-June 2001. “Canadian miners vs. Ecuadorean farmers and environmentalists”, Nelson Daily News, Nelson, B.C., Op-ed page, Thursday, June 15, 2006. “Canadian miners vs. Ecuadorean farmers. Why should Canadians care about a series of government sponsored meetings that happened yesterday and today in Vancouver…”, Trail Daily Times, Trail, B.C., Op-ed page, Thursday, June 15, 2006. “Bad Neighbours: Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America”, Canadian Dimension (Vol. 45, No. 1, January 2011). Translated into Spanish for on line Archive of Huichol Art, History, and Culture (Mexico). http://wixarika.mediapark.net/sp/sp_wirikutaMalosVecinos.html Also published in Spanish in Ecuador Debate (Spring 2011). Co-author (with Albert Berry), “Los beneficios de la pequeña propiedad en el campo”, in web journal, La Línea de Fuego, 24 Octubre 2011. http://lalineadefuego.info/2011/10/24/los-beneficioes-de-la-pequeña INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCUMENTOS EN PROCESO: In general, the politics and implications for regional and urban/rural disparities and for democratization of neoliberal social and economic policies in the Andean and Central America regions. Current projects: local and rural development possibilities -- continuing work on the Ecuadorean highlands in comparative perspective. Conflicts between farming communities and Canadian mining companies in Latin America. CONFERENCIAS Y CHARLAS "Social Recruitment and Projects for Development in the Peruvian Aprista Party", University of Indiana, April 19, 1972. "The Coup in Chile", McMaster University, Ontario Cooperative Program in Latin American and

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Caribbean Studies (OCPLACS), Fall Conference, November 17, 1973. "The Chilean Military in Politics", Queen's University, March 2, 1974. A revised version of the above paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association (CPSA), University of Toronto, Junio 3-6, 1974. "The Current Political Conjuncture in Peru", Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Buenos Aires, July 30, 1976. "Political Conjunctures and Agrarian Reform in Peru" (part of a series on "The Agrarian Problem in Latin America") Institute for International Cooperation, University of Ottawa, February 2, 1977. ¨Current Trends in Peruvian Politics: Contrasts in Policy under the Velasco and Moralez Bermudez Administrations", University of Pennsylvania, December 7, 1977. Revised version presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Sociological Association, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Mayo 29, 1978. "Perspectives on Development Policy and Mass Participation in the Peruvian Armed Forces", Latin American Program of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, Conference on "The Peruvian Experiment Reconsidered", Washington, November 2-4, 1978. "The Dynamic of Revolution and Counter-revolution: Mexico under Cárdenas, 1934-1940", joint presentation with David Raby for conference on "Populism and the Conceptualization of Popular Ideologies", University of Toronto, December 8 and 9, 1978. "The Peruvian Revolution: Ideological Orientations of the Officers in Power", Developing Area Center, McGill University, March 29, 1979. "Socio-Economic Regions and Political Processes in Peru and Mexico", Ontario Cooperative Program in Latin American and Caribbean Studies (OCPLACS) Speaker, University of Western Ontario, London, Jan. 21, 1980. A revised version of the above was presented to the Faculty Seminar of the Political Science Deptartment of Simon Fraser University, March 25, 1980. "Los disloques del desarrollo y la historia del partido Aprista peruano", Universidad Central del Ecuador, August 18, 1980 and Centro de 'Planificación y Estudios Sociales (CEPLAES), September 5, 1980, Quito, Ecuador. "Problems of Democratization in Peru and Ecuador", Conference on "Latin American Prospects for the Eighties: What Kinds of Development?", The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, November 13-15, 1980.

Presented in revised form at Joint International Seminar on "The Political Economy of Ecuadorian Development: Regional Disparities, Domestic Markets and Basic Needs", Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CERLAC), York University, May 12-15, 1981. "El Salvador: The Historical Roots of the Contemporary Crisis", University of Toronto, Latin American Studies Committee, April 6, 1981. Also presented at the University of Waterloo, OCPLACS Spring Conference, May 29-30, 1981.

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Plenary Panel member, "Geopolitics in Central America and the Caribbean", Joint Conference of Ontario Cooperative Program in Latin American and Caribbean Studies (OCPLACS) and the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers (CLAG), State University of New York at Buffalo, October 15-18, 1981. "From Cuba to El Salvador", Living and Learning in Retirement, Glendon College, York University, November 26, 1981.

"Central America: the Historical Setting of the Contemporary Crisis" and "Central America: Obstacles to Development and Canadian Foreign Policy", Living and Learning in Retirement, Glendon Campus, York University, January 28 and February 4, 1983. "Native Peoples and Human Rights in Nicaragua and Guatemala: U.S. Policies and Canadian Responses", Comparative Development Studies, Trent University, February 9, 1983. Also presented at the University of Guelph, Spring Conference of the Ontario Cooperative Program in Latin American and Caribbean Studies (OCPLACS), May 25-26, 1983. "The Contemporary Crisis in Central America and Canadian Foreign Policy", the Alumni of Victoria College, University of Toronto, lecture series on "Nations in the News," April 5, 1983. "Los Orígenes y significado del velasquismo: Lucha de clases y participación política en el Ecuador", Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Contemporanea (CERC), Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Santiago, Chile, July 12, 1984. "Las Políticas Canadienses hacia América Latina", Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular (CINEP), Bogatá, Colombia, August 23, 1984. "El Salvador: the 1984 Elections and Negotiations", Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), University of Toronto, October 5-7, 1984. "Central America and the Andes: Similarities and Differences in the Processes of Revolutionary Transformation", XII International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), Albuquerque, USA, April 18-20, 1985. "The Political Economy of Human Rights Violations in El Salvador", Joint Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS) and the Canadian Association of African Studies (CAAS), Montreal, May 15-17, 1985. "El APRA: Estudio de un partido politico peruano", Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP), Lima, Peru, August 14, 1986. With Jacques Doyer, "The Peruvian APRA party: internal contradictions", Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), Université de Montréal, October 10-12, 1986; also presented at the XIII International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), Boston, October 23-25, 1986.

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"El Salvador: estudio de caso", Congreso Internacional de Derechos Agrarios y Derechos Humanos, Universidad de Lima & Universidad San Antonio de Abad del Cuzco, Lima and Cuzco, Peru, September 7-12, l987. "El Salvador: the Civil War", Living and Learning in Retirement, Glendon Campus, York University, September 25, l987. With Tim Draimin, "Central America", Workshop - "Managing Regional Conflict: Regimes and Third Party Mediators", sponsored by the Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security (CIIPS) and the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, November 19-20, l987. "The Central American Peace Process", Science for Peace, Toronto Chapter, December 16, l987. "Geopolitical Situation in the Americas and the Canadian NGO Response", Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), NGO & CIDA Americas Section-Consultation '87-'88, Ottawa, February 15, l988. "Les Conflits Regionaux: Amerique Central", XXe Congres du Centre Quebecois de Relations Internationales, Quebec City, October 6-7, l988. "Canadian Foreign Policy in Central America", Spring Conference of the Ontario Cooperative Program in Latin American and Caribbean Studies (OCPLACS), University of Windsor, March 23-24, 1990. Also presented at the Centre for Peace Studies, McMaster University, March 27, 1990. Two lectures on "Terratenientes, Patrones de Desarrollo é Ideologías Políticas", Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Ecuador campus (FLACSO-Ecuador), Quito, July 12 and 13, 1990; abbreviated version presented at Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima, July 20, 1990. "Recent Developments in Central America and Canada's Involvement," McMaster University, January 24, 1991. "The Foreign Policies of Nicaraguans," Workshop on "Regional Conflicts: Canadian and Cuban Perspectives," Centro de Estudios Sobre la América (CEA), Havana, Cuba, April 18-19, 1991. With Stephen Baranyi, "United Nations Peace-Keeping in Central America," Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), Laval University, October 31 - November 3, 1991. Revised version presented at McMaster University, March 25, 1992. With Stephen Baranyi, principal presentation for "Workshop on the Role of the United Nations in Central America," The Canadian Centre for Arms Control and Disarmament, Ottawa, May 22, 1992.

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Revised version presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), University of Ottawa, October 23-25, 1992. "A Case Study: the Central American Operations," Workshop on "Demobilization and Security in Central and Latin America," College militaire royal de St-Jean, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec, December 9-10, 1992. Five lectures on various aspects of Security Issues in South And Central America, Canadian Forces Staff School, Toronto, March 19, May 18, October 15, December 14, 1993, and March 9, 1994. "Canadian Development Assistance Policies and Programs in Central America", Conference on "Canada and Italy in the World: Current Opportunities, Future Possibilities", Universita Degli Studi di Pisa, Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sul Canada (Pisa-Milano), Pisa, April 19-20, 1993. "The Links Between Civil-Military Relations, Democracy, and Peace", Conference on hemispheric security issues, College militaire royal St. Jean, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec, May 6-7, 1993. "El reto de la desmovilización: construcción de la paz y seguridad regional", Conference on "Demoblization, Demilitarization, and Democratization in Central America, Fundación Arias para la Paz y el Progreso Humano, San José, Costa Rica, August 16-17, 1993. "Procesos de paz y el rol de las Naciones Unidas en Centroamerica: Guatemala a la luz de la experiencia salvadoreña", Academia Diplomática "Antonio J. Quevedo" of Ecuador, Quito, June 22, 1993. A revised version was presented as "El proceso de paz salvadoreño y su relevancia para Guatemala", Seminario: Procesos de Negociación Comparados, FLACSO-Guatemala, Guatemala City, October 5-8, 1993. (With co-author Lisa Kowalchuk presenting), "Canadian Aid as Peace-Builder in El Salvador", Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), Carleton University, Ottawa, October 21-24, 1993. "Relationships Among Democratization, Demilitarization, and Structural Adjustment in Latin America", Conference on "Order and Disorder: Domestic Sources of Regional Instability", University of Manitoba, February 2-4, 1995. "Siete Observaciones Sobre Neoliberalismo y Desarrollo Desigual, en Relación a la Paz en Centroamérica" (with Ricardo Grinspun), Seminario Internacional: Los Retos de la Paz y Desarrollo en Guatemala, FLACSO-Guatemala, Guatemala City, 31 July-August 1, 1996. "Reflections on Demilitarization and Democratization in Central America", Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), York University, October 31-November 3, 1996.

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"Que Pasó en Taiwan? Un relato de la reforma agraria y de la industrialización rural (con unas observaciones comparativas en relación a América Latina)", presented at "Seminario: El Desarrollo Sostenible en el Medio Rural", Quito, FLACSO-Ecuador, February 18-20, 1997. Lecture on gender and development (NGO- and state-led experiences) for Diploma Program on the same theme, sponsored by the Ecuadorean government's National Women's Commission (CONAMU) and FLACSO-Ecuador, Quito, April 17, 1998. "Diseño y ejecución de un proyecto de investigación" (for upper level social science students), Quito, Universidad Central del Ecuador, April 18, 1997. (With co-author John Cameron presenting), "Grassroots-Based Rural Development Strategies: Ecuador in Comparative Perspective", XXVIII Annual Congress of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, March 19-21, 1998.

A substantially revised version presented by Liisa North at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association (CPSA), University of Ottawa, May 31-June 2, 1998.

A further revised version presented by Liisa North at the XXI International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), Chicago, September 24-26, 1998.

An updated version presented by Liisa North at the Meetings of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), Carleton University, September 30-October 2, 1999. Presentation civil-military relations and democratization to “OAS/CERLAC Youth Internship Program”, Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean (CERLAC), York University, August 24-September 2, 1998. “La crisis en el Ecuador”, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP), Lima, Peru, April 15, 1999. (With co-author Wade Kit presenting), “Land Conflict and Human Rights Violations in Rural Ecuador”, Meetings of the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS), Carleton University, September 30-October 2, 1999. “Community Economic Development in the Context of Neoliberal Adjustment: the Cases of Salinas and Pelileo”, Faculty of Sociology graduate seminar, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, March 3, 2000. “State Building, Financial Crisis and Democracy”, Conference on “Threats to Democracy in Latin America”, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, November 3-4, 2000.

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“Obstacles to Social Reform, Patterns of Domination, and Financial Crisis in Ecuador”, XXIII International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), Washington, DC, September 6-8, 2001. Presentations on grassroots-based rural development project in Ecuador results for M.A. Program, Political Science, FLACSO-Ecuador, Quito, October 16, 2001 and for “Trent in Ecuador Program” in Development Studies, Sangolqui, Ecuador, Octubre 19, 2001. “Negociaciones, acuerdos de paz y procesos de implementación de acuerdos en El Salvador y Guatemala”, presented to Seminar on “Posconflicto y Reconstrucción Nacional”, National University of Colombia, Bogota, via video-teleconference connection, November 17, 2001. (With John Cameron), “Rural Progress, Rural Decay: Neo-liberal Adjustment Policies and Local Initiatives (with cases from Ecuador)”, Conference on Sustainable Human Development in the Americas organized by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS) at the 2002 Meetings of the Learned Associations, University of Toronto, May 29, 2002.

Also presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Latin American and

Caribbean Studies (CALACS), Université de Québec a Montréal, October 24-26, 2002. “Progreso y Decadencia Rurales: Las políticas neoliberales e iniciatives locales (con referencia a la sierra ecuatoriana”, Latin American Studies Program, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Quito Ecuador, June 20, 2002. Guest lecture on rural development issues, Latin American Studies Program, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Quito Ecuador, October 24, 2007. “Minifundios, productores rurales, y mercado”, Latin American Studies Association (LASA), XXVII International Congress, Río de Janeiro, June 11-14, 2009. “Bad Neighbors: Canadian Mining Companies in Latin America”, Canadian Association for Latin American and Caribbean Studies (CALACS) Meeting, 31 May-3 June 2010, Concordia University, Montreal. Could not present due to health reasons; paper was circulated to all members of the two part panel on Canada in the Americas. Later presented at XXIX International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), October 6-9, 2010. “Peasant Communities vs. Mining Companies in Latin America with reference to Ecuador,” Third Age Learning Lectures, Guelph, ON, September 22, 2010. “Neo-liberalism, Post Neo-liberalism, and Social Movements in Ecuador: Some observations about labour organization and democracy,” Ecuatorianistas Section panel, XXIX International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association (LASA), October 6-9, 2010.