Current GIS Development at JPBD :

Toward Future Information and Knowledge Sharing

Abbas b. Abdul Wahab

Director

with assistance from Kho Ngee Liang & Suraya Hj Dahlan

Information Technology Division

Federal Department of Town and Country Planning

2004

Current GIS Development at JPBD :

Toward Future Information and Knowledge Sharing

PART 1

Historical Development of GIS at JPBD Evolution

From Data Sharing to Information/Knowledge Sharing

PART 2

Current Development of GIS at JPBD JPBD Dataware, TownplanGD, Internet Mapping System for Local Plan

Online Metadata Catalog

PART 3

Usage of GIS in Town Planning Plan preparation

Development Control

PART 1

Historical Development of GIS at JPBD

60s

Raster Desktop GIS

80s

Vector Desktop GIS

We begun at 1993 Putrajaya Planning (Mapinfo 1.0)

LP Parit Buntar & Bagan Serai

LA Development Control (SMaRT)

– Majlis Daerah Kerian, Perak

1996

University

Commonwealth

planning

Acquired

Arc/Info

1997

Information System

Planning

GIS Modules

introduced

2nd half of 1990s

Mapping limited to supporting staffs

Limited interest/knowledge by

professional staffs/management

Seminar/workshop/road show to

project staffs

Piecemeal acquisition and

Familiarization of MapInfo

1999

GIS Implementation

Guideline

GIS Database

Structure

2001

GIS as component in

Local Plan

Preparation Manual

2000

GIS in RFN

preparation

1st half of 2000s

GSARD program

JPBD Dataware

TownplanGD

GIS Database by Project Offices

Executive Information System for

Development plans

2003

Internet

Mapping for

Local Plans

2004

Catalog

Metadata

Source: Mohd Ali Abu Bakar, 2004

EVOLUTION OF GIS AT JPBD

DATA VS. INFORMATION VS. KNOWLEDGE SHARING

Data Sharing

……an online data warehouse is for archiving, accessing and downloading

both GIS databases and / or remotely sensed imagery…… data clearinghouse

can help users to search and index the contents of metadata and then access

the actual data through the description of metadata. Clearinghouses may access

dataset or inventory detail. Source: Ming-Hsiang Tsou 2004

At JPBD – JPBD Dataware

Information Sharing

……Multiple interactive map servers and mobile navigation services are the

typical application. Web-based mapping functions include the display, zoom-

in/ out query of spatial information. The major requirement of information

sharing services is to provide effective web-based display mechanisms and

client / server communication protocols. (Tsou, 2004).

At JPBD – Internet Mapping for Local Plans

DATA vs. INFORMATON vs KNOWLEDGE SHARING

A GIS is much more than a database…….

GIS system are inherently distributed. Users rely on one another for

information sharing and use. Distributed GIS is much more than

distributing GIS databases and dataset copies. It will also be about

distributed collaboration on all GIS tasks. In addition to GIS publishing

and data sharing, users will leverage the Internet to compile, apply,

and manage geographic knowledge.

-ESRI 2004

“GIS is evolving from a database approach to a

knowledge approach.”

-ESRI President Jack Dangermond, July 2003.

DATA vs. INFORMATON vs KNOWLEDGE SHARING

Knowledge Sharing

……the goal is to provide on-line GIS modeling and spatial analysis

functions without running GIS engines or software packages locally.

Some Internet GIS applications utilize Java language or other distributed

component technologies, (like. NET or web services) to develop on-line

GIS functions.

Source: Ming-Hsiang Tsou 2004

1st Generation Spatial Data

Infrastructure

Conventional GIS

Desktop GIS

Data/Info sharing

2nd Generation

Spatial Data

Infrastructure

Internet GIS

Server GIS

Knowledge Sharing

FROM TO

Latest JPBD GIS Development

DATA vs. INFORMATON vs KNOWLEDGE SHARING

Adapted from ArcGIS 9 User Manual, 2004

CURRENT STAGE OF GIS DEVELOPMENT AT JPBD

Data Sharing

and FTP

download

Map

publishing

GIS Web

publishing

GIS portals for

Web delivery

Distributed,

enterprise GIS

Federated GIS

We are here finalizing our

online Metadata Catalog and

expanding the scope of our

internet mapping system

Simple

Advanced

Desktop GIS

Data Servers

Network

Map Extreme

ArcView G

IS E

xte

nsio

ns

Geospatial

Database

Web Browser

MapInfo

ILWIS

ELEMENTS OF GIS DEVELOPMENT AT JPBD

JPBD Dataware Over 1000 Layers of Data

for all plans developed by JPBD

TownplanGD

Selected data to ease the plan

preparation

Internet Mapping

System Sharing landuse data on

128 Local Plans

(to be extended to cover all

the other plans in JPBD)

Pej.Projek

Alor Star

Bhg.

Keurusetiaan, Penyelerasan

& Perancangan Korporat

Pej.Projek

Kuala Lumpur

Unit Ran.

Pembangunan

Kelantan

Pej.Projek

Kuala Terengganu

Pej.Projek

Melaka

Unit Ran.

Pembangunan

Pahang

Unit Ran.Tempatan

Johor

Bhg.

Khidmat Perancang

Bhg.

Pembangunan

& Penyelidikan

Bhg.

Tek. Maklumat

Bhg.

Perundangan

Perancangan &

KawalSelia

Bhg.

Ran. Fizikal Negara

Bhg.

Ran. Wilayah

JPBD

Kelantan

JPBD

Terengganu

JPBD

Perak

JPBD

Pahang

JPBD

Johor

JPBD

Melaka

JPBD

N.Sembilan

JPBD

Selangor

JPBD

P. Pinang

JPBD

Kedah

JPBD

Perlis

JPBD’S GIS NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

LAN access to JPBD Dataware

Developing GIS Database at Project

Office

Developing GIS Database for

Development Control

Developing GIS Database for specific

projects

PART 2

Current Development of GIS at JPBD

Operational

Data

Historical

Data

External

Data

Data Sources In progress into constant

interval acquisition to cater

the need of plan preparation

and development control

Transformation/

Integration

Meta Data Sharing (Web Base)

Data Sharing [LAN – HQ

(fulldata download)]

Knowledge Workers!!!

DATA WAREHOUSING MODEL AT JPBD

Information Sharing (IMS for Local Plan)

TownplanGD

RFN RSN RTD RKK

JUPEM/UPEN

Base Map

Satellite

Images

Other

external data

JPBD Dataware

We are in the process of integrating the GIS database to facilitate and

expedite the preparation for RFN (national level), RSN (state level) and

RTD (district level)

Other Plans

Source from external parties * All categorized into operational

and historical data

OPERATIONAL DATA

Data Geospatial Custodian Copy with BTM

National Physical Plan NPP Div. Not Yet

State Structure Plan State Offices Not Yet

District Local Plan State Offices Not Yet

Local Growth Centre Project Office Yes

Special Area Plan Project Offices Not Yet

Regional Plan Regional Plan Div. Not Yet

Villages Redevelopment Project Office Yes

TownplanGD IT Div. Yes

OPERATIONAL DATA – Index of Development Plans (State Structure Plans & District Local Plans)

Development Status Of District Local Plans Development Status Of State Structure Plans

JPBD DATA MODEL

TownplanGD

Geospatial

Category

Data Available

Environment Lithology, Soil Classes, Contour,

River Network, Wild Life Distribution,

Forest Distribution, Mineral

Distribution, Wetland Distribution,

Spotheight, Major Lakes

Economy Specific industrial area, Institute of

Higher Education, Distribution,

Tourism Spot and Zone, Industrial

Zone Distribution,

Land

Information

Land lots by Local Plans under RM7

Transportation Railway, Road Network, Expressway

Network, Air Port, Sea Port,

TowplanGD is part

of JPBD Dataware

to store all essential

data, by

aggregating

geopspatial from

different

district/state, cover

whole Peninsular

Malaysia to assist

the relevant plan

preparation

process.

TownplanGD - continue

Geospatial Category Data Layer

Administration JPBD’s Branches, IADP Project Area, Census

Boundary 1991, District Boundary, Boundary of

Regional Development Board, Territorial

Boundary, State Boundary, Local Authority

Boundary

Demography Demography Statistic

Physical Planning Town, Landuse, Distribution of RT under RM7,

Zoning under Structure Plan under RM7

Base Map Index of Standard Sheet, Index of Digital Topo

Map, Index of Satellite Image, Index of JUPEM’s

Map, Cassini Datum’s Spot,

Utility Electricity Supply Network, Gas Supply Network,

Fibreoptic Infrastructure, Power Station, Waste

Disposal Side

TownplanGD - continue

* Without Scale

HISTORICAL DATA

All development

plan before RM8

only covered Local

Authority area.

Example:

DRT Simpang Renggam

Landuse Year 2000

Data on existing

and committed

landuse based on

Local Plan studies

before RM8 is

accessible by

public through IMS.

EXTERNAL DATA

JUPEM

MACRES

TOPO MAP

SATELLITE IMAGE

MACRES

OTHERS

Other external data (GIS) sources are Department of Forestry, Education, Public Works and

Department of Irrigation and Drainage. ( all in TownplanGD Database)

Type of Remote Sensing

Satellite Data

Scene

1 IKONOS 8

2 LANDSAT 16

3 QUICKBIRD 7

4 SPOT 59

Total 90

IMS FOR LOCAL PLAN

JPBD Internet Mapping System (IMS)

Based on information sharing, JPBD IMS

provide web based landuse mapping on

Local Plan. JPBD IMS start operating since

Oktober 2003. It’s functions include layer

control, metadata, search, zoom-in/out, pan,

scale, print and help button.

JPBD IMS can be access through

www.townplan.gov.my or

http://ims.townplan.gov.my/townplan/XML/JP

BD.html

PART 3

Usages of GIS in Town Planning

Core Businesses of JPBD

Core Business Responsibility Provision under A172

PLAN PREPARATION

National Physical Plan HQ Part 2 s6B(1)-(6)

State Structure Plan HQ Part 3 s7 to s11

District Local Plan HQ Part 3 s12 to s16

Special Area Plan HQ Part 3 s16B

DEVELOPMENT CONTROL State Offices Part 4

PLAN PREPARATION

DEVELOPMENT CONTROL

PLAN PREPARATION

Special Area Plan

Discussion with State Authority

Approve by National Physical Planning Council

Prepare by Director General of Town and Country

Planning

Approve by State Planning Committee

Agree by State Authority

Prepare by State Director of Town and Country

Planning

Approve by State Planning Committee

Agree by State Authority

Prepare by Local Planning Authority

Approve by State Planning Committee

Agree by State Authority

Prepare by State Director of Town and Country Planning or Local

Planning Authority

State JPBD

acts as

secretariat to

National

Physical

Planning

Council and

State Planning

Committee

State JPBD acts as Local

Planning Authority for area

outside the territory of

Local Authority

District Local Plan

State Structure Plan

National Physical

Plan

Acquisition &

Data Input

Digital Data

Satellite Data

Others

Database

Management

GIS APPLICATION

Statistical Data

Criteria

Analysis

Output

GIS APPLICATION

Manipulation &

Data Analysis

Composite Plan

Usage of Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)

& GIS in Town Planning

UTILITY

SOSIAL

BASE MAP

PHYSICAL

PALNNING

ADMINISTRATIO

N

TRANSPORTATI

ON

DEMOGRAPHY

LAND INFO

ECONOMY

ENVIRONMENT

Stage 1

Stage 2

Set an ultimate goal

Set an objectives

Stage 3 Identify criteria/indicator/attributes for each objective that can be translated into land form

Stage 4

Stage 5

Group similar criteria into groups of hierarchy

Perform pair wise comparison for each pair of criteria each group

The analysis on land suitable for development has been generated using MCDM (Expert Choice 2000) and GIS. It’s a process of matching land demand by state with the land supply based on the output of MCDM process that translated into GIS

Stage 6

Stage 7

Transferred score generated from MCDM to GIS and prepare criterion on map

Perform Land Suitability Analysis

MCDM (Expert Choice 2000)

GIS

Usage of MCDM & GIS in National Physical Plan Preparation

LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS

PLAN PREPARATION PROCESS

PROJECT SUMMARY

TERM OF REFERENCE

PRELIMINARY REPORT

Research Methodology &

Scope & data volume

Data Collection

Data Analysis &

Technical Document

Supporting Graphical Plan

Proposed Plan

WRITTEN STATEMENT

Development Guideline

and Planning Standard

When GIS is used

RESEARCH AREA COVERAGE

TOR – Digital Base map

Preparation

Digital Base map

Preparation

Spatial Data Input

Data Processing & Analysis

Data Presentation

Data Storage for Future Application

‘Customized Application’

(‘Executive Information

Systems’)

ROLES OF GIS IN DEVELOPMENT PLAN PREPARATION

Source: Local Plan Preparation Manual, 2002

ROLES OF GIS IN DEVELOPMENT PLAN PREPARATION Example of Local Plan Sectorial Analysis Using GIS

Data / Information Analysis Output

Study area’s development

policies and strategies

SWOT Analysis Development trust

Issue, problem and

development potential

Demography – population

distribution, household

size/structure, birth rate,

mortality rate, migration

Population / household

growth, factors

influencing growth rate

Population/household

distribution, distribution and

density of population

Social-economic profile Workforce: population,

household income,

poverty level and

human resource growth

trend

Workforce projection,

household income

projection, issue, problem

and growth potential of

human resource

Topography, geology, soil

profile, hydrology

Analysis of area

suitable and available

for development

Data on area suitable for

various types of

developments

Source: Local Plan Preparation Manual, 2002

Role of GIS in Development Control

Based on JPBD’s department-wide Survey, Oct 2004

Common Issues in Extending The GIS Usage

High Cost – Software acquisition and maintenance

Conversion time - Unbias use of difference software brands by

consultant in different plans preparation requires much conversion

at BTM, JPBDHQ

Inefficiency & ineffectiveness - Piecemeal acquisition of data

Lack of GIS expertise - level of specialization still relatively low,

level of interest in GIS still low

GIS Analysis in plan preparations being done by consultants

Difficulties in data sharing with other technical agencies

Suggestions to Tackle The Issues

To establish GIS unit at each project/state office

To assign competent staff to GIS unit and provide them continual

learning opportunity

To establish GIS Training and R&D Centre, planned training for staff

and develop GIS modules to support the department’s core

business

To integrate the department core business (plan preparation and

development) with GIS

To improve the data sharing mechanism, JPBD HQ vs. State

Offices vs. Local Planning Authorities

JPBD HQ to play more a proactive role in encouraging the use of

GIS in town planning activities among top management

To accelerate the use and development of Internet GIS

Based on JPBD’s department-wide Survey, Oct 2004

CONCLUSION

GIS is the tool for town planner in IT world but

because it is so malleable and sophisticated, the

learning curve is quite steep and the use of GID

in town planning cannot be fully exploited without

customizing the off the shelve GIS by

incorporating expert system to it.

Thank You