Current Cassava Production Status in Nigeria Cassava Production...In processing down-market...

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Current Cassava Production Status in Nigeria

Dr Richardson Okechukwu


▪ Domestic cassava demand expected to reach $8.5bn by 2020▪ Industrial use of cassava expected to grow by 5x▪ Sizable import substitution and export opportunities for a range of

end products like flour, pellets, starch, sweeteners, ethanol, and snacks

▪ The Federal and State government is supporting private sector ledcassava “centers of excellence” to address sector challenges

▪ Limited access to improved seed, fertilizer and finance ▪ Wide cassava price fluctuations and significant lack of infrastructure

to link producers to processors▪ Small-scale, dispersed location of cassava farmers in Nigeria

▪ Nigeria has low yields when compared to international leaders and cannot currently meet demand from existing processors

The opportunity

The challenges to be addressed

Capturing the potential

The situation

Introduction


Cassava growing area


Cassava plays the role of food security and cash crop


The value chain

5


Nigeria Cassava Market

Unit Product Fresh rootHQCF Mt pa 300,000 1,200,000 Sweetners Mt pa 300,000 1,200,000 Starch Mt pa 250,000 1,250,000 High quality Gari Mt pa 455,000 1,365,000 Total Mt pa 1,305,000 5,015,000

Production (t) 5,015,000 5,015,000 5,015,000 5,015,000 5,015,000 Yield (t/ha) 30 25 20 15 9

Area (ha) 167,166.7 200,600.0 250,750.0 334,333.3 557,222.2

Source: FMARD Cassava Transformation Action Plan

Elements 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Area harvested (Ha) 3,782,000 3,810,000 3,875,000 3,778,000 3,129,030 3,481,900 3,737,090 3,850,000 3,850,000Production (tonnes) 41,565,000 45,721,000 43,410,000 44,582,000 36,822,250 42,533,180 52,403,455 54,000,000 53,000,000

Yield (t/Ha) 10.99 12.00 11.20 11.80 11.77 12.22 14.02 14.03 13.94

Source: FAOSTAT 2015

6

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In processing down-market cassava-based goods like HQCF and sweeteners, a large amount of cassava is needed in Nigeria. To get an idea of the scale, as well as the ratio of cassava to the processed products, below is a chart of the cassava needed based on intended output:


CAVA II Key Milestones In All Countries

Systems developed around enterprises capable of supplyingcompetitively priced fresh cassava roots.Smallholder farmers adopt new varieties plus appropriate and betteragronomic practices which increases yield by at least 25%.

ProjectionsC:AVA II

2015 2016 2017 2018 20192015-2019Nigeria 155,863 163,961 231,718 312,462 451,248 1,315,252Ghana 36,886 42,050 63,125 87,838 130,523 360,422Tanzania 17,249 22,785 33,890 46,708 67,730 188,362Uganda 12,289 17,556 32,011 44,597 69,030 175,483Malawi 5,917 10,758 18,450 27,338 42,383 104,846TOTAL 230219 259126 381211 520961 762933 2144365


EdoBayelsa

Cross RiverAkwa Ibom

EbonyiEnugu

AnambraImo

RiversDeltaAbia

Yield across States (t/ha)0 5 1510 20 25 30 35

Improved varietiesLocal varieties

Yield Gap

8


Essentials for a cassava farmer

• Site selection• Procurement of inputs• Mechanization• Weed control• Labour costs• Plant population• Field supervision till time of harvest• Farm records• Postharvest activities


26

21.2 17.5

25.4

29.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Traditionalsystem

Improvedvarieties

Mechanizedplanting

Mechanizedplanting andharvesting

Mechanizedplanting

&harvesting&improvedvarieties

US$/t

on

100% 13.6% 11.6% 27.9% 40.5%

The only way to reduce production cost is to mechanise at the farm level

Cost Reduction Effects


Cassava mechanization

Four-row planter Boom Sprayer Slasher

Knapsack sprayer Harvester Tractor

Increased productivity and profitability


Importance of the policy environment


Cluster farming model

Inputs

Large commercial farmers

▪ >250 Ha

Medium commercial farmers▪ >50 Ha

Small-holder farmers▪ >10 Ha

▪ Provision of agro-services:‒ Land preparation‒ Improved seeds‒ Fertilizers‒ Access to mechanical

equipment

Agro-services company Starch factory

Sweetener factory

Consumer companies

▪ Provision of processed products to domestic and foreign companies, across sectors, e.g.,:‒ Food and beverage‒ Pharmaceuticals‒ Textile

Nucleus farm▪ Processor owned,

backward integrated▪ 40-60% supply

End MarketCassava Production Processing

HQCF factory


Competitive commercial cassava cultivation training

Develop cluster farming around processing sites

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Young people in Agriculture

IITA Youth Agripreneurs on their cassava field


Business plan• Where you want to go – if you have cassava

farm, do you want to process a product?• What is the purpose?• What is the market like? Who are your

competitors?• Who are you targeting? – who are the

customers?• How do you intend to get there?- what resources

(money, workers, etc,) that you need.• When do you intend to get there? – Your time

frame?

16


Resources needed to start cassava production business

• Knowledge, education, and business plan• Good source of inputs (seed, agrochemicals, fertilizer)• Money• Personnel• Machinery• Land/building• Water• Entrepreneurial skills

– Credit management– Organizing and time management– Costing and pricing– Risk management

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• Location

• Vegetation-Topography

• Size

• Soil type

•Community relations

•Fire

•Cattle Fulani

Land Acquisition

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S/No CLONEYEAR OF

RELEASE S/No CLONEYEAR OF

RELEASE

1 IITA-TMS-IBA30555 1976 22 IITA-TMS-980510 2005

2 IITA-TMS-IBA30572 1984 23 IITA-TMS-980581 2005

3 IITA-TMS-IBA4(2)1425 1986 24 TME 419 2005

4 IITA-TMS-IBA90257 1986 25 IITA-TMS-IBA920326 2006




8 IITA-TMS-IBA8100110 1986 29 NR87187 2006

9 IITA-TMS-IBA30001 1986 30 IITA-TMS-IBA961089A 2009

10 IITA-TMS-IBA50395 1986 31 NR 930199 2009

11 NR41044 1986 32 IITA-TMS-IBA000203 2010

12 NR 8083 1986 33 IITA-TMS-IBA010040 2010

13 NR 83107 1986 34 NR01/0004 2010

14 NR 8082 1986 35 CR41-10 2010

15 NR 8212 1986 36 IITA-TMS-IBA011368 2011

16 TME 1 1986 37 IITA-TMS-IBA011371 2011

17 MS 3 1986 38 IITA-TMS-IBA011412 2011

18 NR 8208 1988 39 NR 03/0211 2011

19 IITA-TMS-IBA91934 2005 40 NR 03/0155 2011

20 IITA-TMS-972205 2005 41 IITA-TMS-IBA011206 2012

21 IITA-TMS-980505 2005 42 IITA-TMS-IBA982132 2012 19


Progress in cassava root yield and CMD resistance of 581

cassava genotypes

CMD

y = -0.0044x + 9.1817R2 = 0.1741

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

0.65

0.70

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

FYLD

y = 0.0101x - 18.908R2 = 0.3406

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Log

(trai

t+1)

Year of cloning


Number of released varieties in each country from pre-1990 to present

47

4139

2421

1818171514131313127 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 2 2

0

10

20

30

40

50N

iger

iaTa

nzan

iaD

R C

ongo

Cam

eroo

nG

hana

Gui

nea

Con

akry

Mal

awi

Libe

riaM

ozam

biqu

eKe

nya

Beni

nTo

goU

gand

aSi

erra

Leo

neAn

gola

Swaz

iland

Zam

bia

Burk

ina

Faso

Buru

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Gam

bia

Mad

agas

car

Rw

anda

Seyc

helle

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had

Zim

babw

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ote

d’Iv

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Gab

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Sene

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Cap

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Cen

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frica

n R

epG

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a Bi

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Num

ber o

f rel

ease

d va

rietie

s

Countries


• Variety type – High yield, dry matter, starch content etc

• Source of stem • Stem Age• Quantity needed• Price per bundle• Transportation• Handling of stems• Across season storage

Challenges in the cassava seed sector


TME 419

23


TMS 98/0581

24


TMS 30572

25


TME 7 (Oko-Iyawo)

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Natural Resource Management• Low native soil fertility• Soil exposed to erosion• Increased leaching (N and K; also Ca, Mg, S) serious under high

rainfall • Soil temperature increases, accelerating organic matter

decomposition (C, N and S loss)• Climate change, less water and nutrient uptake

Good canopy

CASSAVA: CROP REMOVAL• 10 tons/ha tubers: 30 kg N, 4 kg P, 20 kg K• 50 tons/ha: 140 kg N, 20 kg P, 125 kg K• +removal of planting sticks: 340 N , 40 P , 270 K• Leaf harvest increases N removal

It is not only cassava that does this

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Source df SS P>F SS P>F SS P>FLoc 13 971721 <0.0001 35920 <0.0001 5871 <0.0001Fert 1 1448 0.0963 359 0.0001 0.7 0.8178Loc*Fert 13 21722 <0.0001 1740 <0.0001 112 0.0229Clone 42 198689 <0.0001 6107 <0.0001 3576 <0.0001Fert*Clone 42 11123 0.9964 674 0.9537 870 0.0027

R-square 0.6886 0.6378 0.6838CV 31.83 26.84 10.29

Root number Fresh yield (t/ha) Dry matter (%)

Fertilizers for cassava

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

4(2)

1425

82/0

0058

91/0

2324

92/0

057

92/0

067

92/0

325

92/0

326

92B/

0006

1

92B/

0006

8

94/0

026

94/0

039

94/0

561

95/0

166

95/0

289

95/0

379

96/0

523

96/0

603

96/1

089A

96/1

565

96/1

569

96/1

632

96/1

642

97/0

162

97/0

211

97/2

205

97/3

200

97/4

763

97/4

769

97/4

779

98/0

002

98/0

505

98/0

510

98/0

581

98/2

101

98/2

226

99/2

123

99/3

073

99/6

012

M98

/002

8

M98

/004

0

M98

/006

8

TME4

19

TMS3

0572

Perc

ent c

hang

e in

Fre

sh ro

ot y

ield 18.8271

17.8915

17.4

17.6

17.8

18

18.2

18.4

18.6

18.8

19

F NF

Fres

h yi

eld

(t/ha

)

LSD = 0.57Percent change: 5.23

0.0

• Type (macro and micro nutrients)• Rate by varieties• Time of application

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Plant density and weed control• Orientation (Horizontal, Vertical, Inclined)• Population (10,000 at harvest = 12,500 at

planting• Time (Broad, allow 60 dates of rains before

drought stress)• Manual weeding is expensive, herbicide use -

recommended (Skills and supply chains needed)• Groundcover ability of varieties – (Cheapest

method)


• Non availability herbicides.• High cost of herbicides.• Lack of capital to procure

sprayer.• Lack technical skills required to

use herbicides.• Fear of crop damage and health

and environmental hazard.• Adulteration.

Use of herbicide in WA to control weeds in cassava is generally low and ranged from 3 – 37.6%

Chemical weed control


Weed control• Youth empowerment• Gender main streaming

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Conclusions• Cassava production in Nigeria continues to be influenced

by fluctuation in prices• Siting more industries closer to points of production will

lead to stability in prices and sustainable supply of root• Multi-point interventions in the value chain is necessary• Intervention must make economic sense, favourable

Government policy helps, but not sufficient.• Quality throughout chain is essential


Think Big

Start Small

Scale Fast33


Thank you for your attention

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Current Cassava Production Status in Nigeria Cassava Production...In processing down-market...

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