Slide 1

Presented to : Mam Mumtaz Akhtar

Presented by: Umm-e-Rubab

Chapter :15

Individualizing the Curriculum

Agenda of the presentationIndividualized curriculumWhy individualized curriculum programDifferentiated instructionDifferentiated instructional beliefsTypes of previous individualized programsCurrent adoptive approaches9 factors of adoptive curriculaExplanation of current approachesConclusion

Individualized curriculumIndividualized curriculum involves promoting student choice, curriculum integration, differentiated learning, and self-assessment that engage students deeply in learning. (Brown, 2002).

Why Individualized Curriculum Programs?Educators continue to search for curricula that respond to individual differences among students in the classroom so to cope up with individual differences they focus on individualized curriculum.

Differentiated InstructionDifferentiated instruction is an approach applied to teaching and learning that gives students multiple options for taking information and making sense of ideas (Hall, Strangman, & Meyer, 2011)

Differentiated Instruction BeliefsStudents who are the same age differ in their readiness, interests, styles of learning, experiences, and life circumstances.Students will learn best when supportive adults push them to work without assistance.Students will learn best when they can make a connection between the curriculum and their interests and life experiences (Passman, 2009).

Types of Previous Individualized ProgramsProviding Elective CoursesCurriculum TrackingOffering mini-coursesOpen classroomsSelf-paced instruction

Current Adaptive ApproachesAn important aspect of any adaptive approach is that it relates to curriculum standards and that it is simple to use them into academic situations with well-organized plans and congruent unit objectives .

(March & Peters, 2002).

9 Factors of Adaptive CurriculaGreater attention to problem solving.Focus by staff on most important parts of curriculum.Alignment of expected outcomes.Connections between different subject areas .Inclusion of a variety of methods (inquiry, guided discussion, action research).

ContiAuthentic performance assessments.Multiple opportunities for teachers to collaborate.High quality materials.Consistency in preparation of student for next grade.

Current Adaptive Approaches - ModelsAdaptive Learning Environments ModelCooperative Learning ModelsLearning-Styles ModelsMastery Learning ModelsComputer-Based Models

Adaptive Learning Environments ModelIt is an attempt to combine the direct instruction with open education system that is found to be more effective.ALEM attempts to restructure the school environment rather than to alter the instructional system.

Cooperative Learning ModelsCooperative learning methods provide teachers with effective ways to response to diverse students by promoting academic achievement and cross-cultural understanding.

Learning-Styles ModelsEven the slowest and more reluctant reader can learn to read well when taught according to their individual learning styles (Mariacarbo,2003)According to this model learners differ in their styles of learning, those styles are assessed and that knowledge of styles help both learner and teacher.

Mastery learning ModelMLM includes the following six steps:Clearly specified learning objectivesShort and valid assessment proceduresSpecific mastery standardsSequence of learning procedureProvision of feedbackProvision of extra time and help on errors.

ConclusionWe can say that the important ingredient for creating successful curriculum reform include a culturally and linguistically responsive staff as well as thoughtfully planned and developmentally appropriate curriculum that is likely to promote positive outcomes for all children.