ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES TOWARDS TRADITIONAL MEDICINES BY FILIPINO AND AUSTRALIAN COMMUNITIES IN DARWIN

De La Salle University - Dasmarias CRITIQUINGTHE K-12 BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAMBASED ON TYLERS QUESTIONS

A Final Output& Fulfilment of the Requirement for the CourseGREM 206 CURRICULUM ORGANIZATION & DEVELOPMENT

Submitted to:Dr. Albert E. LupisanProfessor

Submitted by:Lolita R. VisitacionMAEd Educational Mgmt.October 5, 2013

INTRODUCTION: Philippine education is moving forward with the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, according to the Department of Education (DepED). The buzzword this year is the K to 12 Program which covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School). In fact, the program has been rolling since SY 2011-12 when the Universal Kindergarten began. The enhanced curriculum for Grade 1 and Grade 7 (1st Year Junior High School) is rolled out this school year and will be progressively introduced in the other grade levels in succeeding school years. Grade 11 will be introduced in SY 2016-2017 and Grade 12 in SY 2017-2018. The first batch of high school students to go through K to 12 will graduate in March 2018.The current administration sees K to 12 as one of its legacies since reforming the education system took 88 years before coming into fruition. It was proposed in 1925 when Manuel L. Quezon was Senate President and Leonard Wood was the Civil Governor.On hindsight, there is a reason to celebrate since the Philippines is the last country in Asia, and one of only three countries worldwide (together with Angola and Djibouti), with a 10-year pre-university cycle.One of the major reforms in basic education is the addition of Senior High School or Grades 11 and 12. It is the two years of specialized upper secondary education students may choose as specialization based on attitude, interests, and school capacity. In his article on Sunday Bulletin Global Competitiveness: Sustaining the rise, Sen. Edgardo J. Angara said, government has already undertaken key reforms to rectify our educational systems persistent inability to produce fresh Science and Technology talent. Changes under K-12 Enhanced Basic Education Program include a new curriculum aimed at generating a deeper appreciation, not rote memorization, of key scientific concepts. Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and other natural sciences will now be taught every year of high school instead of separately. Our experts hope that with such a spiral approach, students will be better able to grasp not just pieces of information but underlying scientific principles. Yet more and more article is being written about enhancing the curriculum, improving teachers and their teaching, issues and challenges, and governments assurance in effecting the enhanced basic curriculum. But the question is do schools have enough textbooks and classrooms? Do the teachers have enough training? Do the government have enough resources? Are we ready for this so called change?This paper is written based on the four questions of Ralph W. Tyler (1950) to analyze and determine the objectives, the content, the organizational method, and the evaluation of the K-12 program of the Government.

A good education is no longer just a pathway to opportunity, it is a pre-requisite. President Barack Obama....

To accomplish great things, we must not only act, but also dream; not only plan, but also believe. Anatole France1. What educational purposes should the K-12 program seek to attain? (objective) Streamline the curriculum to improve mastery of basic competencies.The implementation of the K-12 program will be phased to make the countrys education system at par with international standards. The competencies and skills of a K-12 graduate. The Department of Education will constitute a body to review the basic education curriculum and detail the implementation plan. Ensure seamlessness of primary, secondary, and post-secondary education. To develop tracks based on different competencies and and/or student interest as an integral component of the program. Basic education program should develop tracks based on competencies to meet the countries varied human capital requirements, and to prepare students for productive endeavour. The SHS Curriculum will offer areas of specialization or electives. Improve teaching and learning outcomes through the use of enhanced pedagogies. Enhance the basic education curriculum being undertaken hand in hand with vigorous efforts to ensure adequacy of inputs as part of the bigger basic education reform, expanding the education program (additional years of schooling will be pursued mindful of the need to address the input shortages teachers, classrooms, desks, water and sanitation, and quality textbook. DepEd already included a provision for substantial physical requirements for 2011 and is looking to introduce in subsequent years a budget that will constitute a significant increase not just in nominal terms but in real terms. To alter change in two-fold: Curriculum Enhancement and Transition Management. The intention of K-12 is not merely to add two years of schooling but more importantly, to enhance the basic education curriculum. Expand job opportunities for both graduates and school leavers alike by reducing the mismatch between acquired skills and available jobs, and provide stronger foundation for higher learning.A sage once said, Whether we are conscious or not, education is the force that will, more than any other shapes the worlds future. We are now looking at a new world of the next generation of Filipinos. Said Antonio Meloto, Jr. Founder of Gawad Kalinga.Its beneficial and rewarding to all the Filipino citizen to improve their lives through the program of the government providing education that would make them excellent, competent, productive, creative and transformed to be a leader not only to this nation but through out the world.

2. What educational experiences can be provided that is likely to attain these purposes? (content)In public school, Science is integrated in all the other subjects. Whether Science is explicitly or implicitly taught, however, it will be taught in a spiral manner. That means, that as early as Grade 1 physics, statistics, and so on will be taught, but in such a small dose that pupils and parents will not even know that these are in the curriculum. In Grade 2, exactly the same topics will be taught, but on a little bit deeper level. Every grade level, the same topics will be tackled, but always from a broader or deeper perspective, until by the end of Grade 12, students will have such a sophisticated grasp of science that they will be ready for the research demanded by higher education. In Junior High School (JHS), Let say for example, Pedro will start discovering what he is really good at (Exploratory). Suppose that he wants eventually to open his own game development company, he will pay a lot of attention to the computer lessons offered by his school. He will be the class whiz when it comes to understanding software. He will be on all the social media. He can be found spending his weekends at an internet cafe, competing in online games. Pedro will not earn any special certificate after he finishes Grade 8. When he gets to Grade 9, however, he will be seriously pursuing a National Certificate (NC) give by the Technical Education and Skills Development Academy (TESDA). In Grade 9 and 10, Pedro who has an interest in information technology, will probably take subjects such as Basic Computer Operation, Computer Hardware Servicing, and Hardware and Software Troubleshooting. He will not have much time to spend on the computer, however, because he will still have to study the usual academic subjects.According to the age map, Senior High is composed of 16-17 years old students. The seven Learning Areas under the Core Curriculum are Languages, Literature, Communication, Mathematics, Philosophy, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences.Senior High students will choose among three tracks: Academic: Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. Each of these tracks offers different strands for students. TVL consists of numerous TESDA courses. Students opting for Sports and Arts my specialize in Music, Dance, Film & Media, Visual Arts, Indigenous Art, Theatre Writing, and so on. The Academic track consists of three strands namely: HES (Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences), STEM (Science, Technology Engineering Business, Accountancy, and Management; Humanities, Education, Social Sciences (HESS); and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics.In October 2011, a group called the Technical Panel on General Education (TPGE) submitted a report on the College Readiness Standards (CRS). The standards cover the following subject areas: Science (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, and Earth Science); Mathematics (including Statistics); English; Filipino; Literature; Humanities; and, Social Studies. The Subject areas were divided into two aspects: Content and Performance. Among the five members of the TPGE, Dr. Isagani R. Cruz took charge of the standards for English, Filipino, and Literature. Dr. Cruz, a former undersecretary of Education, stressed on significant points in the CRS document. In the Content part of the subject area of Filipino, he said that, after 12 years of pre-university education, a student wishing to enter college should know among others: the number of languages in the Philippines; the 10 major languages of the Philippines; and the different levels of discourse in Filipino. After graduating from Senior High, a student is required to know the general concepts in the linguistic and metalinguistic study of Filipino, such as language, dialect, idiolect, variety, variation, register, domain, and repertoire.The world is bustling with opportunities and only the well prepared can take them. I think this is a great opportunity for all the Filipinos of today to adopt these programs, as it will decongest curriculum and pave the way for mastery and competence to enable students to better cope with the lessons. Through the program, a balanced approach to learning will enable children to acquire and master lifelong learning skills for the 21st century. 3. How can these educational experiences be effectively organized? (method)A. Creation of Task Force To jumpstart the program, a task force will be refine and detail the K-12 implementation model. The Task Force will be chaired by DepEd.

B. Stakeholder Consultations Regional consultations leading to a national summit on enhanced Basic Education will be conducted to solicit inputs and feedback on the proposed model. Consultations will cover all stakeholders (PTAs, Public and Private Elementary, and High School, Legislators, Government Agencies, Business Sector, Education Experts, Teacher Associations, Students and Education Associations) and all regions.C. Financial Study -DepEd aims to fill all resource gaps by the end of 2013. The DepEd budget was increased by 15 percent from P207 billion in 2011 to P238.8 billion in 2012, which is being utilized to address the basic education input gaps, among others. The government allots the biggest share of the national budget to public basic education, but the amount barely keeps up with the increasing student population sans the deficits inherited from previous years and decades.D. Curriculum Review and Enhancement - This will start with the development, validation, and nationwide implementation of the Enhance Basic Curriculum for grade I and high school I. Senior High School curriculum shall be Improvement developed and validated, along with the development of appropriate learning resources.

E. to Quality of Teachers and Teaching The National Competency Based Teacher Standards 1 is at the heart of Teacher Education and Development. It defines dimensions of effective teaching: social regard for learning, the learning environment, the diversity of learners, curriculum, planning, assessing and reporting, community linkages, and personal growth, and personal development.F. Legislation DepEd will work for the passage of all necessary and related legislations on the K-12 Basic Education Program.G. K-12 Information, Education and Communication All stakeholders shall be consulted. A massive public information campaign based on the 12 year design model and implementation scheme will be implemented. The fact that there are many policies, consultations, reviews and studies with regards to enhancing the basic educational program, its true that implementers must be more willing to recognize the need for change. How much compliance with the government can impact our education. I think compliance is the key to all. I believe that if all the agencies of the government, the teachers, parents and students would take their hearts into these programs, then, we can lead the country into progress and success. 4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained? (evaluation)You can see how different the K-12 curriculum is from the current (or just discarded) curriculum. Today, because President Aquino promised, as one of the ten points in his agenda for education, that there would be technical education in high school, DepEd is working closely with TESDA not only in the planning, but also in the implementation of the curriculum. The K-12 curriculum is outcomes-based. Students from kindergarten to Grade 12 are being prepared for one or more of the following outcomes: Higher education, middle level skills development, entrepreneurship, and employment.The first outcome of the new curriculum is for all students to be qualified for higher education. DepEd wants to ensure that all Senior High School (SHS) graduates are qualified to pursue a college degree.For example, Pedro will be prepared to enrol in a bachelors degree in Animation because he will already have a National Certificate (NC) in Animation by the time he finishes Grade 12.The other three outcomes of the new curriculum also ensures that students who do not foresee going to college immediately (that is, those students that will join the world of work directly after Grade 12) will have the necessary skills to take on, at the very best, middle level task. These tasks may be within a company of their own (thus, entrepreneurship) or an established company (thus, employment).Pedro, for example, if he does not go to college immediately but decides to spend all his time putting up his game development company, will already have NCs in Animation and Entrepreneurship, both of which will be important for him to run a small enterprise. He will know enough to create a narrative for a game, enough to do animation for a foreign company if he decides to be an outsourcer, and enough to handle the business planning for his three or four employee, needless to say, if he wants to expand his company.We will see the very difference of what graduates are after 2016, because its clear to view the system in the context of work, not employment alone but also entrepreneurship spirit as well.We should all have patience and a strong determination in this manner because this is the 2nd year K-12 is implemented. There are a lot of adjustment, revision and development that has to be made so as to have an improved curriculum. We made gradual, so we will improve as we move along the full implementation. This year will not be problematic as last year, said Education Assistant Secretary Jesus Mateo.

To get something you never had, you have to do something you never did, said President Jon Ramon Aboitiz of Aboitiz Group Foundation. CONCLUSION:Filipinos are known to be competitive in the international community. While this may be true, our current education system hinders us in becoming more competitive among other countries. The K-12 education plan offers a great solution to that problem. However, it is undeniable that there seems to be problems arising as we implement the program such as those I mentioned in this paper. But, if we focus on the long-term effect of K-12, I can conclude that it is very beneficial to every Filipino. Therefore, we must have the strong will in supporting K-12 Educational Plan for the betterment of our education system and economy. Remember, if we want change in our society, we must start it with our education system.I should say that the Aquino government is so powerful that it made manifest the implementation of enhancing the basic education of the Philippines. I salute the President for his wise decision because this is the system that would put the country into global arena and the citizen into high standard, competitive to the world with such pride and stability.