Cubism

Revolution and Influence

What the heck is modernism?

Pre – modern era Modern era

SocietyAgrarian – wealth and labor derived from agriculture and trading. Population centered in rural areas.

Industrial – wealth and labor derived from manufacturing. Population centered in cities.

PoliticsMonarchies and Empires – People ruled by royal families and empires extend beyond national borders.

Revolution – people displace royals with democratic or socialist forms of governments.

ScienceNewton’s Laws – Physical laws are fixed and immutable

Einstein’s Relativity – Not all objects in universe follow Newton’s laws.

PsychologyAssociative – Sensory Input + Repetition = Ideas

Examination of the make-up of personality – Conscious + Unconscious = Self

ArtRealist Approach – art’s value rests in how closely it mirrors nature

Expressive Approach – art’s value rests in how it allows for individual expression

Major Thinkers who epitomized the Modernist Ideal

In physics, Albert Einstein puts forth the idea that electromagnetic waves do not conform to the laws of motion put forth by Isaac Newton. This is part of his Theory of Relativity.

In psychology Sigmund Freud postulates a theory that personality is made up of subjective, interacting layers. Psychoanalysis is the technique Freud developed to treat patients by bringing thoughts buried in the subconscious back into conscious awareness.

Pablo Picasso develops a form of abstract painting that tries to paint all aspects of something simultaneously. This style of painting comes to be known as Cubism because of its shattered, geometric look. Picasso, and others, were trying to represent things as they are not how they look.

Arnold Schoenberg

String Quartet #2

Alfred Jarry

Sergei DiaghilevIgor Stravinsky Vaslav Nijinsky

Le Sacre du printemps

William Bouguereau , Orestes Pursued by the Furies, 1862

Henri Fatin-Latour, The Corner of the Table, 1873

Gustave Courbet, The Painter’s Studio, A Real Allegory, 1855

Edward Manet, Déjeuner sur l'Herbe , 1863

Claude Monet, Japanese Bridge, 1918 - 24

Auguste Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881

Vincent van Gogh, A Starry Night, 1889

Paul Gauguin, The Spirit of the Dead Watching, 1892

Henri Matisse, Le Bonheur de Vivre, 1905

Term for any approach to the arts, whether theoretical, critical or historical, that emphasizes the autonomy or primacy of formal qualities.

In the case of painting, these qualities are usually understood to be compositional elements such as line, value, colour and texture: Robert WilliamsFrom Grove Art Online

Formalism

Henri Matisse, Harmony in Red, 1908

Paul Cezanne

Paul Cezanne, Seated Man, 1906

Pablo Picasso, Self Portrait with Uncombed Hair, 1896

Pablo Picasso, Self Portrait with Uncombed Hair, 1896

Pablo Picasso, Yo, Picasso, 1901

Pablo Picasso, the Old Guitarist, 1904

Pablo Picasso, Les Mademoiselles d’Avignon, 1907

Pablo Picasso, Armistad, 1908

Analytic Cubism

Pablo Picasso, The Guitar Player, 1910

Pablo Picasso, Accordionist, 1911

Pablo Picasso, The Glass, 1911

Pablo Picasso, Pipe, Glass, Bottle of Vieux Marc, 1914

George Braque, Houses at L’Estaque, 1908

George Braque, Large Nude 1908

George Braque, Fishing Boats,1909

Synthetic Cubism

George Braque, Still Life with Violin, 1912

George Braque, Fruit Dish, Ace of Clubs,1913

Pablo Picasso, The Italian Girl, 1917

Pablo Picasso, Still Life with Chair Caning, 1912

George Braque, Bottle of Rum, 1914

Ferdinand Leger, The Four Cyclists, 1908

Ferdinand Leger, Women, 1921

Ferdinand Leger, The Bargeman, 1918

Marcel Duchamp, Portrait of a Chess Player, 1911

Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, 1912

Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase No2, 1912

Robert Delauney, Homage to Bleriot,1914

Robert Delauney, Circular Forms, 1918

Stuart Davis, Untitled, 1945

Stuart Davis, Colonial Cubism, 1954

Jackson Pollock, Number 1, 1950

Cubism’s Influence on Sculpture

Michelangelo, David, 1504 Auguste Rodin, The Thinker, 1880

Pablo Picasso, Guitar, 1912

Pablo Picasso, Mandolin and Clarinet, 1914

Pablo Picasso, Bull, 1943

Antoine Pevsner and Peggy Guggenheim

Naum Gabo, Head no.2, 1916

Naum Gabo, Constructivist Head, 1915

Naum Gabo

Antoine Pevsner, Torso, 1925

Naum Gabo, Construction in Space,

Naum Gabo

Antoine Pevsner, Monde, 1947

Antoine Pevsner, Construction in Space, 1933

Archipenko, Medrano II, 1913

Alexander Rodechenko, Hanging Sculpture, 1920

Vladmir Tatlin, model for Monument, 1919

Raoul Haussmann, Mechanical Head, 1920

Sophie Tauber Arp, Dada Head, 1920

Kurt Schwitters, Merzbrau, 1923 - 36

Kurt Schwitters, Merzbrau, 1923-36

Louise Nevelson, Night Zag, 1971

Louise Nevelson, Sky Cathedral, 1958

Alexander Calder, Lobster Trap and Fish Tail, 1938

Alexander Calder, Mobile, 1941

Joseph Cornell, Object, 1923

Joseph Cornell, analemma, 1950

Tony Smith , Cube XII, 1963

Tony Smith, Pollock’s Indians, 1976

Julio Gonzalez (1876-1942)

Julio Gonzalez (1876-1942)

John Chamberlain, Essex, 1960

John Chamberlain

Mark diSuervo, Hand Pierced with Nail Bed on Wood, 1959

Mark diSuervo, Blubber, 1980

Ji soo Kim, Changmoon and Bal, 1990

Donald Lipski, Good a Gold, 2004

Donald Lipski, Untitled, 1998

Milan Dobes, Constructivist Sculpture

Tony Cragg, Stack, 1975