Culture
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Transcript of Culture
Culture
Culture/
What is Culture?
4 Stages in the development of early cultures
What is a civilization?
●a society that has shaped its own way of life to satisfy its needs.●people have shaped their own cultural landscape.
●discovery of fire●invention of tools●growth of agriculture (where?)
●use of writing
●a group of people that has developed its culture and technology to include a writing system
How do we look at different cultures in a way that will help
us describe a culture?
ABC’s of CultureUA - Appearance
B - Beliefs C – communication, language, gestures D – dates: history E – entertainment: their arts, crafts, etc. F - food G – government including social rules, kinship, etc. H - housing I–information:education, how knowledge is passed on J – jobs: economic activities – what people do for a living K – kind of environment
X – extra information
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How do cultures change?
What is the most important component for culture change?
●Innovation is a newly developed way of doing things.●diffusion – occurs when an innovation or other culture trait spreads through a society and perhaps into another culture region. (ex.)●acculturation (cultural convergence) – process by which one culture changes through its meeting with another culture. (ex)●cultural divergence – restriction of a culture from outside influences (ex).
●Language.●Language differences slow the process for change (How?)
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What is ethnocentric?
How have cultures changed?
What are people’s basic needs? (4)
What are the three innovations having the greatest impact on Earth’s cultural geography?
●when people feel most comfortable with their own group and they believe that the ways and beliefs of their own culture are the best ones or the only right ones.●Cultures have become more interdependent. They trade and interact with one another more than in the past.
●food●water●shelter●clothing
●farming (development of agriculture)●living in cities (urbanization)●using machinery to make goods (technology)
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What represents the earliest form of acquiring food?
What is the importance of Agriculture?
●hunting and gathering●practice continues today●areas where hunting and gathering continues today are sparsely settled – simple technology – but the culture may be highly complex.
●The domestication of plants/animals had an enormous impact on the physical landscapes as well as on population growth.●It enabled people to establish permanent settlements
- specialization and division of labor developed-small villages developed eventually into large civilizations-complex social institutions also developed.
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What are different types of agriculture?
What is urbanization?
What is industrialization? What were production methods before and after the development of factories?
●subsistence – production of crops for the grower’s own use. Usually, surplus crops are few and used for barter.●commercial – developed as farm technology and has improved output.
●The development of agriculture enabled settlements to grow.●Urbanization is the growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.
●The impact that the development of factories had on workers and machinery would eventually change cultures.
-specialization-higher production levels-lower prices
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Culture and World events
What are major sources of conflict?
●When people feel that their way is better than others this is called ethnocentrism and can lead to cultural conflict.
●Religion●religion affects people’s daily behavior and customs.●Modern examples:
●Nationalism (feelings of loyalty and pride in one’s country)●Positive and negative results of nationalism – positive – creates a source of purpose, pride, and unity. negative – intolerance to other nationalities and justification of wars.
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●Traditional and modern values - the acceptance of culture change in some groups and resistance in others. (ex)
●Politics - the difference in the ways people organize their governments may also be a source of cultural conflict.
What are two major types of governments?
How does economics cause conflict?
●Totalitarian – a society governed by one person and few advisors.●Democratic – a society in which everyone has a voice in the government.
●abundance of resources increases the standard of living (SOL) for some, but limited resources may produce poor areas
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●unequal distribution of wealth may be a source for cultural conflict.●More developed (industrialized) countries have gained wealth by taking valuable resources from nearly poor countries.●Countries with few resources have used military power to take resources from resource-rich countries nearby. (ex)
●The spread of culture traits today is greater that at any other time.●The rapid diffusion of culture traits may also ignite resistance in some groups.
●anthropologists
What is the future for Cultural geography?
What is the name of the social scientists who study humans and human culture?
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World Cultures
What are “material” and “non-material” cultures?
How have anthropologists divided the world into 11 major culture areas?
●A culture’s objects, such as clothing and paintings are part of its “material” culture. ●A culture’s ideas, such as language and religion are part of its “non-material” culture.
●These culture areas are BASED on common cultural traits.●Anglo America ●Africa S. of the Sahara ●Latin America (Sub-Saharan)●Western Europe ●South Asia●Central Europe and ●East Asia Russia ●Southeast Asia●N. Africa and SW Asia ●Australia and NZ●Pacific Islands
Map of world
Anglo America
Latin America
Weste
rn
Euro
pe E. Europe/
Russia
NA/ME
Africa South of the Sahara
Australia/New Zealand
S.
Asia
East Asia
SE Asia
Pacific
Islands
Pacific
Islands