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Transcript of Cure cardiac anatomy physiology questions
![Page 1: Cure cardiac anatomy physiology questions](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052602/55a1441d1a28abac048b4650/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CARDIAC ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY
REVIEWQUESTIONS - ANSWERS
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Review: Heart AnatomyReview: Heart Anatomy
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Review: Introduction to the HeartReview: Introduction to the Heart
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Q1What is the hardest working muscle in the human body?
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A1The heart is the hardest working muscle in the human body.
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Q2What is the function of the heart?
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A2Its primary function is to pump blood though all the blood vessels of
the body.
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Q3What body cavity is the heart located in?
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A3The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, within the mediastinum.
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Q4What anatomical structures protect the heart?
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A4It is protected by the rib cage, vertebral column and sternum.
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Q5Where are the apex and base of the heart?
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A5The apex is located anteriorly, inferiorly.
The base is directed posteriorly, superiorly.
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Review: Review: Relative AnatomyRelative Anatomy
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Q6What are the two body systems that supply oxygen to the body?
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A6The cardiovascular system functions together with the pulmonary
system to provide cells with a constant supply of oxygen.
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Q7How is de-oxygenated blood sent to the lungs?
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A7The heart pumps de-oxygenated blood to the lungs via the right and
left pulmonary arteries.
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Q8How is oxygenated blood sent to the heart?
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A8The lungs return oxygenated blood to the heart via the four
pulmonary veins: right & left inferior and right & left superior veins.
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Q9What is an unusual feature of the pulmonary arteries?
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A9The pulmonary arteries transport de-oxygenated blood.
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Q10What is an unusual feature of the pulmonary veins?
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A10The pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood.
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Q11Within the lungs, where does gas exchange occur?
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A11The gas exchange occurs in the alveoli sacs at the ends of
bronchioles.
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Review: Review: Blood VesselsBlood Vessels
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Q12What are the names of the major blood vessels
that connect to the heart?
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A12The major blood vessels that connect to the heart are:
the Aorta, the Superior & Inferior Vena Cava and Pulmonary Artery
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Q13In what heart chamber is the aorta normally found?
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A13The aorta is normally found in the left ventricle, connected by the
aortic valve.
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Q14In what heart chamber are the superior and inferior vena cava
normally found?
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A14The IVC and the SVC are normally found in the right atrium.
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Q15What type of blood flows through the inferior and superior vena cava?
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A15De-oxygenated blood flows through the IVC and SVC.
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Q16What type of blood flows through the aorta?
Where does this blood go?
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A16Oxygenated blood flows through the aorta.
This blood travels to all the body’s arteries.
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Q17What are the four main segments of the aorta?
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A17The four main segments of the aorta are:
Ascending Aorta; Aortic Arch; Thoracic Aorta; Abdominal Aorta
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Q18What are the first two branches of the aortic root?
What is their function?
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A18The first two branches are: Right Coronary & Left Coronary Arteries.
They supply blood for Coronary Circulation
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Q19What is coronary circulation?
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A19Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood within the blood
vessels of the myocardium.
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Q20What vessels deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium?
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A20The coronary arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the
myocardium.
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Q21What vessels remove de-oxygenated blood from the myocardium?
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A21The coronary veins remove de-oxygenated blood from the
myocardium.
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Q22What is another name for the coronary sulcus?
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A22The coronary sulcus is also called the coronary groove.
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Q23How many layers are in an artery?
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A23There are three layers in an artery.
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Q24What are the names of the three layers of an artery?
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A24The three layers of an artery are:
Tunica Intima , Tunica Media , Tunica Aventitia.
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Review: Review: Basic Heart AnatomyBasic Heart Anatomy
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Q25How many chambers are in the heart?
What are they called?
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A25There are four chambers:
Left & Right Atrium and Left & Right Ventricles.
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Q26What chambers of the heart receive blood?
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A26The chambers of the heart that receive blood are the
Left and Right Atria.
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Q27What chambers of the heart send blood?
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A27The chambers of the heart that send blood are the
Left and Right Ventricles.
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Q28The right atrium receives blood from what sources?
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A28The right atrium receives blood from:
Inferior Vena Cava, Superior Vena Cava, & Coronary Sinus.
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Q29The left atrium receives blood from what sources?
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A29The left atrium receives blood from
the four pulmonary veins
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Q30Is the left atrium larger than the right atrium?
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A30Yes, the left atrium is larger than the right atrium.
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Q31What separates the left and right atrium?
What separates the left and right ventricle?
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A31The interatrial septum separates the left and right atrium.
The interventricular septum separates the left and right ventricle
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Q32What are the four valves of the heart?
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A32The four valves are:
Mitral, Tricuspid, Aortic and Pulmonary Valves.
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Q33What are the Atrioventricular Valves? Name them.
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A33Atrioventricular Valves connect the atria and ventricles.
They are the Mitral Valve and Tricuspid Valve.
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Q34How many Semilunar Valves are there?
Name the Semilunar Valves.
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A34There are two Semilunar Valves.
They are the Pulmonary Valve and the Aortic Valve.
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Q35What are the names of the Mitral Valve leaflets?
How many are there?
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A35There are two Mitral Valve leaflets.
They are the Anterior and Posterior leaflets.
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Q36How many cusps are in the Pulmonary Valve?
What are their names?
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A36There are three cusps in the Pulmonary Valve.
They are the Anterior, Right Posterior and Left Posterior Cusps.
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Q37How many cusps are in the Aortic Valve?
What are their names?
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A37There are three cusps in the Aortic Valve.
They are the Non-Coronary, Right and Left Coronary Cusps.
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Q38When are the Semilunar Valves open?
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A38The Semilunar Valves open during ventricular systole.
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Q39When are the Atrioventricular Valves closed?
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A39The Atrioventricular Valves close during ventricular systole.
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Q40What are the three main layers of the heart wall?
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A40The three main layers of the heart wall are:Endocardium, Myocardium, and Epicardium
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Q40What type of muscle is the myocardium?
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A40The myocardium is a type of involuntary striated muscle.
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Review: Review: Structural ComponentsStructural Components
of the Heartof the Heart
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Q41Where is the Moderator Band found?
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A41The Moderator Band is found in the right ventricle.
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Q42Where is the Fossa Ovalis found?
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A42The Fossa Ovalis is found in the right atrium.
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Q43What muscular pouch is attached to the left atrium??
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A43The Left Atrial Appendage (or Left Auricle)
is attached to the left atrium.
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Q44What valve lies at the junction of the inferior vena cava
and the right atrium?
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A44The Eustachian Valve is known as the valve of the Inferior Vena Cava
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Q45What are the Chordae Tendineae?
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A45They are tendons within the ventricles that link the mitral and
tricuspid valves to papillary muscles.
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Q46How do the papillary muscles help to open the Atrioventricular
Valves?
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A46The contraction of the papillary muscles helps to open these valves
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Q47How do the papillary muscles help to close the Atrioventricular
Valves?
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A47The relaxation of the papillary muscles helps to close these valves.
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Q48What are some special features of cardiac muscle?
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A48Cardiac muscle is involuntary striated muscle that is highly resistant
to fatigue
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Q49Where does electrical activity begin in the heart?
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A49Electrical Activity is initiated within a group of specialized pacemaker
cells located in the Sinoatrial Node.
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Q50Where is the Sinoatrial Node located?
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A50The Sinoatrial Node is located in the Right Atrium
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End – Review Questions
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