Current Situation of Fruits Production,

Research and Future Prospects

Yezin, Myanmar

GREEN FRUITS DEDICATED WORKSHOP

Win Naing (Ph.D)

Department of Agricultural Research (DAR)

Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

23 March, 2018

Out line

• Overview of Fruit Production

• Food security and safety trend in Myanmar

• Research on fruits

• On going research

• Future prospect

Overview of Fruit Production

Fruit crops can be grouped into two:

Fruit produced all year round (e.g Banana,

Guava, Coconut, etc.)

Seasonal fruit (e.g Mango, Cashew nut, Durain,

Dragon fruit etc.)

Fruit production mainly targeted for domestic

consumption

Mango, Plum, Watermelon and Muskmelon are

exported to China by means of border trade

Major Fruit Crops in Myanmar

Seasonal

Fruits

Year round

Fruits

Banana Citrus

Guava Papaya

Mango Durian

Plums Avocado

Mangosteen Orange Coconut Grapes

Sr. Name Area(ac) Sr. Name Area(ac)

1 Mango *246582 11 Grapes 3414

2 Citrus 51725 12 Apple 14347

3 Orange 37518 13 Pear 2403

4 Pummelo 16987 14 Damson 3752

5 Durian 23516 15 Chest Nut 10928

6 Pineapple *60744 16 Hazel Nut 539

7 Custard apple 11086 17 Tamarine 46065

8 Lychee 8109 18 Strawberry 423

9 Cashew Nut *214147 19 Other 689830

10 Plum 54036 Total 1,488,451

Growing Area of Fruit Trees 2015-2016

(Source; Horticulture & Plant Biotechnology Division, MOALI, 2016)

Years Sown

(ha)

Harvested

(ha)

Yield

(MT/ha)

Production

(MT)

2007-2008 77270 70120 6.38 447768

2008-2009 78009 69087 6.30 435105

2009-2010 79228 71534 6.74 482235

2010-2011 79909 70086 7.19 503676

2011-2012 82958 74189 6.64 492348

2012-2013 93890 76313 6.88 524654

INC

RE

AS

ED

(Source: Myanmar Agriculture at a Glance, 2013)

Mango trees - both seedling and grafting - grown extensively

Contd.

45.131

39.749

28.281 29.444

30.811

23.138

13.5

9.623 10.063 10.561

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

MT (Thausand)

USD (M)

Status of Myanmar Mango export

Mango developing in China

Late maturing area along

Jin Sha Jiang valley keitt,

kensinten, Sensation

Meddle maturing area along

You Jiang valley Tai Nong

No.1, Jin Hang, Gui Fei

Early maturing area Tai

Nong No.1, Jin Hang

Early maturing area Gui Fei,

Tai Nong No.1, Jin Hang,

Yunnan mid-late maturing

area sensation, Nam Doc

Mai #4, Mya HhinTha

Guangxi Yunnan

Sichuan

Guangdong

Hainan

Fujian Guizhou

Distribution

International market/ 2013

Other regions Philipines

Thailand

Taiwan

Vietnam

2877 Tons

Russia

Macao

Other regions

Myanmar

24268 Tons

Production at international market is mainly fresh mangoes.

Import export

Mango developing in China

11

Water melon export condition

12

Mango export condition

13

Musk melon export condition

Myanmar Mango Export

Fresh Fruit Mango Leather

Dry Mango Frozen Mango

Food security and safety trend in Myanmar

Vegetables & Fruits: The key source of micronutrients

Vegetables & Fruits

3-5 servings a day

1 serving = 80 g

240 – 400 g a day

How much vegetables and fruits should we eat?

Source: WorldVegs (AVRDC 2015)

Mango Research Conducted at DAR

Shelf-life of STL mango as affected by hot water

treatment and modified atmosphere packaging

Hot water and different packing materials on shelf-life of

STL mango under cold storage and ambient condition

Growth and yield of STL mango as affected by different

fertilizer rate

Early fruit production with some chemicals

Late flower and fruit production with different

application times and dosage of GA3

Mango germplasm conservation at DAR

Study on fruit drop of Mango by spraying with some

chemicals

Mango Research Conducted at DAR (Cont.)

Effects of different pruning methods on yields and

quality of STL mango

Growth , yield and quality of mango as affected by

different application time of chemicals cv.STL

Fruit setting and yield of STL mango by different

foliar spraying

Effect s of root pruning and different fertilizer rates

on flowering and fruit yield

Mango Research Conducted at DAR (Cont.)

Effects of different pruning methods on yields and

quality of STL mango

Quality and colour changing of some mangoes as

affected by different bagging material

Mango Research Conducted at DAR (Cont.)

Mango germplasm conservation and Characterizationat DAR

About 77 varieties of Mango are maintained in situ conservation farm

Fruit characters of these varieties were documented

Will collect the some more varieties

Seintalone Maungtone

Mamagyi Mautgaung Hladin

Panswe

MDY Nattnet

Oatkanma

chitsu

Netpyar

Uzinmoe Laeseinsar

Ngetpyawsahe

Waso

Phoechin

Tankunchar Machitsu

Panswe 1

Lanemaw

F4-5

Shwehintha

Traits Mean Minimum Maximum Range Std CV%

Fruit length 11.25 5.1 22.8 17.7 3.07 27.33

Fruit breadth 6.80 4.8 10.9 6.1 1.27 18.71

Fruit thickness 6.17 4.3 9.9 5.6 1.17 19.00

Fruit weight 281.04 90 900 810 166.50 59.24

Stone length 8.84 1.1 20.9 19.8 3.38 38.25

Stone breadth 3.44 1.9 4.6 2.7 0.95 27.68

Stone thickness 1.89 1 2.6 1.6 0.31 16.33

Stone weight 46.13 19 100 81 18.11 39.25

Brix % 16.46 10 25 15 3.04 18.48

Descriptive statistics of the traits measured in analysis of

77 mango fruits germplasm

Figure 1. Cluster tree of 77 mango fruits germplasm

VI

III

VII

IV

II

V

I

Seven

Groups/Clusters

Clustered observations / Clusters size :

Group

I

Group

II

Group

III

Group

IV

Group

V

Group

VI

Group

VII

5 26 27 7 3 8 1

Singaung DARadmin Oatshit Gyoyote Sinpaung Lanemaw Satenoet

Umaydiya Mamagyi Pannatnet EB - 6 Wetthakaut Panswe1

Taiwan Washo F3 ND-3 No 22 SB - 8 ND-12

Myakyaut Oatkanmachitsu SE-6 F3 NE-1 Shwehintha

TLTD F 4-3 Salinnatnet Shwewar F4-5

F4-6 Israel Field 4-1 Nandockmai

Panswe2 F 3 ED 3 EB - 2 F3 ND-6

Maungtone Myautgaung1 Chokannam

Mautgaung DARadmin1

Uzinmoe Natnet

Panswe Tasumyeit

Phochin Htateni

Ngetpyawshae Manawnwe1

Machitsu NE-4

SainSar Panswe4

Laeseinsar Manawnwe

Seintalone Panswe3

Masawyin Netpyarlone

Tankunchar SC-5

MDYNatet Lawe 2

F3 EF-3 F 3 M 4

Seinsar F4-7

Bo F3 - SB-9

Hladin SG 7

EE - 2 EA 1

Netpyar F4-2

Pwintphyu

Table 3. Distribution of different mango fruits germplasm

Current Research Activities and

Knowledge Sharing

1. Different inter -stocks on yield and quality on STL

mango in Ultra High Density

2. Fertigation and deficite irrigation during fruit

development in STL mango

3. Off-season production of different mangoes

Early flowering and fruiting technique of Sein

Ta Lone mango

(Conducting not only at Research center but also

at Private mango orchards which are located in

Bago and Mandalay Divisions)

Uniform flush after Tip Pruning

PBZ 1.5 g a.i/m of canopy was done on August 5, 2017 after second flush

34

NamDocMai Flower Inition on Nov,10

Shoot age -3.5 Month

Early flowering response of different mango

Germplasm Flower iniation onDec 20

Shoot age - 4.5 Month

SeinTaLone Flower inition on Jan 15

Shoot age - 5.5 Month

SeinTaLone Flower inition on Jan 25

Shoot age – more thab 5.5 Month

Rejuvenation Pruning of Old Mango Orchard

• Difficult to Pruning

• In efficient in spraying

• Dangerous for operator

• Difficult to bagging, harvesting

• Nutrient Management

Re-Juvenile Pruning and Normal Pruning

Tommy Atkins

Keitt

Sensation

R2E2

Alphonso

Sein Ta Lone X

X

X

X

X

Taiwan X

X Nam Dock Mai

Hybridization Plan

Shwe Hin Tha

Aung Din

Emasculation and hybridization procedure supported by

Yunan Academy of Agricultural Science, China

• Collaborative research with YAU, DAR and cienceVision Sdn Bhd

• Mango DNA sequensing

(STL, Yin Kwe and Ma Chit Su)

• STL – hard to induce flowering

• Yin Kwe- regular bearing

• Ma Chit Su- Off-season

• cienceVision Sdn Bhd H/P (6019) 3341 620 T: (603) 3341 7282 F: (603) 3341 6687

Fruit growth pattern in mango

Slow fruit growth

Rapid fruit growth

Fruit set, cell division

Spreer et al., 2009

Fertigation and deficite irrigation during fruit development in STL mango

Fertigation and deficite irrigation during fruit

development in STL mango

Fertigation and deficit irrigation during fruit

development in STL mango

Mango Training Workshop Jointly Organized by DAR and

Myanmar Mango Market & Technology Development Association

Fruits

• Production and market research

• Germplasm collection and evaluation

• Propagation techniques and clonal propagation

• Training and pruning

•Nursery Management

• Post-harvest management

•Food Safety, GAP, GMP

Future prospect

Trade to be increase •Market competancy

•Production season of other countries

•MyanGAP, EUGAP, GlobalGAP, AseanGAP

•Safety an quality assuarance

Safety and quality

Export

Domistic

Value Added

Fruits Production

Trees grown at 20°C days/15°C nights (20/15°C) required 20 weeks

(Ramirez and Davenport, 2010)

To complete a growth/dormancy cycle while at 30/25°C the same cycle was completed in 6 weeks (mean of ten cultivars)

(Ramirez and Davenport, 2010)

အညနသစဖြစပေါမ အပေါ အေချန၏ လမးမးမ

သပေသနများပောငရကရန

အရညအပသးဖေည၀သည ဟငးသးဟငးရက သစသး၀လများ ထေလေရန

ေနြးဖမငထေကနများ ေးေကထေလေပရး၊ နညးေညာများေးေကပရး

ခငမာသညပေးကကများ အဖမနဖြစပေါလာပရး

Certification (GAP/ Organic)

Information Technology က ထထပရာကပရာကအသးဖေနငပရး

စကေျးထေလေသများအကကား ေးပေါငးပောငရကပရး

ပချးပင၊ သငေနးများနငနညးေညာများ ေေးဖခငး

ပောငရကရမညလေငနးများ

61

Ten Countries that Export the Most

Fruit in the World(2016) Sr. Country Name MT

1 Spain 7.228

2 Ecuador 6.139

3 Costa Rica 4.490

4 USA 4.262

5 Mexico 3.284

6 Philippines 3.000

7 Italy 2.880

8 South Africa 2.879

9. Guate mala 2.866

10 Netherlands 2.786

62

Ten Countries that Export the Most Fruit

in the World(2016)

63

Sr. Country Name MT

1 Spain 7.228

2 Ecuador 6.139

3 Costa Rica 4.490

4 USA 4.262

5 Mexico 3.284

6 Philippines 3.000

7 Italy 2.880

8 South Africa 2.879

9. Guate mala 2.866

10 Netherlands 2.786