AGENCY-WIDE BENEFITS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COMMERCIAL MOTOR VEHICLESIZE AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT

CURRENT CHALLENGES

Significant Growth in CMV Traffic• Increased congestion and delay

• Demand for larger and heavier vehicles

• Mounting stress on infrastructure

• Greater need for effective and efficient enforcement

CURRENT CHALLENGES

CMV Size and Weight Non-compliance • Premature pavement deterioration

• Increased annual maintenance costs– State: $8 to $144 million– National: $265 million to $1.11 billion

• Costly, time-consuming infrastructure repairs

– Single events: $150,000 to $350,000

• Compromised safety levels

• Traffic delays, fuel consumption, harmful emissions

CURRENT CHALLENGES

Bridge Infrastructure Deterioration• 72,500 U.S. bridges “structurally deficient”

• $65.3 billion repair estimate

• Inexact methods to reduce, refine, prioritize actions– Uncertainties in traffic loading– Uncertainties in bridge response

CURRENT CHALLENGES

Personnel Limitations• Inflexible fixed weigh facilities

• Significant effort expended on compliant carriers– 1% violation capture rates on U.S. Interstates

• Labor-intensive permit review, approval, issuance

• Lack of coordination, integration, data sharing

– Planning and programming– Enforcement– Design and engineering

BACKGROUND

2006 European Scan Tour• Emerging technologies

• Unconventional procedures

• Novel data applications

• Innovative funding mechanisms

• Multinational harmonization

THE NETHERLANDSBELGIUM

GERMANY

FRANCE

SLOVENIASWITZERLAND

EUROPEAN APPROACH

Unique Partnerships• Similar agencies of different jurisdictional levels

– National and regional law enforcement agencies

• Different agencies– Transportation, law enforcement, regulatory, and

prosecution agencies

In The Netherlands, the Ministry of Transport funds 100 additional limited capacity National Police Agency

officers who focus 40% and 60% of their time on weight enforcement and congestion/incident

management activities, respectively.

EUROPEAN APPROACH

Technology-based Policies/Procedures • CMV enforcement

– size– weight

• WIM system calibration

• OS/OW vehicle permitting, routing, and monitoring

• Bridge infrastructure preservation

EUROPEAN APPROACH

CMV Size Enforcement • Infrastructure preservation

– Switzerland, The Netherlands protect critical tunnels

• Pre-selection for manual enforcement– Germany, combined with Toll Collect system

• Direct enforcement– Switzerland, combined with fixed weigh facilities

BENEFITS Higher volume of CMVs monitored, processed More efficient use of personnel Increased accuracies, certainty in court Significant infrastructure damage cost savings Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

EUROPEAN APPROACH

CMV Weight Enforcement • Pre-selection for manual enforcement

– Various countries, supports mobile and fixed operations

• Enforcement resource scheduling– France, Slovenia, The Netherlands utilize historic WIM data

• Preventative carrier contacts– France, The Netherlands

target habitually non-compliant carriers

• Bypass prevention– France, The Netherlands

support site selection, site level system plans

Pre-selection, enforcement resource scheduling, and

preventative carrier contacts often combined to provide

comprehensive enforcement approach.

EUROPEAN APPROACH

• Direct enforcement– France, The Netherlands leading efforts

– Low-speed and high-speed WIM– Attaining sufficient WIM system accuracy levels– Gaining metrological certification– Modifying existing laws that require static measurements

BENEFITS Increased violation capture rates Reduced fixed facility demand Reduced harmful emissions from static

weighing process Significant infrastructure damage cost savings

EUROPEAN APPROACH

WIM System Calibration • Continuous calibration

– France, The Netherlands, during scheduled enforcement

• Quality assurance– The Netherlands issues QA Statement with every data request

• Dynamic calibration– The Netherlands utilizes specially designed vehicle

BENEFITS Eliminates resource-intensive field calibration Enhanced data quality benefits:

Planning and programming Enforcement Design and engineering

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WIM Sensors

EUROPEAN APPROACH

OS/OW Vehicle Permitting, Routing, and Monitoring • Self Permitting/Routing

– Switzerland provides self-routing Website

• Bridge Safety Assessment– France, Slovenia use measured structure response, traffic data

• Remote Field Verification of Permits– Slovenia, The Netherlands compare in-field measurements

to permit

BENEFITS Increased personnel efficiency, cost-effectiveness Increased bridge safety accuracy Increased permit violation capture rates Significant infrastructure damage cost savings Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

EUROPEAN APPROACH

Bridge Infrastructure Preservation • Structural/safety assessment

– Slovenia, France enhance the accuracy of bridge safety conclusions through direct measurements

• Load testing– Slovenia uses “soft” load testing

BENEFITS Offers traditional WIM system capabilities Cost-effective, non-intrusive data capture More accurate structural/safety assessment Supports “soft” load testing Significant cost savings from appropriate

rehabilitation Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

• Overheight Vehicle Detection System

• Vehicle Profiler System

• WIM Systems– In-road– Bridge

• Dynamic Calibration Vehicle

• Vehicle Identification System

• Advanced Routing/Permitting System

• Archived Records Database

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Overheight Vehicle Detection System

Functions

• Detects overheight vehicles using infrared, laser sensors

• Alerts driver of overheight status

• Recommends action using static signs/flashers, audible alarms, dynamic message signs

Considerations

• Provides 24/7 monitoring

• May experience false alarms

• Audible alarms may not be heard by driver, may disturb area businesses/residents

Estimated Cost

• $25,000 - $125,000 per system/approach

• Varies by driver communication technologies, on-site communication requirements

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Vehicle Profiler System

Functions

• Provides three-dimensional vehicle profile

• Supports pre-selection at high speeds

• Supports direct enforcement at low speeds

Considerations

• Provides 24/7 monitoring in high-speed applications

• May be combined with fixed weigh facilities

• Accuracies to ±2 in. height/width, ±4 in. length at 5 mph

Estimated Cost • $250,000 per system

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

In-road WIM System

Functions• Measures and records axle, gross weight using

piezo quartz, piezo ceramic, fiber optic sensors

Considerations

• Provides 24/7 monitoring

• May be less accurate than traditional WIM systems

• Low cost supports wider implementation

Estimated Cost

• $9,000 - $32,500 per lane

• Varies by sensor type, on-site communication requirements

• Requires additional, ongoing maintenance with associated costs

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Bridge WIM System

Functions

• Measures, records weight using existing structures instrumented with strain transducers/gauges

• Measures, records axles using traditional sensors or Nothing-on-Road/Free-of-Axle Detector (NORFAD) systems

Considerations

• Requires suitable bridge and location• Most successful on short, stiff bridges• Structural assessments require transducer calibration• Calibration may require specialized expertise

Estimated Cost• $100,000 - $130,000 per bridge/system• Varies by sensor type, on-site communication requirements

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SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Dynamic Calibration Vehicle

Functions• Calibrates dynamic load measurements

to true dynamic - rather than static - loads

Considerations• May be used to calibrate traditional

static weigh bridges

Estimated Cost• $1.72 million for vehicle construction

• $6,300 per in-service day

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Vehicle Identification System

Functions

• Cameras capture vehicle silhouette, license plate images

• OCR software converts license plate image to numeric data

• Images/data transmitted via DSRC to portable computer used by enforcement officials

Considerations • Conversion of license plate images may result in errors

Estimated Cost• $52,000 - $80,000 per system

• Varies by camera type, on-site communication requirements

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Advanced Routing/Permitting System

Functions• Allows drivers to self-route based on origin, destination,

route restrictions

Considerations

• Requires supporting highway, bridge information

• Initial development costly due to different state fees, routing, regulations

• Provides 24/7 access for industry

Estimated Cost • $2.0 – $8.3 million per statewide system

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Archived Records Database

Functions

• Supports data-driven enforcement scheduling

• Supports preventative carrier contacts

• Supports enhanced data quality

• Encourages long-term performance monitoring

Considerations • Requires procedures for quality control

Estimated Cost • $225,000 - $300,000

FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE

QUESTIONS