Basic Electricity Info... All electricity is energy that results from the movement of electrons.
Current Electricity. Comparing Electricity Static electricity is a build up of electrons This...
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Transcript of Current Electricity. Comparing Electricity Static electricity is a build up of electrons This...
![Page 1: Current Electricity. Comparing Electricity Static electricity is a build up of electrons This creates attractions and repulsions The electrons are held.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649f3e5503460f94c5e7ad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Current Electricity
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Comparing Electricity Static electricity is a build up of
electrons This creates attractions and repulsions
The electrons are held in place until there is a discharge, then the electrons move from one place to another
The movement of electrons is current electricity!!
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Flowing electrons is current Current electricity can be AC
(alternating current) like wall outlets and ceiling lights
Current electricity can be DC (direct current) like a bolt of lightning or from a battery
In both cases, electrons are moving from the negative end (more electrons) to the positive end
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Four Terms Four major terms associated with current
electricity are Voltage (potential difference) is the
pressure on the electrons to make them move
Current is the amount of electrons moving Resistance is the push against the
movement of the electrons Power is the work being done by the
moving electrons in a given time
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Think about electricity like a big bucket of water
The more full the bucket, the harder the water pushes out the faucet – this push is voltage
The more the faucet is opened, more water flows out – this flow of water is current
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The faucet can be opened all the way and make it easy for water to flow, or it can be closed part way and make it harder for water to flow
The “harder to flow” is resistance to flow of water – it also is the resistance to flow of electricity
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The water coming out of the faucet can spray, wash away dirt, even turn a water wheel to make electricity
All of these things are work Measuring how much work is
done in a specific amount of time is power
Electrical power is watts
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Conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow through them
Good conductors, like copper wire, have low resistance. This means that they will easily allow electricity to pass through them
Conductors conduct because they hold electrons loosely, and electrons can pass from one atom to the next, and down through the whole piece of material
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Insulators are materials the do not allow electricity to pass through them
Insulators hold their electrons tightly, so they can not be passed or moved
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Voltage Sources Electricity coming from a battery flows from the
negative terminal to the positive terminal. It flows directly from one to the other, in only one direction.
Wall outlets have electricity that keeps changing, or alternating direction. This means that the electricity is moving forward through the wire, then back, then forward again
This back and forth motion of electrons can still do work, just as the back and forth motion of a saw still cuts
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Ohm’s Law There is a relationship between voltage,
current, and resistance Think back about the water tank
If there is not much water in the tank, there will not be much current – regardless of how much the faucet is opened.
If there is a lot of water in the tank, the faucet controls how much water flows out.
The more resistance there is, the less current
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Ohm’s Law Formula Voltage = current * resistance Or Current = voltage / resistance
Hopefully this makes sense – if the resistance increases, the current decreases!!
The formula is written V=IR V = voltage I = current R = resistance
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Taking the measure Voltage or Potential Difference is
measured in Volts (V) Current is measured in amperes or
amps (I) Resistance is measured in ohms(R) Power is measured in watts(P)
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Practice What is the current of a 9 volt
circuit with 20 ohms of resistance? V=IR, or I=V/R I=9 v/20 ohms I=.45 amps
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What is the voltage of a circuit with 50 ohms of resistance and .01 amps? V=IR V= .01 amps * 50 ohms V= .5 volts
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What is the resistance of a 110 volt circuit with 4 amps of current? V=IR, or R=V/I R=110 v/4 amps R= 27.5 ohms
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Practice What is the voltage of a circuit
with 10 ohms of resistance and 15 amps of current? V=IR I=15 amps R= 10 ohms V = 15 amps * 10 ohms V = 150 volts
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Practice What is the resistance of a 25 volt
circuit with 5 amps of current? R = V/I V= 25 Volts I= 5 amps R = 25 Volts/5 amps R = 5 ohms
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Power Power is volts times amps P=VI
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Practice What is the power of a 5 volt
circuit with 15 amps of current? P=VI P= 5 volts * 15 amps P= 75 watts