Current Situation Of Post and CCS - IEAGHG€¦ · (Well drilling, Seismic method) CategoryA...

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL

Current SituationOf

Japan’s Post Combustion Capture and CCS

Terufumi Kawasaki, Michiaki Harada

Japan Coal Energy Center

September 8 & 9, 2015

PCCC3 in Regina1


Contents

JCOAL’s role

1. Japan’s Energy Post Fukushima

2. Government Policies

3. Situation of CO2 Capture Technology Development

4. Some Topics on the latest development

5. Summary

PCCC3 in Regina2

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOALJCOAL’s Role

International AgenciesIEA, WCA, GCCSI, etc.

Coal Producing CountriesCoal Using Countries

coal mining, oil & gas, utilities, steel industry, heavy industry, electric‐machinery, engineering, trading, etc

Industries : 117 Member Companies

The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Japan Coal Energy Center ( JCOAL), originally established as a coal research center in 1948, has supported Japan’s important policies and business activities related to Coal and Energy.

Government of Japan

● Information Collection & Sharing and Advisory Activities● Coal Resources Development● Clean Coal Technology Development● Technology Transfer to Overseas● Public Relations and Human Resources Development

JCOAL as “One‐stop organization for coal‐related business”

3

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL 4

1. Japan’s Energy Post Fukushima

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL1.1 Japan’s Energy Post Fukushima

One nuclear power unit, out of 44, was restarted in August, 2015

Several new coal‐fired plants are planned (8.75GW)

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A number of solar projects can been seen around the country.

Modification from oil‐fired to coal‐fired (1.0 GW)

A new IGCC plant(1.0 GW)

A new coal‐fired plant(2.0 GW)






quoted from materials of METI’s consultation meeting, held on July 27 in 2015, on framework mitigating global warming .

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL1.2 Drastic Change in Power Supply

Total power supply decreased by 9 %. All Nuclear Power plants were not operated in 2014.

44 units, 39.9 GW in totalThermal power generation has been making up the lack of power generation.

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0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total Power Generation [TWh]

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Ratio of Power Source [%]

Post Fukushima

quoted from materials of the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan, issued in May 2015

Geothermalrenewable

Hydro

OilCoalLNGNuclear

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2030

Ratio of Power Source [%]

Geo/Renew

Hydro

Nuclear

LNG

Coal

Oil

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL1.3 Expected Target of Power Supply in 2030

The government has shown the target of power supply ratio in 2030. ●renewable : 22 to 24 % , double of that before Fukushima● Nuclear : 20 to 22 % , about two thirds● LNG : 27 % , almost the same level● Coal : 26 % , ditto● Oil : 3 % , ditto

Uncertainty(1) Public acceptance of

nuclear power plants(2) Appropriate operation of

FIT for renewable energy(3) Structural changes

‐ Separation of power productionfrom distribution

‐ Electricity liberalization

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quoted from materials of METI’s committee on energy, held in July in 2015.

Geothermalrenewable

Hydro

OilCoalLNGNuclear

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL1.4 Target of CO2 Reduction in 2030

Power Sector expressed

Reduction of 35 %from 2013 level(Aug. 2015)

Level year 1990 2005 2013

JAPAN 26%

EU‐28 40% (24%)

USA 26 to 28% (18% to 21%)

Russia 25 to 30% (4% to 12%)

(1) Targets of GHG emission reduction by 2030 (proposed to UN in 2015)

(2) CO2 emission in the power industry in Japan

Total Emission Reduction of 26% from 2013 level, reported in June, 2015

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0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2030

CO2 Emission [Million ton / year]

Others

LNG

Coal

Oil

quoted from materials of the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan, issued in July 2015

quoted from materials of a MOE’s committee on environment, issued in April 2015

OilCoalLNGothers


2. Government Policies

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL2.1 Government’s Policies

Basic policies on Coal‐related Energy :

● Develop coal‐fired thermal power plants with much‐higher‐efficiency● Accelerate cost reduction of CO2 capture technology and CCUS ● Develop new technology to utilize low rank coal● Contribute to global emission reduction of CO2

by supplying high efficiency coal‐fired power generation technology

Basic policies on CCS:

● Conduct a demonstration test of CCS in Tomakomai● Continue intensive geological surveys of storage areas on sea bed ● Initiate distinctive CCS plans which are suitable for countries like Japan

ex. Shuttle ship Initiative

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quoted from materials of METI’s consultation meeting, held on June 16 & 22 in 2015, on thermal power technology development.

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL2.2 Road Map toward Higher Efficiency

Higher efficiency means less emission of CO2.Practical and steady improvement of efficiency is strongly supported by the government.

IGCC

Advanced USC

IGCCIn 1700℃ level

IGFCIncl. Fuel Cell Efficiency (HHV) ： 55 %

CO2 Emission : 590 g/kWhDevelopment year : 2025

Efficiency (HHV) ： 46 %CO2 Emission : 710 g/kWhDevelopment year : 2016

Advanced IGFC

Efficiency (HHV) ： 46～50 %CO2 Emission : 650 g/kWhDevelopment year : 2020

Efficiency (HHV) ： 40 %CO2 Emission : 820 g/kWh

USCOsaki Cool Gen Project

started in 2013

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2015 2020 2030

Capture Cost : 30 US$/t‐CO2

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL2.3 Road Map toward CCS Cost Down

The government strongly supports cost down of capture technology to accelerate its commercialization.Oxy‐fuel combustion

Physical absorption for IGCCSolid absorber for A‐USC

separation membrane for IGCC

203020202015

Capture Cost : 10 US$/t‐CO2Development year : 2025

Amine‐base solvent

Capture Cost : 40 US$/t‐CO2

Capture Cost : 20 US$/t‐CO2Development year : 2020

Chemical Loop Combustion

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CO2‐circulated type of IGCC


Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL2.4 CCS Demonstration Site in Japan

Tomakomai cityTokyo

CO2 Source CO2 Capture Transportation Storage Site

Refinery plant Chemical absorption(PSA)

none Saline layers under Sea Bed(Structured/non‐structured)

Storage site

Injection well Capacity Monitoring Schedule

Two1,200 m deep3,000 m deep

100,000ton/year

Elastic wave methodThree observance wells

2016 : injection & monitoring2018 : end of injection2020 : end of monitoring

3 km

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Observation well OB‐3

CO2 Capture Site

3D elastic wave inspection area

Seismometer

Injection Well



Gas supply site

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL2.5 CCS Demonstration Site in Japan 14


2.6 Storage Survey on offshore areas by RITE Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL

3. Storage Survey (possible storage areas) around Japan By RITE

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( quoted from materials of METI’s consultation meeting, held on June 16 & 22 in 2015 )

No.Geology Data

(Well drilling, Seismic method)Category A

(anticline structure)Category B

(Layer position trap)

1Existingoil & gas field

Plenty of both data A1 3.5

B1 27.5(aqueous gas field)

2 Basic test drilling area

Some of both data A2 5.2

3Basic physical survey area

Data only by seismic wave A3 21.4 B2 88.5

(16 sea bed areas)

4 Possible storage capacity (A1+A2+A3+B1+B2) 146.1 Billion ton

(1) Survey in 2012 : shallower than 200meters

(2) Survey in 2016‐2020Further survey continues for offshore areas deeper than 200meters

In the depth from 800 m to 4,000 m,except basin, inland sea, Osaka Bay and Ise Bay


3. Situation of CO2 Capture Technology Development

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL3.1 Situation of Chemical absorption

No.

Tech. Status Product Organization Project/Capacity

Perf. Cost targetPrivate gov.

1

Amine solvent

Demo. KS‐1 MHIKEPCO

NRG Energy (US)1 M ton/annum

2.3 GJ/ton

US$40

H3‐1 MHPS TEPCO

SaskPower(Canada)0.1 M ton/annum

TS‐1 Toshiba Mikawa in Japan0.01 M ton/annum

RITE‐6 RITE

2Solid absorber

Dev. Porous media carrying amine

RITE Lab test 1.5 GJ/ton

US$30

KHI Lab test

MHI : Mitsubishi Heavy Industry, MHPS: Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, KHI : Kawasaki Heavy Industries, TEPCO : Tokyo Electric Power Company, KEPCO : Kansai Electric Power Company, RITE : Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth,

(a) Japan’s utilities and companies have developed the technologies since 1990.(b) The government supports and puts emphasis on reducing their costs.

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Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL3.2 Demonstration Projects of Chemical absorption

1 Place Houston, Texas, USA

2 Company NRG WA Palish power station

3 Exhaust gas Coal‐fired

4 Solvent KS‐1

4 CO2 capture 4776 ton/day

5 CO2 capture rate 90 %

6 Commissioning end of 2016

MHI’s Technology

MHPS’s Technology

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1 Place Saskatchewan, Canada

2 Company SaskPower Shand power station


4 Solvent H3‐1


5 CO2 capture rate 90 %

6 Commissioning end of 2015

Cooling tower CO2 Compressor

Regenerator

absorber

Gas cooler

Exhaust duct

boiler

Test facility

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL3.3 development of Solid Absorber

RITE’s idea : Porous media carrying amine solvent could minimize heat loss due to its smaller heat capacity, keeping absorption performance of CO2.

Basic Development (2010 to 2015)

Joint project of RITE and companiesBench‐scale test with a capacity of 5 ton‐CO2/daySlip Stream test with about 50 ton‐CO2/day

Commercialization Development (2015 to 2020)

A new type of amine has been developed.Lab. Tests showedHigh regeneration rate : 95 % Low regeneration temp. : 60 to 70 ℃

Simulation studies indicatedmuch less separation energy : 1.5 GJ/ ton‐CO2low capture cost : 20 to 30 US$ / ton‐CO2

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Lab. Test rig

Bench scale Test rig (5 ton/day)


Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL3.4 Situation of Oxy‐fuel Combustion

No.Tech. Status Organization Project/

CapacityCost targetPrivate gov.

1Oxy‐fuelCombustion

Demo. IHI,JPOWER,Mitsui & Co

JCOAL Callide (Australia)0.15 M ton/annum

US$ 30

IHI : IHI Corporation, JPOWER : Japan Electric Power Company,

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(a) Japan’s utilities and companies have developed the technology since 1990s.(b) Japan and Australia have cooperated for a demonstration project since 2004.(c) The project has completed this year.

Joint Venture(AU$ 24.5 Million)

IHI

JPOWER

CS Energy

GLENCORE

SchlumbergerMITSUI&CO.

‐ JapaneseGovernment

‐ AustralianGovernment

‐ QueenslandGovernment

‐ JCOAL

Financial support

Technical support

quoted from materials of JCOAL’s Work Shop on CCT in 2015

3.5 Oxy‐Fuel Combustion Tests in Callide

Coal‐fired Power Plant in Callide

Storage Site in Australia

CO2 Capture

CO2 Storage

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1 Place Queensland, Australia

2 Company & Site CS Energy Callide A power station

3 Power 30 MWe


4 Air Separation 330 ton/day x 2 for oxygen


6 CO2 purification 99.9 %

7 Operation 2012 to 2015

1 Place Victoria, Australia

2 Organization CO2CRCOtway Project Site

3 layer saline

4 depth 1,400 meters

5 Operation 2014 to 2015

6 Monitoring 2014 to 2016quoted from materials of METI’s consultation meeting, held on June 16 & 22 in 2015, on thermal power technology development.

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL3.6 Situation of IGCC and CO2 Capture

No. Project Operation Cap. Remarks

1Joban PowerNakoso station 10

2000 demo. 2013 Commercialized

250 MWe ‐ Efficiency of 42.9 % (LHV)‐ The world longest continuous operation of 3917 hours

2 Joban PowerNakoso station xx

2020 540MWe ‐ Planned as Fukushima bailout projects

3Tokyo Electric Co.Hirono station xx

2020 540MWe ‐ Planned as Fukushima bailoutprojects

IGCC (Air‐blown)

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Nakoso Power Station No. 10

AIR

N2O2

coal gasifierfilter

char

AIR

compressorair separator

syn gas

<Flows of an air‐blown gasifier>HironoPower station

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL3.6 Situation of IGCC and CO2 Capture

No.Project Operation Capacity

PressureCO2

CaptureRemarks

1

EAGLE(gasification test

plant)

2008 to 2014 1,000 Nm3/h (150 t‐coal/day) 2.5MPa

24 t/day ‐ The world’s first CO2 capture fromsyn gas of IGCC in 2008

‐ Results show:Chem. Absorption: 1.4 GJ/ CO2‐tonPhysical Absorption: 0.4 GJ/ CO2‐ton

2 Osaki Cool Gen.(IGCC + CCS)

Under construction2016 : IGCC2020 : CCS2023 : Fuel Cell

170 M We2.5 MPa

400 t/day(planed)

‐ CO2 capture for 15% of exhaust gaswith Physical absorption (planned)

IGCC (Oxygen‐blown) + CCS

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GasificationPurification

Power Generation

Air separation

Gasification

Physical absorption unit

Chemical absorption unit

EAGLE Plant Osaki Cool Gen

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL3.7 development of Separation membrane

RITE’s idea : A gate type of membrane could maximize separation of CO2.

Basic Development (2010 to 2015)

Further Development (2016 to 2020)

‐ A new type of amine, a polyamide amine dendrimer,has been developed, which showedCO2 permeation rate : 10 ‐9 to 10 ‐10 [m3(STP) m‐2 S‐1 Pa‐1]Selective permeability : 30 to 700 [for CO2 / H2]

‐ Simulation studies indicatedmuch less separation energy : 0.5 [ GJ/ton‐CO2]lower cost : 15 [ US$/ton‐CO2]

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Research Organization and Governmental Support

‐ Established a research cooperative, consisting of several companies and RITE‐ Financial support by the government

A CO2 separation module(4‐inch‐long proto‐type)

Demonstration tests will be planned, designed and performed.


4. Some Topics of the latest development

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL4.1 Topics 1 : Shuttle Ship initiative

(a) This concept originated as a two‐year Global CCS Institute project in 2011.

(b) The Japanese government has been actively supporting the plan since FY2014.It could help accelerate the CCS implementationin Japan.

Background

Concept of Shuttle ships

(a) Relatively small shuttle ships (3000 tons) go back and forth between power stations along the coast and offshore storage sites.

(b) Installing injection facility on shuttle ships, offshore facilities would not be necessary.

length width Weight CO2 tank CO2 Pump equipment

119.5 m 19.0 m 3000 tons 750 m3 x 4 180 kW Dynamic Positioning System, Pickup coupling device, Loading arms

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quoted from a report on CCS issued by the Ministry of Environment in 2014

Spec. of Shuttle ships

Power stations

Storage sites

The Latest design of ship

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL4.2 Topics 1 : Shuttle Ship initiative

≪CO2 Carrier≫

Satellite

Communication buoy

Pick up buoy

Pick up float

(Sheer mount)Coupler winch

Riser end fittingBend stiffener

Sinker

Flexible riser + Umbilical cable

Pipe protector AnchorBend restrictor

Christmas tree

Signal & Battery charging wire

Mooring wire

Tele communication

Battery

Messenger linePick uprope

Pick up wire

Transponder

(a) This system highly extendable, allowing flexible applications for multiple capture and storage sites at low cost.

(b) Setting up a number of offshore storage site expands the potential of CO2 storage, making CCS a viable option in other countries as well.

Conceptual design of CO2 injection by shuttle ships

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quoted from a report on CCS issued by the Ministry of Environment in 2014

＜Objectives＞

＜Period＞ October, 2014 ～ June, 2015＜Contractors＞ IHI Corporation / J-POWER / JCOAL / MITSUI & CO., LTD.

They are financially supported by a governmental R&D organization, NEDO.

A new feasibility study on CCUS has been made for an existing coal-fired power plant in Alberta,

where an oxy-fuel combustion system, which includes air separationfacilities, could have an economical advantage by supplying nitrogento oil & gas sites, as well as carbon dioxide to EOR sites.

A further study is expected to start to make a conceptual design this year.

Chemical Plants(inert gas)

Oil & Gas Sites(N2 fracturing)

CO2CO2Oxy-fuel Combustion

Power Plants

CO2-EOR Site

N2N2

(Air Separation Units)

quoted from materials of NEDO’s Reports in 2014

28Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL4.3 Topics 2 : Advanced Oxy‐fuel Combustion Project

Japan Coal Energy CenterJCOAL5. Summary

Japan’s situation post Fukushima : Serious and critical in power generation and CO2 emission reduction

The target of GHG emission reduction in 2030 : 26 % decrease from the 2013 level, showing a strong intention to contribute to mitigating global warming.

Japan’s large‐scale CCS demonstration Test : ‐‐‐ Tomakomai Projectwill start CO2 injection into saline layers under the seabed in 2016.

Clean Coal Technology and CCS‐related technology :(1) development of power plants with much higher efficiency

ex. A‐USC, IGCC and IGFC(2) emphasis on cost reduction of CO2 capture technology

ex. solid absorber for chemical absorption,separation membrane for IGCC

New approaches to CO2 emission reduction : implementation of feasible studies on possible ideas

ex. Shuttle Ship Initiative, advanced oxy‐fuel combustion system●renewable : 22 to 24 % , double of that of before Fukushima

N l 20 22 % b hi d

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Current Situation Of Post and CCS - IEAGHG€¦ · (Well drilling, Seismic method) CategoryA...

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