CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS OF Five Year Integrated...

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE INLASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES

(CELOS)

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS OF

Five Year Integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics

COCHIN UNIVERSITY OFSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COCHIN - 682 022

2007

Contact Address

Director,Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronic Sciences,Cochin University of Science and Technology,Cochin-682022.Phone: 0484 - 2577540

INTEGRATED M.Sc. COURSE IN PHOTONICS

Taking into consideration of the importance of the new and emerging subject of Photonics,

Cochin University of Science and Technology took steps to conduct an integrated Masters Programme

in Photonics under the faculty of technology. The five year integrated M.Sc. Degree course in

Photonics is being offered by the Center of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronic Sciences

(CELOS) which has been established in this university through a special grant intended for this

purpose from UGC. The activities under the CELOS have been jointly proposed by the International

School of Photonics (ISP), Department of Physics and Department of Electronics of CUSAT. The

M.Sc. course is a salient part of the activities under the CELOS programme sponsored by UGC.

Photonics is a Hi-Tech subject that has evolved as a result of the fusion of optical technology

with electronics. Its deep impact in areas like communication, computing and control as well as in

fields like medicine, industry, defense and entertainment has made Photonics as an independent

subject on its own right. The present M.Sc. course has been designed in such a way that it includes

the essential subjects like Physics, Mathematics, Electronics, Applied Optics, Quantum Optics,

Instrumentation and Computer Science which makes this a virtually stand alone course.

Scope of the course

Recent advances in Photonics technology for imaging, health care and consumer electronics

have contributed unprecedented progress in every sphere of human activities. Photonics based

companies and R&D institutions are growing day by day who need people trained in photonics and

allied areas.

CONTENT Page No.

Semester I 11

Semester II 16

Semester III 22

Semester IV 27

Semester V 32

Semester VI 37

Semester VII 40

Semester VIII 43

Semester IX 45

Semester X 57

Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronics Sciences Cochin University of Science and TechnologyIntegrated MSc Degree in Photonics — The course structure:

( Applicable from I st semester of 2007 admission and from the 7 th semester of the batchesfrom 2004 admissions onwards)

SEMESTER I

Course Subject Work/weekCredit

Marks

Lecture Lab Tutorial IE UE TotalCEL1101 Mechanics and

Wave Phenomena 3 1 350 50

100CEL1102 Electricity and

Magnetism3 1 3 50 50 100

CELT 103 Optics I-Geometrical

Optics

3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1104 Mathematics I 3 1 3 50 50 100CELI105 Statistical Methods 3 1 3 50 50 100CEL1106 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150CEL1107 Communicative

English2 1 2 100 100

Total for Semester I 17 6 6 20 500 250 750

SEMESTER II


Marks

Lecture Lab Tutorial IE UE TotalCEL1201 Electronics I- Basic

Electronics 3 1 350 50

100CEL1202 Optics II -Physical

Optics3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1203 Mathematics II 3 1 3 50 50 100CEL1204 Classical Mechanics 3 1 3 50 50 100CEL1205 Nuclei, Particles and

Beams3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1206 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150CEL1207 History of Science

and Technology 1 1 1 50 50Total for Semester II 16 6 6 19 450 250 700

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES5

SEMESTER III

Course Subject(modified))

Work/weekCredit

Marks

Lecture Lab Tutorial IE UE Total

CEL1301 Electronics IIAnalog and Digital

Electronics 31 3

50 50100

CEL1302 Optics III- OpticalInstrumentation 3 1 3

50 50100

CEL1303 Thermodynamicsand Statistical

Mechanics3 1 3

50 50100

CEL1304 Mathematics III 3 1 3 50 50 100CEL1305 Atomic

Spectroscopy 3 1 350 50

100CEL1306 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150CEL1307 Seminar 1 1 50 50

Total for Semester III 16 6 5 19 450 250 700

SEMESTER IV


Marks


CEL1401 Electronics IIIMicroprocessors

and theirApplications

3 1 350 50

100

CEL1402 Computer Science 3 1 3 50 50 100CEL1403 Quantum

Mechanics I3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1404 ElectomagneticTheory andRelativisticPhenomena

3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1405 Mathematics IV 3 1 3 50 50 100CEL1406 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150CEL1407 Workshop 1 1 100 100CELI408 Seminar I I 50 50

Total for Semester II 17 6 5 20 550 250 800

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE iN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 6

SEMESTER V


Marks


CEL1501 Optics IV -AppliedOptics

31 3

50 50100

CEL1502 Electronics IV-Electronic

Instrumentation3 1 3

50 50100

CEL1503 QuantumMechanics II

3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1504 Materials Science 3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1505 MolecularSpectroscopy

3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1506 LabNiva 6 3 100+50 150

CEL1507 Seminar 1 1 50 50Total for Semester V 16 6 5 19 450 250 700

SEMESTER VI


Marks


CEL1601 Photonics I-Optoelectronics 3 1 3

50 50100

CEL1602 Photonicsll-FibreOptics

3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1603 Photonicslll-LaserPhysics

3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL1604 Project/Viva 12 4 200 200

CEL1605 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150

Total for Semester VI 9 18 3 16 500 150 650Total for Semester I-VI 113 2900 1400 4300

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRON'ICS SCIENCES7

SEMESTER VII

( course number of electives 2EX1- 2EX7 correspond to course numbers of electives chosen fromthe list of electives given separately. For example if 2E01 Network analysis and CommunicationEngineering and 2E03 Optical Sensor Technology are given as the Elective I and Elective IIrespectively in the VII semester then CEL 2EX 1 and CEL 2EX2 will be CEL 2E01 and 2E03respectively )

Code Title Hrs/wkCredit

Marks

Theory Lab Tutorial IE UE TotalCEL2701 Advanced Solid

state theory4 1 4 50 50 100

CEL2702 Laser systems &Laser

Applications4 1 4

50 50100

CEL2EX I Elective I3 1 3

50 50100

CEL2EX2 Elective II3 1 3

50 50100

CEL2703 Lab I Electronics 42 100 100

CEL2704 Lab II-MathematicalModelling &Simulation

4 2 100 100

CEL2705 Seminar/Viva 1 1 100 100Total for Semester VII 15 8 4 19 500 200 700

SEMESTER VIII


Marks

Theory Lab Tutorial IE UE TotalCEL2801

Nonlinear Optics4 I 4 50 50 100

CEL2802 Digital SignalProcessing andOptical Signal

Processing

4 1 450 50

100

CEL2EX3 Elective III3 1 3

50 50100

CEL2EX4 Elective IV3 1 3

50 50100

CEL2803 La b I Electronics 42 100 100

CEL2804 Lab IIPhotonics

4 2 100 100

CEL2805 Seminar/Viva 1 1 100 100Total for Semester VIII 15 8 4 19 500 200 700

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 8

SEMESTER IX


Marks

Theory Lab Tutorial IE UE TotalCEL2901 Optical

Communication4 1 4 50 50 100

CEL2902 Lab IFibre Optics Lab 4 2 100 100

CEL2903 Lab IIPhotonics Lab 4 2 100 100

CEL2904 Seminar/Viva 1 1 100 100CEL 2EX5 Elective V 3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL 2EX6 Elective VI 3 1 3 50 50 100

CEL 2EX7 Elective VII 3 1 3 50 50 100

Total for Semester IX 14 8 4 18 500 200 700

ELECTIVESCEL 2E01 Network Analysis and Communication EngineeringCEL 2E02 Discrete mathematics and Wavelets TheoryCEL2E03 Optical Sensor TechnologyCEL 2E04 Advanced Electromagnetic TheoryCEL2E05 Optical ComputingCEL2E06 Microwave PhotonicsCEL2E07 Atom Optics

CEL2E08Laser Spectroscopy

CEL2E09 Quantum Optics

CEL2E10 Photonics MaterialsCEL2E11 Optomechanical EngineeringCEL2E12 Industrial PhotonicsCEL2E13 BiophotonicsCEL2E 14 NanophotonicsCEL2E15 Advanced Laser Systems


SEMESTER I

CEL 1101 MECHANICS AND WAVE PHENOMENA

Reading Section : Dimensional analysis, vectors and scalars, vector algebra, unit vectors, linearlyindependent and linearly dependent vectors, velocity, acceleration and force vectors.

MODULE 1

Motion along straight line — velocity, acceleration, velocity-time graph. Newton's laws of motion,equations of motion, motion in two and three dimensions — projectiles. Force, work and energy,energy conservation, work-energy theorem.

System of particles — Newton's law for system of particles, collisions, conservation of linearmomentum, impulse,elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

MODULE 2

Rigid body dynamics — angular velocity and angular acceleration, angular momentum, torque.Newton's laws for rotational motion, angular momenta for systems of particles, conservation ofangular momentum.

Requirements of equilibrium, centre of gravity, Newton's laws of gravitation, gravitation near thesurface of earth and inside the surface of earth, gravitational potential energy, central force, reducedmass, Kepler's law.

MODULE 3

Oscillations- simple harmonic motion, simple pendulum and its equation of motion,spring andspring constant, Hookes law, work done by a spring, circular motion as SHM, damped and forcedoscillations, resonance.

MODULE 4

Waves — Transverse and longitudinal waves, traveling and standing waves, energy and power intraveling waves, phase and group velocities, superposition, interference and dispersion of waves.Sound waves — traveling sound waves, intensity and sound levels, Doppler effect in sound andlight, sound pollution.

Advanced Reading : Acoustics of music, concert hall acoustics, mechanics of sports.

REFERENCES:

Fundamentals of Physics — Resnik, Halliday and Krane, John Wiley and Sons, 5th Edition(2002)

Feynman Lectures Vol I , Narosa Publishing House (2002)

Classical Mechanics — Rana and Joag, Tata Mc. Graw Hill (1992)

Mechanics — D S Mathur, S Chand & Company (2004)

CEL 1102 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

MODULE 1

Electric Charge: conductors and insulators, Coulomb's law, quantisation and conservation of charge,Millikan's oil drop experiment.

rtse-V-P en-0212-q- r NTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES11

Electric field: field lines, field due to point charge, electric dipole, line of charge and chargeddisc, point charge in an electric field, dipole in an electric field.

Gauss' Law: Flux of electric field, Gauss Law, Gauss' law in cylindrical planar and sphericalsymmetry

MODULE 2

Electric potential, equipotential surfaces, Potential due to point charge, group of point chargesand due to electric dipole, Van de Graff generator, Capacitance, capacitors in series and parallelconnections, storing energy in an electric field, capacitor with dielectric.

Electric Current, current density, Resistance and Resistivity, Ohm's Law, Energy and power inelectric circuits, semiconductors, emf, potential differences, RC circuits.

MODULE 3

Magnetic Field, the definition of B, Hall effect„ Magnetic force on a current carrying wire, torqueand current on a current loop, magnetic dipole, Ampere's Law, Solenoids

Faraday's Law of induction, Lenz's Law, induced electric field, Inductance, Self and Mutualinduction, RL circuits, Energy stored in a magnetic field, Magnetism of earth, Para, Dia and Ferromagnetism.

MODULE 4

LCR oscillators, Damped and forced LCR oscillators, Resonance, Series and parallel LCR circuits.

Alternating currents, Transformer-characteristics, equivalence circuits, design and constructionof transformer, transmission of electric current

DC and AC generators, single and three phase generators, choke coil and its uses, Power factor,AC and DC bridges, Anderson's Bridge.

Constant voltage and current sources, BG, Multimeter.

Advanced Reading : Bio-electricity, signal propagation through nerve cells, EEG

REFERENCES

Fundamentals of Physics —Resnik, Halliday and Walker, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition(1994)

Electricity and Magnetism- D N Vasudeva, S.Chand and Company, (2002) (Text).

Basic electrionics — B L Thereja, S Chand and company, 5 th Edition (2003)

Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol II — Feynman, Leighton, Sands, Narosa Publishers (2003)

5. Electricity and Magnetism — R Murugesan, S Chand and Company, 4th Edition ( 2001).

CEL 1103 OPTICS I - GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

MODULE 1

Nature of light, Light as waves, rays and photons, Refractive index, velocity of light. Foucolt's,Anderson's, Houston's and Kerr Cell methods to measure velocity of light. Photometry-Radiomertic and Photometric units, inverse square law, Lambert's Law, Lummer, Flicker andphotovoltaic photometers.


MODULE 2

Fermat's principle, Laws of reflection and refraction form Fermat's Principle, Total internalReflection, Prism, Minimum deviation, achromatism in prisms, dispersion without deviation,normal and anomalous dispersion, Wood's experiment.

MODULE 3

Refraction and Reflection by spherical surfaces, Thin lens, converging, diverging and cylindricallenses, Lens equations, aplanatic points, Combination of lenses, F number of a lens, Power of alens. Aberrations-Spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, distortion, chromatic aberration.

MODULE 4

Matrix methods in Optics- Paraxial rays, Matrix representation of translation, refraction, reflectionof light rays, ABCD law, lens wave guide.

Spectrometer, Prism, Spectrograph, Telescopes-Resolving power, Types of telescopes, opticaltelescope, radio telescopes, Microscopes-Resolving power and magnifying power.

Advanced Reading : Optics and Photonics in nature.

REFERENCES

Fundamentals of Physics- Resnik, Halliday, Krane, John Wiley and Sons, 5 th Edition, (2002)

Textbook of Optics —Ajoy Ghatak, Tata Mc Grow Hill, 2" Edition ( 1992)

A text book of Optics — N Subrahmanian and Brijtlal, S Chand and Company , 22 nd Edition,(1997 )(Text)

Feynman Letures Vol I - Narosa Publishing House (2003)

Handbook of Optics Vol I and Vol II - Michael Bags (ED), Mc Graw Hills (1995)

Modern Engineering Physics- A S Vasudeva, S Chand and Company, 2" Edition (2003)

Matrix methods in geometrical optics.- A W Joshi

Optics and Atomic physics — Sathyaprakash, Rathan Prakashan Mandir Agra (1993)

CEL 1104 MATHEMATICS I

Reading Section : Differentiation and integration of simple functions

MODULE 1

Differential calculus : Differentiation of hyperbolica and inverse hyperbolic functions. Statementand applications of Leibnitz theorem, LMV theorem, Taylor's and Mclaurin's theorems (noproof). Application to expansion functions- L'Hospital's Rule and its applications.

Partial differentiation — Partial derivatives and total differential coefficients. Euler's theorem onhomogenous function (no proof) chain rule for partial derivatives, errors and approximations.

MODULE 2

Integral calculus — Integration by parts, definite integral, multiple integrals. Applications ofdifferentiation and integration — Equations of lengths of tangents, normal, radius of curvature,envelopes, rectification of curves. Volume of a solid of revolution, areas of surface of revolution.

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES

Ordinary Differential equations — First order equation, variables separable, homogeneous andnonhomogeneous equations, integrating factor, Bernoulli's equations, enact equations, secondorder linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Complimentary function andparticular integral, solution using auxiliary equation.

MODULE 4

Partial differential equations — Derivation of PDE by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrarycoefficients. Concept of Jacobian. Solution of Lagranges Differential equations, Partial differentialequation of the second degree, Laplace, Helmholtz and Poisson equations.

REFERENCES

Calculus Vol I & Vol II — Manicavachgom Pillai, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.,(2000) (Text)

Differential Calculus — Shanti Narayan, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.,(2000) (Text)

Differential Calculus — Joseph Edwards, AIIBS Publishers,( 2001)

Integral Calculus — Joseph Edwards

Mathematical Physics — P K Chadopadhyaya

Mathematical Methods for Physicists — G B Arfken, H I Weber, Academic Press, (2001)

A text book of Mathematical Physicss — P K Chakrabarti, S N Kundu Books and Allied Pub.Calcutta

Mathematical Methods in Classical & Quantum Physics — Tulsi Das, S K Sharma, UniversityPress

CEL 1105 STATISTICAL METHODS

MODULE 1

Probability spaces : conditional and independence, random variables and random distributions,marginal and conditional distributions

Curve fitting and principle of least squares, linear and quadratic curves, simple linear regressionand correlation.

MODULE 2

Independent random variables, mathematical expectation, mean and variance, binomial, Poissonsand normal distributions, law of large numbers.

MODULE 3

Central limit theorem(no proof), sampling distribution and test for mean using T-distribution, c2and F distributions.

MODULE 4

Time series analysis, Stationarity and nonstationarity, autocorrelation function

Testing statistical hypothesis — significance level, Neyman-Pearson theorem (no proof) and someof its simple applications, large sample test, standard error, tests based on T, c 2 and F.


REFERENCES

Probability and Statistics for Engineering and Sciences — J L Devore, Brooks, California (1987)

Probability and Statistics — Schaum Series, McGraw Hill (2004)

Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics — S C Gupta and V K Kapoor, S Chand & Co.

Statistical Methods — S P Gupta, S Chand & Co. (Text)

5. Time series analysis — G E P Bor, G M Jenkins

CEL 1106 LABNIVA

CEL 1107 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH

Elements of effective writing, methods of written exposition, art of condensation

Writing technical articles, proposals, research papers, reports, manuals and letters

Practical communicative Skills

Preparation and use of graphic aids

Technical Editing and Proof Reading

REFERENCES

Technical Writing — J M Lannon

Sentence Skills — A workbook for writers — John Langon

3. New International Business English — Leo Jones, Richard Alexander

15 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES

SEMESTER II

CEL 1201 ELECTRONICS —I BASIC ELECTRONICS

MODULE 1

Diodes and their applications:

Conductors, insulators and semiconductors, Elements of semiconductor physics, p-type and n-type semiconductors, pn junction diode, diode equation, operation and characteristics of diode,Introduction to zener diode, photodiode, solar cell, varactor diode and LED.

Rectification, ripple factor, Rectifiers-Halfwave, Fullwave and Bridge. Filters-Different types,Voltage multipliers, clippers, dampers.

MODULE 2

Transistors -BJTs, pnp and npn transistors, h-parameters, CE, CB, CC configuration, transistorcharacteristics, small signal analysis of BJT.

Unipolar transistors: FET, FET parameters, JFET, MOSFET-operations and their characteristics

MODULE 3

Transistor biasing:-Need for biasing, faithful amplification, operating point, Stability factor(definition only), Biasing techniques-Base resistor, collector feedback, bias circuit with emitterresistor and voltage divider biasing. Voltage regulator using zener diode and transistor.

Transistor amplifier- Classification of amplifiers, Transistor as an amplifier, CE, CC and CBamplifiers, multistage amplifiers, DC, RC, and transformer coupled amplifiers, Frequency responseof RC coupled amplifier

Power amplifiers-Class A, class B, and Class C operations, Push Pull amplifiers

MODULE 4

Feedback amplifiers: Positive and negative feedback, Advantages of using negative feedback,voltage series feedback, current series feedback, emitter follower

Oscillators: classification, Barkhausen criteria, different types. Tuned collector oscillator, Colpittsoscillator, RC phase shift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator and crystal oscillator.

REFERENCES

1 Electronics devices and circuit theory- Robert Boylestead and Nasheleski ,Prentice Hall, (2004)

2 Electronics devices and circuits —Allen Motershed, Prentice Hall India, (1973)(Text)

3 Integrated Electronics- Millman and Halkias, Tata Mc Grow Hill, (1972)

4 Fundamentals of Electronics- Ryder , Prentice Hall India, (1993)(Text)

5 Principles of Electronics —V K Metha, S Chand & Co (2003)

6 Basic Electronics and Linear circuits — N.N.Bhargava ,Tata Mc Grow Hill(1984)


CEL 1202 OPTICS II - PHYSICAL OPTICS

MODULE 1

Superposition of two sinusoidal waves, path difference and phase difference, Analytical andgraphical methods. Coherent sources, spatial and temporal coherence, complex representation oflight waves, Interference of two monochromatic waves, optical beats.

Theory of interference and bandwidth, Interference by division of wavefront, Young's double slitexperiment, Fresnel's bi-prism, Llyod's minors.

MODULE 2

Interference by division of amplitude, two beam interference, parallel sided plates, colour of thinfilms, wedge shaped film, Newton's rings - reflected and transmitted systems, Radius of ringsand expression for wavelength, Michelson interferometer, Determination of wavelength separationand standarization of meter. Types of fringes- localized and nonlocalised fringes in white light

MODULE 3

Diffraction-Fresnel's assumptions,Rectilinear propagation of light and Fresnel's theory,Frednel'szones, theoy of zone plate and its comparision with convex lens, Fresnel and Fraunhoferdifferactions- Fresnel's differaction at straight edge, Cornu's spiral —application to diffractionphenomena. Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit, Double slit and multiple slits, missing orders indouble slit differaction pattern , theory of plain transmission grating- oblique and normal incidence,absence spectra, determination of wavelength of light using grating, dispersion and resolvingpower, Blazed gratings.

MODULE 4

Polarization , Experimental observation, Polarization by reflection and refraction, Brewster angle,Pile of plates, Biot's polariscope., Malus laws, Double refraction - Optic axis, Uniaxial and biaxialcrystals, Geometry of calcite crystals, Nicol prism, Nicol as analyzer and polarizer. Huygen'sexplanation of double refraction, Quarter wave and Half wave plates, Production and detectionof plane, elliptical and circular polarization of light.

REFERENCE

Fundamentals of Physics —Resnik, Halliday, Krane , John Wiley and Sons, 5 th Edition, (2002).

Textbook of Optics — Ajoy Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill, 2 nd Edition, (1992) (Text)

Text book of Optics — N Subrahmanian and Brijlal, S Chand and Company, 22 nd Edition,(1997) (Text)

Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics —Jurgen R Meyer Arendt , Prentice Hall India2nd Ed(1988)

Text book of optics —Satyaprakash, Rathan Prakashan Mandir Agra,(1993)

Geometrical and Physical Optics- R S Longhrust, Orient Longman, 3 rd Edition,( 1999).

Optics —Eugene Hecht, Addison Weseley Long Inc, 3 rd Edition,( 1998)

Fundamentals of Optics — Jenkins and White, Mc Graw Hill Int. editions, 4th Edition,(1981).


CEL 1203 MATHEMATICS — II

Reading Section :Vector Algebra, Matrix Algebra

MODULE 1

Vector Calculus — Vector differentiation, Gradient, divergence and curl, Solenoidal and irrotationalvector point functions.

Vector integration, Line, surface and volume integration, Greens theorem, Gauss theorem andStokes theorem (statements) Physical interpretations.

MODULE 2

Matrices — inverse of matrices, adjoint matrices (complex conjugate transpose) orthogonal,symmetric, skew symmetric, Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices, elementary transformationsof a matrix.

MODULE 3

Similarity and unitary transformation of matrices, diagonalisation of matrices, Eigen values andeigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, solution of algebraic equations using matrices consistentand inconsistent equations.

MODULE 4

Complex numbers — Eulers formula, De Moivre's theorem (no proof), nth root of complex number.

Trigonometry — Expansion of sin nx, cos"x and tannx, hyperbolic functions, separation into realand imaginary parts of sine, cosine, tangent, logarithmic and inverse tangent functions, summationof function using C+iS method.

REFERENCES

Calculus Vol I & Vol II — Manicavachgom Pillai, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.(2000)

Differential Calculus — Shanti Narayanan, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.(,2000)(Text)

Vector Analysis with introduction to Tensor analysis — Schaum Series, (1974) (Text)

Trigonometry — S L Loney, S Chand & Co, (2002)

Matrices - Shanti Narayanan, S Chand & Co.,(2002)

Mathematical methods of Physics — G B Arfken, H J Weber, Academic Press(2001)(Text)

A text book of Mathematical Physics — P K Chakrabarti, S N Kundu Books and Allied Pub.Calcutta

Mathematical Methods in Classical & Quantum Physics — Tulsi Das, S K Sharma, UniversityPress

CEL 1204 CLASSICAL MECHANICS

MODULE 1

Frames of reference (basic ideas} Constraints, constrained motion and constraint force, generalizedcoordinates. Calculus of Variation. Hamilton's Principle. Lagranges equations of motion,Lagrangian and Lagrange's equations in simple cases like freely falling body, simple pendulum.harmonic oscillator


MODULE 2

Conjugate momenta, cyclic coordinates, conservation theorems and symmetry. Noether'stheorem (no proof). Hamiltonian, relationship between Hamiltonian and Lagrangian. Energyconservation.

MODULE 3

Central force problem- reduction to equivalent one dimensional problem. Classification of orbitsand stability condition for orbits. Kepler's laws. Kepler's laws using Lagrangian formulation.

MODULE 4

Lagrangian formulation of small oscillations and normal modes with special reference to CO,type molecules.

Hamilton's equations of motions. Canonical transformations. Generating function. PoissonBrackets, fundamental PB. Equations of motion using Poisson Brackets, simple examples

Advanced Reading;. Action -angle variables. Hamilton Jacobi equation. Rigid body dynamics-Euler's angles - equations of motion, symmetric top, Corioli's force.

REFERENCES

Classical Mechanics — Goldstein, Narosa Publishing Co. (1993) (Text)

Classical Mechanics- Rana and Joag, Tata McGrawHill (1992)

Modem Optics - R Guenther (for Lagrangian formulation of Optics),John Wiley Sons, (1990)

Classical Mechanics - V B Bhatia, Narosa Pub.(1997)

Classical Mechanics of particles and rigid bodies — Kiran C Gupta, Wiley Eastern Ltd.(1998)

Mechanics — L. D Landau and E. N Lifshitz., Butterworth Heinemann,3 rd Ed (2002)

7. Ciassical Mechanics — C R Mondal, Prentice Hall India, (2002)

CEL 1205 NUCLEI PARTICLE AND BEAMS

MODULE 1

Vector atom model, quantum numbers, Atomic nucleus, relationship between nuclear radius andmass number, Nuclear forces, nucleons, spin and isotropic sin, isotopes and isobars, isomers,mirror nuclei, stability of nuclei, binding energy, fission and fusion.

Nuclear models-semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model, shell model, magic numbers,Parity of nuclear states, Meson theory of nuclear forces .

MODULE 2

Radio activity, units, radio activity, alpha and beta decay, Gamow's theory, neutrino, Fermi'stheory of beta decay, Radiation hazards. Nuclear fusion and fission. Particle detectors - electroscope,scintillator, bubble chamber, cloud chamber, ionization chamber, GM counter.

Cosmic rays- Discovery, latitude, EW, altitude effects, primary and secondary cosmic rays, cosmicray showers, Bhabha's theory, Pair production and annihilation, Positron and its discovery,discovery of pi and mu mesons and strange particles, van Allen belts, origin of cosmic rays, solarneutrino problem, neutrino oscillation and mass of neutrino.


MODULE 3

Forces of nature and their unification (introductory ideas), Nuclear reactions, conserved qualitiesin nuclear reactions, Leptons, Baryons, Measons and Gauge particles, intrinsic and relative parityof elementary particles, Gellman- Nakano-Nishijima relation, fundamental particles and theirclassifications, Parity violation and CPT conservation, CP violation and neutral Kaon decay,eightfold way, quark structure.

MODULE 4

Nuclear reactor- critical condition, design aspects, classification, breeder reactor, effect of nuclearradiation on living systems, Nuclear reactors and environment protection.

Particle accelerators -Van de Graff generator, Cyclotron, Synchrotron, Linear accelerator,Colliders.

REFERENCES

1 Introduction to Nuclear Physics- Herald A Enge ,Addison — Wesley Pub,( 1972)

2 Nuclear Physics — Kaplan ,Narosa publishing House,(1962)

3 Nuclear Radiation detectors- Price

4 Modern Physics- Beiser, Tata Mc Graw Hill ,(2002)(Text)

5 Particle hunters- Neeman, Y.Kirch ,Cambridge Univ Press

6 Quantum Physics —Eisberg and Resnik, John Wiley and Sons ,2" Ed,( 2002)

7 Elementary particles and symmetries- I H Ryder, Gordon and Breach, (1975)(Text)

8 The cosmic onion-Quarks and nature of Universe- Frank Close, AIP (1983)

9 Elements of Nuclear Physics- W.E Burcham, Longmans (1981).

10 Modern Physics-Murugesan, S Chand and Co, (2001) (Text )

11 University Physics with Modern Physics — H D Young and R A Freedman, 11" Edition,(2004).

12 Elements of Nuclear Physics — M L Pandya & R P S Yadav, 7 th Edition,( 2002)

13 Nuclear Physics — D C Tayal ( 2003)

CEL 1206 LAB/ VIVA

CEL 1207 HISTORY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

MODULE 1

Emergence and character of science — The iron age, Science and Industry, Development of sciencein 18th and 196 century, Science in 20" century, The birth of modern science.

MODULE 2

Astronomy in ancient India, Europe, Egypt and other civilizations. Some of the astronomicalinstruments.


MODULE 3

Indian . contribution during ancient medieval period — Sulbasutras, decimal system, numberrepresentation (various alpha numeric systems), Contributions of Arybhata, Brahmagupta,Varahamihira, Bhaskara, Contribution by Kerala Mathematicians during th middle age —Madhava,Neelakanda, Jyeshtadeva.

MODULE 4

Introducing some of the classical works — eg: Aryabhatiyam, Opticks, Galileo's modern science,Principia of Newton. Topics in philosophy of science — works of Kanada, Francis Bacon, ThomasKuhn, Karl Popper.

Suggested Readings :

Science in History (4 Vols) — J D Bernal (For module 1 )

Science in India (2 vols) — Indian National Science Academy

Golden Age of Indain Mathematics — S Parameswaran

Mathematics in ancient and medieval India — A G Bag (for module 3)

The History of Science and Technology from ancient Greeks to scientific revolution — SPangenburg, D K Moser, Univ Press (1993)

Astronomy before the telescope : C Walker (Ed), British Museum Press(1996) (for module 2).

Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata — K V Sharma(INSA 1976)

The Sulbasutras — S N Sen and A K Bag(INSA 1983)

History of Technology in India (INSA 2001).

Histroy of Astronomy in India (INSA 2001)

11. Websites on Histroy of Science and Technology


SEMESTER III

CEL1301 ELECTRONICS-IIANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

MODULE 1

The differential amplifier- Emitter coupled logic, Common mode and Differential mode gain,CMRR, Single ended AC voltage gain, double ended AC voltage gain Complementary outputstage, Improves differential amplifier with constant current source.

DC level shifter, Integrated circuits, semiconductor processes, Monolithic ICs, Resistor andcapacitor design on ICs.

MODULE 2

Op-amps: Block diagram, Electrical parameters, input and output impedances, offset voltagesand currents, characteristics of ideal op-amp, open loop configurations, inverting and non-invertingamplifiers, stabilization of gain by negative feedback, voltage follower, current to voltage converter,Inverter and other configurations.

MODULE 3

Applications of Op-amp-Analog circuits, Adding circuits, Integration and Differentiating circuits,Comparators, Zero crossing detector, Schmitt trigger, Logarithmic amplifier, voltage regulatorusing Op-amps, Analog computations, Basic ideas, active filters

Digital fundamentals: the binary number system, octal and other codes, l's and 2's complements,Binary arithmetic, Boolean algebra, Boolean theorems, Synthesis of Boolean functions,-Logicgates, Fundamental logic operations.

MODULE 4

Universal gate(NAND & NOR), combinational logic circuits, Half adder, Full adder, Half subtractorand Full subtractor, the XOR gate, Karnaugh diagram, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer Logic families:DCTL, RTL, DTL NAND gate, TIT, NAND gate, ECL circuits, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS logics,MOS inverter circuits, NAND &NOR CMOS switches, CMOS transmission gate.

REFERENCE

1 Electronics Fundamental and Applications- J.D. Ryder,Prentice Hall, India (1993)(Text)

2 Digital Fundamentals —Floyd,Universal Publications (3 rd Ed)(2001)

3 Integrated Electronics- Milman & Halkias, Mc Graw Hill- Kogakusha(2003) (Text)

4 Digital Principles & Applications- Malvino &Leach ,Tata Mc Graw Hill 5 th Ed(1995)

5 Digital Electronics(circuits and systems) —S.N Ali.,Gelgotia Publications,2nd Ed (2002)

6 Integrated Electronics- K.R Botkar ,Khana Publishers,9 6 Ed (1996)

7 Digital Electronics- V.K Puri. Tata McGraw Hill (2006)

8 Electronic Principles —Malvino,McGraw Hill 4 th Ed(1989)

Op- Amps and Linear Integrated circuits- Ramakant A Gaykward PHI, (1999)

Electronic Devices and Circuits- Milman and Halkias,Tata Mc Graw Hill Ed (1991)


CEL 1302 OPTICS III — OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION

MODULE 1

Double beam Interferometry—Interference in a plane parallel plate and in a plate of varyingthickness, Fizeau fringes, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, Sagnac Interferometer, Interferometricmeasurements of rotation ,Channeled Spectra , Achromatic fringes, Fringes of equal thickness,Fringes of equal inclination, Fringes of equal chromatic order, Phol Interferometer. Speed oflight and Michelson Morley experiment.

MODULE 2

Multiple beam Interferometry-multiple beam fringes of equal inclination ,visibility and Intensitydistribution. Fabry–Perot Interferometer and Fabry–Perot etalon, resolving power and expressionfor finesse. Non–reflecting films , Highly reflecting films and Interference filters ,Broad bandreflectors, band pass filters, dichroic beam spliters and cold minors.

Wavefront shearing interferometers, Twyman- Green interferometer, Scanning Fabry- PerotInterferometer-central spot scanning, Spherical Fabry-Perot Interferometers, dynamic and staticwavelength meters.

MODULE 3

Theory of concave grating, Mountings for gratings-various mounting techniques, Gratingspectrographs, resolution and dispersive power of spectrographs, single beam and double beammonochromators, UV-VIS-NIR and IR Spectrometers, FT IR Spectrophotometer, AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotmeter, Fluorometer.

MODULE 4

Adaptive optics-Wavefront sensor, Guided star systems, MEMS and Deformable minor andwavefront corrections, actuators, Adaptive optics and human eye,

Imaging systems-Different types of projectors, LCD projectors, Endoscopes

Camera, High speed camera, video camera

Remote sensing and its applications- Radars and Lidars

Confocal microscopes, Phase contrast microscopes.

REFERENCES

1 Optical interferometry- P Hariharan, Academic press (1985)

2 Optical measurement techniques and applications - P.K Rastogi, Artech House(1997)

3 Principles of Adaptive optics: -R.K Tyson, Academic press(1998)

4 Optics – Eugene Hecht, Pearson Education Inc.,4 th Edition,( 2004)

5 Basics of Interferometry - P Hariharan, Academic Press(1985)

6 Wave optics and applications - R.S Sirohi ,Orient Longman, (1993)

7 Geometrical and physical optics- R S Longhrust, Orient Longman, 3 rd Edition, (1991)

8 Introduction to optics and optical imaging - C.Scott, S Chand Co, (1998)

Principles of optics –Max Born and Emil Wolf ,Cambridge University Press,(1999)

Light –Ditch Burn, ELBS, Blackie and Sons, 2 nd Edition, (1963)

Handbook of Optics - Vol I and Vol II - Michael Bags (ED), Mc Graw Hills (1995)

Fundamentals of Optics – Jenkins and White, Mc Graw Hill Int.editions, 4th Edition,( 1981).

23


CEL1303 THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

MODULE 1

Thermodynamic systems, thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic process and cycles,Equations of states, Laws of thermodynamics, Carnot's engine and Carnot's cycle, Carnot'stheorem, Claussius theorem and inequality.

Entropy_ Change in entropy in reversible and irreversible processes, Entropy of ideal gas.Temperature- entropy diagram, entropy and second law of thermo dynamics. Nernst HeatTheorem .

MODULE 2.

Maxwell's Thermodynamics relations. Clasius - Clapeyron equation, Thermodynamic Potential.Internal energy. Helmholtz function. Enthalpy, Gibbs function, Gibhs Helmholtz equations

Phase transitions and critical phenomena - Phase diagram, first order phase transition. Clausius-Clapeyoron equation in the context of first order phase transition, Kirchhoff's equation, secondorder phase transition. Ehrnfesi's equations, liquid helium and superfluidity.

MODULE 3

Macroscopic and microscopic systems- its general descriptions, phase space, ensemble,microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, density distribution in phase space.Liouville's theorem, volume conservation.

MODULE 4

Distribution laws - classical and quantum statistics, Maxwell-Baltzniann distribution. Velocitydistribution, equipartition of energy, relationship between entropy and probability. Partitionfunction of monoatomic gas.

Quantum Statistics- Bose -Einstein and Fermi - Dirac distributions. Bosons and Fermions,

Photons and Bose statistics. Planck's law from Bosc statistics. B-E condensation. Thermionicemission and F-D statistics.

REFERENCES

Theoretical chemistry - Glastone (Text)

Thermodynamics - Zeemansky, Tata McGraw Hill (1997) (Text)

Thermodynamics — Zeemansky, Tata McGraw Hill , 5 th Edition (1968).

Statistical Mechanics - K Huang ,John Wiley & sons, (1963)

Modern Thermo Dynamics-D Kondepadi. Ilya Prigogene, John Wiley sons (1998)

Statistical Mechanics —Kamal singh

7. Statistical Mechanics — R.K Pathria ,Butternorth-Heinemann ,(1972)

CEL 1304 MATHEMATICS 111

MODULE 1

Curvlinear coordinates- spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems, unit vectors line, area andvolume elements, curl, divergence and gradient in curvilinear coordinates. Laplacian operator


Tensors- Tensor Analysis - Definition, law of transformations, rank of tensor, covariant andcontravariant tensors, algebra of tensors, lowering and raising of indices, contraction of tensors,fundamental tensors, metrics.

Cartesian tensors, Stress, strain and Hooke's law and moduli of elasticity, Piezo electricity anddielectric susceptibility.

MODULE 2

Vector space - Field, definition of vector space, innerproduct, norm, dual vectors and dual space,Bra and ket notations, linearly independent and dependent vectors, orthonormal vectors. Schmidt'sothogonalisation . basis, dimension, change of basis, linear operator, adjoint and hermitianoperators, matrix representation of operators, similarity and unitary transformations. eigen valueand eigen vectors, projection operator, function space. Hilbert space.

MODULE 3

Partial Differential equations- Separation of variables technique. Laplace's equation inrectangular, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates.

Differential equations- Series solution, ordinary and singular points. examples, Frobeniusmethod, examples. Green's function technique to solve differential equations.

MODULE 4

Sturm -Liouville Problem- Hermitian differential equations. Orthogonal functions. Legendre,Bessel and Hermite differential equations and their solutions, Legendre, Bessel and Hermitefunctions and their properties , Spherical Harmonics .

Fourier Series. Beta and gamma functions. Properties of beta and gamma functions. Laplacetransform, Laplace Transforms of some simple functions. Solving differential equations usingLT.

REFERENCES

Vector analysis with an introduction to tensor analysis- Murray R Speigel, Tata McCrawHill (1975)

Matrices and tensors for physicists- A W Joshi, New Age International (1995)

Linear vector space - Hamos

Mathematics for physicists and engineers-G B Arfken, Academic Press (2001)

Mathematics for Physicists - Dennery and Kerzywiki

Mathematical Methods for Physicists -GB Arfken, H J Weber, Academic Press (2001)

A textbook of Mathematical Physics - P K Chakrabarti. SN Kundu Books and Allied Pub,Calcutta (1996)

Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics Tulsi Dass. S K Sharma;University Press (1896)

Mathematical Physics- Differential equations and Transform Theory, A K Ghatak, 1C Goyal.S J Chua McMillan India Ltd. (2002)

Mathematical Physics (Parts 1.2 and 3)- J D Anand, P K Mittal, A Wadhwa Har, AnandPublications, ( 2003)


CEL 1305 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY

MODULE 1

Structure of atom, Rutherford model, alpha particle scattering, Bohr atom model, Bohr'sinterpretation of H-atom, Spectral series, Ritz combination principle, combination andintercombination series, Bohr's correspondence principle, Sommerfield relativistic atom model,Wilson-Sommerfiled modification, Vector atom model, Quantum numbers, Larmor theorem.

Atomic orbitals and their shapes (no derivation).

Coupling schemes- Spectral terms and terms symbols based on electron configuration

LS coupling, jj couplings-Hund's rule of multiplicity, selection rules, Pauli's exclusion principle,Intensity rules.

MODULE 2

Symmetry of atomic states, equivalent and nonequivalent electrons, normal and inverted atoms,fine structure of doublet states-Sodium D1,D2 lines, Hydrogen structure, Fine structure of ionizedhelium, Expression for electron spin interaction, Lande Interval rule.

ectra of one electron systems- Hydrogen and alkali atoms, Fine structure of alkali atoms, Hydrogenspectra- Hyperfine structure, Lande Interval rule, Lamb shift.

Intensity of spectral lines, Spectra of two electron systems- Alkaline-earth atoms.

MODULE 3

Zeeman Effect, Anomalous and normal Zeeman effect, Lande's g factor, Zeeman effect in sodiumatom, Experiment-Intensity distribution of Zeeman lines-BDO rule, Keiss and Megger's rule,Evaluation of Zeeman shift.

Paschen-Back effect, splitting of sodium lines, selection rules.

Zeeman and Paschen-back effect in Hydrogen.

MODULE 4

Stark effect-experiment- Stark effect in Hydrogen. Weak field and strong field effect- First orderand second order stark effect in Hydrogen (qualitative ideas only)

X-ray spectra- Mosely's law, practical applications of singlet oxygen.

REFERENCES

Atomic spectra —White, Tata Mc Graw Hill NY(1983) (Text)

Atomic spectra and atomic structure — J Hertzberg ,Dover Publishers NY, 2' Edition, (1944)

Spectroscopy Vol.I — Stroghen And Walker, John Wiley & Sons,(1976)

Elements of Spectroscopy —Gupta , Kumar and Sharma, Pragathi prakashan Meerat,6th Ed (1983)

Concepts of Modern Physics —Beiser ,Tata Mc Graw Hill ( 2003)

Atomic and Molecular physics —C.L Arora (S Chand Publishing Company, 3 rd Edition, (2001)

Quantum physics - Eisberg and Resnik ,John Wiley, 2' Ed (2002)(Text)

Atomic spectra structure and Modern spectroscopy-D.K Rai, S. N Thakur,VaivaswatPublication, Varanasi, 1" Ed (2005)

CEL 1306 Lab /Viva

CEL 1307 Seminar


SEMESTER IV•

CEL 1401 ELECTRONICS IIIMICROPROCESSORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

MODULE 1

Flip-flop, RS latches, level clocking, D latcher, edge triggered D flip fops, JK flip flop, JK Masterslave flip-flops.

MODULE 2

Registers and counters: Shift register, controlled shift registers, Ripple counters, decoding gates,synchronous counters, Ring counters, changing the counter modulus, decade counters.

MODULE 3

Basic D/A converter, variable, resister networks, binary ladders, A/D converters, counter method,successive approximation, dual slope A/D conversion, A/D accuracy and resolution, VCO, sampleand hold circuits, Static RAMs, Dynamic RAMs.

MODULE 4

Microprocessors 8085: Block diagram, pin out diagram, instruction format, Addressing modes,Instruction types- Data transfer instruction, Arithmetic instructions, Logical instructions, Programcontrol instructions, input output instructions, stack instructions, instruction timing and execution,timing diagrams ,Programming Microprocessors.

Peripheral operations- Interrupt system, Serial input and Serial output, Programmed I/O ports,Memory interfacing, Direct Memory Access, DMA controller.

REFERENCES

Digital Electronic Principles- Malvino ,Tata McGraw Hill 4" Ed(1989)(Text)

Microprocessor Architecture Programming and applications using 8085 - R.S Goanker,Prentice Hall India ,5" Ed (2006)

Electronic Devices- Applications and Integrated circuits-Mathur Kulashreshta andChandha, Umesh publications

Digital principles and applications —Malvino & Leach,Tata Mc Grow Hil1,5" Ed(1995) (Text)

5. Fundamentals of Micro processers and Microcomputers — B. Ram ,Bhantat RaiPublishers,6" Ed (2006)(Text)

6 Microprocesser (8085) And its Applications-A. Nagoorkani, RBA Publications (2004)

Digital Logic and Computer Design-M Morris Manno,PHI (1995)

Fundamentals of digital circuits-A Anadan, PHI (2006)

9. Digital circuits and design- S Salivahanan & S Arivazhavan, Vikas Pub. (2003)


CEL1402 COMPUTER SCIENCE

MODULE 1

Computers and peripherals: Definition of Computer — Computers for individual users, organizations& Society — Why are computers so important? — Parts of a computer system — Informationprocessing cycle —hardware — Software —System and application software — data - computer users- Keyboard standards, functions of keyboard controller, keyboard buffer — Mouse, its parts,mechanical and optical mouse, functioning of mouse, trackballs, and track pads - Ergonomics andinput devices, Avoiding Repetitive Stress Injuries - Pens — Touch Screens - Game Controllers —Bar Code Readers, Image Scanners, OCR — Microphones, input through MIDI, digital camera,video camera, Webcam, and camcoders — CRT Monitors, Flat-panel monitors (LCD), Paper-whitedisplays, ELD, Plasma displays, Factors for comparing monitors, Video cards, Ergonomics andmonitors, avoiding eyestrain and EMF health hazards, data projectors, sound systems, soundcards, head phones and head sets, bioacoustics - Printers, their types, factors for comparing printers,High-quality printers like Photo printers, Thermal-wax printers, Dye-Sublimation printers, Plotters,care and feeding of printers.

MODULE 2

Software: Algorithms, development of simple C programs — SDLC - Software engineering basics— Basics of Information and MIS.

Processor & Storage: Number systems, EBCDIC, ASCII — ALU — Machine cycles — Nonvolatile,Volatile & Cache memories — Factors affecting processing speed — Bus and bus standards - ModernCPUs & manufacturers — RISC, CISC — Parallel processing —Serial, Parallel, SCSI, USB, IEEE 1394& MIDI ports— Expansion Slots and boards — PCMCIA — Plug and play — Magnetic Storage,types, capacities, tracks, sectors, How OS finds data on a disk?, FAT, FAT32, NTFS, NTFS5,HPFS — Floppy diskettes - Hot-swappable disks — tapes - Optical storage, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM,CD-R, CD-RW, PhotoCD, DVD-R & DVD-RAM and their functioning — Solid state storagedevices, Flash Memory, Smart cards, SSD — Average access time, Data transfer rate, Optimizingdisk performance - Drive-interface standards.

MODULE 3

Operating Systems & Utilities: OS types, OS services, OS enhancement with utility software,defragmentation, data compression, backup, antivirus, firewall, intrusion detection, OSs like DOSworkstations, Windows -9x, -2000, -XP, Mac, UNIX, Linux, Network OSs like Windows-NTserver, Windows-server-2003, and Novell Netware, Embedded OSs, Word processing, spreadsheet,presentation programs, graphic and multimedia apps, file formats and compatibility issues, DBMSbasics, COM / DCOM basics in OSs and computer languages.

MODULE 4

Networking and other computing issues: Networking basics & objectives, LAN, WAN, CAN,MAN, HAN, Intranets, Extranets, Server-based networks, Client-Server networks, Peer-to-peernetworks, cyberslacking, Network topologies and protocols, cables, wireless media, NIC, Hubs,Bridges, Switches, Routers, Gateways, Cabling equipments, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, GigabitEthernet, Data communication with modem, Broadband, DSL, cable modem, ISDN, ATM, wirelessnetworks 802.11, wireless access point, wireless adapter - History of the Internet - major servicesof the Internet, WWW, e-mail, How web works, Web browsers, HTML tags, URL, helper apps,multimedia content - Tools for searching the web, Boolean operators for searching, advancedsearch, meta search — e-mail, FTP, IRC, P2P services - e-commerce, B2B - Basic security concepts


& threats to users, hardware and data, Common hacking methods, Cyberterrorism, Protectiverights and measures - Ethical issues in computing.

REFERENCES

Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers, 6 th Edition, 2006, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi(Text).Software Engineering - A Practitioner's Approach, Roger S. Pressman, 5 th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition.Management Information Systems, Dr. P. Mohan, 7 th Edition, 2005, Himalaya PublishingHouse, Mumbai.

Management Information Systems — Managing The Digital Firms, Kenneth C. Laudon &Jane P. Laudon, 8th Edition, Indian Reprint, 2004, Pearson Education (Singapore), Delhi.IT Fundamentals — Tools and Applications, T. Ramachandran Nambissan, 2003 DhruvPublications, Delhi.COM/DCOM Primer Plus, Chris Corry, Vincent Mayfield, John Cadman, Randy Morin,First Indian Edition, Techmedia, New Delhi.

7. The C programming Language, Brain W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritchie, Prentice-Hall ofIndia.

CEL1403 QUANTUM MECHANICS I

MODULE 1

Quantum aspects of black body radiation, Planck's Law, Photoelectric effect, Einstein'sphotoelectric equation, Compton effect, Bohr atom model, Frank-Hertz experiment, Wilson-Somerfield quantization rule and application to H-atom, Stern-Gerlach experiment, wave aspectsof particles, de Broglie hypothesis, Davisson and Germer experiment, Diffraction of electronbeam, wave packet, Group velocity and phase velocity, superposition, uncertainty principle,consequences of uncertainty principle, complementarity principle.

MODULE 2

Schrodinger wave function, particle in a box, SchrOdinger's equation for a particle subjected toforces, wave function and its interpretations, probability ,probability current density and continuityequation, expectation values, Erhnfest theorem, admissibility conditions of wave functions,normalizations of wave functions, box normalization, time dependent and time independentSchr8dinger equations, stationary states and super position principle.

MODULE 3

Postulates of Wave Mechanics, Dynamical variables as operators, Linear operators, Commutatorbrackets,Dirac's notation, matrix representation of operators, Eigen functions and Eigen values,Hermition operators and their properties, Orthogonality conditions, Schimidt's orthogonalizationprocedure, Physical significance of Eigen functions and Eigen values, Degeneracy, Simultaneousmeasurability and general uncertainty relations.

MODULE 4

Applications of SchrOdinger equation, Linear harmonic oscillator solutions, One dimensionalsquare well potential of finite and infinite depth, Square potential barrier, Quantum mechanicaltunneling, Alpha decay.

Particle in a spherically symmetric potential, Hamiltonial of two interacting particles, Rigid rotator,Hydrogen atom, Energy Eigen values, Hydrgen wave function, Radial probability density functionsand Hydrogen atom orbitals.


REFERENCES

•1. Quantum Mechanics —G Aruldhas, Printice Hall India (2004)(Text)Quantum mehanics —A.Konar, Decca Students Library Publications, 1 st Edition (1988).

Quantum physics-Eisberg and Resnik John Wiley sons(2002)Concepts of modern physics —Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill (2002) (Text)Quantum mechanics —Mathews and Venketesan ,Tata McGraw Hill (2006)Quatum mechanics —Singh and Bagde, S Chand Publishing Company (2002)Modern physics-Murugesan, S. Chand & Co.( 2005)Atomic and molecular physics-C.L Arora, S Chand Publishing Company, 3" Edition(2001) •Quantum mechanics — B K Agarval & Hariprakash, Printice Hall India (2002)

CEL 1404 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND RELATIVISTIC PHENOMENA

Reading section: Vector algebra and vector calculus

MODULE 1

Electrostatics: Electric field, Gauss's Law in integral and differential forms, applications of Guass'slaw, Scalar potential, Energy of continuous charge distribution, Poisson and Laplace equations,Boundary conditions and uniqueness theorem, Dielectrics, induces dipoles, polarization and fieldof a polarized object, Guass's law for dielectric media, Displacement field, linear dielectric anddielectric constant, energy and forces in dielectric systems.

MODULE 2

Magnetostatics : Magnetic fields & magnetic forces, Bio-Savart law, Amper's law, ApplicationsofAmperes law, Magnetic vector potential, Magnetization, Torque and forces on magnetic dipoles,The field of a magnetized object, Amper's law in magnetized material, Boundary conditions,Magnetic susceptibility and permeability.

MODULE 3

Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, energy and magnetic field, Maxwells equation innvaccum and dielectric media, Vector and Scalar potentials, gauge transformations- Lorentz andCoulomb gauges, Solutions of Maxwell's equation in vacuum and dielectric media, Poyting'stheorem, conservation of energy and momentum, Reflection and refraction of EMW at dielectricboundaries, Snell's law, TIR, Brewster's angle.

MODULE 4

Michelson- Morley experiment, Postulates of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations,velocity addition, velocity dependent mass, structure of space-time and Minkowski diagram,Relativistic Mechanics- proper time, proper velocity, Relativistic momentum and energy, Comptonscattering, Magnetism as relativistic phenomenon.

Transformation of fields, the field tensor, four vectors, Maxwell's equation in tensor form.

REFERENCE

1 Introduction to electrodynamics-David Grifftiths, Pearecan Cdeation(1999)(Text)2 Electrodynamics —J.D Jackson, John Wiley & Sons ( 2003)3 Feynman lectures in physics — Feynman, Vol 1&2 ,Narosa Publishing house(2003)


I

4 Electricity and Magnetism — K K Tewari, S Chand & Company, 3 1d Edition (2005).Electricity and Magnetism —D.N Vasudeva ,S Chand Publishing Cortpany(2002)Classical Electrodynamics- P S Sen Gupta, New Age International (2000)Electromagnetic Theory and wave propagation- S N Ghosh , Narosa Publishers 2" d Ed(2002)Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems- Jordan E C and Balmian, PHI 2" d Ed (1998)

CEL 1405 MATHEMATICS IV

MODULE 1

Fourier Transform, Properties of FT, Convolution Theorem, Solving differential equations usingFT.

Functions of complex variables: Analytic functions, power series, Taylor and Laurent series,Contour integration, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, integration involving branchcuts and branch points.

MODULE 2

Group Theory: Definiton, multiplication table, permutation group, representation of Group,Isomorphism and homomorphism, Character table, classes, symmetry operations, reducible andirreducible representations, applications to simple molecules like H2O.

MODULE 3

Solutions of algebraic and Transcendental equations: Newton — Raphson method for single andtwo variables, solutions of systems of nonlinear equations using method of iteration, Newton'sformula for interpolation, Central difference.

Curve fitting — Least square curve fitting- straight line, nonlinear curve, method of least squaresfor continuous function.

MODULE 4

Numerical differentiation and integration- Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rules, Double integrationusing trapezoidal and Simpson's rules.

Initial and Boundary value problems: Single step methods, Taylor's series, Runge — Kutta Method,Finite difference solution for second order ordinary differential equations.

REFERENCES

Mathematics for Physicists and Engineers — Arfken, Academic Press ( 2001) (Text)Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics — T Dass and S K SharmaChemcal applications of Group theory — F A Cotton, Wiley Eastern ( 1971)Complex variables — Schaum SeriesElements of Group theory physicists— A W Joshi, Wiley Eastern Ltd,3 rd Ed (1988)Introductory methods of numerical analysis — C S Sastry , Prentice Hall India ( 2001) (Text)Numerical methods — P Kandasamy, K Thilagavathy, K Gunavathy, S Chand &Co ( 2003) •Numerical methods — Balagurusamy ,Tata Mc Grow Hill ( 2001)

CEL 1406 LAB / VIVA

CEL 1407 WORK SHOP

CEL 1408 SEMINAR


SEMESTER V

CEL 1501 OPTICS IV APPLIED OPTICS

MODULE 1

Photometry and radiometry-'quantities and units, colourimetry- chromaticity coordinates UCSdiagrams, colour temperature, visual basis of colourimetry, Human eye and color deficiency,color vision model.

Birefringence-Birefringent crystals, Birefringent polarisers, Wave plates (half —wave,full-waveand quarter-wave ) Compensaters and variable retarders, Circular polarisers. Optical activity-Dextro and Lavo rotatory substances, optical activity in liquids, Half shade polarimeter.

MODULE 2

Optical anisotropy- Index ellipsoid ,Stress Birefringence-Photo elasticity. Stress induced opticaleffects-E 0 effects (Pockels effect and Kerr effect ),M 0 effects-Faraday isolator, Faraday rotator,A 0 effects-Raman —Nath scattering Bragg scattering, ,E 0, M 0 materials, Application tomodulation.

MODULE 3

Analysis of Polarisation - Mathematical description of polarization, states of polarization,Polarization ellipse, special forms, Elliptical parameters, stokes polarization parameters, Stokesvectors, Stokes parameters for polarized and unpolarized light .Stokes intensity formula, Jone'sand Muller matrix calculus, Matrices for polarizer, retarader and rotator in both representations,Muller matrix for a depolarizer, Neutral density filter.

Poincare's sphere, representation of polarization states.

MODULE 4

Light sources-Standardisation of light sources- Incandescent lamps and Fluoecent lamps, Tungstonhalogen lamps, Halogen lamps, High pressure and low pressure discharge lamps- Sodium,Hydrogen, Mercury, Metal halide lamps.

Electrodeless discharge lamps.

REFERENCES

Handbook of applied photometry- C De Cusatis(Ed) AIP(1997)

Introduction to solid state lighting- Zukauskas, Shur, Caska, Wiley (2001)

Polarization of light — S Huard, Jihn Wiley and Sons (1997)

Wave optics and applications — R S Sirohi( Orient Longman 2001)

Polarised light — Edward Collet, Marcel and Dekker (1992)

Optics — Eugene Heht (3 rd Ed,Addison Weseli Long Inc (1998)

Optical electronics-Thyagarajan and Ghatak ,Cambridge University press (1997)

Introduction to optoelectronics-Wilson and Hawkes ,PHI (1996)

Principles of optics- Max Born & Emil Wolf Cambridge University Press, 7th Edition(1981)

Fundamentals of optics —Jenkins & White Mc Grow Hill International Edition,4 th Edition(1981)


Introductio to classical and Modern optics - Jurgen R Mayer Arendt, Prentice Hall India, 2"Edition(1984).

Modern optics - R. Guenther, John Wiley sons (1990).

CEL 1502- ELECTRONICS IV- ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION

MODULE 1

DC and AC Deflection Instruments — Currentmeters, Ohmmeters, Multimeters, Hotwire ammeters,rectifier instruments, Comparison measurements — Potentiometers, automated comparison circuits.Digital instruments — Binary and decimal counters, display devices, frequency and period counters.Electronic multimeters — Electronic ohmmeters and digital voltmeters.

MODULE 2

Oscilloscopes — Deflection systems, X-Y and Y-t Oscilloscopes, Triggered sweep, Sensitivity,bandwidth rise time, dual-beam models, storage oscilloscope - digital storage oscilloscopes,sampling oscilloscopes Recording systems — X-t and X-Y recorders.

MODULE 3

Tuned amplifiers — Chopper stabilized amplifiers, measurements on untuned and tuned amplifiercircuits. Lock-in amplifier, Voltage gain and output power measurements, testing tuned circuits,spectrum analysers, BOXCAR averagers.

MODULE 4

IT transducers- transducers and transduction, strain gauges, temperature transducers, inductivetransducers, LVDT, position-displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, pressure and capacitativetransducers.

Data converters — DAC and Servo ADC circuits, parallel converters. Voltage to frequency converters

Micro computers — advantages of micro computers, microcomputer interfacing, microcomputersin instrument and system design, introduction to GPIB.

REFERENCES

Elements of electronic instrumentation and measurement - J J Car, Prentice Hall India (1986)(Text)

Industrial and Solid State Electronics: Devices and Systems - T J Maloney, Prentice HallIndia (1986)

A course in electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation — A K Sawhney,Danapath Rai and Co (2005)

Electronic Instrumentation- H.S Kalsi, Tata Mc Graw Hill (2006)

5. Transducers and Instrumentation — P V S Murthy, Prentice Hall India (2003)

CEL 1503 QUANTUM MECHANICS IIMODULE 1

Position and Momentum representations in Q.M.

Time evolution of a system — SchrOdinger picture, Heisenberg picture and interaction picture.

Matrix formulation of quantum mechanics — matrix representations of operators and wave functions,matrix representation of eigen value problem, momentum representation, Dirac bra and ketnotations.matrix formulation of linear harmonic oscillator..

33


MODULE 2

Solution of linear harmonic oscillator-operator method, coherent states, number operator, densityoperator, Dirac delta function.

Theory of angular momentum, basic commutation relations of angular momentum operators eigenvalue and eigen functions of angular momentum op. — L 2 , Lz, J2 , J.

Angular momentum matrices, spin, Pauli spin matrices, addition of angular momenta, identicalparticles.

MODULE 3

Time independent perturbation-first order and second order approximation, stark effect, degeneratestates, variational method, hydrogen and helium atoms, WKB approximation.

Time dependent perturbation theory-first order approximation, constant and harmonic perturbation,transition probability, dipole approx., Einstein coefficient, quantization of EM field,spontaneousand stimulated emission.

MODULE 4

Scattering theory, partial wave analysis, Born Approximation, scattering by hard sphere, squarewell and coulomb scattering.

Relativistic quantum mechanics- Klein-Gordon equation, plane wave solutions, interpretation ofK-G equation, Dirac equation, Dirac matrices, plane wave solution, positron theory, spin ofelectrons from Dirac theory.

REFERENCES

Quantum Mechanics —G Aruldas, Printice Hall India ,( 2004)(Text)

Quantum mehanics —L I Schiff , Mc Grow Hill ( 1968)

Quantum physics-Ghatak and Lokanathan,McMillian, 5 th Ed (2003 )(Text)

Quantum mechanics —Mathews and Venketesan ,Tata McGraw Hill (2006)

Quatum mechanics —Singh and Bagde, S Chand Publishing Company (2002)

Quantum mechanics — B K Agarval & Hariprakash , Printice Hall India (2002)

7. Modern Quantum Mechanics- J J Sakurai,Pearson Education ,Revised Ed (2003)

CEL 1504 MATERIAL SCIENCE

MODULE 1

Crystal symmetry and crystal systems-Traslational vectors and lattices, unit cell, miller indices,symmetric operations, reciprocal lattices, hexagonal close packed structure, NaCl, CsCI, Diamondand ZnS structures —X ray diffraction and Bragg's law, Powder diffraction, different types ofbonding in crystals, Vander vaal's, ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds.

MODULE 2

Lattice vibrations-Phonons, phonon spectra of monoatomic and diatomic linear lattices, scatteringof phonons by neutrons, experimental techniques to get phonon spectra, lattice heat capacity,Einstein Model, Debye's Model.

Band theory of solids, density of states, Fermi level, origin of bands, classification of materialsbased on band gap.


MODULE 3

Electrical conduction in metals and semiconductors, effect of doping on Fermi level insemiconductors.

Bloch theorem, Kronig —Penny model, electrical conductivity in exintrinsic semiconductors

Super Conductivity Types of semiconductors, Meissner effect, isotope effect, BCS theory,Josephson effect, SQUID, High temperature super conductors, Applications.

Use of SEM, TEM, AFM for material characterization.

MODULE 4

Dielectric property of solids-polarisability, ferroelectric crystals, magnetic properties of solids,dia, para and ferro magnetism, ferromagnetic domains, hysterisis, BH curve, adiabaticdemagnetization, Clausius-Mosotti relation, Lorentz-Lorentz formula, Curie-Weiss law, Langevin'stheory of diamagnetism and paramagnetism.

REFERENCES

1 Solid state Physics-Kittel, Wiley Eastern (1974)

2 Introduction to Solids- Azaroff, Tata McGraw Hill (1977) (Text)

3 Text book of Solid State Physics- S.O.Pillai, New Age International (2002)

4 Problems in Solid State Physics- S.O.Pillai, New Age International (2003)

5 Solid State Physics- A J Dekker , MacMillian India Ltd (2002)

CEL 1505 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

MODULE I

Microwave spectra of molecules- rotation of molecules, Rotational energy levels of rigid andnon-rigid diatomic molecules, Rotational term values, Pure rotational spectra of diatomic molecules,Effect of isotropic substitution-spectra, Polyatomic molecules, linear and symmetric top, Microwavespectrometer, Evaluation of molecular constants. Diatomic vibrating rotator, vibrational term values,evaluation of vibrational constants of diatomic.

IR spectroscopy, pure vibration spectrum of diatomic molecules, SHO and anharmonic oscillator.molecules from IR spectra, Interaction of and vibration , breakdown of Born-Oppenheimerapproximation.

MODULE 2

Vibration of polyatomic molecules- Modes of vibration of linear tri atomic and nonlinear tri atomicmolecules with special reference to CO 2 and 1120. Linear and symmetric top-Analysis by IRspectroscopy. Experimental techniques of IR spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy : Classical and quantum theory of Raman effect. Stokes and anti-StokesRaman lines, Pure rotational Raman spectra, Linear symmetric, top and spherical top molecules,vibrational Raman spectra, Complementary nature of IR and Raman spectra. Structure determinationfrom Raman and IR spectra, Experimental techniques and instrumentation.


MODULE 3

Electronic spectroscopy- Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, Vibrational coarse structure,progressions and sequences, Deslander's table isotope effect, Frank-Condon principle. Intensitydistribution in absorbtion and emission spectra. Condon parabola, Dissociation and predesosiation,Evaluation of dissociation energy, Rotaional fine structure of electronic spectra - P,Q R branchs,Band head formation, Band shading-Fortrat parabola. Basic ideas of experimental techniques.

MODULE 4

Spin resonance spectroscopy- Spin and applied field-Theory of NMR, Experimental techniquesand relaxation- Chemical shift

ESR-Theory and experimental techniques- g factor-Hyperfine structure

Mossbauer's spectroscopy, Mossbauer's effect-theory and experimental techniques,

Isomer shift

REFERENCES

Molecular Spectroscopy —Banwell ,Tata Mc Graw Hill ,4 th Ed (1995) (Text)

Molecular Spectroscopy-Anildhas ,Orient Longman (2001)

Spectra of Diatomic molecules-Gerald Hertz Berg , Dover Publishers (1983)

Quantum physics-Eisberg and Resnik ,John Wiley sons(2002)

Spectroscopy —Stroghen & Walker Vol.2 ,John Wiley Sons,N Y (1976)

Elements of Spectroscopy —Gupta Kumar and Sharma ,Pragathi Prakashan Meerut, 6thEd(1983)

Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy-C,L Arora ,S Chand Publishing Company,3 rd Edition(2001)

Spectroscopy and Molecular structure - G.W King ,Holt,Rinehart & Winston Inc(1964)

9. Molecular Spectroscopy- Raman Gopalan and Raghavan, Thomson LearningPublishers(2004)

CEL 1506 LAB/ VIVA

CEL 1507 SEMINAR


SEMESTER VI

CEL 1601 PHOTONICS I - OPTOELECTRONICS

MODULE I

Electronic properties of semi conductors - effect of pressure and temperature on band gap.density of carriers in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Consequence of heavy doping,conduction processes in semiconductors, electron-hole pair formation and recombination. PNjunction, carrier recombination and diffusion, injection efficiency, heterojunction, internalquantum efficiency, double heterojunction, quantum well, quantum dot and super lattices.

MODULE 2

Optical proprieties of semiconductors-Excitation absorption, donor-acceptor and impurity bandabsorption, long wavelength absorption.

Basics of all solid state lamps-LED materials and device configuration, efficiency, high brightnessLEDs, Light extraction from LEDs, LED structures-SH, DH, SQW, MQW, Device performancecharacteristics. Manufacturing processing and applications- White solid state lamps.

MODULE 3

Photodetectors- Thermal detectors, photoconductors, Junction photodiodes, APD, Opticalheterodyning and electro-optic measurements, fibre coupling, phototransister, Modulated barrierPD, Schottky Barrier PD. MSM PD. Detectors for long wavelength operation, microcavity PD,Solar cells- I-V characteristics and spectral response. Materials and design considerations ofsolar cells.

MODULE 4

Display devices- PL, EL and CL displays, displays based on LED, Plasma panel and LCD.

Optoelectronics modulation and switching devices-Analog and Digital modulation. EO, AO andMO modulators, SEED.

REFERENCES

Semiconductor optoeletronic devices-Pallab Bhattacharaya, PHI,(1995) (Text)

An introduction to optoelectronics- Wilson & Hawkes., Prentice Hall India, (1996)

Optic fiber communications —J.M Senior ,Prentice Hall India, (1995)

Semiconductor Optoelectronics-Jasprit Singh Tata Mc Graw Hill, (1995)

Light Emitting Diodes-E Fred Scheubert ,Cambridge University Press,(2003)

Solid State Lighting-Zukazukasu, John Wiley Sons NY,( 2002)

7. Optoelectronic devices and systems- S C Gupta ,Prentice Hall India (2005)

CEL1602 PHOTONICS II - FIBRE OPTICS

MODULE 1

Optical waveguides, numerical aperture, Modes in planar waveguides, Goos-Hanschen effect,evanescent field. Cylindrical fibres. Step index and graded index fibres, single mode and multimode


fibres, cut of wavelengths, channel waveguides, electro optic waveguides, i/p and o/p couplers,e-o and m -o modulators applications of integrated optics - lenses, grating, spectrum analysers.

MODULE 2

Transmission characteristics of optical fibre, attenuation, absorption and scattering losses,nonlinear losses, wavelengths for communication, bend losses, dispersion effects in optical fibres-material and waveguide dispersions, modal birefringence and polarization maintaining fibres.

MODULE 3

Optical fibre measurements - Allennnuation, loss dispersion band width, refractive index profile.OTDR. testing of optical fibre systems, eye pattern techniques.

Fabrication and characterization of Polymer fibres and holey fibres. Erbium doped fihres.

MODULE 4

Fibre optic sensors - Intensity modulation and interference type sensors, intrinsic: and extrinsicfibres. Polarisation modulation type sensors. Sagniac and fibre gyro, temperature, pressure, forceand chemical sensors.

Fibre components - couplers, connectors, Packaging, Fibre Optic communication- basic principle,WDM, telemetric applications. Industrial, medical and technological applications of optical fibre.

REFERENCES

Optical Fibre communication - J M Senior .Prentice Hall India (1994) (Text)

Optical Fibre communication sy'stems - J Gowar ,Prentice Hall India (1995)

Fibre optic communication - J Palais , Prentice Hall India (1988)

Fundamentals of Fibre Optic Telecommunication -B P Pal., Wiley Eastern(1994)

Integrated Optics - R G Husperger . Springer Verlag, (1998)

Fundamentals of Fibre Optics-B P Pal. ,Wiley Eastern., (1994)

7. Understanding Fiber optics- J Hecht ,Pearson Edu. Inc (2006)

CEL 1603 PHOTONICS III - LASER PHYSICS

MODULE 1

Radiative transitions and emission linewidths. Radiative decay of excited states, homogeneousand inhomogeneous broadenings. Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emissions. Einstein'sA and B Coefficients. Absorption and gain of homogeneously broadened radiative transitions,gain coefficient and stimulated emission cross section for homogeneous and inhomogeneousbroadening.

MODULE 2

Necessary and sufficient conditions for laser action ( population invasion and saturation intensity),threshold requirements for laser with and without cavity, laser amplifiers, rate equations forthree and four level systems, pumping mechanisms.

Laser cavity modes- longitudinal and transverse modes in rectangular cavity. FP cavity modes,Spectral and spatial hole burning, stability of laser resonator and stability diagram, unstable andring resonators.


MODULE 3

Q-switching and Mode locking, active and passive techniques, generation of giant pulses andpico second optical pulses, Properties of laser be»ra and techniques to characterize laser beam.

MODULE 4

Generation of ultra fast Optical pulses - Pulse compression. Femto second optical pulses,characterization of femto second pulses. Semi classical theory of lasers, polarization in themedium, first order theory.

REFERENCES

Laser Fundamentals - W T Silfvast, Cambridge University Press (1996)(Text)

Laser Electronics - J T Vardeyan. PHI,2 nd Ed (1989)

Lasers-Theory and Applications- Ghatak and Thyagarajan, McMillan (2002) (Text)

Principles of lasers - Svelto, Plenum Press (1948)

Solidstate laser engineering - Koechner, Springer Verlag (1993)

Laser Physics- Tarasov. Mir Publishers (1985)

CEL 1604 —PROJECT/VIVA

CEL 1605 -LAB/VIVA


SEMESTER VII•

CEL 2701 ADVANCED SOLID STATE THEORY

Reading Section: Crystal structures. X-ray crystallography

MODULE I

Free electrons in metals - ground state of free electron gas, heat capacity of free electron gas,transport properties of conduction electrons. Wiedemall -Franz law and temperature dependenceof electrical and thermal conductivities. Hall effect, energy band structure, tight binding approach.Waves in crystals - normal modes , Bloch's theorem, disperson relations.

MODULE 2

Semi conductors- electrons and boles, electrical conductivity, continuity equations, Parra, dia,ferro and ferri magnetism. Weiss molecular field. Neel model of anti ferromagnetism. spin wave,dielectrics - polarization due to relative motion of electrons and nuclei. Pyroelectric materials.Landau model.

MODULE 3

Super conductivity . Type 1 and Type II. London equation, Theory of super conductivity. Cooperproblem and origin of attractive interaction . super conducting ground stale, order parameter,flux quanisation, Josephson effects SQUID, Scattering of electrons and neutrons from solids,neutron scattering and phonon spectra, election scattering Metals- Fermi surfaces, density ofstates.

MODULE 4

Luminescence emission from semi conductors ,Oscillator strength of hand-to-band transition.Franz-Keldysh and Slark effect. Kramers- Kronig relations (ref 2).

Low dimensional structures- Quantum wells and quantum dots- creation and structure of quantumdots, single particle states of quantum dots, selection rules for inter band transitions, Intra andinter band transitions, Photoluminescence and absorption spectra, capacitance spectroscopy,self assembled quantum dots, quantum dots in magnetic field, Exciton in quantum dot.

REFERENCES

I. Solid state Physics- I L Hook and H E Hall, John Wiely Sons 2" Ed, (1993)

Semiconductor Optoelectronics - Pallab Bhatacharya, Prentice Hall 2nd Ed( 2002)

Quantum dots- L Jacak .P Hawylak, A Wojs,. Springer Verlag. (1998)

Solid State Physics — Kind, Wiley Eastern (1974)

Solid state Physics -A J Dekker, MacMillan India Ltd (2002)


CEL 27 02 LASER SYSTEMS AND LASER APPLICATIONS

MODULE 1

Classification of lasers, Type of pumping, design aspects of resonator, stable and unstableresonators, tuning mechanism, He-Ne laser. CO2 laser, Ar ion laser , Dye laser, semi conductorlaser. Nd YAG laser. OPO Laser. FEL, Pico and Femto second lasers, Recombination laser. X-raylaser. DFB laser, surface emitting and rare earth doped lasers.

MODULE 2

Laser diode-Thresold current and power output ,Semi conductor lasers, Hetrojunction lasersQuantum well lasers, DFB and surface emitting lasers,

Industrial Applications of lasers, absorption of radiation by metals, semiconductors andinsulators, laser drilling, welding, cutting and surface cleaning, laser generated plasma and laserdeposition of thin film, optical fibre spiking, generation of fibre grating.

MODULE 3

Lasers in chemistry, isotope separation, laser induced chemical reaction, infraredphotochemistry, ultrafast processes, monitoring fast chemical reactions, biological effects ofelectromagnetic radiation, lasers in medicine, photodynamic therapy, laser angioplasty, lasers insurgery, laser displays.

MODULE 4

Holography and Speckle interferometry, hologram recording and recombination, thin and thickholograms, applications of holography in NDT and pattern recognition. Principles of Speckleinterferometry and its applications to NDT.

Other applications of lasers- laser pollution monitoring, LIDAR, laser gyros, laser induced fusion,CD ROM, laser cooling and trapping of atoms- magnetic and optical traps, optical molasses,lasers in computing- optical logic gates.

REFERENCES

I. Principles of lasers -Svelto, Plenum Press 1998

Solid state laser engineering — W Koechner, Springer Verlag, Revised edition (2006)

Laser Processing and analysis of materials- W W Duley, Plenum Press (1983)

NdYag laser surgery — Joffy S N, Y Ogurov, Springer velag

Lasers in medicine - H K Kobener, Wiley Sons

Laser cooling and trapping - H J Metcalfe and P Van der Staten , Springer verlag

Lasers and nonlinear optics - B B Laud, Wiley Eastern 3 rd Ed (2004)

Optical computing - D G Beitelson, MIT Press (2000)

Fundamentals of Photonics - B E A Salch. M C Teich .John Wiley Sons, 2 nd Edition(2007)

Optical measurement technology and applications PK Rustogi, Artech. House (2001)

Optical Holography- P Hariharan, Cambridge University Press, 2nd Edition (1996).

12. Laser Processing and Chemistry- Dieter Bauerde, Springer Verlag, 2 nd Edition (1995).

CEL 2EX1 Elective I ( from the list)

CEL 2EX2 Elective II( from the list)


CEL 2703 LAB I-ELECTRONICS

CEL 2704 LAB II - MATHEMATICAL MODELLING & SIMULATION

This paper is fully practical oriented . It is mandatory to simulate at least one problem from eachunit, by creating the model and simulating it using C or C++. Alab test of three hours durationwould ensure the coverage and preparation. Simulation using Graph Theory is also envisaged inthis course.

REFERENCES

System simulation with digital computer — Narsingh Deo, Prentice Hall India (2003)(Text)

Graph Theory with Applicaations to Engneering and computer science- Narsingh Deo,Prentice Hall India (2003) (Text).

CEL 2705 SEMINAR / VIVA


SEMESTER VIII

CEL 2801 NON LINEAR OPTICS

Reading : Maxwell's equations. Poynting vector. Propagation of EMW in conducting andnonconducting media. Boundary conditions and snell's laws.

MODULE 1

Nonlinear optical coefficients, second order and third order susceptibility tensors, propagation ofEMW through second order nonlinear media. OSHG. phase matching. OPO frequency conversion,experimental technique in study second order non linearity.

MODULE 2

Third order NLO. FWM. Phase conjugate Optics, Distortion correction theorem, Generation ofOPC waves, Coupled mode formulation, Experimental set up, Experiments involving OPC-Resonators with OPC mirror, Distortion correction within resonator, Imaging through distortingmedium, Image processing through FWM.

MODULE 3

Two photon absorption, Experimental set up to detect TPA, Stimulated Raman Scattering, CARS,Raman laser,

Intensity dependent refractive index, Z-scan technique, Maxwell- Bloch equation, Self inducedtransparency, Pulse area theorem, self focusing, Threshold condition for self focusing.

MODULE 4

Saturable and reverse saturate absorbers, optical limiting , Z-scan technique, Nonlinear Fabry —Perot etalon, Optical transistors, NL F-P as computing element, Optical logic gates, Opticl bistability— absorptive and dispersive type bistabilities.

REFERENCES

Nonlinear Optics. - Shen. John Wiley and Sons (1991)

Optical electronics in modern communication (5 th E \ -a) A Yariv Oxford University press(1997).

Quantum Electronics —A Yarive, Accademic Press, 3 rd Ed(1989)

Non- Linear Fibre optics- Govind P Agarwal,Accademic Press, 2" d Ed(1989)

5. Polarisation of Light in Non- Linear optics- P Svirko &N I Zheludev, John Wiley Sons(1998)

CEL 2802 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND

OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Module ICharacteristics of signals — unit step function, impulse, ramp functions, frequency spectum ofperiodic wave functions.


Discrete time signals: properties of discrete lime system, difference equation representation,sampling and igitization Z transform, inverse Z transform. Discrete FT and its properties. FFT,decimation in time and frequency.

MODULE 2

Two dimensional Z-transform. Digital fillers, IK and FIR filters Design of IIR and FIR filters.Window function.

MODULE 3

Fresnel Transform, Hilbert, Radon and Mellin transforms, Two dimensional Fourier Transform,convolution and correlation. Effect of lens on wavefront. FT properly of lens, OTF. Time andspace integrating architecture, spectrum analysis, Vanderlugt filter.

MODULE 4

Image spatial filtering. SLMs AO. MO, EO and LC based SLMs, Optical numerical processing.Simple .-arithmatic evaluation of polynomials. Optical implementation of matrix vectormultiplication, double integration, partial differential equations.

REFERENCES

An introduction to analog and digital communication- Simon Haykin. John Wiley, (1994).

Modern digital and analog communication systems — Lathi B P, CULT OXFORD, (1998).

Signal processing using optics- B G Boone,Oxford Univ Press, (2000).

Optical computing-D G Feitelson.,MIT Press, (2001).

Digital image processing- B Jahane, Springer verlag, (1997).

The Fourier Transform And its Applications to Optics-P M Duffieux, John Wiley Sons2nd Ed, (1983)

7. Contemperory optics- Thygarajan & Ghatak, Mac Millian India, (1981)

CEL 2EX3- Elective III, 2EX4 - Elective IV

CEL 2803 LAB -1 ELECTRONICS

CEL 2804 LAB- II PHOTONICS

CEL 2805 SEMINAR /VIVA

44CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES

SEMESTER IX

CEL 2901 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

MODULE 1

Evolution of Optical Communication. Evolution of fibre types, guiding properties of fibres, crosstalk between fibres, dispersion properties of fibres, nonlinear properties of optical fibres. SRS.SBS, intensity dependent refractive index. Characterization of materials for fibres, fibre performpreparation, fibre drawing.

MODULE 2

Optical and mechanical characterization of fibres Optical cable design- design objectives andcable structures, fibre splicing. fibre end preparation, single and array splices, measurement ofsplicing efficiency, Optical fibre connectors, connector alignments, optical sources forcommunication. LED. injection lasers, modulation.

MODULE 3

Photo-detectors, Photo-detector noise, signal to noise ratio, Optical receiver operation, errorsources, receiver configuration„ Digital receiver performance calculations, Pre-amplifier types,high impedance and trans-impedance amplifiers, analog receivers.

MODULE 4

Digital transmission systems, Point to point links, system considerations, link power budget, risetime budget, Line coding, Coherent systems, heterodyne and homodyne detection. WDM conceptsand components, operational principles of WDM, Optical amplifiers, Erbium doped fiberamplifiers, Gain and power conversion efficiency, Soliton communication-basic principle- Opticalnetwork, network topologies.

REFERENCES

1. Optical fibre communication - J M Senior, Prentice Hall India (1994) (Text)

2 Optical fibre telecommunication IV B - I Kaninov, T Li, Academic Press, (2002)

Optical fiber Communications- Gerd Keiser, 3 rd Ed (2000) (Text)

Optical fiber communication-J Palais, Prentice Hall International, (1988)

CEL 2902 LAB — I FIBRE OPTICS LAB

CEL 2903LAB - II PHOTONICS LAB

CEL 2904 SEMINAR / VIVA

CEL 2EX5 — Elective V CEL 2EX6 - Elective 6, CEL 2EX7 — Elective 7

ELECTIVES

( CEL 2Ex will be offered as electives during VII, VIII and IX semesters depending on theavailability of Teaching Faculty and a minimum of 6 students giving option for the paper.)

45


CEL 2E 01 NETWORK ANALYSIS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MODULE I

Basic ciruit concepts-Kerchoffs law, Classification of circuits,T and D networks ,Networktheorems- Thevenin, Norton, Maximum power Transfer and SuperPosition theorems, Reciprocityand Substitution theorems.Transients in linear ciruits- R L & R C.

MODULE 2

Laplace transform analyses of simple network, partial fraction expansion, initial and finalvalue theorems, convolution integrals. Network functions, complex frequency, impedance andadmittance between transfer function and impulse response and their use in network analysis,zero plot.

MODULE 3

Introduction to positive real functions, network functions, network synthesis - synthesis ofpassive one port network, LC, RC, RL network, Foster and Causer methods

Modulation techniques- amplitude modulation and demodulation, frequency devisionmultiplexing, frequency modulation and demodulation. FM Radio, stereophonic FMbroadcasting, B/Wand colour Transmission and reception.

MODULE 4

PCM, samping. quantising, coding, DPCM, delta modulation, digital multiplexing for telephony,digilal modulalion - ASK. FSK, PSK. QPSK Signal to noise ratio, AM and FM receiver models,noise in AM and FM reception.

REFERENCES

Basic circuit theory - Desor and Kuo. Me. Gtaw Hill (1969)

Network analysis - Van Valkenberg,PrenticeHall India, 3' Ed(2004)

Network lines and fields — Ryder, Prentice Hall India,2 nd Ed(2003)

Principle of network synthesis - Van Vakenberg,

An introduction lo digital and analog communication - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, (1994)

Principles of communication systems - Taub. H and Schilling, DT

Modern digital and analog communication systems- CULT OXFORD(1998)

Network Analysis-G. K Mithel, Khana Publishers4 th Ed (1997)

Electronic Communication Systems- Kennely $&Davis,TataGraw Hill 4th Ed(1999)

Monochrome & Colour Television- R R Guletc, New Age International (2004)

CEL 2E 02 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS AND WAVELET THEORY

MODULE 1

Introduction to Discrete mathematics, notions and notations, functions - definition,

construction, properties, construction techniques, inductively defined sets, languageconstruction Equivalence relations, inductive proof, optimal algorithm, solving recurrences,comparing rates of growth.


MODULE 2

Elementary logic- Prepositional Calculus, formal reasoning system, predictive- logic, first orderpredictive calculus, equivalent formulae.

Applied logic, equality, programme correctness, higher order logic, computational logic, abstractdata types and algebras, computational algebra.

MODULE 3

Wavelet theory - one-dimensional wavelet systems, scaling equations, orthonormal waveletsystems.

MODULE 4

Wavelet image compression, wavelet filter design, wavelet channel coding and digitalmodulation techniques.

REFERENCES

Discrete Mathematics - Hein James L, Jones and Burlett Publishers Inc. (1998)

Foundations of Discrete Mathematics - Joshi K D, Wiley Eastern. (1989)

Wavelet analysis - H L Resnikoff and R 0 Wells, Springer verlag (1998)

Wavelets and allied topics - P K Jain Mhaskar. Krishna. Narosa ( 2001

CEL 2E 03 OPTICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

MODULE 1

Light beam as a sensing tool- simple optical sensors- single and double optic sensors-measurements of small displacements- radius of curvature-lamp and scale arrangement- angle ofrotation - speed of rotation - stroboscope, method of Triangulation, projected fringe technique,lidar for atmospheric remote sensing. lidar equation.

MODULE 2

Interferometry for precision measurements, two-beam interferometry, Michelson interferometer,fringe displacement and fringe counting, heterodyne interferometer, super heterodyneinterferometry. electron speckle pattern interferometry photoelastic measurements. Moiretechnique.

MODULE 3

Optical fibre sensors - general features- types of OFS- intrinsic and extrinsic sensors, shutterbased multimode OFS —simple fibre based sensors for displacement, temperature and pressuremeasurements- reflective FOS and applications, Fibre Bragg grating based sensors.

Light transmission in microbend fibres- microbend OFS- measurements with microbend sensors-evanescent wave phenomenon- evanescent wave FOS- chemical sensors using EWFOS-distributed sensing with FOS- OTDR and applications, FO smart sensing.

MODULE 4

Interferometric FOS- basic principles- interferometric configurations- Mach-Zender, Michelsonand Fabri-Perot configurations- component, and construction of interferometic FOS-applications of interometric FOS- Sagnac interferometer- fibre gyro, OTDR and Applications


REFERENCES

Fibre Optic Sensors- B D Gupta

Fundamentals of Fibre Optics in Telecommunications and Sensor Systems- B.P. Pal, WileyEastern(1994)

Optics -AjoyGhatak, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 3 rd Ed (2005)

Lasers, Theory and Applications - Ghatak & Thyagarajan, Mcmillan India Ltd (2002)

Optical measurement techniques and applications- P KRastogi. Artech House (1997)

Optical Fibre sensors, components and subsystems Vol. 3- Brain Culshaw and John Dakin,Artech House Inc. (1996)

7. Optoelectrinic Devices and Systems- S C Gupta, PHI (2005)

CEL 2E 04 ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

MODULE 1

Guided Waves- TE TM & TEM Waves -attenuation, Wave impedence, Rectangular wave guides,impedence and Q-factor of wave guides, power handling cavity,TE $ TM in circular waveguides— attenuation.

MODULE 2

Transmission Lines-Lossy transmission line, Lossless transmission line,characteristics, striop lines,microstrip lines, properties of substrates.

MODULE 3

Anntenna- Antenna structure, radition pattern, gain beam width, minor lobes, Travelling waveantenna, Directional properties of dipole antenna. Polarization, Thermal impedence Loss, SNR.

MODULE 4

Antenna arrays- Linear array, Binomial array, Antenna synthesis, Superdirective arrays,arrays oftwo isotropic point sources, pattern multiplication , horn antennas, parabolic reflectors.

REFERENCES

Antenns- Krauss J D,Mc Graw Hill (1995)

Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems- Jordan E C and Balmian, PHI 2" Ed (1998)

Introduction to Electromagnetism- Paul C A and Nassar S A, Mc Graw Hill (1987)

Microstrip Antennas- Bohl and Bhatia, Artech House (1980)

CEL 2E 05 OPTICAL COMPUTING

MODULE I

Analog optical processing. Linear Optical processing. Spatial filtering using binary filters,inverse filtering. Analog optical arithmetic- nonlinear optical processing, arithmetic operation.


MODULE 2

Recognition using analog optical systems, matched niter, joint transform correlation, amplitudemodulated recognition Tiller. Digital optical computing, nonlinear devices, integrated opticaldevices. SLM

MODULE 3

Shadow costing and symbolic substitution, design algorithm of shadow casting system,polarization encoded optical shadow tailing { POSC). POSC processing, symbolic substitutionand optical implementation.

MODULE 4

Optical implementation of memory, holographic and wave guide optical interconnections OpticalComputing devices- Nonlinear Fabry -Perot etalon. Optical transistor, threshold logic devices,devices using threshold logic gale components, optical computer.

REFERENCES

Optical computing-an introduction - MA Karim. AAS Awwal, John Wiley, (1992)Text)

Signal processing using optics- B G Boone . Oxford Univ Press, (2000)

Optical computing-D G Feitelson. MIT Press , 2001 ( Text)

Optical computing — Digital and Symboles,Raymond Arathoon, Macel Deccker N Y (1989)

CEL 2E 06 MICROWAVE PHOTONICS

MODULE 1

General performance consideration of transmission lines-coaxial cables, wave guides.microstrip, stripline, optical fibre, comparison of losses. Radio frequency beam forming.scanning techniques, circuit beam formers, imaging reflector antennas, RF electronic beamsteering techniques for optical fibres.

MODULE 2

Phased array antennas. AO lime delays for phased array antennas, delay line, lime delaysarrangements for phased array antennas, experimental results, two dimensional array antennas,beam steering.

MODULE 3

Optically controlled beam scanning, phase shifters, injection locking, beam Steering usingsubharmonic injection locking, inter junction locking method, unilateral injection locking.

MODULE 4

Binary optical delay lines, fibre optical delay lines, square root cascade delay lines, hackground binary fibre optical delay line, architecture and design of BIFODEL.

Optical beam steering of antennas using lasers, Optically controlled array, image mask, fibreoptic shutter switch, signal lo noise ratio and laser out put. radiation pattern and reduction inside lobe level, photonic crystals (or microwave application).

Tea Antenna design with fibre optics- A Kumar, Artech House (1996).


REFERENCES

Coplanar waveguides, circuit, components and systems- E J Simons, Wiley(2001)

Integrated optics,circuits-EJ Murphy., Marcel Dekker Inc.(1999)

3. Photonics crystals - S G Johnson, J D Joannopoulos; Kluver Pub(2002)

CEL2E 07 ATOM OPTICS

MODULE 1

Linear Atom Optics- Light forces on atoms. atomic cooling. Doppler and Sisyphus cooling.Evaporative cooling. Atomic beam collimation and focusing, channeling by standing Waves.Evanescent Held mirrors, focused laser beam mirrors.

MODULE 2

Atomic diffraction - Ramn-Nath and Bragg regime, grilling and interferometers, Atomic trapsand cavities magneto optic. magnetic and optical traps. atomic waveguides.

Quantum atom optics- matter wave coherence, Bose Einstein Condensation, experiments in alkalivapours, atom lasers, matters wave Solitons.

MODULE 3

Nonlinear wave mixing- Atomic four wave mixing, mixing of optical and mailer waves. parametricamplification of atomic and optical fields.

MODULE 4

Entanglement between atomic and optical fields, matter waves super radiance, mailer waveamplification. Application of atom optics.

REFERENCES

Atom Optics - P Meysire . Springer Verlag. 2001

Laser cooling and atom traps-Melcalfe, Springer Verlag (1998)

CEL 2E 08 LASER SPECTROSCOPY

MODULE I

Spectroscopy technique, Conventional spectroscope recording in UV-Vis-NIR region usingdispersing spectrographs, Comparison between Spectrometers and interferometers.

Laser Raman Techniques- Hyper Raman effect, SRS,CARS, PARS,Experimental schcmes Generalapplications of Laser Raman Spectroscopy.

OG Spectroscopy-theory and experimental techniques —applications of OGS.

MODULE 2

Fluorescence spectroscopy-Different types of spectroscopy —Characteristics of Luminescence-General concepts, processes, Parameters-Energy Transfer mechanisms —Sensization andquenching. Experimental Schemes.

Rare earth- ions- Absorption and fluorescence spectra.- Energy levels of rare earth ions in fluorideand suiphide crystals.

Fluorescence of Dyes —structure and properties of organic laser Dyes- Quantum efficiency.


MODULE 3

High Resolution spectroscopy-Doppler free spectroscopy, Two photon absorption spectroscopy,Saturation absorption spectroscopy.

Laser photoionization spectroscopy-photoionization of excited atoms-Rydberg atomic states —00DR Techinique .Photoionization detection of single atoms-Different methods of single atomdetection.

Correlation spectroscopy of scattered light, photon assisted collisional energy transfer, singlemolecule detection, spectroscopic characterization of BE condensates.

MODULE 4

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy- Theory of PAS of gases,-Resonance conditions —RG Theory(analytical treatment) PA effect in gases, liquids, and solids- Design of PA spectrometer—Applicationof PAS —Evaluation of optical and thermal parameters-Thermal diffusivity- Depth profiling.

Thermal lens spectroscopy- Focal length of thermal lens — single and double beam techniques -applications of TLS.

REFERENCES

Photoacoustic spectroscopy — Rosencwaig, Wiley,(1981)

Thermo optic spectroscopy- J Sell, Academic press, (1992)

Laser Spectroscopy : W Demtroder , Springer Verlag 3 rd ed, 2003 ( Text)

Lumincence in Solids —D R Vij ,Plenum Press NY, (1998)

Lasers and Nonlinear optics — B B Laud, New Age International 2 nd Edition, (2003)

Laser spectroscopy and its Applications- Leon J Radzemski, Marcel Deklar Pub.IncNY

(1987)

Dye lasers —F P Schafer, Springer Verlag 2 nd Revised Ed (1977) (2006)

Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy _ Vladin S Letokhov, Accademic Press Inc (1987)

9. Spectroscopy,Lumincence and Radiations centeres in minerals-A S Marfunin,Spriger VerlagN Y (1977)

CEL 2E 09 QUANTUM OPTICS

MODULE 1

Quantisation of EMF. Field quantisation. Fock slates, coherent slates, coherence properties ofEMF - first order optical coherence, coherent field, photon correlation measurements, photoncounting measurements.

Representation of EMF. Expansion in number stales, coherent states, P-representation, correlationand characteristic functions, Photon statistics, photon number representation.

MODULE 2

Density of states and density matrix .Squeezed light-generation and application of squeezed light,coherent interaction of light with matter, Maxwell - Bloch equations. Spontaneous decay of twolevel atoms.


MODULE 3

. Optical Instability- dispersive and absorptive cases Bell's inequalities in quantum optics, EPRargument, experimental studies, nondemolition measurements, quantum coherence.

MODULE 4

Deflection of atoms by light. Kapitza- Dirac effect. Optical Stern -Gerlach experiment, Interactionbetween Atoms and quantized fields- dressed fields, Jaynes - Cummings model.

REFERENCES

Quantum optics-D P Walls& G H Milburn , Springer verlag.(1993) (Text).

Elements of quantum optics -Meysre and M Sargent , Springer verlag ,(1998) (Text )press, (1995).

CEL 2E 10 PHOTONICS MATERIALS

MODULE 1

Nano materials- nanocrystals, quantum dots and quantum wells, nanocrystals of Ill-Vcompounds and indirect gap materials, energy states of quantum dots, photonics applications ofquantum dots and quantum wells, photonic switches and modulators using quantum dots andquantum wells.

MODULE 2

Organic materials for photonics, evaluation of second order and third order optical.

non linearities, organic materials for second and third order nonlinear optics, photoreractivepolymers, polymers for light emiting sources, optical limiting, polymers for optical fibre.

MODULE 3

Sol-Gel materials for Photonics applications, method of preparations, electro optic-magnetooptic and acousto optic materials, Photonic devices based on EO.MO , AO effects. Fluoride glassbased fibres and their applications.

MODULE 4

Thin film optics based components, design and production of thin films, and reflection and dichroicreflection coatings. DWDM filters, production and characterization of optical thin films- PLD,CVD, PV,. MBE,dip,spin and spray coatings.

Optical IC and wave guide structures- coplanar waveguides, frequency doublers. mixers. MEMS,Photonic band gap structures, waveguides of elevated and buried structures, optical Ics-architecture and applications.

REFERENCES

1 Optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots - V Woggon . Springer verlag.( 1997)

Optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals- S VGaponeko, Cambridge University

Press(1998).

Sol-Gel for Photonics, B J Thompson. SP1E. (1998).

4. Practical design & production of optical thin films - R R Wiltey, Marcel & Dekker, (2002).


Coplanar wave guide circuits, components and systems- R N Simons.Wiley, ( 2001)

Nonlinear optics of organic molecules & polymers -H S Nalwa, S Miyata. CRC, (1996).

7. Sol- Gel Materials- chemistry and applications — John D Wright and Nico A J M Sommerdijk,Gorden & Breach Science Publications (2001).

CEL 2E 11 OPTO-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MODULE 1

Drawings of optical components and systems, dimensional tolerances and error budgets Principlesof opto mechanical design-structural and kinematic aspects- vibration control Materials for opticalsystems, properties and selection criteria, metal mirrors- fabrication methods and light weighting.

MODULE 2

Light weight mirror design- estimating minor weight, mirror self-weight deflection, contouredback mirrors and sandwich mirrors, Optical mounts for lenses, windows, small mirrors andprism: adjustment mechanism- lilear, tilt and rotary adjustment mechanism.

MODULE 3

Structural analysis of optics- finite element theory, displacement and dynamic models for optics,stress models, optical surface evaluation, modeling of optical structures, ray tracing, optimumdesign.

MODULE 4

Thermal and thermo elastic analysis of optics, heal transfer analysis, model types, interpolationof temperature fields, thermo elastic analysis.

Fabrication methods- method selection manufacturing methods, fabrication of light weightcomponents, chemical and vacuum coating processes in optics.

REFERENCES

Hand book of optomechanical engineering - A A hmad, CRC (1997)

Passive Micro optical Alignment Methods — R.A. Boudreau & S.M. Boudreau, Taylor & FrancisGroup, C.R.C(2005).

CEL 2E 12 INDUSTRIAL PHOTONICS

MODULE 1

Photonics Technology ; Components -couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers, and fillers -fibre gratings, interferometers. FO amplifiers, transmitters and deletions, switches, wavelengthconverters, nonlinear effects in signal transmission, self phase and cross phase modulation, solitonpulse propagation.

MODULE 2

Modulation and demodulation- signal formats, direction detection receivers, coherent detectiontest beds- Lambdanet, STARNET. Rainbow. Wavelength routing network. Optical layer in Network,Node design. Networking design and operation, Routing wavelength assignment.


MODULE 3

Control and Management _ Network management function, configuration-performance- and faultmanagements. Optical safely, Wavelength routing test beds- AON. NTTR, ONTC, MONET.

MODULE 4

Access network- Network architecture, HFC. FTTC. Optical Acces Network architecture,deployment considerations- upgrading the transmission capacity- SDM, TDM, WDM, Applicationareas -inter exchange, undersea, local exchange networks Packaging and cabling of Photonicscomponets - Photonic packet switching, OTDM, multiplexing and demultiplexing, Optical logicgates, Synchronization, broadcast OTDM.

network. OTDM testbeds.

REFERENCES

I. Optical Networks - A Practical applications - R Ramaswami and K N Sivarajan - MarcourtAsia (2000)

Photonic switching technology - H T Mouftah, J M H Elmirghani - IEE Press (1999)

Deploying Optical Networking components - Oil Held, McCraw Hill (2001)

4. Optical Interconnection-C Tocci, HI Caulfield, Artech House (1999)

CEL 2E 13 BIO-PHOTONICS

Topics for reading: Fundamentals of light as matter, basics of biology, fundamentals of lightmatter interactions, lasers, laser technology, nonlinear optics (introduction to bio-photonics byPN Prasad , Chapter 1 — 6).

MODULE 1

Photobiology; interaction of light with cells with cells and tissues, Photo-process in Biopolymers-human eve and vision, Photosynthesis; Photo-excitation — free space propagation, optical fibredelivery system, articulated arm delivery, hollow tube wave-guides.

Optical coherence Tomogaphy, Fluorescence, resonance energy transfer imaging.

MODULE 2

Bio-imaging: Transmission microscopy, Kohler illumination, microscopy based on phase contrast,dark-field and differential interference contrast microscopy, Florescence, confocal and multi-photon microscopy.

Optical Biosensors: Florescence and energy transfer sensing, molecular beacons and opticalgeometries of bio-sensing, Biosensors based on fibre optics, planer waveguides, Flow Cytometry:basis, flurochromes for flow cytometry, DNA analysis.

MODULE 3

Laser activated therapy; Photodynamic therapy, photo-sensitizers for photodynamic therapy,applications of photodynamic therapy, two photon photodynamic therapy. Tissue engineeringusing light; contouring and restructuring of tissues using laser, laser tissue regeneration, femto-second laser surgery.

54CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES

MODULE 4

Laser tweezers and laser scissors: design of Laser tweezers and laser scissors, optical trappingusing non Guassian optical beam, manipulation of single DNA molecules, molecular motors,laser for Genomics and Proteomics, semi conductor Quantum dots for bio imaging, Metallicnano-particles and nano-rods for bio-sensing, Photonics and biomaterials: bacteria as bio-synthezersfor photonics polymers.

REFERENCES

Introduction to bio-photonics — P.N. Prasad Wiley Interscience (2003) (Text)

Biomedical Photonics — A handbook — T.Vo Dinh (CRC Press) (2002)

Optical Imaging Techniques in Cell Biology — Guy Fox, Taylor & Francis Group, C.R.C(2007).

An Introduction to Biomedical Optics- R. Splinter & B.A. Hooper, Taylor & Francis Group,C.R.C(2007).

CEL 2E 14 NANOPHOTONICS

MODULE I

Foundations for Nanophotonics.

Confinement of Photons and Electrons, Propagation Through a Classically ForbiddenZone:Tunneling, Localization Under a Periodic Potential: Bandgap, Cooperative Effects forPhotons and Electrons , Nanoscale Optical Interactions, Nanoscale Confinement of ElectronicInteractions, Quantum Confinement Effects, Nanoscale Electronic Energy Transfer.

Near-Field Interaction and Microscopy : Near-Field Optics, Modeling of Near-Field NanoscopicInteractions, Nanoscale Enhancement of Optical Interactions , Time- and Space-Resolved Studiesof Nanoscale Dynamics.

MODULE 2

Quantum-Confined Materials : Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires, Quantum Dots Quantum Rings,Manifes,tations of Quantum Confinement , Optical Properties , Quantum-Confined Stark Effect,Dielectric Confinement Effect, Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, Quantum-Confined Structures asLasing Media, Metallic nanostructures and their applications.

Growth Methods for Nanomaterials, Epitaxial Growth, Laser-Assisted Vapor Deposition (LAVD).

MODULE 3

Characterization of Nanomaterials, X-Ray Characterization, Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Nanostructured Molecular Architectures :Noncovalent Interactions, Nanostructured PolymericMedia, Molecular Machines, Dendrimers, Supramolecular Structures.

Photonic Crystals : Basics Concepts, Methods of Fabrication, Photonic Crystal Optical Circuitry,Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF).

55


MODULE 4

Nanocomposites: Nanocomposite Waveguides, Random Lasers, Nanocomposites forOptoelectronics.

Nanolithography, Nanoimprint Lithography.

Bio Nanophotonics and nanomedicine : Photonic materials of biological origin, Nanoparticlesfor Optical Diagnostics.

Biosensing, Nanoclinics for Optical Diagnostics and Targeted Therapy.

REFERENCES

Nanophotonics : P N Prasad, Wiley Interscience ( 2003) ( TEXT).

Biophotonics: P N Prasad, Wiley Publications ( 2004).

3. Nanophotonics, Heve Rigneault, ISTE ( 2006).

CEL 2E15 ADVANCED LASER SYSTEMS

MODULE I

Gas lasers: General principle of population inversion in gas laser excitation and depopulationmechanisms-pulsed and continuous wave lasers-collision lasers. Helium Neon gas laser-energylevels-energy transfer-excitation methods- fabrication details-operating characteristics. He-Cdlasers-laser structure-excitation mechanism.

Molocular gas lasers: Discharge in molecular CO2 - inversion mechanisms- CO2 laser modes-CW and pulsed CO2 lasers-power supply of CO2 lasers-laser amplifier-TEA CO2 lasers-Nitrogenlaser-pumping method-emission characteristics-pulsed N2 laser design. Far IR gas lasers-laserstructure and excitation mechanisms.

MODULE II

Ion laser: Argon ion energy levels - excitation mechanisms-fabrication of argon ion lasers-uvemission-Excimer and metal vapour rare gas dimers-electronic structure-rare gas excimer-energylevel diagram - excimer decay mechanism - xenon halide and krypton halide lasers-excitationmechanisms - efficiency — physics of metal vapour laser-copper vapour laser-fabrication details.

MODULE III

Solid state lasers: properties of solid state laser materials — fluorescence emission in solids - RubyNd. YAG, Nd: Glass lasers - laser energy levels — pumping sources and cavity configurations -power supply - CW and pulsed operation - General ideas of the following: Tunable solid statelasers-Ti-sapphire and Alexandrite lasers-fiber lasers-diode pumped solid state lasers-color centerlasers.

MODULE IV

Semiconductor lasers: Population inversion-threshold condition-Ga As diode laser-emissioncharacteristics-hetero junction laser-tunable diode lasers- tuning methods-quantum well structure-high power semiconductor diode lasers- frequency control of laser output-distributed feed backlasers-cleaved coupled cavity laser, surface emitting lasers, mode locking of semiconductor lasers,large wavelength semiconductor lasers.


MODULE V

Dye laser: Spectroscopy of organic ayes-fluorescence and phosphorescence- optical pumping-incoherent and coherent pumping-threshold condition-rate equation-cw and pulsed dye lasers-turning mechanism-dye laser line width-ring dye laser-General ideas of the following lasers:Spin flip Raman laser-Free electron laser, plasma recombination laser-OPO based laser system-X-ray lasers and chemical lasers.

REFERENCES

Solid State Laser Engineering - W. Koechener (Springer Verlag)

Dye Laser - Schaffer (Springer Verlag)

Quantum Electronics - A. Yariv (John Wiley)

Laser Physics - Tarasov (Mir Publishers)

Semiconductor optoelectronic Devices-Pallab Bhattacharya, (Prentice Hall India).

Lasers: Principles and Applications-J.F.B.Hawkes, Wilson. (Prentice Hall)

Lasers-Peter-W Miloni and Joseph H Eberly

Laser Fundamentals-William T.Silfast (Cambridge University Press)

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