Curriculum Guidebreckenridge.region14.net/users/0182/Veterinary Science Lesson... ·...

Curriculum GuideVeterinary Science: Preparatory Training

for the Veterinary AssistantFloron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS

Curriculum GuideVeterinary Science: Preparatory Training

for the Veterinary Assistant

Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS

National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease DefenseCollege Station, TX

First EditionCopyright © 2011 by theNational Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense (FAZD Center)College Station, TX 77843 U.S.A.All rights reserved. Published 2011Printed in the United States of America

ISBN: 978-0-9849115-1-6

This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, under Agreement No. 2007-ST-061-000002 and Agreement No. 2010-ST-061-AG0002. The views and conclusions contained in the document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or im-plied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.

Published by the National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense, a Department of Homeland SecurityScience and Technology Center of Excellence

To purchase copies of this book, go to www.fazd.tamu.edu or call (979)-845-2855; fax (979)-845-6574; email:[email protected]

Mailing AddressNational Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense2129 TAMUCollege Station, TX 77843-2129 U.S.A.

Cover Photos: Front and back top: Larry WadsworthBack bottom: Keith Weller, USDA Cover Design and Page Layout: Christine StetterWord Processing: Tina Nuche

1 Introduction 1. The Profession of Veterinary Medicine .....................................................................................1

2. The Veterinary Assistant ............................................................................................................1 3. Animals & Society .....................................................................................................................1

2 Practice Management 1. Office Procedures - Clinical ........................................................................................................2 2. Client Communications - Clinical ...............................................................................................2 3. Employee Communications - Clinical .........................................................................................2 4. Clinic Infectious Disease Control - Clinical ...............................................................................3 5. Storage of Foods - Clinical .........................................................................................................3

3 Patient Management 1. Caring for Patients - Clinical .......................................................................................................3 2. Environmental Sanitation - Clinical.............................................................................................3 3. Bedding & Housing for Patients - Clinical ..................................................................................4 4. Pain Recognition - Clinical ..........................................................................................................4

4 Normal Animal 1. Anatomy & Physiology of Animals ...........................................................................................4 2. Reading Animal Behavior ..........................................................................................................5 3. Vital Signs ..................................................................................................................................5 4. Genetics .....................................................................................................................................6

5. Determining the Age of Animals ...............................................................................................6 6. Breeds of Dogs & Cats ..............................................................................................................6 7. Breeds of Livestock ...................................................................................................................6

5 Animal Nutrition 1. Essential Food Nutrients ............................................................................................................7 2. Nutrition & Management of Dogs, Cats, & Exotic Pets ............................................................7 3. Nutrition & Management of Livestock ......................................................................................7

6 Handling & Restraining Animals 1. Introduction to Handling & Restraining Animals ......................................................................8 2. Common Knots .........................................................................................................................8 3. Handling & Restraining Dogs & Cats .......................................................................................8 4. Handling & Restraining Livestock ............................................................................................9 5. Handling & Restraining Rodents, Rabbits, & Exotic Animals ..................................................9

7 Assisting With Examinations & Treatments 1. Physical Examinations - Clinical .................................................................................................9 2. First Aid - Clinical .......................................................................................................................10 3. Applying Bandages - Clinical ......................................................................................................10 4. Handling & Administering Medications - Clinical .....................................................................10 5. Rehabilitation - Clinical ..............................................................................................................11

Table of Contents

8 Laboratory Aids & Examinations 1. Fecal, Blood, & Urine Examinations .........................................................................................11 2. Bacteriologic Tests .....................................................................................................................12 3. Radiology - Clinical ....................................................................................................................12 4. Post-Mortem Examinations .......................................................................................................12 5. Special Examinations .................................................................................................................13

9 Human & Animal Health 1. Genetics & Disease ....................................................................................................................13 2. The Battle Against Disease ........................................................................................................13 3. Diseases Common to Humans & Animals .................................................................................13 4. Food & Animal Diseases ...........................................................................................................14 5. Economic Losses .......................................................................................................................14 6. Animal Assisted Therapy ...........................................................................................................14

10 Infectious Diseases 1. Causes of Infectious Diseases ....................................................................................................15 2. Infectious Diseases: Digestive System ......................................................................................15 3. Infectious Diseases: Respiratory & Reproductive Systems .......................................................15 4. Infectious Diseases: Integumentary System ..............................................................................16 5. Infectious Diseases: Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems .....................................................16 6. Infectious Diseases: Musculoskeletal & Nervous Systems .......................................................16 7. Infectious Diseases: Special Senses & Generalized Conditions .................................................16

11 Non-Infectious Diseases 1. Nutritional Diseases ...................................................................................................................17 2. Reproductive Non-Infectious Diseases ......................................................................................17 3. Chemical Poisoning ...................................................................................................................18 4. Toxicity of Insecticides ..............................................................................................................18 5. Poisonous Plants ........................................................................................................................18 6. Miscellaneous Non-Infectious Diseases ....................................................................................19

12 Principles & Methods of Disease Control 1. Prevention ..................................................................................................................................19 2. Treatment ...................................................................................................................................19 3. Controlling Internal Parasites .....................................................................................................20 4. Controlling External Parasites ...................................................................................................20

5. Veterinary Biological Products ..................................................................................................20 6. Disinfectants ..............................................................................................................................20 7. Dietary Management of Small Animals - Clinical .......................................................................21 8. Quarantines & Eradication Programs ........................................................................................21

13 Sterilization & Disinfection 1. Sterilization - Clinical ..................................................................................................................21 2. Disinfection - Clinical ..................................................................................................................22

14 Assisting With Surgery 1. Surgical Instruments & Terminology - Clinical ...........................................................................22 2. Surgical Preparation & Procedures - Clinical ..............................................................................22 3. Anesthesia - Clinical ....................................................................................................................22 4. Preparing Hands & Field of Operation - Clinical .......................................................................23 5. Sterile Gloves & Gowns - Clinical ..............................................................................................23

15 Production Practices 1. Integrated Resource Management .............................................................................................23 2. Dehorning, Castrating, & Docking - Clinical ..............................................................................24 3. Marketing Animals ....................................................................................................................24 4. Preparing Livestock for Shipment .............................................................................................24 5. Collecting & Handling Semen ...................................................................................................24 6. Artificial Insemination ...............................................................................................................25 7. Reproduction & Rectal Palpation in Cattle ...............................................................................25 8. Assistance at Birth - Clinical........................................................................................................25 9. Weaning Calves ..........................................................................................................................26 10. Records & Record Keeping .....................................................................................................26

16 Regulatory Veterinary Medicine 1. Interstate and International Movement of Animals ...................................................................26 2. Brucellosis & Tuberculosis Eradication Programs ....................................................................27 3. Anthrax Control Program ..........................................................................................................27 4. Rabies Control Program ............................................................................................................27 5. Pseudorabies Control Program ..................................................................................................27 6. Pullorum-Typhoid, Avian Influenza, & Exotic Newcastle Disease Control Programs ..............28 7. Bovine Trichomoniasis Control Program ...................................................................................28 8. Vesicular Stomatitis Control Program .......................................................................................28 9. West Nile Encephalitis Control Program ...................................................................................28 10. Food Safety Program ...............................................................................................................29 11. Drug Residue Avoidance Program ...........................................................................................29 12. Carcass Disposal Regulations ...................................................................................................29 13. Animal Welfare Regulations ....................................................................................................30 14. Medical Waste Disposal ...........................................................................................................30 15. Pesticide Regulations ...............................................................................................................30 16. Laws Related to Veterinary Medicine ......................................................................................31

17 Animal Management During Emergencies 1. Natural, Accidental, & Intentional Outbreaks of Disease ..........................................................31 2. Emergency Animal Management During Disasters ...................................................................31 3. Clinic Emergency Management Plan ........................................................................................31

1

Chapter 1 Introduction

Lesson 1: The Profession of Veterinary Medicine

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the profession of veteri-nary medicine and the career opportunities open to the veterinary assistant.

Lesson Objectives: After completing this lesson the student should be able to:

1. Define veterinary medicine.2. Describe the different career opportunities in veterinary medicine.3. Discuss the role of veterinary medicine in animal health.

Lesson 2: The Veterinary Assistant

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the different career op-portunities open to the veterinary assistant; the role of the veterinary assistant in private, pub-lic, and industry veterinary practices; and the scholastic requirements necessary to achieve certification as a veterinary assistant.

Lesson Objectives: After completing this lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Describe the job requirements of a veterinary assistant.2. Describe the different career opportunities open to the veterinary assistant.3. Discuss the role of the veterinary assistant in the veterinary practice.4. Describe the scholastic requirements for achieving certification as a veterinary as-

sistant.

Lesson 3: Animals & Society

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the changing relation-ships between people and animals in society, current issues and legislation regarding animal rights and animal welfare, and benefits of the human/animal relationship.


1. Discuss the role of animals in early American society.2. Discuss the role of animals in today’s society.3. Discuss the factors that caused the change in peoples’ relationships with animals from

early America society to today.4. Discuss the range in viewpoints regarding animal rights and welfare.

2

Chapter 2 Practice Management

Lesson 1: Office Procedures - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the office procedures employed in a veterinary practice.


1. Describe procedures for client communication.2. Design an efficient filing system for a veterinary practice.3. Describe procedures for maintaining order in the waiting area.4. Discuss the importance of using efficient, consistent office procedures.

Lesson 2: Client Communications - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study proper client protocol in a veterinary practice and the interpersonal techniques to use when dealing with clients.


1. Discuss the importance of client relationships.2. Discuss techniques for diffusing tense situations with clients.3. Discuss techniques for dealing with difficult clients.4. Discuss the importance of a positive demeanor.5. Describe how expressions and mannerisms affect client communication.6. Discuss the importance of personal appearance.

Lesson 3: Employee Communications - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall have the opportunity to study proper communication skills for optimal working relationships among employees in a veterinary practice.


1. Describe work related conflicts between employees.2. Identify behavior to help prevent loss of performance.3. Discuss positive effects of verbal and non-verbal communications.4. Discuss negative effects of verbal and non-verbal communications.

3

Lesson 4: Clinic Infectious Disease Control - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall have the opportunity to study transmission and control of causative disease agents that affect the health of animal patients and people in a veterinary practice.


1. Define infection, infestation, disease, and zoonosis.2. Explain two means of disease transmission.3. Discuss the routes of entry in animals for infectious agents and parasites.4. Explain prevention and control of infectious and parasitic diseases in a veterinary

clinic.

Lesson 5: Storage of Foods - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the importance of proper storage of animal foods to maintain food quality and safety.


1. Discuss methods of food storage to prevent spoilage and degradation.2. Discuss methods of food storage to prevent insect and rodent infestations.

Chapter 3 Patient Management

Lesson 1: Caring for Patients - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study methods for caring for patients in a veterinary practice.


1. Discuss the importance of patient care.2. Describe techniques for caring for various types of animals.3. Describe basic necessities required for patient care.4. Discuss the laws regarding patient care.

Lesson 2: Environmental Sanitation - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study sanitation techniques in the veterinary practice.

4


1. Discuss the importance of sanitation to the welfare and recovery of patients.2. Discuss the legal sanitation requirements.3. Describe sanitation techniques used in veterinary practice.4. Discuss the role of sanitation in disease prevention.

Lesson 3: Bedding & Housing for Patients - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study bedding and housing requirements for large, small, and exotic patients.


1. Describe the bedding and housing requirements for small animals.2. Describe the bedding housing requirements for large animals.3. Discuss the importance of proper bedding and housing to patient recovery.4. Discuss the legal requirements regarding animal housing.

Lesson 4: Pain Recognition - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study how to recognize and assist animal patients in pain.


1. Define pain.2. Discuss classifications of physiological pain.3. Describe behavioral signs that indicate pain.4. Describe the physiological response to pain.5. Discuss non-chemical procedures to assist a patient in possible pain.

Chapter 4 Normal Animal

Lesson 1: Anatomy & Physiology of Animals

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study an introduction to struc-tures and functions of the body systems of animals.


1. Define anatomy.

5

2. Discuss the different fields of anatomy.3. Identify and describe the integumentary system.4. Identify and describe the musculoskeletal system.5. Identify and describe the cardiovascular system.6. Identify and describe the lymphatic system.7. Identify and describe the digestive system.8. Identify and describe the respiratory system.9. Identify and describe the endocrine system.10. Identify and describe the urinary system.11. Identify and describe the reproductive system.12. Identify and describe the nervous system and special senses.

Lesson 2: Reading Animal Behavior

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study normal and abnormal behavior of animals.


1. Discuss the importance of understanding animal behavior.2. Distinguish between normal and abnormal animal behavior.3. Discuss the sense of smell as it relates to animal behavior.4. Discuss the sense of sight as it relates to animal behavior.5. Discuss the sense of hearing as it relates to animal behavior.6. Discuss the sense of touch as it relates to animal behavior.7. Recognize situations where animals may respond with aggressive behavior.

Lesson 3: Vital Signs

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the methods used for measuring vital signs of animals.


1. Describe two methods for measuring body temperature.2. Discuss the importance of determining an animal’s body temperature.3. Describe the methods for measuring pulse rates in animals.4. Discuss the importance of determining an animal’s pulse rate.5. Describe how to determine an animal’s respiration rate.6. Discuss the importance of respiration rates.

6

Lesson 4: Genetics

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the field of genetics and its role in veterinary medicine.


1. Describe the structure of genetic material.2. Describe the replication and expression of genetic material.3. Discuss the role of biotechnology in the animal industries.4. Describe the process of selection for convenience traits.

Lesson 5: Determining the Age of Animals

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the methods used to determine the age of animals.


1. Discuss the importance of determining the age of animals.2. Describe the methods to determine the age of a cow.3. Describe the methods to determine the age of a horse.4. Describe the methods to determine the age of a dog.5. Describe the methods to determine the age of a cat.

Lesson 6: Breeds of Dogs & Cats

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the major breeds of dogs and cats and the evolution of those breeds.


1. Discuss the evolution of man’s relationship with dogs and cats.2. Describe the characteristics shared by members of the Canidae family.3. Describe the classification system for dogs.4. List the uses for different breeds of dogs.5. Identify and describe the different breeds of dogs.6. Describe the characteristics shared by members of the family Felidae.7. Describe the classification system for cats.8. Identify and describe the different cat breeds.

Lesson 7: Breeds of Livestock

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the major breeds of live-stock and the evolution of those breeds.

7


1. Describe the classification system for cattle.2. Describe the classification system for horses.3. Describe the classification system for swine.4. Describe the classification system for sheep.5. Identify and describe the major breeds of livestock.

Chapter 5 Animal Nutrition

Lesson 1: Essential Food Nutrients

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the categories of feed nutrients and their importance in animal health.


1. Define essential nutrient.2. Define non-essential nutrient.3. List and discuss the six classes of nutrients.

Lesson 2: Nutrition & Management of Dogs, Cats, & Exotic Pets

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the importance of proper nutrition in small animal health, the nutrients required to sustain life, and feeding rec-ommendations for small animals at different stages in their lives.


1. Discuss the importance of small animal nutrition.2. Describe the five major nutrients in foods and why each is important in the diet.3. Discuss feeding recommendations for dogs at different life stages.4. Discuss feeding recommendations for cats at different life stages.5. Discuss feeding recommendations for exotic pets.

Lesson 3: Nutrition & Management of Livestock

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the importance of proper nutrition in large animal health and feeding recommendations for livestock in stages of growth, production, and reproduction.

8


1. Discuss sources of forages, concentrates, and supplements.2. Discuss the reasons for feeding concentrates and supplements.3. Discuss feeding recommendations that enhance the health of livestock.4. Discuss feeding recommendations that enhance production and reproduction of live-

stock.

Chapter 6

Handling & Restraining Animals

Lesson 1: Introduction to Handling & Restraining Animals

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the importance of prop-erly handling and restraining animals in veterinary practice.


1. Discuss the safety purposes of proper restraint to prevent harm to the patient and handler.

2. Discuss the importance of proper restraint during veterinary treatment.

Lesson 2: Common Knots

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the tying of knots in ropes used in the restraint of animals.


1. Describe secured knots in ropes.2. Describe quick release or slip knots in ropes.3. Describe the types of knots used to tie a rope to an animal.4. Describe the types of knots used to tie an animal to a physical structure.

Lesson 3: Handling & Restraining Dogs & Cats

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the proper techniques for handling and restraining dogs and cats during examinations and treatment.


1. Discuss the different fear responses of a dog and a cat.

9

2. Describe the steps for greeting a dog and a cat for the first time.3. Describe the steps for catching a vicious dog or cat or one that has been exposed to

rabies.4. Discuss techniques for restraining a dog or a cat during an examination.5. Discuss techniques for restraining a dog or a cat during various medical procedures.6. Describe special tools and procedures for restraining dogs and cats.

Lesson 4: Handling & Restraining Livestock

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the proper techniques for handling and restraining livestock during examinations and treatment.


1. Discuss the different fear responses of livestock.2. Describe the steps for catching livestock.3. Describe the techniques for restraining livestock.4. Describe special tools and procedures for restraining livestock.5. Describe the unique risks involved when handling and restraining livestock.

Lesson 5: Handling & Restraining Rodents, Rabbits, & Exotic Animals

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the proper techniques for handling and restraining these animals during examinations and treatment.


1. Discuss the different fear responses of these animals.2. Describe the steps for catching these animals.3. Describe the techniques for restraining these animals.4. Describe special tools and procedures for restraining these animals.5. Discuss the unique risks involved when handling and restraining these animals.

Chapter 7 Assisting With Examinations & Treatments

Lesson 1: Physical Examinations - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the techniques used in physical examinations.

10


1. Discuss the importance of the physical examination in diagnosing problems and diseases.2. Discuss the importance of an animal’s medical history and records in the diagnosis process.3. Discuss observation as a technique for diagnosis.4. Discuss the importance of proper restraint of the patient during examination.5. Describe the examination process.

Lesson 2: First Aid - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study first-aid procedures for medical treatments of injured animals.


1. Discuss topical medications used in the treatment of cuts and abrasions on the skin.2. Describe techniques for cleaning cuts and abrasions on the skin.3. Describe procedures to provide comfort to an injured animal.4. Describe techniques to control external bleeding.5. Describe techniques to support a broken leg.6. Describe artificial respiration procedures.

Lesson 3: Applying Bandages - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study purposes and techniques of applying bandages on patients.


1. Discuss reasons to bandage or not bandage patients for medical treatments.2. Describe types of bandages.3. Describe techniques for applying bandages.

Lesson 4: Handling & Administering Medication - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the calculation and mea-surement of medication dosages and the techniques and routes of administration of medica-tions to patients.


1. Discuss the measurement of calculated dosages of medication.2. Define routes of administration of medications.3. Describe the instruments used in administration of medications.

11

Lesson 5: Rehabilitation - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study clinical services and benefits of rehabilitating animal patients.


1. Define rehabilitation of animals.2. Discuss the knowledge and experience of veterinarians specialized in rehabilitation.3. List the types of animal health issues that can benefit from rehabilitation.4. Discuss the benefits of rehabilitation for animal patients.5. Discuss the clinical services of rehabilitation.

Chapter 8 Laboratory Aids & Examination

Lesson 1: Fecal, Blood, & Urine Examinations

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study laboratory techniques for collection and examination of feces, blood, and urine.


Fecal Examinations

1. Discuss the reasons why fecal samples are important to diagnosis.2. Describe the techniques for collecting and preserving a fecal sample.3. Describe the direct smear examination.4. Describe the flotation examination.5. Describe the gross examination.

Blood Examinations

1. Discuss the importance of blood samples in the diagnosis of certain diseases.2. Describe the method for collecting blood from animals.3. Describe the methods for preserving blood samples.4. Describe blood smears.5. Describe hemoglobin tests.6. Describe blood cell counts.7. List other types of blood tests.

Urine Examinations

1. Discuss the importance of urinalysis in confirming a diagnosis.2. Describe the steps for collecting urine from livestock and small animals.3. Describe the steps in physical examinations of urine.4. Describe chemical examination of urine.

12

5. Describe the steps in microscopic examination or urine.6. Perform physical, chemical and microscopic examinations of urine under the supervi-

sion of a veterinarian.

Lesson 2: Bacteriologic Tests

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study four diagnostic meth-ods of bacteriologic procedures: direct microscopic examination, culture, serologic tests, and animal inoculation.

Lesson Objectives: After completing this lesson, the student should be able to:List and describe procedures for the four general methods of bacteriologic diagnosis.

1. Identify the different morphologies of bacteria.2. Describe the process of Gram’s stain.3. Describe the equipment required to perform a culture.4. Describe the agglutination test.5. Describe the process of animal inoculation.

Lesson 3: Radiology - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study process and safety pre-cautions used in making radiographs.


1. Determine the appropriate machine settings for making a radiograph.2. Describe essential radiograph accessories.3. Describe the positions used to perform radiographs from different views.4. Describe safety precautions and discuss their importance.

Lesson 4: Post-Mortem Examinations

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the preparatory tech-niques, procedures, and uses of post-mortem examination.


1. Define necropsy.2. Discuss the importance of post-mortem examinations to veterinarians.3. Discuss the process of site selection for post-mortems.4. Describe the conditions that a veterinarian usually looks for in post-mortem examinations.

13

Lesson 5: Special Examinations

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the use of special equip-ment in the examination of body systems.


1. Describe the use of ultrasonography to evaluate conditions and functions of soft tissue.2. Describe the use of thermography to evaluate temperature of soft tissues.3. Describe the use of endoscopy to evaluate conditions and functions of hollow organs,

tissues, and joints.

Chapter 9

Human & Animal Health

Lesson 1: Genetics & Disease

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study an overview of the field of genetics and its role in animal diseases.


1. Define genetics.2. Discuss genetic predisposition to disease.3. Discuss genetic resistance to disease.4. Discuss the future of genetics and disease control.

Lesson 2: The Battle Against Disease

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study how diseases and para-sites are spread between animals.


1. Discuss the spread of infections by direct means.2. Discuss the spread of infections by indirect means.3. Describe the methods by which parasites are spread.4. Discuss sources of disease.

Lesson 3: Diseases Common to Humans & Animals

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study zoonoses, diseases shared by humans and animals.

14


1. Discuss zoonotic diseases that are transmitted by arthropods.2. Discuss zoonotic diseases transmitted by close contract between humans and animals.3. Discuss zoonotic diseases that are transmitted through animal food products.

Lesson 4: Food & Animal Diseases

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the effects of animal disease on human food supplies.


1. Discuss the importance of animal products in the food supply.2. Discuss the effects that animal diseases have on the food supply.3. Discuss diseases that can be transmitted to humans from diseased animal food products.4. Discuss production practices and processing procedures that are used to assure safe

and wholesome foods.

Lesson 5: Economic Losses

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the types of economic losses that occur as a result of animal diseases, dysfunctions, disorders, and intoxications.


1. Discuss the economic losses from effects on human health.2. Discuss the economic losses from effects on animal health.3. Discuss the economic losses due to animal mortality.4. Discuss the economic losses from damaged animal food products.5. Discuss practices to enhance productivity and to increase profitability and economic

efficiency of animals.

Lesson 6: Animal Assisted Therapy

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the roles animals play in assisting handicapped persons, elderly persons, and the general population.


1. Describe the various ways that animals assist handicapped persons.2. Discuss the importance of animals in therapy for elderly persons.3. Discuss the importance of animals for the mental health of people.4. Describe animal assisted therapy programs.

15

Chapter 10 Infectious Diseases

Lesson 1: Causes of Infectious Diseases

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study causative agents and risk factors of infectious diseases of animals.


1. Describe the major differences between causative agents.2. Discuss risk factors.3. Discuss primary causative factors.4. Discuss secondary causative factors.5. Discuss protective risk factors.

Lesson 2: Infectious Diseases: Digestive System

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study infectious diseases of the digestive system of animals.


1. Discuss some of the infections viruses can cause in the digestive system.2. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the digestive system.3. Discuss some of the infections parasites can cause in the digestive system.

Lesson 3: Infectious Diseases: Respiratory & Reproductive Systems

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study infectious diseases of the respiratory and reproductive systems of animals.


1. Discuss some of the infections viruses can cause in the respiratory and reproductive systems.

2. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the respiratory and reproductive systems.

3. Discuss some of the infections parasites can cause in the respiratory and reproductive systems.

16

Lesson 4: Infectious Diseases: Integumentary System

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study infectious diseases of the integumentary system of animals.


1. Discuss some of the infections viruses can cause in the skin.2. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the skin.3. Discuss some of the infections parasites can cause in the skin.4. Discuss some of the infections fungi can cause in the skin.

Lesson 5: Infectious Diseases: Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study infectious diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems of animals.


1. Discuss some of the infections viruses can cause in the cardiovascular system.2. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the cardiovascular system.3. Discuss some of the infections hemoparasites can cause in the cardiovascular system.4. Discuss some of the infections rickettsiae can cause in the cardiovascular system.5. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the lymphatic system.

Lesson 6: Infectious Diseases: Musculoskeletal & Nervous Systems

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study infectious diseases of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems of animals.


1. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the muscular system.2. Discuss some of the infections bacteria and viruses can cause in the skeletal system.3. Discuss some of the infections viruses can cause in the nervous system.4. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the nervous system.5. Discuss some of the infections protozoa can cause in the nervous system.6. Discuss some of the infections prions can cause in the nervous system.7. Discuss some of the infections fungi can cause in the nervous system.

Lesson 7: Infectious Diseases: Special Senses & Generalized Conditions

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study infectious diseases of the special senses and generalized conditions of animals.

17


1. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the eyes of animals.2. Discuss some of the infections bacteria can cause in the ears of animals.3. Discuss some of the generalized infections systemic bacteria can cause in animals.4. Discuss some of the generalized infections systemic fungi can cause in animals.

Chapter 11 Non-Infectious Diseases

Lesson 1: Nutritional Diseases

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study nutritional problems and diseases related to deficiencies or imbalances of water, minerals, vitamins, proteins, carbohy-drates, and fats in animal diets.


1. Discuss the importance of water in the animal diet.2. Discuss the need for energy in the animal diet.3. Discuss the importance of minerals in animal diets.4. Discuss the importance of vitamins in animal diets.5. Describe the signs of protein deficiency.6. Describe the signs of a phosphorous deficiency.7. Describe the signs and causes of grass tetany.8. Describe the signs and causes of milk fever.9. Describe the signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies.10. Give examples of nutritional diseases in cats, cattle and horses.11. Discuss conditions that create increased nutritional needs.

Lesson 2: Reproductive Non-Infectious Diseases

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study reproductive problems of the cattle and horses and the management steps that can be taken to minimize these problems.


1. Recognize the economic importance of reproductive problems.2. Describe infertility problems that affect the cow.3. Describe infertility problems that affect the mare.4. Describe infertility problems that affect the stallion.5. Discuss the factors that cause dystocia.6. Discuss the management of reproductive problems.

18

Lesson 3: Chemical Poisoning Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study chemicals that animals encounter most often, signs of chemical poisoning, and steps to prevent chemical poisoning.


1. Recognize situations where chemical poisoning poses the greatest risk for animals.2. List chemical poisons that animals encounter most commonly.3. Recognize substances that contain chemical poisons.4. Discuss sources of assistance to consult when poisoning occurs.

Lesson 4: Toxicity of Insecticides

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study common insecticides, the proper use of insecticides, the care of animals poisoned by insecticides, and sources of assistance when poisoning occurs.


1. List safety precautions that should be employed when using insecticides.2. List and discuss the three major types of insecticides that cause problems in animals.3. Describe the common signs of poisoning in animals.4. Describe the steps that should be taken to treat a poisoned animal.5. Discuss the sources of assistance that may be consulted when poisoning occurs.

Lesson 5: Poisonous Plants

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study poisonous plants, their effects on livestock, and methods of preventing poisoning.


1. Discuss the factors that cause an animal to consume poisonous plants.2. Describe the signs of oak poisoning.3. List and recognize plants that contain cyanide.4. Describe signs of cyanide poisoning.5. List and recognize plants that contain excessive nitrate.6. Describe signs of nitrate poisoning.7. Discuss laboratory methods for diagnosing plant poisoning in animals.

19

Lesson 6: Miscellaneous Non-Infectious Diseases

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study dysfunctions related to deficiencies or imbalances of hormones and disorders related to physical injuries and stress.


1. Describe diseases of the endocrine system.2. Describe stress disorders.3. Discuss heat exhaustion and heat exertion.4. Discuss types of burns, cuts, fractures, and sprains.

Chapter 12

Principles & Methods of Disease Control

Lesson 1: Prevention

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study principles of manage-ment practices as preventive measures against disease to foster the optimum health of animals.


1. Discuss management practices targeted toward sources of diseases.2. Discuss management practices targeted toward transmission of diseases.3. Discuss management practices targeted toward resistance and immunity of animals

against diseases.

Lesson 2: Treatment

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles of animal therapy in disease control.


1. Discuss drug and chemical therapy.2. Discuss nutritional therapy.3. Discuss physical therapy.4. Discuss supportive therapy.5. Discuss surgical therapy.

20

Lesson 3: Controlling Internal Parasites

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study principles of manage-ment practices as preventive measures against internal parasites.


1. Describe nutritional management practices used to control internal parasites.2. Describe sanitation management practices used to control internal parasites.3. Describe strategic administration of drugs to control internal parasites.

Lesson 4: Controlling External Parasites

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study principles of manage-ment practices as preventive measures against external parasites.


1. Describe environmental management practices used to control external parasites.2. Describe strategic administration of chemicals to control external parasites.

Lesson 5: Veterinary Biological Products

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles of immu-nization practices that are used to control animal diseases.


1. Describe modified live vaccines.2. Describe killed vaccines or bacterins.3. Discuss proper handling of vaccines.4. Discuss proper vaccination procedures.

Lesson 6: Disinfectants

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles of chemi-cal disinfection that are used to control animal diseases.


1. Describe types of chemical disinfectants.2. Discuss proper handling of chemical disinfectants.3. Discuss proper disinfection procedures.

21

Lesson 7: Dietary Management of Small Animals - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the importance of dietary management in small animals and the health problems that arise due to nutritional errors.


1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in small animal health.2. Discuss problems due to nutritional errors.3. Discuss health conditions that respond to dietary management.

Lesson 8: Quarantines & Eradication Programs

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study principles of quarantine management practices to control and eradicate animal diseases.


1. Discuss identification and quarantine procedures for carriers of animal diseases.2. Discuss identification and disposal procedures for carriers of animal diseases.3. Describe roles of agencies in the county, state, and federal government for imple-

menting regulatory eradication programs against animal diseases.

Chapter 13 Sterilization & Disinfection

Lesson 1: Sterilization - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study sterilization, antiseptic, and disinfection and their effectiveness.


1. Understand and utilize correct sterilization and antiseptic techniques.2. Distinguish between sterilization and antiseptics.3. List the characteristics of an ideal antiseptic.4. Describe sterilizing agents and rank their effectiveness.5. Discuss time/temperature relationship in destroying microorganisms.

22

Lesson 2: Disinfection - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study disinfection processes and techniques employed in veterinary practice.


1. Understand and utilize correct disinfection techniques for surgical suites and instru-ments.

2. Describe the process of preparing instruments for sterilization.

Chapter 14 Assisting With Surgery

Lesson 1: Surgical Instruments & Terminology - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study various instruments used in surgery.


1. Describe various surgical instruments.2. Discuss the names of various surgical instruments.

Lesson 2: Surgical Preparation & Procedures - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the procedures and prac-tices of surgery.


1. Describe pre-surgery procedures.2. Describe procedures for assisting in surgery.3. Describe post-surgery procedures.

Lesson 3: Anesthesia - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles and proce-dures of anesthesia.


1. Describe the effects of anesthesia.

23

2. Describe types of anesthesia.3. Describe the stages of anesthesia.

Lesson 4: Preparing Hands & Field of Operation - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study procedures in preparing hands and the field of operation.


1. List steps in washing hands.2. List steps in preparation of the surgical site.3. List and describe types of germicides.4. Discuss sources of contamination.

Lesson 5: Sterile Gloves & Gowns - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study procedures in handling surgical gloves and gowns.


1. Describe the procedure for putting on gowns.2. Describe the procedure for putting on gloves.3. Discuss sources of contamination.

Chapter 15 Production Practices

Lesson 1: Integrated Resource Management

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles of inte-grated resource management that are used to foster optimum health and increase the produc-tivity and economic efficiency of animals.


1. Discuss herd health programs.2. Discuss quality assurance programs for food animals.3. Discuss integration of resources in the management of a food animal operation.

24

Lesson 2: Dehorning, Castrating, & Docking - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study proper procedures for dehorning, castrating, and docking.


1. Describe dehorning techniques for calves.2. Describe castrating techniques for calves, lambs, and pigs.3. Describe tail docking techniques for lambs.4. Discuss benefits of dehorning, castrating, and docking.

Lesson 3: Marketing Animals

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study various marketing pro-grams for the sale of animals.


1. Discuss public auction markets.2. Discuss private treaty sales.3. Discuss order buying.

Lesson 4: Preparing Livestock for Shipment

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the methods used to prepare livestock for shipment: preconditioning, backgrounding, dehorning and castration, branding, and implants.


1. Describe the process of preconditioning.2. Describe the process of backgrounding.3. Discuss the need for dehorning and castration.4. Discuss fire branding and freeze branding.5. Describe the schedule used for implanting.

Lesson 5: Collecting & Handling Semen

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles of prop-erly collecting and handling semen.

25


1. Describe methods for semen collection.2. List the steps in handling semen for freezing.

Lesson 6: Artificial Insemination

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles for artifi-cial insemination breeding programs for animals.


1. Discuss estrous synchronization.2. Discuss timing of artificial insemination.3. Describe procedures for artificial insemination of mares and cows.

Lesson 7: Reproduction & Rectal Palpation in Cattle

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles of repro-ductive physiology and pregnancy diagnosis of animals.


1. Describe the estrous cycles.2. Describe breeding soundness examinations of female animals.3. Discuss breeding soundness examinations of male animals.4. Describe procedures for pregnancy diagnosis, including rectal palpation techniques.

Lesson 8: Assistance at Birth - Clinical

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles of assist-ing the birthing process of animals.


1. Describe the types of dystocia.2. Describe the types of procedures in handling dystocias.3. Describe the normal parturition process.

26

Lesson 9: Weaning Calves

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the purpose and process of weaning.


1. Define weaning.2. Discuss the purpose for weaning.3. Discuss the process of weaning.4. Discuss the problems that can arise during weaning.

Lesson 10: Records & Record Keeping

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study major components of records and importance of record keeping.


1. Understand the importance of record keeping of livestock production operations.2. Understand the major components of a record.

Chapter 16

Regulatory Veterinary Medicine

Lesson 1: Interstate & International Movement of Animals

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the principles of health regulations for interstate and international movement of animals as enforced by state and federal regulatory agencies.


1. Discuss the importance of health requirements for livestock and poultry entering another state.

2. Understand that health regulations are required for livestock and poultry to enter another state.

3. Understand that health regulations are required for livestock and poultry to enter another country.

27

Lesson 2: Brucellosis & Tuberculosis Eradication Programs

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state and federal regulatory disease programs to eradicate brucellosis in cattle and swine and tuberculosis in cattle.


1. Discuss the decrease in the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and swine.2. Discuss the decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle.3. Understand that health regulations are health management practices used to prevent

the spread of the diseases.

Lesson 3: Anthrax Control Program

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state and federal regulatory disease programs to control anthrax in livestock.


1. Understand that because anthrax has been a reportable disease, it has been controlled.2. Understand that surveillance of a disease prevents its spread.

Lesson 4: Rabies Control Program

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state, county, and city regulatory programs to control rabies in animals.


1. Understand that because rabies is a reportable disease, it has been controlled.2. Understand that health regulations for rabies prevent its spread among animals and to

humans.

Lesson 5: Pseudorabies Control Program

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state and federal regulatory disease programs to eradicate pseudorabies in swine.


1. Discuss the decrease in the prevalence of pseudorabies in swine.2. Understand that health regulations are health management practices used to prevent

the spread of disease.

28

Lesson 6: Pullorum-Typhoid, Avian Influenza, & Exotic Newcastle Disease Control Programs

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state and federal regulatory disease programs to control pullorum, typhoid, avian influenza, and exotic New-castle disease in poultry.


1. Discuss the decrease in the prevalence of fowl diseases: pullorum, typhoid, influenza, and exotic Newcastle.

2. Understand that health regulations prevent the spread of disease.

Lesson 7: Bovine Trichomoniasis Control Program

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state regulatory dis-ease programs to control trichomoniasis in cattle.


1. Discuss the cause, transmission, and prevention of genital trichomoniasis in cattle.2. Describe the disease condition of trichomoniasis in cows.3. Describe diagnostic procedures for bovine trichomoniasis.4. Discuss state regulations for control of bovine trichomoniasis.

Lesson 8: Vesicular Stomatitis Control Program

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state regulatory dis-ease programs to control vesicular stomatitis in livestock.


1. Explain the measures taken to prevent introduction of vesicular stomatitis in livestock operations.

2. Explain the measures taken to control vesicular stomatitis in an infected livestock farm.

Lesson 9: West Nile Encephalitis Control Program

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state regulatory dis-ease programs to control West Nile encephalitis in horses.

29


1. Explain the measures taken to prevent introduction of West Nile encephalitis in horse operations.

2. Explain the measures taken to control West Nile encephalitis in an infected horse farm.

Lesson 10: Food Safety Program

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study quality assurance pro-grams in food animal production that are used to produce safe and wholesome food.


1. Understand pre-harvest food safety practices.2. Understand harvest food safety practices.3. Understand post-harvest food safety practices.4. Understand that surveillance of food animal production practices protects the food

supply.

Lesson 11: Drug Residue Avoidance Program

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study producers’ drug residue avoidance programs in food animal production that are used to produce safe and wholesome food.


1. Understand that surveillance of food animal production practices protects the food supply.

2. Understand that proper administration of approved drugs and chemicals prevents drug residues in milk and meat.

3. Understand that following withdrawal times for drugs and chemicals prevents drug residues in milk and meat.

Lesson 12: Carcass Disposal Regulations

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study state regulations for proper disposal of animal carcasses.


1. Discuss why disposal of carcasses is regulated.2. Discuss who is responsible for making sure the carcasses are properly disposed.

30

3. Discuss how farmers can dispose of livestock and poultry carcasses.4. Discuss where farmers can bury livestock and poultry carcasses.5. Discuss where farmers can burn livestock and poultry carcasses.

Lesson 13: Animal Welfare Regulations

Lesson Goals: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state and federal regulations to promote optimum health, welfare, and well-being of animals.


1. Understand that surveillance of animal production practices protects the well-being of animals.

2. Understand that the veterinary medical profession supports animal health.

Lesson 14: Medical Waste Disposal

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state and federal regulations for the proper disposal of medical waste to protect the health of human and ani-mal populations.


1. Understand that surveillance of medical waste disposal reduces the hazards of dis-eases and injuries.

2. Understand that proper disposal of blood, tissue, and sharps reduces environmental hazards and animal and human dangers.

Lesson 15: Pesticide Regulations

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the state and federal regulations for proper pesticide applications.


1. Understand the regulations requiring people who use restricted pesticides to have pesticide applicator licenses protect the environment, animals, and the public.

2. Understand that following pesticide labels protects the environment, animals, and the public.

31

Lesson 16: Laws Related to Veterinary Medicine

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study the laws related to vet-erinary practice and how those laws affect the everyday operations in the practice.


1. Discuss the laws governing veterinary practice.2. Discuss the effects these laws have on management and operations in the practice.3. Describe how these laws have affected veterinary practice.

Chapter 17 Animal, Management During Emergencies

Lesson 1: Natural, Accidental, & Intentional Outbreaks of Disease

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study phases of emergency management for disease outbreaks in animal populations.Lesson Objectives:

After completing this lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Discuss the potential occurrences of animal disease outbreaks.2. Describe endemic, emerging, zoonotic, and foreign animal diseases.

Lesson 2: Emergency Animal Management During Disasters

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study emergency animal management plans developed and implemented by local and state government entities before, during, and after natural and man-made disasters.


1. Discuss first defenders against animal disease outbreaks.2. Describe the key components of state emergency plans for animal disasters.3. Describe the key components of local emergency plans for animal disasters.

Lesson 3: Clinic Emergency Management Plan

Lesson Goal: The student shall be provided the opportunity to study emergency animal management plans developed and implemented by veterinary clinics before, during, and after natural and man-made disasters.

32


1. Discuss risk assessment of potential disasters.2. Describe written plan for evacuation.3. Describe written plan for recovery.4. Discuss simulative exercise of complete plan.

Curriculum Guidebreckenridge.region14.net/users/0182/Veterinary Science Lesson... ·...

Documents

Transcript of Curriculum Guidebreckenridge.region14.net/users/0182/Veterinary Science Lesson... ·...