Current status of the plant breeding and impact of the ...€¦ · Current status of the plant...
Transcript of Current status of the plant breeding and impact of the ...€¦ · Current status of the plant...
Current status of the plant breeding and impact of the FHIA hybrids in
Africa
R. Swennen
Current status of the plant breeding and impact of the FHIA hybrids in
Africa
R. Swennen
Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa
R. Swennen
Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa
R. Swennen
Banana breeder
Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa
and elsewhere
R. Swennen Banana genetic resources
Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa
R. Swennen
Professor Fundamental and applied research
Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa
and elsewhere
R. Swennen Banana breeder
Plantain and Matooke
West and Central Africa 8 out 10 top producers in the world are African countries 70 million people depend on it 180 varieties
•Countries around the great lakes •20% of global production
•Highest consumption rate in the world •30% of arable land goes to bananas
•70 varieties
Plantain
Matooke
Banana based farming
Wild plants
Crops Wild animals
Domesticated animals
Plantain diversity
More plantain diversity
Black Sigatoka
Plantain Matooke
Plantain and Matooke hybrids
225% yield increase 60% IITA IITA/NARO
Breeding efficiency
• IARPCB (International association for research on plantain and cooking banana)
• FHIA field collection • Ripening room • Seed extraction • Exchange visits
Ripening room
Seed extractor
X
Mother: triploid Male: diploid
Embryo rescue
Landrace-susceptible Hybrid-resistant male-resistant Female male
Plantain hybrids
Phenotypic traits and types of gene action in Musa.
_______________________________________________________________________________Phenotypic Trait Type of Gene Action
_______________________________________________________________________________
Albinism Two complementary recessive genes
Apical dominance One major recessive gene in plantains
Banana weevil resistance Gene(s) with incomplete/partial dominance toward
resistant parent in the diploid plantain-banana hybrids
Black sigatoka resistance One major recessive gene and two additive minor genes
with dosage effects in plantain-banana hybrids
Bunch weight Epistatic interactions increase yield in polyploid hybrids
Dwarfism in French plantains One major recessive for short false internodes with
modifiers affecting plant height
Fruit parthenocarpy One segregating locus in plantain hybrids and 'Calcutta 4'
Fruit size and weight Larger fruit in polyploids due to epistasis
P d t i O i b t dditi ll l dif i it
Diploid breeding??
Matooke (3x), 660K-1 (4x), 12468.S6 (3x)
Matooke hybrids
Matooke (3x), 660K-1 (4x), Calcutta (2x),
Matooke (3x), 660K-1 (4x), Calcutta (2x), TMB2x 8075-7 (2x), 12468.S6 (3x)
TM3x 15108-1
TM3x 15108-2
TM3x 15108-6
TMPx 4479-1(4x)
SH-3362(2x)
'Bobby Tannap'(3x)
'Calcutta 4'(2x)
SH-3217(2x)
SH-3142(2x)
SH-2095(2x)
SH-2766(2x)
Intermating 'Pisang jari buaya'(2x)
('Sinwobogi' X 'Tjau Lagada')(2x)
(wild malaccensis X 'Guyod')(2x)
(3x)
(wild malaccensis X 'Guyod')(2x)
'Tjau Lagada'(2x)
Pedigree of 'PITA-15', 'PITA-16', and 'PITA-19'.
FHIA
IITA
Secondary triploid
Diploid breeding
Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa
and elsewhere
R. Swennen Banana genetic resources
International Musa Transit Centre (ITC): Global banana collection
Transit Centre
Recipient country
Global testing
90,000 samples to 296 research partners in 103 countries
International Musa testing programme
Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa
R. Swennen
Professor Fundamental and applied research
Kagera
IMTP
1,200 – 1,800 m a.s.l.
24 varieties 71,000 in vitro plants
Beans Coffee Cassava TreesCassava
HOUSE Matooke
Dessert bananasCooking bananasBrewing bananas
Sweet PotatoBambarra nutYam
KIBANJA RWEJA
Impact (1994-2014)
• 6 million suckers • 1/3 multiplied by the project • 2/3 multiplied by the farmers and farmer’s
organisation • 0.5 million people with income 3x
,
United Nations Award for banana research
Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa
R. Swennen
Professor Fundamental and applied research
The banana transformation platform
8000-100 000 plants per ml
In vitro plantlet stage
Constitutive expression
Root specific expression
Live LUC
Expression patterns
GM banana fields in Uganda, Costa Rica, Brasil
Bacterial wilt caused by Xanthomonas
BXW GM banana
GM plants, especially diploid GM plants should become part of a conventional breeding program
Dehydration studies
Thermal imaging
Detection of differential stomatal behavior between water treatment based ΔT Principle : TClosed > TOpened
WW WS
Proteomics of dehydration
tolerant and susceptible variety
Proteins linked to abiotic stress B genome with A genes: Ba A genome with B genes: Ab
• 9 active breeding programmes • Interesting hybrids of other programmes • Other breeding approaches • Impact of FHIA hybrids • IITA and IITA/NARO breeding
• New material coming from Indonesia
Accelerating breeding
• Upcoming RTB meeting in Cameroon • MAS breeding • GBS of Musa (nearly 1000 varieties) • Genomic selection
• More emphasis on large and fast
phenotyping