Curious Things in English

8/2/2019 Curious Things in English

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Common Symbols

Symbol Word (common term in brackets)

. full stop

, comma

? question mark

! exclamation mark

: colon

; semi-colon

- hyphen (dash)

& ampersand

/ virgule (forward slash)

\ reversed virgule(backward slash)@ at

# hash

pound symbol

euro symbol

$ dollar symbol

' apostrophe

~ tilde

* asterisk acute accent

` grave accent

" quotation mark

( ) left / right parentheses

[] left / right square bracket

{} left / right brace

< > left / right anglebracket

Wild Animals in Britain
http://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/fullstop.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/comma.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/qmark.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/xmark.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/colon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/semicolon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/hyphen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/dash.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/ampersand.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/virgule.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/fslash.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/rvirgule.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/rvirgule.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/bslash.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/at.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/hash.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/psign.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/esign.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/dsign.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/apostrophe.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/tilde.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/asterisk.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/aaccent.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/gaccent.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/qmark.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/parenthesis.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/bracket.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/brace.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/angle.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/bracket.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/comma.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/qmark.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/xmark.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/colon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/semicolon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/hyphen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/dash.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/ampersand.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/virgule.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/fslash.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/rvirgule.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/bslash.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/at.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/hash.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/psign.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/esign.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/dsign.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/apostrophe.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/tilde.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/asterisk.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/aaccent.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/gaccent.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/qmark.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/parenthesis.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/bracket.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/brace.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/angle.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/bracket.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Alphabet/fullstop.rm


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In Britain, we have a lot of wild animals, birds, fish, insects and mammals - you

can find a few of the most common ones here.

Click on

the

pictu

re.

Generic

Na

me

Male Female Young

Group

N

a

m

e

Other

Info

rmat

ion

Mammals

Badger(s) Boar Sow Cub or Kit Colony

(An old English

name for a

badger is a

brock) They live

in a set.

Bat(s) Male Female Pup Colony

Bats are a

protected

species in the

UK.

Deer (Deer) Stag Doe Fawn Herd

Fox(es)Dog-fox /

Reynard

She-fox /

VixenCub Skulk

Foxes live in an

earth.

Hare(s) Jack Jill Leveret DownHares live in

forms.

Hedgehog(s) Boar Sow Piglet Prickle
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/hedgehog.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/hare.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/fox.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/deer.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/bat.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/badger.rm


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Mole(s) Male Female Pup Labour Moles live in

holes.

Mouse (Mice) Buck Doe Pup Nest

Otter(s) Dog Bitch Kitten FamilyOtters live in

dens.

Rabbit(s) Buck Doe Kit / Bunny Colony

Rabbits live in

warrens.

Rat(s) Buck DoeKitten /

PupNest

Rats often live in

sewers.

Squirrel(s) Buck Doe Pup Dray

There are two

kinds of squirrel

in the UK. The

common grey

squirrel and the

rarer red squirrel.

Only the red

squirrel is a

native.

Stoat(s) Jack Jill Kit Pack

Weasel(s) Jack Jill Kit Sneak
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/mice.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/weasel.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/stoat.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/squirrel.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/rat.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/rabbit.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/otter.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/mouse.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/mole.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/mice.rm


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Birds Cock Hen

Nestling /

Hatchling/

Fledgling

Most birds live in

nests.

Crow(s) Male Female Young Murder

Dove(s) Cock Hen Squab Cote

Duck(s) Drake Hen Duckling Flock

Goose

(Ge

ese)

Gander Goose Gosling

If a group

of geese is

flying, it

becomes a

"skein". If

they are on

land or

water,

they're a

"gaggle".

Hawk(s) Hen Tiercel Eyas Aerie

Heron(s) Hedge
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/heron.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/hawk.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/goose.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/duck.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/dove.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/crow.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rm


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Kingfisher(s)

Owl(s) Owl Jenny Owlet Parliament

Peafowl Peacock Peahen Peachick Pride

Pheasant(s) Cock Hen Chick Brood

Pigeon(s) Cock Hen Squab Flight

Robin(s) Cock Hen Chick

Rook(s) Cock Hen Chick Building

Sparrow(s) Cock Hen Chick Flock

Starling(s) Cock Hen Chick Flock
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/starling.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/sparrow.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/rook.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/robin.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/pigeon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/pheasant.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/peafowl.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/owl.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/kingfisher.rm


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Swan(s) Cob Pen Signet Bevy

Insects

An invertebrate

whose body is

comprised of

three segments

and six legs.

Ant(s)Prince /Drone

Queen /

Princess

/ Worker

Antling

Ants have a

strange

matriarchal set

up. The Queenspends her life

laying eggs,

there is only one

queen per

colony. Worker

ants are non-

reproducing

female worker

ants, the

daughters of the

queen. Soldier

ants are sterile

females who

defend the

colony. The male

ants are small

ants that havewings. They fly

from the colony

to mate with a

queen.
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/ant.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/swan.rm


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Bee(s) DroneQueen /

WorkerLarva Hive

There are three

types of honey

bee. The Queen

who lays the

eggs. The

workers are

females who

gather food,

make honey,

build the six-

sided

honeycomb, tend

eggs, and guardthe hive. And the

drones are

males who mate

with the queen.

Butterfly

(But

terfl

ies)

Male FemaleCaterpillar /

ChrysalisSwarm

Dragonfly

(Dr

ago

nfli

es)

Male FemaleNymphs /

NaiadsSwarm

Fly (Flies) Male Female Maggot Swarm

Moth(s) Male FemaleCaterpillar /

ChrysalisSwarm
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/moth.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/fly.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/dragonfly.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/butterfly.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/bee.rm


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Spider(s) Male Female Spiderling Cluster

Spiders live on a

web. Thankfully

the UK is devoid

of very

poisonous

spiders.

Fish

Cold-blooded

aquatic

vertebrates

usually having

scales and

breathing

through gills

Pike - - Fry -

Salmon Jack Hen Fry Run

Trout Jack Hen Fry Hover

Amphibians

A class of

animals that

spend part of

their time on

land and part in

the water; they

are an

intermediate

form between

fishes and

reptiles.
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/trout.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/salmon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/pike.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/spider.rm


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Frog(s) Male Female Tadpole(s) Army

The eggs of a

frog are called

spawn. Tadpoles

metamorphose

into frogs.

Newt(s) Male Female Larvae

Toad(s) Male Female Tadpole(s) Knot

The eggs of a

frog are called

spawn. Tadpoles

metamorphose

into toads.

Reptiles

Cold-blooded

vertebrate that

lays eggs and

has scales or

plates on its

skin

Snake(s)Male Female Young Nest

There is only one

poisonous snake

in the UK; the

adder.

CrustaceansA class of

invertebrates

that have a

segmented

body, a hard

external

skeleton(exoskeleton),

two sets of

antennae and

one pair of legs

per body
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/snake.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/toad.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/newt.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/frog.rm


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segment.

Crab(s) Male Female Zoea

Lobster(s) Male Female Zoea

Molluscs

Clam(s) Male Female Spat Bed

Cockle(s) - - - Bed

Cockles are

hermaphroditic,

possessing both

male and female

sex organs

during its life

Mussel(s) Male Female Glochidia Bed

Oyster(s) Male Female Spat Bed

Animals on the Farm
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/snail.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/oyster.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/mussel.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/cockle.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/clam.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/lobster.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/crab.rm


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Animals that live on a farm are called farm animals.

Generic

N

a

m

e

Male Female Young Group

Other

Inf

or

mat

ion

Mammals

Cattle Bull Cow Calf Herd /

Kine

Mostly farmed

for milk and

meat (called

beef).

Deer

(

D

e

e

r)

Stag Doe Fawn Herd

Deer are

farmed for their

meat on special

deer farms in

the UK.

Dog(s) Dog Bitch Puppy

Pack (a

group of

puppies

is called

a litter)

Mostly farmedfor work,

protection and

herding. Dog is

not eaten in the

UK.

Donkey Jack Jenny Colt Drove

Mostlly raised

for pleasure.

Donkey meat isnot eaten in the

UK.
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/donkey.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/dog.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/deer.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/cattle.rm


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Goat(s) Billy Nanny Kid Flock

Mostly farmed

for milk and

cheese. Not

many people

eat goat meat

in the UK.

Horse(s) Stallion Mare Foal Herd

Mostly farmed

for work,

leisure or sport

(riding etc). Not

many people in

the UK would

knowingly eat

horse meat,

although there

is a trade for

pet meat.

Pig(s) Boar Sow Piglet Litter

Mostly farmed

for its meat

(called pork).

Sheep Ram Sheep Lamb Flock

Mostly farmed

for wool and

meat (called

lamb).

Birds

Chicken(s) Cockerel Hen Chick Brood

Farmed for its

meat and eggs.

A farm that onlyraises birds is a

poultry farm.

Duck(s)Drake Hen Duckling Brace A wild fowl and

a farmed bird.

Mostly farmed
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/duck.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/chicken.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/sheep.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/pig.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/horse.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/goat.rm


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for its meat.

Goose

(

G

e

e

s

e)

Gander Goose Gosling Gaggle

A wild fowl and

a farmed bird.

Mostly farmed

for its meat.

Insects

Bee(s) DroneQueen /

WorkerLarva Swarm

Bees are

farmed for their

honey. A bee

farm is often

called an

apiary.

Someone who

keeps bees is

usually called a

beekeeper.

Fish

Salmon Jack Hen Fry Shoal

Yes, salmon is

farmed in the

UK.

Trout Jack Hen Fry Shoal

Yes, there are

trout farms in

the UK too.

Animals in the House

Animals that live in the house as companions are called pets.
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/trout.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/salmon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/bee.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/goose.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/geese.rm


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Generic Name Male Female YoungGroup

Other

Infor

mati

on


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Mammals

Cat(s) Tom Queen Kitten

Clutter

(a group

of

kittens is

called a

litter)

Dog(s) Dog Bitch Puppy Pack

There are

between 6.5

million and 7.4

million pet dogs

in the UK.

Ferret(s) Dog Bitch Kit Cast

Domestic pet

ferrets, Mustela

furo (sometimes

called Mustela

putorius furo),

are not wild

animals.

Gerbil(s) Male Female Pup Horde

Guinea Pig(s) Boar Sow Pup Group

Hamster(s) Male Female Pup Horde

I had several

hamsters as pets

when I was a

child.

Rabbit(s) Buck Doe Kit / Bunny ColonyRabbits live in

warrens.
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/rabbit.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/hamster.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/guineapig.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/gerbil.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/ferret.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/dog.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/cat.rm


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Rat(s) Buck Doe Kitten / Pup Nest

Seemingly rats

make very good

pets.

Birds

Budgerigar(s) Hen Cock Chick Flock

They come in a

variety of colours

including blue.

One of the most

common pets in

the UK.

aka Budgie

Canary

(Cana

ries)

Hen Cock Chick Flock

Cockatiel(s) Hen Cock Chick Flock

Cockatoo(s) Hen Cock Chick Flock

Parrot(s) Hen Cock Chick Flock

Insects
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/parrot.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/cockatoo.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/cockatiel.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/canary.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/budgie.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/rat.rm


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Spider(s) Male Female Spiderling Cluster

Yes, people in

the UK keep

spiders as pets.

Fish

Goldfish Male Female Fry Shoal

Probably the

most common

pet in the UK.

Reptiles

Snake(s) Male Female Baby Nest

Yes, people in

the UK keep

snakes as pets

too.
http://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/snake.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/goldfish.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/newsounds/animals/spider.rm


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Animal Sounds

Animals make distinct sounds, some of these sounds have their own word. Do you

need to learn these? Probably not.

Bees buzz.

Cats go miaow. Theypurrwhen they're

happy.

Cockerels go cock-a-doodle-doo.

Cows go moo.

Dogs barkor go woof woof. They growl

when they're angry.

Ducks quack.

Flies buzz.

Frogs croakor go ribbit.


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Appearances - How to describe someone in English

Height

He is tall. He is short. He is normal height.

+ He is verytall. He is quite short. He is relativelynormal height.

Build

She is skinny. (negative) She is fat. (negative)

She is underweight. (negative) She is overweight. (negative)
http://www.learnenglish.de/basics/appearances.htm#top%23top


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She is thin. (negative) She isplump. (neutral)

She is slim. (positive) She is stocky. (neutral)

She is slender. (positive) She is bonny. (positive) ^

!Note - if a man is fat (especially round the waist) we often say he has a beer belly.

Hair

blonde/fair hair brown hair red hair black hair grey hair

blonde brunette redhead - -

Eyes

grey eyes green eyes blue eyes brown eyes dark eyes

!Note!

This is a black

eye!
http://www.learnenglish.de/basics/appearances.htm#top%23tophttp://www.learnenglish.de/basics/appearances.htm#top%23top


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Type of hair

She has

longhair.

She has

shorthair.

He has no

hair. = He is

bald.

She has

medium

length hair.

She has medium

length hair.She has short

+She has

long, black

hair.

She has

short, black

hair.

-

She has

medium

length ,

blonde hair.

She has medium

length, redhair.

She has sho

blonde hair

++

She has

long,

straight,

black hair.

She has

short,

straight,

black hair.

-

She has

medium

length,

straight,blonde hair.

She has medium

length, wavy, red

hair.

She has sho

curly, blonde h

or

Her hair is

long,

straight

and black.

Her hair is

short,

straight and

black.

-

Her hair is

medium

length,

straight and

blonde.

Her hair is

medium length,

wavy and red.

Her hair is sh

curly and blon

+She wears

glasses.

Type of complexion


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He is asian. He

has light-brown

skin.

She is black.

She has dark

skin.

He is white. He

has fair skin.

She is white.

She has lightly

tanned skin.

She is white. She

has very pale skin.

Other features

Point your cursor over the named feature, if you're correct the word will appear.

moustache beard chin forehead nostrils

eyebrows cheeks fringe lips teeth


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Note !

bald, black, blonde, blue, brown, curly,fat,grey,long,

medium,

overweight,pale,plump, red,short, skinny,

slim, stocky, straight, tall, tanned,

thin,wavy andwhite

are alladjectives - they describe things

very, quite andslightly

are allmodifiers - they change (modify) the adjectives.

English Families

This is Mary. Mary Bell.
http://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/bald.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/black.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/blonde.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/blue.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/brown.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/curly.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/fat.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/grey.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/grey.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/long.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/long.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/medium.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/overweight.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/pale.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/pale.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/plump.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/plump.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/red.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/red.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/short.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/short.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/skinny.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/slim.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/stocky.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/straight.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/tall.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/tanned.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/thin.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/wavy.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/wavy.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/white.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammarpage.htm#Adjectiveshttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/very.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/quite.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/slightly.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Level1/TechnicalTerms.htm#modifierhttp://www.learnenglish.de/basics/appearances.htm#top%23tophttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/bald.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/black.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/blonde.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/blue.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/brown.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/curly.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/fat.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/grey.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/long.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/medium.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/overweight.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/overweight.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/pale.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/plump.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/red.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/short.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/skinny.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/slim.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/stocky.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/straight.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/tall.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/tanned.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/thin.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/thin.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/wavy.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Colours/white.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammarpage.htm#Adjectiveshttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/very.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/quite.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/People/slightly.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Level1/TechnicalTerms.htm#modifier


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This is George. George Bell.

Mary and George are married to each other.

George is Mary's husband.

Mary is George's wife.

They are husband and wife.

Mr and Mrs Bell have two children. Carol and Robert Bell.

This is Carol Bell. Carol is their

daughter.

This is Robert Bell. Robert is

their son.

Robert is older than Carol. He is Carol's big

brother.

Carol is younger than Robert. She is

Robert's little sister.

They are brother and sister.

They are Mr and Mrs Bell's children.

George is Carol and Robert's father.

Mary is Carol and Robert's mother.

They are Carol and Robert's parents.


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This is Emily. Emily

Richards.

This is Edgar. Edgar

Richards.

Mr and Mrs Richards are Mary's parents. She is their

daughter.

Mary's name before she got married was

Mary Richards. Mary Richards is her

maiden name, Mary Bell is her married

name.

Edgar and Emily are Carol and Robert's

grandparents. Carol and Robert are their

grandchildren.

Mr Richards is their grandfather. They call him

grandad.

Mrs Richards is their grandmother. They call her

granny.


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Carol is their granddaughter and Robert is their

grandson.

They're George Bell's in-laws. Mrs Richards is hismother-in-law and Edgar is his father-in-

law.

George is their son-in-law.

Mr and Mrs Robert's have another daughter Anne.

Anne is Mary's younger sister. She is the youngest.

She isn't married. She is single.

She is Carol and Robert's aunt.

Carol is her niece and Robert is her nephew.

Mary's husband George is her brother-in-law.

She is George's sister-in-law.

Mr and Mrs Robert's also have a son, Charles.

Charles is Mary's older brother. He is the

eldest.

He is Carol and Robert's uncle.

Charles was married, but he isn't any more. He's

divorced.

He is George's brother-in-law.


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This is Emma.

She is Charles' baby.

Charles is her father.

She is Carol and Robert's cousin, they are her

cousins too.

Mary and Anne are her aunts, she is Mary and

Anne's niece.

George is her uncle, she is his niece.

Charles, Mary and Anne are siblings.

Charles, Mary, Anne, Emily, Edgar, Carol, Robert,Emma and George are all related. They are

members of the same family. They are

relatives.

English Greetings

Everyday Greetings


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"Good morning."

"Good afternoon."

"Good evening."

"Goodbye."

+ "Good night."

+ "Good night."

Special Greetings
http://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodMorning.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodAfternoon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodEvening.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodBye.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodNight.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/basics/greetings.htm#BOTTOM%23BOTTOMhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodMorning.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodAfternoon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodEvening.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodBye.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodNight.rm


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"Happy Christmas." or "Merry Christmas."

00.01 - 1st January "Happy New Year!"

"Happy Easter."

or etc....

"Good Luck!"

or etc...

"Congratulations!" or "Well done!"

"Get well soon."

Shaking Hands
http://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/HappyXmas.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/MerryXmas.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/MerryXmas.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/HappyNY.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/HappyEaster.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodLuck.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/Congrats.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/WellDone.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GetWellSoon.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/basics/greetings.htm#BOTTOM%23BOTTOMhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/HappyXmas.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/MerryXmas.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/HappyNY.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/HappyEaster.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GoodLuck.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/Congrats.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/WellDone.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Time/GetWellSoon.rm


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When meeting someone formally for the first time, we shake

their hand and say "How do you do?" or "Pleased to meet

you."

"How do you do?" isn't really a question, it just means

"Hello".

When young people meet informally they sometimes say

"Give me five!" and slap their hands together (high five).

Generally we do not shake hands with people we know well.

Naturally speaking

You say hello, and I say goodbye!

Follow the dialogue.

Mr Bean meets Mrs Breuer, one of his students, and her husband in the street.

Mr Bean: Good morning, Mrs Breuer.

Mrs Breuer: Good morning, Mr Bean. How are you?

Mr Bean: I'm fine thanks, and you?

Mrs Breuer:Not too bad. Mr Bean, this is my husband Michael, Michael this is Mr

Bean my English teacher.

Mr Breuer: Pleased to meet you.

Mr Bean: Pleased to meet you too. Are you from Germany, Mr Breuer?

Mr Breuer: Yes, East Germany, from Dresden. And you, are you from London?

Mr Bean: No, I'm from Derby, but I live in London now.

Mrs Breuer: Well, goodbye Mr Bean, it was nice to see you.

Mr Bean: Yes, goodbye.
http://www.learnenglish.de/basics/greetings.htm#BOTTOM%23BOTTOMhttp://www.learnenglish.de/basics/greetings.htm#BOTTOM%23BOTTOM


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Formal to Informal Greetings and Introductions

First meetings

Formal Introducingyours

elf

Introducingothers

Responding toan

introdu

ction

On Leaving

How do

you do?

My name

is Mrs

Hand.

Mrs Hand,

may I

introduce

my boss,

Mr Smith.

Pleased to

meet you

Mrs Hand.

Goodbye. It's

a pleasure to

have met

you.

Hello,

Lynne

Hand. I'm

the owner

of this

web site.

Lynne, I'd

like you to

meet John

Smith, our

salesman.

John, this

is Lynne

Hand.

Pleased to

meet you

Lynne.

Goodbye.

Nice to have

met you.

Lynne

Hand.

Lynne,

meet John,

my

husband.

John, this

is my

teacher

Lynne.

Hi, Lynne.

How are

you?

Bye. It was

nice to meet

you.

Informal

Subsequent meetings


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Formal Possible Greetings Possible responses

Hello, Mrs Hand. It's nice to

see youagain.

What a pleasant surprise! How

are you? It's been a while.

Good morning Mrs Hand.

How are you today?

I'm very well thank you. And

you?

Good afternoon, Mrs Hand.

It's good to see you.

Thank you. It's nice to see you

too. How are you?

Hello Lynne. How are you

doing?

Fine thanks. What's new with

you?

Hi, Lynne! How's it going? Not too bad, busy as ever.

Hi, Lynne. How are things? Oh fine. You know how it is.

Informal

!Note- on first meetings say, "It's nice to meet you". For future meetings say, "It's nice to

see you again".

Countries, Nationalities, Languages and Flags

!Note - in English all countries and adjectives describing the products,people or services from that country areproper nouns and as such start with

a CAPITAL LETTER.

Country Nationality Official Language(s)

Australia Australian English

Austria Austrian Austrian
http://www.learnenglish.de/Level1/TechnicalTerms.htm#ProperNounhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Level1/TechnicalTerms.htm#ProperNounhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/capitaltext.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Level1/TechnicalTerms.htm#ProperNounhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/capitaltext.htm


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IsiZulu

Northern Sotho (Sepedi)

Sesotho

Setswana

SiSwati

Tshivenda

Xitsonga

Southern Ireland Irish English

Spain Spanish Spanish

Sweden Swedish Swedish

Switzerland Swiss French / German / Italian

The Netherlands Dutch Dutch

Turkey Turkish Turkish

The UK British English

The USA American English

Wales Welsh English or Welsh

!Note - the Capital City of a country is the most important town or city of acountry and it is usually the seat of government and administrative

centre, the place where the leaders of a country or state meet and work.

Country Capital City

Australia Canberra

Austria Vienna

Belgium Brussels

Brazil Brasilia

Britain London

Canada Ottawa


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China Beijing

Denmark Copenhagen

Egypt Cairo

England London

Finland Helsinki

France Paris

Germany Berlin

Greece Athens

Hungary Budapest

Ireland (Northern) Belfast (regional capital)

Ireland (Southern) Dublin

Italy Rome

Japan Tokyo

Korea Seoul

Mexico Mexico City

Nothern Ireland Belfast

Poland Warsaw

Portugal Lisbon

Russia Moscow

Scotland Edingurgh (regional capital)

South Africa Cape Town

Southern Ireland Dublin

Spain Madrid

Sweden Stockholm

Switzerland Bern


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The Netherlands Amsterdam

Turkey Ankara

The USA Washington

Wales Cardiff (regional capital)

!Note - when describing the flag of a particular country you use the adjectivethat describes nationality.

Country Description The Flag

Australia The Australian flag

Austria The Austrian flag

Belgium The Belgium flag

Brazil The Brazilian flag

Canada The Canadian flag

China The Chinese flag


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Denmark The Danish flag

Egypt The Egyptian flag

England The English Flag

Finland The Finnish flag

France The French flag

Germany The German flag

Greece The Greek flag

Hungary The Hungarian flag

Ireland The Irish flag


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Italy The Italian flag

Japan The Japanese flag

Mexico The Mexican flag

Poland The Polish flag

Portugal The Portugese flag

Russia The Russian flag

Scotland The Scottish flag

South Africa The South African flag

Spain The Spanish flag


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Sweden The Swedish flag

Switzerland The Swiss flag

The Netherlands The Dutch flag

Turkey The Turkish flag

The UK The Union Flag

The USA The American flag

Wales The Welsh flag

English Numbers

Whole Numbers also known as Cardinal Numbers -used for counting


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Symbol Word Pronounce It

0 Nought 0

1 One 1

2 Two 2

3 Three 3

4 Four 4

5 Five 5

6 Six 6

7 Seven 7

8 Eight 8

9 Nine 9

10 Ten 10

11 Eleven 11

12 Twelve 12

13 Thirteen 13

14 Fourteen 14

15 Fifteen 15

16 Sixteen 16

17 Seventeen 17

18 Eighteen 1819 Nineteen 19

20 Twenty 20

21 Twenty-one ... 21

30 Thirty 30

40 Forty 40

50 Fifty 50

60 Sixty 60

70 Seventy 70

80 Eighty 80

90 Ninety 90

100 One hundred 100

101 One hundred and one ... 101

102 One thousand 1,000
http://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Nought.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/One.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Two.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Three.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Four.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Five.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Six.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Seven.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Eight.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Nine.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Ten.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Eleven.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Twelve.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Thirteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fourteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fifteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Sixteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Seventeen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Eighteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Nineteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Twenty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Twentyone.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Thirty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fourty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fifty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Sixty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Seventy.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Eighty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Ninety.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneHundred.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/101.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneThou.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Nought.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/One.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Two.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Three.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Four.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Five.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Six.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Seven.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Eight.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Nine.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Ten.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Eleven.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Twelve.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Thirteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fourteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fifteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Sixteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Seventeen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Eighteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Nineteen.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Twenty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Twentyone.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Thirty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fourty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fifty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Sixty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Seventy.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Eighty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Ninety.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneHundred.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/101.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneThou.rm


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1,000,000 One million 1,000,000

1,000,000,000,000 One billion 1,000,000,000,000

Ordinal Numbers - used for ranking

In figures In wordsPronounce

It

1st the first 1st

2nd the second 2nd

3rd the third 3rd

4th the fourth 4th

5th the fifth 5th

6th the sixth 6th

7th the seventh 7th

8th the eighth 8th

9th the ninth 9th

10th the tenth 10th

11th the eleventh 11th

12th the twelfth 12th

13th the thirteenth 13th

14th the fourteenth 14th

15th the fifteenth 15th

16th the sixteenth 16th

17th the seventeenth 17th

18th the eighteenth 18th

19th the nineteenth 19th

20th the twentieth 20th

21st the twenty-first ...

22nd the twenty-second ...

23rd the twenty-third ...

24th the twenty-fourth ...

25th the twenty-fifth ...
http://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneThou.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneMill.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneBill.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1st.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/2nd.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/3rd.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/4th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/5th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/6th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/7th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/8th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/9th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/10th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/11th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/12th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/13th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/14th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/15th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/16th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/17th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/18th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/19th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/20th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneMill.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/OneBill.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1st.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/2nd.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/3rd.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/4th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/5th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/6th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/7th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/8th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/9th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/10th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/11th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/12th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/13th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/14th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/15th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/16th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/17th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/18th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/19th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/20th.rm


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26th the twenty-sixth ...

27th the twenty-seventh ...

28th the twenty-eighth ...

29th the twenty-ninth ...

30th the thirtieth 30th

40th the fortieth 40th

50th the fiftieth 50th

60th the sixtieth 60th

70th the seventieth 70th

80th the eightieth 80th

90th the ninetieth 90th

100th the hundredth 100th

101st the hundred and first ...

1000th the thousandth 1000th

Ordinal numbers are often used in fractions:-

Fractions

Symbol Word Pronounce It

1/8 One eighth 1/8

1/5 One fifth

1/4 One quarter 1/4

3/4 Three quarters 3/4

1/3 One third 1/3

2/3 Two thirds

1/2 One half 1/2

Sums

Symbols Word (common term in brackets) Pronounce It
http://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/30th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Sounds/Numbers/Fourty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fifty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/60th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/70th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/80th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/90th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/100th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1000th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1eighth.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1eighth.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1eighth.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1quarter.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1quarter.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1quarter.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/3quarters.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/3quarters.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/3quarters.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1third.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1third.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1third.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1half.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1half.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1half.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/30th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Sounds/Numbers/Fourty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/Fifty.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/60th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/70th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/80th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/90th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/100th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1000th.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1eighth.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1quarter.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/3quarters.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1third.rmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/Sounds/Numbers/1half.rm


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+ Plus (And) +

- Minus (Take away) -

x Multiplied by (Times) x

Divided by

= Equals (Is) =

. Point .

% Percent %

(((1 + 6) - 2) x

2) 2.5=4

One plus six minus two multiplied by two divided by

two point five equals four

or

One and six take away two times two divided by two

point five is four

1 + 6 - 2 x 2 2.5=4

10% 100=10 Ten percent ofone hundred equals ten. 10% 100=10

What to say

We often say "a" instead of "one".

For example when we have the numbers 100 or1/2 we say "A hundred" or"A half".

For example:

11/2 - "One and a half."

When pronouncing decimals we use the word point to represent the dot. The numbers

following the dot are pronounced separately.

For example:

When you have the number 1.36 we say "One point three six."

Interesting Numbers
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~ 0 ~

What could possibly be interesting about nothing?

It's the number of ways you can say 0 in English.

When we use it For example:-

0 = oh after a decimal point 9.02 = "Nine point oh two."

in bus or room numbersRooom 101 = "Room one oh one."

Bus 602 = "Bus six oh two."

in phone numbers 9130472 = "Nine one three oh four seven two."

in years 1906 = "Nineteen oh six."

0 = nought before a decimal point 0.06 = "Nought point oh six."

0 = zero in temperature -10C = "10 degrees below zero."

US English for the

number0 = "Zero"

0 = nil in footballChelsea 2 Manchester United 0 = "Chelsea two

Manchester United nil."

0 = love in tennis 20 - 0 = "Twenty love."

~ 12 ~

The number 12 is often represented as a dozen and the number 6 as a half dozen.

For example:

12 eggs="A dozen eggs."6 eggs ="Half a dozen eggs."

~ 13 ~
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A dozen is 12, but a baker's dozen is 13, because in the past bakers who were caught

shortchanging customers could be liable to severe punishment, so they used to add

an extra bread roll to make up the weight.

~ 100 ~

A century is 100. The roman numeral for 100 is C, forcentum.

One hundred is the basis of percentages (literally "per hundred"). 100% is the full

amount of something.

~ 1 billion ~

When is a billion not a billion?

In British English billion traditionally means a million million = 1,000,000,000,000 =

1012

In American English billion means a thousand million = 1,000,000,000 = 109

The American billion has become standard in technical and financial use.

However, to avoid confusion it is better to use the terms "thousand million" for 10 9

and "million million" for 1012.

Milliard" is French for the number 109. It is not used in American English but is

sometimes, but rarely, used in British English.

Letters as Numbers

~ k ~


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The letter k is often used to denote a thousand. So, 1k = 1,000.

If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of 12k it means 12,000.00.

~ m ~

The letter m is often used to denote a million. So, 1m = 1,000,000.

If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of 12m, apply for it!

~ bn ~

The letters bn denote a billion. So, 1bn is usually1,000,000,000 (see above).

If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of 12bn, it's probably a missprint.

Spring

March April May

Summer

June July August

Autumn

September October November

Winter

December January February

Each season has distinctive weather and cultural significance:-
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Spring

In spring the days grow longer, the weather is warmer but it often rains and can get very

windy. We celebrateEasterin the spring.

Summer

In summer the days are long and the weather'susually warm and sometimes even hot.

We usually go on holiday in the summer.

Autumn

September October November

In autumn the days get shorter, it gets colder and the leaves fall from the trees. We

celebrateHalloween in autumn.

Winter
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In winter the days are short and it is generally cold and often wet, sometimes it snows.

We celebrate Christmas in the winter.

Most of the seasons have their own adjective.

Spring

There is no real adjective, but you could say "spring like".

For example:-

The weather is very spring like.

Summer

The adjective is summery.

For example:-

I like summery weather.

Autumn

The adjective is autumnal.

For example:-

There is an autumnal feeling in the air.

Winter

The adjective is wintry.

For example:-
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The forecast said there would be wintry showers tomorrow.

!The names of days and months always begin with a CAPITAL letter butseasons don't.

For example:-

Christmas is in December during the winter. I like it when Christmas Day

is on a Sunday.

Shapes

Simple Straight Sided Shapes

Rectangle

Square

Triangle
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Simple Rounded Shapes

Circle

Oval

Types of Triangles

Equilateral

triangle

Isosceles

triangle
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Right

angled

triangle

3D Shapes

Cone

Cube

Cylinder
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Pyramid

Rectangular

Prism

Sphere

Mathematical Shapes

Parallelogram
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Pentagon - 5

sides

Hexagon - 6

sides

Octagon - 8

sides

Complex Miscellaneous Shapes

Coffin
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Diamond

Heart

Kite

Petal

Shell

Star
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Time (1)

When it's "on the hour" we say "o'clock". But only when it's on the hour.

Twelve o'clock Six o'clock

One o'clock Seven o'clock

Two o'clock Eight o'clock

Three o'clock Nine o'clock

Four o'clock Ten o'clock
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Five o'clock Eleven o'clock

Because it can be difficult to say whether 12 o'clock is during the day or the night, we use two

special terms.

00:00 and 24:00 = Twelve

midnight (or midnight)

12:00 = Twelve noon

(or noon)

Time (2)

In five minute increments, when it's past the hour (up to 30 minutes past) we say "past".

When it's before the hour (after 30 minutes past) we say "to".

There are 60 minutes in an hour.

30 minutes is half an hour, we say "half past" or "thirty".

15 minutes is quarter of an hour, we say "quarter past" or "fifteen" or "quarter to" or "forty-five".
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Twelve o'clock

Twelve fifteen

or

Quarter past twelve

Twelve thirty

or

Half past twelve

We never say "half to".

Twelve forty-five

or

Quarter to one

At other "odd" times, when we want to be accurate, we add the word "minute(s)":-

It's twenty-eight minutes totwelve.

It's one minutepast three.

If you want to avoid trying to remember when to use "minutes" and when

not to just say "nearly" or "just turned".
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It's just turned half past

eleven.

It's nearly three

o'clock.

Prepositions used with time

At a point

in time

In a length of

time

"When

shall we

meet?

"Let's meet

at 12.30."

"It's 12.45,

when will you

be ready?

"I'll see you in

an hour, at

about 1.45."

Naturally speaking

Digital clocks often show the time this way using the 24-hour-clock, only the

police and the military actually speak using the 24 hour clock:-

If it's before noon we tend to

say "in the morning".

If it's after noon we say "in

the afternoon".If it's late we say "at night".

07:00

It's seven o'clock in the

morning

14:00

It's two o'clock in the

afternoon

22:00

It's ten o'clock at night

15 minutes past the hour isquarter past:

07:15

It's quarter past seven in

the morning

14:15

It's quarter past two in the

afternoon

22:15

It's quarter past ten at

night


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30 minutes past the hour is

half past:

07:30It's half past seven in the

morning

14:30It's half past two in the

afternoon

22:30

It's half past ten at night

45 minutes past the hour is

quarter to:

07:45

It's quarter to eight in themorning

14:45

It's quarter to three in theafternoon

22:45

It's quarter to eleven atnight

How to ask the time in English.

o Excuse me.What time is it,

please?

It's exactly eight

o'clock.

or

It's eight.

o Excuse me. Do you have thetime, please?

It's half past twelve.

or

It's twelve thirty.
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o Excuse me.Could you tell

me the time, please?

It's about half past

eleven.

or

It's around eleven

thirty.

Writing the time

morning00:01 -

11:59

a.m. - stands for Ante Meridiem (the time

between midnight and noon)

00:01 hrs -

12:00

noon or midday 12:00

p.m. - stands for Post Meridian (after noon)12:01 -

24:00 hrs

afternoon12:01 -

18:00

evening 18:01 -22:00

night22:01 -

24:00

midnight 24:00 / 00:00

There are 24 hours in a day, but only the military, police and computer programmers use the

24-hour clock. When writing or speaking generally we tend to use the 12-hour clock. The 24

hours of the day are divided into two periods called a.m. (Latin "ante meridiem" | English:"before mid day") and p.m. (Latin "post meridiem" | English: "after mid day").

The way people write the time varies. I prefer a.m. and p.m.

Choose from the following styles or use what your English teacher tells you to and stick to it:-
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a.m. p.m.

am pm

AM PM

A.M. P.M.

Some people (myself included) use a dot as the separator: 2.30 pm.

Some people use a colon as the separator: 2:30 pm. The colon is usually used with the 24-

hour clock: 14:30.

When you are writing the time decide whether to write it using numerals or words, and stick to

that.

The Weather

Using verbs to describe the weather

The sun is shining It's drizzling

The wind is blowingIt's raining (The rain is

falling.)

It's hailingIt's pouring (The rain is

pouring down.)


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It's snowing (The snow is

falling.)It's thundering

Using adjectives to describe the weather

Sweltering = It's sweltering. or

It's a sweltering day.

Freezing = It's freezing. or

It's a freezing day.

Warm = It's warn. orIt's a

warm day.

Cold = It's cold. orIt's a

cold day.

Sunny = It's sunny. orIt's a

sunny day.

Cloudy = It's cloudy. orIt's

a cloudy day.

Clear = It's clear. orIt's a clear

day.

Stormy = It's stormy. or

It's a stormy day.

Misty = It's misty. orIt's a

misty day.

Foggy = It's foggy. orIt's a

foggy day.

Breezy = It's breezy. orIt's a

breezy day

Windy = It's windy. orIt's

a windy day.


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Showery = It's showery. orIt's

a showery day.

Rainy = It's rainy. orIt's a

rainy day.

Frosty = It's frosty. orIt's a

frosty day.

Snowy = It's snowy. orIt's

a snowy day.

Icy = It's icy. orIt's an icy day.Drizzly = It's drizzly. orIt's

a drizzly day.

. Dry = It's dry. orIt's a dry

day.

Wet = It's wet. orIt's a wet

day.

Other things associated with the weather

sunshine lightning

puddles raindrops

hailstones snowflakes


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frost The weather forecast

flood drought

tidalwave tornado / twister

Atlantic / Eastern

Pacific = a hurricane

Northwest Pacific = a

typhoon

Rest of the world = a

cyclone

Describing the weather generally

hot, scorching wet, miserable, damp

warm, mild, fine, dry dull, grey


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cool, refreshing cold, chilly

What to say

How to askabout the weather.

What's the weather like?

What's the weather doing?

Is it raining where you are?

A lot of nouns about the weather are uncountable, so we have to create or add acounting word:-

Fog / Mist A wisp of mist / fog.

Hail A hailstone

Rain A drop of rain / A raindrop

Snow A snowflake

Sunshine A ray of sunshine

Wind A gust of wind
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Curious Things in English

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