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IASbaba- Revise Culture Related Terms-Part 5

This is the compilation from CCRT and NIOS Hope it helps

Art Form Tribe Key features PlaceChadarBadar Santhal Performing Art Puppetry that tells stories

of Santhal way of life and migrationTerai region ofhimalayas

Saura Saura Painting Similar to Warli but larger andelongated. Natural colors are used

Odisha

Kalaripayattu Martial art One of the oldest fightingsystems in existence

Kerala

Silambam Martial art Weapon based martial art.Uses animal movements of tiger, snake,eagle forms and foot work patterns playsan important role;Kuttuvarasai part of silambam unarmed version

Tamilnadu

Pari-Khanda Rajputs Martial art Sword and shield fighting.Techniques are also used in chau dance

Bihar

Kondapalli dolls Sculpture Made from soft Poniki wood light, flexible and strong.made piece by piece and are stucktogether using an adhesive paste made oftamarind seeds, followed with a coating oflime glue.

Andhrapradesh

Channapatna toys traditional craft that is protected as ageographical indication (GI) under theWorld Trade Organisation.Natural dyes are used to colour the toysand are blended with lac to make lacsticks which are then applied to thefinished wooden objects. This age oldtraditional art dates back to the reign ofTipu Sultan who is said to have invitedPersian artists to teach his artisans thecraft.

Karnataka

Marapachi dolls A male-female/raja-rani dolls usually giftedto bride in marriage. Made from kongutrees.known for their intricate carvings and theelaborate attires that people dress them in.Made in Tirupati

Andhra Pradesh

Tanjavur dolls Included in the Government of IndiaGeographical Indications Registry, thedancing dolls made of wood pulp orpapiermach or clay. They are called sobecause of their bobbing head and body,that are made separately and balancedsuch that the parts oscillate.

Tamilnadu

Matka silk In towns of Maldaand Murshidabad

Matka is an Indian term for roughhandloom silk fabric made from very thickyarns spun out of pierced cocoon in theweft and organzine in warp. The yarns areobtained from short ends of silkfrom Mulberry silkworms (Bombyxmori)and spun by hand without removing thegum (sericin)

West Bengal

Aari Embroidery Handicrafts needle work with beads ormuthai and chain stitch; inspired by thefloral motifs of Mughal period

Kutch, Lucknow,UttarPradesh, Rajasthan,and Delhi

Baluchari Saree Weaving -It is a hand woven saree usingrichly dyed silk, with intricate motifsdepicting Indian mythology woven onto itslarge pallu.

Baluchar,Murshidabad, WestBengal

Lavani / Tamasha Dhangars orshepherds ofSholapur

Maharashtrian folk including song anddance

Maharashtra andkonkan coast.

Kalbelia Kalbelia tribe The dance form consists of swirling,graceful movements that make this dancea treat to behold. Women dance whilemen provide music for the performance.Kalbelia dance and songs are a part ofUNESCOs representative list of IntangibleCultural Heritage of Humanity.Musical instrument used Pungi the oneused by snake charmers

Rajasthan

Bhavai dance It involves tricky balancing acts, right frombalancing seven to nine brass pots on thehead to balancing oneself (along with thepots) on narrow and unstable objects likea glass bottle, brass plate or the edge of asword. The brass pots can, and are often,substituted by an even greater number ofearthen pots.P.S. : A theatrical form of Gujarat is alsocalled Bhavai

Rajasthan

Bhangra Harvest dance energetic and rhythmic performed by both men and women

Punjab

Dandiya Dance using bright colored bamboo stickswhere participants strike the bamboosticks in rhythmic fashion. Dancers goround a drummer usually at the centre ofthe stage

Gujarat

Garba Dance form also originated in Gujarat butuses hand and feet movement;traditionally performed around a holy lamp

Gujarat

Giddha Performed only by women in Punjab.Female counterpart to Bhangra

Punjab

Ghoomar Bhil A traditionally passed folk dance of Mewarof Rajasthan includes rhythmic swirling.Womens dance performed in womengatherings.

Rajasthan

Chari Gujjar Womens dance form depicting collectingof water. Women dance by balancingbrass pots which are kept ignited with thecotton seeds dipped in oil

Rajasthan

Gawari Bhil A dance drama performed by both menand women. Usually performed by troupeswhich travel from one village to another

Rajasthan

Kath Puthli Bhati World famous wooden puppetry ofRajasthan. Wooden puppets are controlledby metal stringsMade of single piece of wood and arecolorfully dressed

Rajasthan

Teratali Kamar Worship of baba ramdev. Bhajans aresung during the performance

Rajasthan

Walar Gharasia Prototype for ghoomar. Performed bywomen

Rajasthan

SutaKhandeiNacha/ Kundhei

String puppet show from GanjamStrings are attached to a triangularwooden propCostumes are similar to Jatraperformances.Puppets have no legs and have long skirtsHave more joints and are therefore moreversatile, articulate and easy to manipulate

Odisha

Baunsa Rani Baunsarani literally means The BambooQueen. Mainly little girls exhibit variousacrobatic postures on the crossed bamboobar as well as on the floor with exquisitescintillating movement synchronized withthe beat of drums and songs.

Odisha

KommuKoya Kommukoya tribe Dance form of Chintoormandal, eastGodavari district

Andhra Pradesh

Daminda Apatani Performed by girls during Dree festival Arunachal PradeshGuravayyalu Kurava Performed by priests. Famous in Kurnool.

Influenced by shaivismAndhra Pradesh

Chikankari Needlework White thread is embroideredon cool, pastel shades of light muslin andcotton garments. Fabric is usually thin elsethe needle would not pierce. Geographicindication provided in 2008

Lucknow,UP

Phulkari Believed to havebeen introduced byJats but practicedby Punjabi women

Needle work -use of darn stitch on thewrong side of coarse cotton cloth withcoloured silken thread. Punjabi womencreated innumerable alluring andinteresting designs and patterns by theirskilful manipulation of the darn stitch.Named based on extent of needle workPhulkari Shawls and head scarfsBagh Work covering the entire fabricAdhabagh scattered work all along thefabric

Punjab

Kantha Needle work Running stitch all along thecloth.Also used in making cushions, quills, bedsetc by stacking old sarees

Birbhum, WestBengal

Patola Intricate tie and dye process where theyarn is dyed before weaving. Also calleddouble ikatPatanPatolaof Gujarat has GI

Originally in Gujarat,also famous inOdisha

Kashida Needlework Kashmiri embroidery Itdraws inspiration from nature. Birds,blossoms and flowers, creepers, chinarleaves, ghobi, mangoes, lotus, and treesare the most common themes.

Kashmir

Kasuthi Believed to bebrought toKarnataka by theLambani tribefollowed by womencourtiers of Mysoredynasty.

involves embroidering very intricatepatterns like gopura, chariot, palanquin,lamps and conch shells on traditional silkand Ilkal sarees.The work is laborious and involvescounting of each thread on the cloth. Thepatterns are stitched without using knots toensure that both sides of the cloth lookalike.Karnataka Handicrafts DevelopmentCorporation holds GI for this art.

Karnataka

Jamdani Jamdani is a fine muslin cloth on whichdecorative motifs are woven on the loom,typically in grey and white. Often a mixtureof cotton and gold thread were/was used.Traditionally woven in Dhaka, BangladeshVenkatagiri in Andhra Pradesh is famousfor this form of weavingIn news as PM Narendra Modi presenteda tapestry depicting Kamadhenu andKalpavriksha to Bangladesh PM SheikhHasina

Venkatagiri, AndhraPradesh

Pattachitra Artists known aschitrakaras with titleMohapatra orMaharana

Painting cloth based scroll painting.Usually Hindu deities Jagannath andvaishnava cult are depictedWoman members prepare the glue, thecanvas and apply colours what we call thefill-in, and give the final lacquer coating.The master hand, mostly the malemember, draws the initial line and givesthe final finishing. Patta paintings are doneon small strips of cotton clothTalapattachitra a variation where palmleaves are used as canvas

Odisha

Kalighat paintings Simple painting form developed aroundKalighat under British patronage by artistscalled patuasUses water colorsPainted with bright colors on clearbackground

West Bengal

Mithila /Madhubani

pictures using vegetable colour and a fewearthen coloursFinished in black lines on cow dungtreated with paperMostly depicts Hindu mythologyMarks seasonal festivals and life eventsIntricate flora, animal and bird motifs areused to fill the gapPassed on from mother to daughter

Mithila of Bihar

Kalamkari Colors Vegetable dyes, plant roots,leaves, salt of iron, tin, copper, alumGets the name from kalam pen asintricate designs are made using penIncludes Hand painting as well as blockpaintingPatronised by Vijayanagar kingdomLegacy from father to sonScenes from mythology are usuallydepicted with floral decorative patterns forembellishmentsInfluence of Persian motifs and designs

Andhra Pradesh

Phad Scroll painting of Bhilwara districtThemes include heroic figures, rural life,animals and birds2D depiction in Bold linesArt form is approximately 700 years old

Rajasthan

Warli Gond and Kol Made mostly by womenPredominantly religiousGeometric patterns like circles, triangles,rectanglesspiral structuring of images is commonWhite color/ rice flour is used on darkbackground

Maharashtra

Minakari Sonar or Sohailcaste of Kshatriyas

Jewellery designing using enamel workArt of coloring and ornamenting thesurface of metals by fusing over it brilliantcolors that are decorated in an intricatedesignGulab mina is famous in Benaras

JaipurDelhiLucknowKangraBenarasKashmir

Bandhni Started by Khatri, akshatriyacommunityin Gujarat

Tie and dye art for cotton fabricsCalled Chungidiin Tamilnadu

RajasthanGujaratTamilnadu

Bidriware Persian art broughtto India byBahamani rulers

Metal art striking inlay artwork,important export handicraft of Indiaprized as a symbol of wealth.The metal used is a blackened alloy ofzinc and copper inlaid with thin sheets ofpure silver. This native art form hasobtained GI

Bidar, Karnataka

Igu Dance Idu Mishmi tribe meaning dance of the Priest, a uniqueritual dance. Igu dance is performed on Reh festival,different ritual acts etc with an aim ofappeasing various spirits for family andsocial well-being and prosperity.Arunachal Pradeshs tableau for RDparade 2015

Arunachal Pradesh

Daang Dangis Kahaiya and Dholki the percussioninstruments besides short shehnai areused in the dance.The men hold their arms round thewomens shoulders and women clasp themen by their waists forming circularformations moving in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions.The women climb on the shoulders of menand form a human pyramid.Performed in RD parade and won firstposition in 2015

Gujarat

Lezim Dance Named after a wooden idiophone to whichthin metal discs are fitted which produce ajingling sound and the dancers use thiswhile dancing.Dholki, a drum instrument is used as themain percussion music.Very rigorous movements

Maharashtra

Mand Folk singing style neither accepted asRaga nor reckoned among freely renderedfolk songs

Rajasthan

Bhatiali a boat song, sung by boatmen while goingdown streams of the river,the word Bhatiyali comes from Bhatameaning ebb or downstream

West Bengal

Ragini Folk song form HaryanaGulraj Folk song form Kashmir

Theyyam popular ritual form of worship of NorthMalabar in KeralaColourful costumes and awe inspiringhead gears with strong colours ofturmeric,wax and aracHead gears are upto 5 -6 feet high

Kerala

Padayani Tinta subsect ofGanaka community

Performance using masksIn honour of bhadrakaliPerformed in bhagavati temples southern variant of theyyamblends music, dance, theatre, satire, facialmasks, and paintings

Kerala

Koli Koli a fishermentribe

Fishermen danceIncludes both men and women. Mendance with fishing oars

Maharashtra

Dhumal Wattal Only the men folk perform this dance onspecific occasions and at set locations.Generally performed with wearing longcolourful robes and tall conical caps,studded with beads and shells.

Jammu andKashmir

HuyenLanglon Martial art consists of 2 formsThang ta armed version uses sword,spear, axe and shieldSaritsarak unarmed version useskicks, hand strikes and grapplingClosely associated with Burmese Bandoor bandshay

Manipur

RasiyaGeet Folk song flourished in BrajPraises of Lord Krishnas charming leelas

Uttar Pradesh

Alha Ballad of BundelkhandHeroic stories of Alha and Udal whoserved Raja Parmal of MajobaHighlights the moral principles of morality,chivalry and nobility

Uttar Pradesh

Hori Songs based on love pranks of Radha-KrishnaSang during Holi celebrations only

Uttar Pradesh

Sohar Songs sung during the birth of male childInfluenced the Muslim families and thetradition is now found among Muslims tooDepicts the mingling of two cultures

Uttar Pradesh

Kajri Sung by women in rainy season on thirdday of bhadraAssociated with a dance involving steps insemi circular motion

Uttar Pradesh

Shakunakhar -Mangalgeet

Prayers for good health and long lifeduring religious and auspicious occasionsof child-birth, baby-showers, ganeshpoojaetc.Sung only by women without anyinstrument

Kumaon

Barahmasa Songs depicting twelve months of the yearDifferent natural entities represent differentmonths of the year

Kumaon

Basanti Spring/ Harvest song which accompaniesthe celebrations of Basant Panchami

Garhwal

GhasiyariGeet Sung by women of hilly areas when theygo to forests to collect grass for cattleEmphasis on importance of labour alongwith entertainment

Garhwal

Pankhida Literally means loverSung by peasants working in fields

Rajasthan

Lotia Sung by women during the festival of LotiaWomen bring water from lakes or ponds inLotasand kalashby decorating them withflowers

Rajasthan

Teej Sung during the festival of Teej on thirdday after new moon in the month ofsharavanaSongs revolve around union of Shiva andParvati

Rajasthan

Pandavani Songs on tales of MahabharataSinger assumes all the characters duringthe ballad accompanying it with hispowerful singing

Chhattisgarh

SukarkeBiah Portrays the picture of common folkAssociated with story of Shukra who callsoff his marriage for the sake of his mother

Bhojpuri region

Mando Slow verse and refrain composition dealingwith love, tragedy and both social injusticeand political resistance during Porutguesepresence

Goa

Chhakri Group song performed using musicalinstruments like noot, rababs, sarangi,tumbaknari

Kashmir

Bhakha Harvest songsRegional music with most melodic andharmonious elements

Jammu

Laman A group performance where girls singingon peak of the hill seldom see the group ofboys who give a reply to them in a songseated on another peak of the hill.Sung especially in Kulu Valley

Himachal Pradesh

Tappa Semi classical vocal music inspired bycamel ridersCharacterised by jumpy and flashy tonalmovements

Punjab

Powada Literally means narration of story inglorious termsOdes in praise of individual heroes,incidents or placeChief narrator is known as Shahir

Maharashtra

Qawwali Originally sung in praise of godBrought from PersiaQawwali performance presents afascinating, interchanging use of solo andchoral modalities

Burrakatha Highly dramatic form of balladSinger plays a tambura while reciting thestoryA famous exponent of the formDarojiEeramma passed away in august2014

Andhra Pradesh

Daskathia Name is derived from a unique instrumentcalled kathi or Ram thali or woodenclappersIt is a form of worship and offering onbehalf of das, the devotee

Odisha

Sana Lamok Sung by a priest at the time of coronationof King or to welcome the KingAlso sung to evoke the spirit ofPakhangba, the presiding deity

Manipur

SaikutiZai Mizo Mizos are known as singing tribeSaikutiZai are songs composed by apoetess Saikuti in praise of warriors

Mizoram

Chai hia Mizo The songs that accompany chai danceperformed during ChapcharKut Festival

Mizoram

VilluPattu Bow songLead singer handles an instrument whichis bow shapedThemes are usually theological andemphasise conquest of good over evil

Tamilnadu

Ammanaivari Song sung in praise of Chola MonarchAmmanai is wooden ball.Women folk sing appropriate songs whileplaying the ball.

Tamilnadu

BhandPather Unique combination of dance, music andacting.Satire, wit and parody are preferred forinducing laughter

Kashmir

Swang Theatre form known for softness ofemotions and accomplishment of rasaLanguage in Rohtak HaryanviLanguage in Haatras Brajbhasha

Rohtak and Haatras

Nautanki Traditional theatre form of Kanpur,Lucknow and HaatrasInitially performed by men only. Nowwomen are also includedGulab Bai of Kanpur gave new dimensionto old theatrical form

Uttar Pradesh

Bhavai Theatrical performance which is partlyentertainment and partly a ritual offeringmade to Goddess Amba.Subtle social criticism laced with pungenthumour is the speciality of Bhavai.P.S. : a dance form of Rajasthan is alsocalled Bhavai

Gujarat

Jatra Musical plays during fairs in honour ofgods, or religious rituals and ceremoniesBorn and nurtured in BengalKrishna Jatra was popularised by Bhaktisaint Chaitanyas influence

West Bengal

Maach Used for both stage and the performanceTraditional theatre form with songs inbetween dialoguesDialogues are called bolRhyme in narration is called vanagTunes are called Rangat

Madhya Pradesh

Bhaona Performance of Assamese classical playscalled AnkiaNaatSutradhar or narrator begins the story inSanskrit and the play continues in Brajbolior Assamese

Assam

Dashavatar Performers personify the ten incarnationsof Lord Vishnu wearing masks of wood orpapiermache

Konkan coast andGoa

Krishnattam Started in 17th Century AD under thepatronage of King Manavada of CalicutCycle of 8 plays performed for eightconsecutive days

Kerala

Mudiyettu Performed in the month of vrischika(November December) in the Kalitemples as an oblation to Goddess

Kerala

Koodiyattam/Kuttiyattam

Oldest traditional theatre form of KeralaBelieved to be the prototype for KathakaliBased on Sanskrit theatre traditionsVidushak alone delivers dialoguesEmphasis on hand gestures and eyemovements

Kerala

Yakshagaana Theatre form based on mythologicalstories known for its costumes and makeup

Karnataka

Therukoothu Literally means street playPerformed at annual temple festivals ofMariamman(Rain Goddess) to achieve richharvestCycle of eight plays based on life ofDraupadi

Tamilnadu

Gombeyatta String puppets(marionettes) styled anddesigned like characters of YakshaganaHave joints at legs, shoulders, elbows, hipsand kneesPuppets are manipulated by 5-7 stringstied to a prop. Sometimes morecomplicated movements are manipulatedby two or more puppeteers

Karnataka

Bommalattam Largest, heaviest and most articulate of alltraditional Indian marionettes.Combine techniques of both rod and stringpuppetsPuppets made of woodStrings for manipulation are attached toiron ring worn round the puppeteers head

Tamil Nadu

TogaluBombeyatta Literally togalu skin/leather bombe dollsShadow puppets made from treatedleatherSmall in size and size varies with socialstatus of characters the puppets portray Larger for kings and smaller for commonpeople and servants

Karnataka

TholuBommalata Shadow puppetryLarge in size with jointed waist, shoulders,elbows and kneesColored on both sides. Hence throwcolored shadows on screen

Andhra Pradesh

Ravanachhaya Shadow puppets of one piece and have nojointsNot colored hence opaque shadowsPuppets are made of deer skinProps such as trees, mountains, chariotsetc are also displayed along with maincharacters

Odisha

PutulNautch Rod puppets made from wood inspiredby Bunrakupuppets of JapanCostumed like actors of Jatra and usuallyhave 3 jointsA bamboo made hub is tied to the waist ofpuppeteer on which rod holding the puppetis placed.Puppeteers manipulating the rods, moveand dance imparting correspondingmovements to the puppets

West Bengal

Yampuri Rod puppets made of woodHave no joints and are made of a singlepiece

Bihar

Pavakoothu Glove puppets costumed as kathakaliperformersHeight varies from 1-2 feetHead and arms are carved of wood andjoined together with thick cloth, cut andstitched into a bag

Kerala

IASbaba- Revise Culture Related Terms-Part 5