National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa,.

Current Status of CRZ It’s implementation

ByV.P. Mahale, A.K. Chaubey,

G.M. Tirodkar & S.C. Vaz

Coast regions in general have become more

economically attractive than in the past, and are

hence exploited to the extent of being overused.

Moreover, the coast line is sensitive and

susceptible to degradation and are vulnerable to

natural hazards. As a consequence, coastal region

have become ecologically endangered. So we

need to adopt means to conserve and protect it.

Global scenario

Coastal plains and islands in India

Introduction

Ø India’s coast line runs for 7,500 km

Ø Over 25% of it’s population resides within its 50 km.

Ø Rapid development has been observed all along the

Indian Coastline, leading to severe environmental issues.

Ø Though development is necessary for the economic

growth of the country, care must be taken to avoid any

major damage to the coastal and marine environment.

Ø Keeping this in mind the first step was taken in 1976 by

introducing Maritime Zone Act.

Evolution

Ø A decade later MoEF promulgated EPA, 1986

Ø Over 25% of it’s population resides within its 50 km.

Ø Subsequently to protect and conserve our coastline MoEF

issued Coastal regulation Zone, 1991 under EPA

Ø Under this the entire coast was classified into 4 zones.

Ø CRZ, 1991 underwent 25 amendments in 2 decades

Ø An attempt was made to constitute Coastal Management

Zone under the Prof. Swaminathan Committee, 2004

Ø A report was submitted 2005

Incoporation

Ø CMZ was declared lapsed 2008

Ø MoEF recommended re-notefying CRZ 1991

Ø Multi-lingual draft was published 2010

Ø Finally published on 6th Jan 2011 as CRZ Notification

2011

Ø IPZ is introduced to protect Islands

Implication of CRZ, 2011

Ø Special provision for Goa, Mumbai, Kerala and CVCAs

Ø Clear procedure for approval with time frame

Ø CRZ extended to include territorial waters

Ø Preparation of new CZMP, valid up-to 24 months

Ø Introduction of Hazard line; SoI to map; considering

(tide, waves, sea-level rise, flooding and shoreline)

Ø Shoreline to be mapped by time series satellite images

Ø NDZ reduced from 200m to 100m for local communities

Ø 7km radial studies around the project side

●

Current Status

Ø Implementation of the CRZ was initially ignored by many state

governments (Ref)

Ø Casualties in Indian Ocean Tsunami demonstrated the gross

neglect and was an eye-opener

Ø Public utility, reclamation, alteration of tidal flow (bunding)

prohibited activities needs to be addressed

Ø To strengthen implementation post-clearance monitoring

mechanism is introduced

Ø Inspection of 7km radius around the project site

Ø CRZ map preparation at 1:4000 scale

COASTAL REGULATION ZONE

The Central Government, does hereby,

declare the coastal stretches of the country

and the water area up-to its territorial water

limit, under Coastal Regulation Zone

Terminologies in CRZ

• HTL High Tide Line (bottom line)• LTL Low Tide Line• OffsetSet-Back Lines• NDZ No Development Zone

SEA

High Tide Line

For the purposes of this notification, the High Tide Line (HTL) means the line on the land up-to which the highest water line reaches during the spring tide

Low Tide Line

It is the line or level that coincides with the Chart Datum along the coast.

Spatial Limits of CRZ

CRZ shall apply to:

Ø The land area: HTL to 500 m in case of sea HTL to 100 m in case of river

Ø Intertidal zone: Between HTL and Low Tide Line

Ø The water and the bed area between: LTL to 12 Nm in case of sea LTL to LTL in case of river

ØLandward (monsoonal) berm crest in the case of sandy beaches

Berm

Identification

Ø Rocks, Headlands, Cliffs

Rocks

Cliff

Ø Rocks, Headlands, Cliffs

Seawalls/revetments/embankments

Sea wall

Sea wall

Seawalls/revetments/embankments

Sea wall

Seawalls/revetments/embankments

CRZ CLASSIFICATIONS

(i) CRZ - I : ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

(iii) CRZ - II : BUILT UP AREAS

(v) CRZ - III : RURAL AREAS

(iv) CRZ – IV : WATER AREAS

Differential Global Positioning System

DGPS accuracies

EQUIPMENT USED FOR CRZ SURVEY

• Total StationLasertrak

SpecificationRange Accuracy : ±20cmVertical Angle Accuracy : 0.25º Horizontal Angle Accuracy : 0.01º

EQUIPMENT USED FOR CRZ SURVEY

• Total StationQuarryman Pro

SpecificationRange Accuracy : ± 5 cm Angular Accuracy : 0.01º

Vertical Control

Chart datum is the lowest level which can be predicted to occur under average meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical conditions

Chart datum

EQUIPMENT USED FOR CRZ SURVEY

• Echo SounderBathy 500 MF

SpecificationDepth Accuracy : 0.02% of depth

or 1cm whichever is greater

DEMARCATION OF LOW WATER LINE

Tide pole

Kaladra

Vengani

Koliyad

Shore line Erosion (Courtesy : anonymous)

Salt Pan

Salt Pan

Cliff ~ 7 m Sea wall collapseRoad breaching

(Salinity Contour, with station locations)

Mangroves

Mangroves

Mangroves

Thank You