Cultural Evolution Sources of cultural variation Proximal vs Distal Transmitted vs Evoked Biological...
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Transcript of Cultural Evolution Sources of cultural variation Proximal vs Distal Transmitted vs Evoked Biological...
Cultural Evolution
• Sources of cultural variation
• Proximal vs Distal
• Transmitted vs Evoked
• Biological vs Cultural evolution
• How do ideas spread?
• How have cultures been changing?
• Flynn Effect
Sweden – A dichotomous culture
• Ideology: The body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, group, class, or culture
• Ethnotheory: The theories of a culture that inform and influence cultural practices
World cultures and life satisfaction
The Jante Law (Old Scandinavian value system)• “Folk theory” – 10 “commandments” for instilling in children self-
inhibition and conformity• Reflected in current Swedish “personality” traits – humility, lack
of confidence, shyness
1. Du skal ikke tro at du *er* noe.Thou shalt not presume that thou art anyone [important].
2. Du skal ikke tro at du er like saa meget som *oss*.Thou shalt not presume that thou art as good as us.
3. Du skal ikke tro at du er klokere en *oss*.Thou shalt not presume that thou art any wiser than us.
4. Du skal ikke innbille deg du er bedre enn *oss*.Thou shalt never indulge in the conceit of imagining that thou art better than us.
5. Du skal ikke tro du vet mere enn *oss*.Thou shalt not presume that thou art more knowledgeable than us.
The “Jante Law”
6. Du skal ikke tro du er mere enn *oss*.Thou shalt not presume that thou art more than us [in any way].
7. Du skal ikke tro at *du* duger til noe.Thou shalt not presume that that thou art going to amount to anything.
8. Du skal ikke le av *oss*.Thou art not entitled to laugh at us.
9. Du skal ikke tro at noen bryr seg om *deg*.Thou shalt never imagine that anyone cares about thee.
10. Du skal ikke tro at du kan lære *oss* noe.Thou shalt not suppose that thou can teach us anything.
Child’s Rights• Right of inheritance –
regardless of gender• Right to inherit property
from the biological father whether or not parents are married
• Right to be wanted• Right to a healthy
prenatal environment (free prenatal care – ALL Swedes receive)
• Healthy perinatal environment (newborns)
The summer homestuga
• Love of nature and tradition– Scandinavians invented orienteering; hiking,
canoeing, picking berries– Strong ties to farm life– Low power distance; horizontal individualists– Individualism = self-reliance
http://www.odebolt.net/stuga.html
600,000 in SwedenPrivacy essentialCommune with nature
• Individualism through self-development– Retreat to stuga for self-reflection, self-growth– Swedes are individualistic in order to promote personal growth, not gain advantages
over others– Swedes are insular; not as open, or “friendly” toward neighbors
• Equality– Allelamansratt – everyman’s right – camp, walk, canoe anywhere – nature belongs
to everyone– jamlikhet – egalitarianism – High level of feminism
http://www.lodgingcatalog.com
Leisure
More regular exercise, including elderly
No golf carts at courses
People used to walking everywhere
Skiing, Hiking, Camping – “Allelamansratten”
Computer use more popular among youth
Gardening
End of High School celebration – Norway and Sweden