Ctu 082 Chapter 2 History of Islamic Education
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Transcript of Ctu 082 Chapter 2 History of Islamic Education
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HISTORY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION IN ISLAM
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN ISLAM
FACTORS OF EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION DURING THE LIFE OF PROPHETMUHAMMAD SAW
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING THE REIGN OF THE FOUR RIGHTEOUSCALIPHS AND THE GOLEDEN AGE OF ISLAM
FACTORS OF EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION DURING THE GOLDEN AGE
CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
This chapter
covers :
The concept
ofknowledge
and
education
Classification
of
knowledge
Historical
developmentof
educational
institution
Factors of
islamic
educations
excellence
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THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE AND
EDUCATION IN ISLAM
Knowledge = alilm
= Comprehensive wordwhich covers Allahsknowledge in all matters
Education = tadib
=> A teaching learningprocess
=> Al-Attas(1987)education in Islam is theinculcation of adab
=> Adab includes the
spiritual and material life
of man
Knowledge has beenunderstood into various
meaning:-The Quran
Faith (iman)
Wisdom (hikmah)
Intellect (aql)
Light (nur)
Science
Al-Quran and al-Sunnahconstantly encouraged
the Muslims to seekknowledge and to use
their intellect for thebenefit of all mankind
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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IN ISLAM
Education in early Islam
1stto 4thHijrah
(7-10thcentury)
Education during theMiddle Age or Golden Age
5th-9thHijrah
(11-15thcentury)
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Educational Institution
Mosque as the centre of learning Suffah
Islamic Education During The Period Of Rasulullah
Saw
Education was concerned with recitation and
memorization of the Quran and Hadith. There is not muchdifference between education and preaching. Both are
regard as part of knowledge
Rasulullah was the first teacher of Islam. He dispatch
teachers to outer Madinah. He used to designate hisspecified time exclusively for Muslim womens education.Rasulullah also employed several prisoners of Badar battle
to teach the children of Madinah to read and write.
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Before the establishment of mosque one of the companions house
(al-Arqam) was the first place for learning Islam. After migration to
Madinah (622M) Rasulullah first built a mosque (Mosque Quba). He
taught religious knowledge to his followers and delivered eveninglectures in the mosque.
Function of
mosque duringthe period of
Rasulullah
1. Performing ritual
obligation
2. Centre foradministration
3. Centre for education
4. Place for social
Method of teaching in the mosque
Rasulullah usually sitdown together with
his followers,
gathered in the semi
circle (halaqah)to
learn Quranic
teaching and hadith.
Normally Rasulullah
kept on repeating theimportant words 3
times in his teaching.
He used to show good
examples and never
hurt the feeling of his
audience.
Rasulullah sometimes
requested his companions toteach those who were
illiterate. Beside teaching the
Quran, reading and writing,he also recommended his
followers to learn shooting
arrows, horse-riding,swimming, basic of medicine
and tarannum.
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Rasulullahs mosque in Madinah
had an open space adjoining the
mosque which served as a living-learning centre
Many groups of
students cameforward to rest, pray
and learn about the
recitation of theQuran, hadith
including the related
sciences here
The teachers of thisplace (suffah)
=>Rasulullah sawhimself
=> Those who
appointed by
Rasulullah
SUFFAH
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FACTORS OF EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION
DURING THE LIFE OF RASULULLAH SAW
Thecommandment in
the Quran
Encouragement
from Rasulullah
saw
Individual effort
among the
companions
Influence of the
surrounding
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EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING THE REIGN OF
KHULAFA AL-RASYIDIN
Maktab
&
Kuttab
The
Majalis
Educational
Institution
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Maktab and kuttab refers to
the elementary schools.Maktab=for students from the
age of 7-10years old
Kuttab=after attending to
maktab student will then
proceeded to the kuttab.
Divided into 2:-
1.Kuttab located in the
muallimhouse
2. Kuttab located in the
mosque or other specific place
Curriculum for the maktab.
=> Memorization andrecitation of the Quran study
of poetry, khat, calligraphy,
grammar, horse riding and
swimming
Curriculum for the kuttab.
=> Quranic writing andreading, nahu, sirah, etiquette
etc
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The majalis
(circle ofgathering)
The other main
institution oflearning after the
maktab or kuttab
Presided by a
teacher orprofessor in
various sciences
Learning activities
include:
Majlis
alilm
Majlis al-hukm
Majlis at-
tadris wal
fatwa
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EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING THE
GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM
MosqueJami
(university)Zawiyat
Palaceschools and
literary
salons
Madrasah
(college)
Bayt al-
hikmah,
libraries andbook shops
schools
Hospital and
observatories
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FACTORS OF EXCELLENCE
The
Influence
Of Islamic
Teaching
The encouragement
given by AQ & AS to
pursue knowledge is theprime reason for the
growth of Muslim
scholarship.
There are many verses
emphasize on this effort.
E.g: Quran urged the
Muslim to observe the
universe and utilize it
accordingly for the
interest of human being
Both AQ & AS stimulated
the Muslim to learn
about religious andscientific knowledge to
lead a balanced and
harmonious life
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The Outstanding
Effort Of MuslimScholars And
Scientists InVarious Disciplines
Of Knowledge
Many Muslimgreat figure had
made
impressive
achievement invarious
disciplines ofknowledge
Al-Kindi, al-Khawarizmi, al-Razi, al-Farabi
Ibn Sina,al-
Ghazali etc
Muslimphysicians havedeveloped both
medicine andthe
pharmacology.
In physics al-Hazen
has correctedEuclids and
Ptolemys theory
inserting thatvision comes fromthe impact of light
rays
Al-Khawarizmi=laid
a foundation ofalgebra
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The Role Of Bayt
Al-Hikmah And
Translation Works
One stop centre for
teaching and
learning
Centre for
translation ofvarious disciplines
of knowledge
Centre for
discussions anddebate about
knowledge
Centre for
academic gathering
and research
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The contribution ofthe caliphs andMuslim scholars
towards knowledge
have influence the
widespread ofintellectual activities.
The Muslim and nonMuslim students from
the East and West
countries are welcomedto seek various
disciplines of knowledge
and made research in
these universities andsometimes were offered
the scholarship by theCaliphs.
The
Widespread
Of Intellectual
Activities The Muslimsuniversities In
Baghdad, Cordobaand Egypt had
successfully spread
the intellectualactivities throughout
the world
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CONCLUSION