“Currently, the hottest play going in unconventional gas ... Marcellus.pdf · “Currently, the...
Transcript of “Currently, the hottest play going in unconventional gas ... Marcellus.pdf · “Currently, the...
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“Currently, the hottest play going in unconventional gas is the
pursuit of shale gas reservoirs.”*
*Oil and Gas Investor
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The Northeast – Birthplace of U.S. Oil & Gas
• First natural gas well - William Hart – 27’ deep−1821 – Fredonia, New York
• First oil well – E. L. Drake−1859 – Titusville, Pennsylvania
• 1000’s years of experience had anticipated the event
• Problems−Accessing it in quantity−Storage and transport
The solution was technology
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What do these have in common?
EARLY GAS PIPELINES
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Meeting the Challenges of the Marcellus Shale Through Technology
Dan GualtieriTechnology Manager Houston Business Development (Land) and South TexasBusiness Development Manager Halliburton Consulting and Project Management Services
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Gas Rate SimGas RateOil RateOil rate Sim
Quantify Construct Complete Analyze
Decades of ShaleLog® Application
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The Marcellus Shale
OHIO
KENTUCKY
NEW YORK
PENNSYLVANIA
Marcellusat a glance
WESTVIRGINIA
Location: Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, West Virginia
Size: 34 Million Acres
Drilled: 1821 / 2003
Gas in Place: 150 to 500 Tcf
Depth: 4000 to 8000 ft TVD
Pressure: 1500 to 5000 psi
Temperature: 100 to 150º F
Thickness: 50 to 250 ft
Frac Gradient: 0.9 to 1.1 psi/ft
Today’s Emerging Opportunity in the Northeast
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The Marcellus: Major Challenges
• Reservoir understanding
• Drilling and completion effectiveness and efficiencies
• Water and environmental regulations
• Infrastructure development
How is Halliburton applying technology to meet these challenges?
Marcellus Shale Outcrop
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Reservoir Understanding – Formation Evaluation
Triple Combo: Neutron, Gamma, Resistivity, Density− Measure of rock type− Clay Content− Formation Density− Formation Porosity
• ShaleLog® analysis − Detailed shale types− Clay content− Total organic Carbon− Thermal maturity− Formation Brittleness
• GEM™ - elemental analysis− Rock mineralogy without cores
• LaserStrat® Chemostratigraphy Service− Chemostratigraphy on well cuttings − wellbore steering− Fundamental Rock mineralogy Assessment
7400
7500
7600
Burkett
Tully Lime
Hamilton
U MarcellusL Marcellus
Onondaga
181.00
3.50
26.000.00
31.503.00
42.00
2.37
0.17
2.180.00
2.053.65
5.66
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OPTICEM™ Cement Job Modeling
• Optimized pump rates for mud displacement and erodibility• Pressure limitations to prevent fracturing • Volumetric calculations of all fluids• Fluid positions at all points during job• Centralization design and standoff calculations• Gas migration potential• Surface pressure calculations
Curve: main buildup area for cuttings
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Horizontal Well Construction
Horizontal wells efficiencies and to optimize completion performance.• Mineral oil based drilling fluids• Foamed and Acid Soluble Cement• OH Swellpackers® & DeltaStim® Sleeves
• LaserStrat® Chemostratigraphy Service• Pulsed Neutron and Neural Networks• CobraMax® H Coiled Tubing Stimulation
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Water and Environmental Regulations
• Environmentally-friendly additives• Frac fluid chemical technology that
allows re-use of flowback water• Enviro-Floc™ drilling fluid dewatering• Enviro-Fix™ solids stabilization• CleanStream™ UV light bacteria control• Water recycling options
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Enviro-Fix™ solids stabilization
• Pozzolanic chemistry process−forms an inert, watertight, stable crystalline matrix
• Disposal Options−On location−Sanitary landfill−Road construction
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CleanStream™ Trailer – UV Stimulation Fluid Treatment
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Marcellus - Local Logistics, Concerns and Infrastructure
• Development in areas new to oil and gas activity causing concerns• Logistics – remote locations, rugged terrain, access to materials and services• Permitting slowed by required environmental assessments and
water procurement/disposal limitations• Pipeline infrastructure limited to deliver anticipated production• Economic feasibility over long term with uncertain natural gas prices and new
supply channels
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Conventional Hydraulic Fracturing
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Technical Command Center (Fracturing Control Center)
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Marcellus Shale – This is Not South Texas
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Environmental Impact - Lower Pump Rates, More Stages
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Water Based Friction Reducer vs. Oil Based
ShaleCleanSM Service Fracture and Formation Damage – AquaStim UC
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Capillary Forces – Addressed with GasPerm 1000
• Microemulation additive• Concentration 2 gal / 1000 gal• Reduce capillary end effects • Aids removal of injected water
• 221% longer frac/# prop• 233% higher Net Present “Volume”• 25% less damage to fracture length• 25% higher max normalized gas rate• 5% Lower stimulation treating
pressures
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• Stimulation well generates microseismicevents
• Geophones in monitor well identify and map precise location of events
Pinnacle Microseismic Monitoring
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Microseismic Monitoring
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Pipeline Leakage Detection
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 metres
°C
Zone: K3/DLTemp: -15°CDistance: 4774m
Alarm
+40
+30
+20
+10
0
-10
-40
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StimWatch® Stimulation Monitoring system using Distributed Temperature Systems (DTS)
Swellpacker® Cable systemSwellpackerSwellpacker®® Cable systemCable system Delta Stim® sleeve featuring DTS bypassDelta StimDelta Stim®® sleeve sleeve featuring DTS bypassfeaturing DTS bypass
DTS fiber optic systemDTS fiber optic DTS fiber optic systemsystem
Surface Acquisition System
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StimWatch® Injection Profiling
Well 7196B-2
0
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200095 100 105 110 115 120
Temperature ºF
Dep
th (f
t)
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Rate (stb/d)
Grad
DTS
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Rate
Cum Rate
Temperature (F)
Dep
th (f
t)
Rate (stb/d)Identified fluid entry
points.
Allocated flow rates.
Observed steam
anomaly.
StimWatch® Injection Profiling and Production Monitoring
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Reservoir Evaluation
5000
4500
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1000
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0
M c
f/d
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Days
Actual■
■ Model
Pressure Distribution
0
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15000 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000
X [ft]
Y [ft
]
N
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W E
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Reservoir Drainage Modeling to optimize field development
Staggering spacing can increase recovery over 20% and avoid well interference
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Questions