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CTTT 2008 - Teaching translation: language and technology CTTT 2008 - Teaching translation: language and technology Braga, Portugal, June 23-27, 2008 Braga, Portugal, June 23-27, 2008
Terminology ManagementTerminology Management
Assoc Prof Frank AustermühlAssoc Prof Frank Austermühl
Centre for Translation and Interpreting StudiesCentre for Translation and Interpreting Studies
The University of AucklandThe University of Auckland
[email protected]@auckland.ac.nz
22
Before we Begin …Before we Begin …
Terminology Management = Knowledge Management• Empowerment, Quality, ROI
Searching & Evaluating
Integration• Teaching terminology (theory and management) as part of
LSP translation practice courses• Teaching terminology and LSP translation principles as part
of CAT/documentation courses• Teaching terminology and LSP translation principles as part
of contextual studies courses
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Overview09.30 – 11:0009.30 – 11:00 I. Basic Principles of Terminology Management (Lecture)I. Basic Principles of Terminology Management (Lecture)
11:30 – 13:0011:30 – 13:00 II. Computer-based Terminology Management: Workflow, Concept II. Computer-based Terminology Management: Workflow, Concept
Systems, Termbase Creation (Workshop)Systems, Termbase Creation (Workshop)
14:00 – 15:45 and 16:15 – 17:0014:00 – 15:45 and 16:15 – 17:00 III. Computer-based Terminology Management: Developing, Filling, III. Computer-based Terminology Management: Developing, Filling,
and Manipulating Termbases in MultiTerm, Word, Workbench and Manipulating Termbases in MultiTerm, Word, Workbench (Workshop) (Workshop)
17:00 – 18:0017:00 – 18:00 IV. Tool Assessment, Quality Assurance, Standards (Lecture and IV. Tool Assessment, Quality Assurance, Standards (Lecture and
Q&A)Q&A)
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Part I: Basic Principles of Part I: Basic Principles of Terminology ManagementTerminology Management
• What is Terminology? Terminography?What is Terminology? Terminography?• GPL vs SPL )or LGP and LSP)GPL vs SPL )or LGP and LSP)• SPL/LSP and TranslationSPL/LSP and Translation• What is Terminology? Terminography?What is Terminology? Terminography?• What is it not?What is it not?• What is Phraseology?What is Phraseology?• Functions and Objectives of TerminologyFunctions and Objectives of Terminology• On Concepts, Designations, and TermsOn Concepts, Designations, and Terms
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
1) Terminology = Terminology Studies1) Terminology = Terminology StudiesThe “scholarly study of the concepts and terms found in The “scholarly study of the concepts and terms found in special languages” (Wright, Budin 1997:327).special languages” (Wright, Budin 1997:327).
2) Terminology = Nomenclature2) Terminology = NomenclatureA set of “standardized” terms of a specific domain (i.e. A set of “standardized” terms of a specific domain (i.e. a nomenclature)a nomenclature)
3) 3) Terminology = Specialized VocabularyTerminology = Specialized VocabularyA set of all terms (i.e. specialized words and word A set of all terms (i.e. specialized words and word combinations), standardized or not, belonging to a combinations), standardized or not, belonging to a specific domainspecific domain
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
1) Terminology = Terminology Studies1) Terminology = Terminology StudiesTerminology science is the subject field that investigates the Terminology science is the subject field that investigates the structure, formation, development, usage and management of the structure, formation, development, usage and management of the terminologies in various subject fields, and that prepares the terminologies in various subject fields, and that prepares the methodological foundation for many applications. (UNESCO 3). methodological foundation for many applications. (UNESCO 3). … … the study and the field of activity concerned with the collection, the study and the field of activity concerned with the collection, description, processing and presentation of terms. (Sager (1990:2)description, processing and presentation of terms. (Sager (1990:2)… … the scholarly study of the concepts and terms found in special the scholarly study of the concepts and terms found in special languages” (Wright, Budin 1997:327)languages” (Wright, Budin 1997:327)
2) Terminology = Nomenclature2) Terminology = NomenclatureSet of “standardized” terms of a specific domainSet of “standardized” terms of a specific domainSystem of terms which is elaborated according to pre-established System of terms which is elaborated according to pre-established naming rules. (ISO 1087:1990)naming rules. (ISO 1087:1990)
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
Terminology = Specialized VocabularyTerminology = Specialized Vocabulary
Set of all Set of all termsterms (i.e. specialized words and word (i.e. specialized words and word combinations), standardized or not, belonging to a combinations), standardized or not, belonging to a specific domainspecific domain
Terminology: “set of Terminology: “set of designationsdesignations belonging to one belonging to one special language” (ISO 1087-1:2000)special language” (ISO 1087-1:2000)
Designation: “representation of a Designation: “representation of a conceptconcept by a sign by a sign which denotes it.which denotes it.
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
Terminology Scholarly study of the concepts and terms found in
special languages
Terminography Acquisition, compilation and management of terms”
(L’Homme 2004:15) The recording, processing and presentation of
terminological data acquired by terminological research“ (Wright, Budin 1997:327)
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
Lexicology Wissenschaft vom Wortschatz (DIN 2342) The study of words, the relations between words (i.e.
semantical relations), and the whole lexicon (Wikipedia))
Lexicography The act of writing dictionaries (Wordnet Princeton) Die geordnete Darstellung von Wortschatz auf der
Grundlage der in der Lexikologie gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sowie die Lehre von der Darstellung des Wortschatzes. (DIN 2342)
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
Phraseology Set of fixed (or nearly fixed) phrases (i.e. a
combination of at least to LSP elements) of a discipline (see Arntz, Picht, Meyer 2004:34)
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – Terminology and TranslationTerminology and Translation
LSP and LPG Terminology and LPS General functions of terminology Translation-specific functions and objectives of
Terminology
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – Terminology and TranslationTerminology and Translation
LSP and LGPLSP and LGP Language for Special Purposes (LSP), or Special purpose
language (SPL) or Specialized Language means the language used by expert communities with a greater or smaller share of terminology and domain-specific linguistic conventions.
LSP used in specialized communication, implemented in texts (oral and written)
Horizontal vs. vertical organization of specialized communication• Internal, interdisciplinary, external
Terminology as „compressed specialized texts“ (Schmitt 2006:303)
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – Terminology and TranslationTerminology and Translation
LSP and TerminologyLSP and Terminology Terminology crucial wherever and whenever domain-Terminology crucial wherever and whenever domain-
specific information and knowledge is:specific information and knowledge is:
- generated (e.g. in research and development);generated (e.g. in research and development);
- used (e.g. in specialized texts);used (e.g. in specialized texts);
- recorded and processed (e.g. in databases);recorded and processed (e.g. in databases);
- passed on (via training and teaching);passed on (via training and teaching);
- implemented (e.g. in technology and knowledge implemented (e.g. in technology and knowledge transfer); transfer);
- translated and interpreted. (UNESCO 2)translated and interpreted. (UNESCO 2)
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – Terminology and TranslationTerminology and Translation
General Functions of Terminology Basic elements carrying meaning in domain
communication Ordering of scientific-technical knowledge at the level
of concepts Access to other representations of specialized
information and knowledge (Infoterm “Standing”)
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – Terminology and TranslationTerminology and Translation
Translation-specific Functions of Terminology Provide: CKU
• Context, Knowledge, Usage Ensure CCU:
• Correct, Consistent, Unambiguous Allow XS:
• Access to Specialized Information, to Specialized Communities
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
Concepts and DesignationsConcepts and Designations
In specialized communication—whether written or In specialized communication—whether written or spoken—concepts constitute the smallest units spoken—concepts constitute the smallest units used to communicate specialized knowledge and used to communicate specialized knowledge and information. (Galinski and Picht 1997:42)information. (Galinski and Picht 1997:42)
The units can be represented by verbal terms, The units can be represented by verbal terms, nonverbal signs, alphanumeric characters or nonverbal signs, alphanumeric characters or character strings, and a variety of hybrid forms. character strings, and a variety of hybrid forms. (ibid.)(ibid.)
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
ConceptConcept• Mental image, abstraction of one “thing,” i.e. one object Mental image, abstraction of one “thing,” i.e. one object
(individual concept)(individual concept)• Mental grouping of a number of different objects based Mental grouping of a number of different objects based
on shared properties (general concept)on shared properties (general concept)• Concepts are “pre-language”Concepts are “pre-language”
DesignationDesignation• Representation of a concept through image, sign, Representation of a concept through image, sign,
formula, number, code, term …formula, number, code, term …• Attributed to a concept by the members of a special Attributed to a concept by the members of a special
language communitylanguage community
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
TermTerm Verbal designation of a conceptVerbal designation of a concept Sometimes: term = concept + designationSometimes: term = concept + designation Terminological Unit (see next slide)Terminological Unit (see next slide)
DefinitionDefinition Verbal description of a conceptVerbal description of a concept
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I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
• Terminological UnitsTerminological Units• Single-word termsSingle-word terms• Compound or Multiword termsCompound or Multiword terms
• Nominal multiword term (Noun Phrases)Nominal multiword term (Noun Phrases)
• Set phrasesSet phrases• Collocations (“run a queryCollocations (“run a query• Standard Texts (Boilerplate Texts)Standard Texts (Boilerplate Texts)• Abbreviated FormsAbbreviated Forms• Canonical Forms Canonical Forms
• (no capitalization, singular form, unless)(no capitalization, singular form, unless)• no articles, gender as attribute, verb as Infinitive (no “to”)no articles, gender as attribute, verb as Infinitive (no “to”)• Spoken form (electronic), inverted, permuted (print)Spoken form (electronic), inverted, permuted (print)
2020
I. Basic Principles I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of TerminologyThe Terminology of Terminology
Descriptive TerminographyDescriptive Terminography• Document all terms send to designate the Document all terms send to designate the
concepts treated in a single discipline”concepts treated in a single discipline”• It is not the purpose of this kind of terminology It is not the purpose of this kind of terminology
management to prescribe usage, but rather to management to prescribe usage, but rather to document all the terms that occur or are document all the terms that occur or are suggested for a concept” (Wright 1997:18)suggested for a concept” (Wright 1997:18)
Systematic vs Ad-hocSystematic vs Ad-hoc• Teaching vs. practiceTeaching vs. practice
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I. Basic Principles – I. Basic Principles – Concept SystemsConcept Systems
Types of Concept RelationsTypes of Concept Relations
• HierarchicalHierarchical• GenericGeneric• Partitive (meronymic)Partitive (meronymic)
• Non-hierarchical Non-hierarchical • SequentialSequential• FunctionalFunctional• AssociativeAssociative
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I. Basic Principles – I. Basic Principles – Concept SystemsConcept Systems
Generic Concept System (Tree Diagram)Generic Concept System (Tree Diagram)
Printer
ink-jet printer Laser printermatrix printer
color laser printer
black and white laser printer
g
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I. Basic Principles – I. Basic Principles – Concept SystemsConcept Systems
Partitive Concept System (Bracket Diagram)Partitive Concept System (Bracket Diagram)
laser printer
fuserphoto-
receptordeveloper
rollerdischarge
lampcorona
wireetc.
p
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I. Basic Principles – I. Basic Principles – Concept SystemsConcept Systems
• Sequential/Functional Concept System Sequential/Functional Concept System (Flow Chart)(Flow Chart)
Source: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/laser-printer1.htm
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I. Basic Principles – I. Basic Principles – Concept SystemsConcept Systems
• Associative Concept System (Mind Map)Associative Concept System (Mind Map)
ink
color drum
paper
toner
printing
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I. Basic Principles – I. Basic Principles – Concept SystemsConcept Systems
Superordinate ConceptSuperordinate Concept• printerprinter
TermTerm• ink-jet printerink-jet printer
Subordinate ConceptsSubordinate Concepts• bubble-jet printerbubble-jet printer
Coordinate ConceptCoordinate Concept• laser printerlaser printer• matrix printermatrix printer• full-color documentfull-color document
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II. Terminology Management – II. Terminology Management – Forms and PhasesForms and Phases
Main Phases of Terminography:Main Phases of Terminography:1.1. Planning (Concept Systems)Planning (Concept Systems)2.2. Database Creation Database Creation
Creating Databases, Defining Entry StructuresCreating Databases, Defining Entry Structures
3.3. Searching and EvaluatingSearching and EvaluatingDIY CorpusDIY Corpus
4.4. ManagingManagingEntering Data, Retrieving Data, Modifying Data …Entering Data, Retrieving Data, Modifying Data …
5.5. PublicationPublication
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II. Terminology Management – II. Terminology Management – Terminology ProjectTerminology Project
(1)(1) Identification of discipline / sub-disciplineIdentification of discipline / sub-discipline(2)(2) Creation of concept system, identification of sub-concept system Creation of concept system, identification of sub-concept system
(abstraction system, content system, chronological approach, etc.)(abstraction system, content system, chronological approach, etc.)(3)(3) Creation of folder structure for sub-discipline, texts and graphicsCreation of folder structure for sub-discipline, texts and graphics(4)(4) Retrieving of parallel texts (DIY corpus)Retrieving of parallel texts (DIY corpus)(5)(5) Solving specific terminological problems (using online, offline Solving specific terminological problems (using online, offline
sources, and DIY corpus)sources, and DIY corpus)(6)(6) Create Termbase with MultiTermCreate Termbase with MultiTerm(7)(7) Enter data (-> Termbase)Enter data (-> Termbase)(8)(8) Combine terms, and sub-concept systemsCombine terms, and sub-concept systems(9)(9) Publish glossaries (print, online)Publish glossaries (print, online)(10)(10) Use termbase (Word, Workbench)Use termbase (Word, Workbench)
3030
Phase 1Phase 1
• Terminology PlanningTerminology Planning
• Create a concept system (“Computer System”)Create a concept system (“Computer System”)
3131
applicationapplication cameracamera cachecache CD-WORMCD-WORM compact disccompact disc computercomputer CPUCPU DRAMDRAM DVDDVD floppyfloppy global-area networkglobal-area network hard diskhard disk hardwarehardware ink-jet printerink-jet printer inputinput InternetInternet keyboardkeyboard laser printerlaser printer LCD screenLCD screen local-area networklocal-area network speakerspeaker
matrix printermatrix printer microphonemicrophone monitormonitor mousemouse networknetwork operating systemoperating system outputoutput plotterplotter printerprinter processingprocessing QwertyQwerty RAMRAM ROMROM scannerscanner softwaresoftware storagestorage systems softwaresystems software transfertransfer USB stickUSB stick WLANWLAN WordWord
3333
Phase 1Phase 1
• Computer-based Terminology ManagementComputer-based Terminology Management
• Create a MultiTerm databaseCreate a MultiTerm database
3434
Types of Terminology ManagementTypes of Terminology Management
• File cards• Lists in word processors (e.g. WinWord or Word
Perfect)• Spreadsheets (e.g. Excel or 1,2,3)• Database management systems (e.g. MS
Access)• Terminology management systems
• Integrated (e.g. crossTerm, Déjà Vu)
• Hybrid (Integrated or Stand-alone): MultiTerm
• Stand-alone: Look Up
3535
Phase 2Phase 2
• Database CreationDatabase Creation
• What data is to be stored in the database?What data is to be stored in the database?
• How should the information be displayed?How should the information be displayed?
3636
The Terminological Data Entry – The Terminological Data Entry – Basic CategoriesBasic Categories
• Linguistic (designation-specific)Linguistic (designation-specific)• Encyclopedic (concept-specific)Encyclopedic (concept-specific)• TranslationalTranslational• AdministrativeAdministrative
3737
The Importance of Terminology The Importance of Terminology ManagementManagement
TMSEncyclopedic
DataLinguistic
Data
Translational Data
Administrative Data
3939
A Terminological Entry - ExampleA Terminological Entry - Example
AuthorAuthorProjectProjectSubjectSubject
English (Source)English (Source)Definition (Source)Definition (Source)SeeSee
Portuguese (Source)Portuguese (Source)
ImageImage
4040
File card box Object type Database/File
File card Object Data set / record
Line Object attribute Data field
Basis Database ElementsBasis Database Elements
4141
Database Design Questions Database Design Questions
• What objects are to be described?• Terms
• How can these objects be described?• English designation, image, gender, pronunciation, …
• Definition of data fields• English, Portuguese, Definition, Image, Collocation, ….
• Definition of data field type• Text, Media, Attribute, …
• Definition of field attributes• Gender -> m., n., f.
• Subject Area: Law, Medicine, Telecom, …
4242
MS Access – Basic ElementsMS Access – Basic Elements
• Table – Central 'data collection structure'Table – Central 'data collection structure'
• Form – Input and display of dataForm – Input and display of data
• Query – Retrieve data, create glossariesQuery – Retrieve data, create glossaries
• Report – Print dataReport – Print data
• Macros/Modules – Automate routine proceduresMacros/Modules – Automate routine procedures
4343
(1) Create a new (empty) database (with our without Wizard)
(2) Chose file name
(3) Create new table in design view
(4) Enter field names
(5) Define data field types
(6) Define field attributes
(7) Describe fields
(8) Define primary key
(9) Save design
(10) Create form (AutoForm)
Steps in Creating a Database Steps in Creating a Database with MS Accesswith MS Access
4444
MS Access – Advanced FeaturesMS Access – Advanced Features
• Queries (data selection, filtering)Queries (data selection, filtering)- DesignDesign
- RunRun
• Reports (printing glossaries)Reports (printing glossaries)
• Access / Word cooperationAccess / Word cooperation
• HTML outputHTML output
• Importing data (e.g. from Excel)Importing data (e.g. from Excel)
4545
TaskTask
• Database CreationDatabase Creation
• Create a MultiTerm DatabaseCreate a MultiTerm Database
4747
Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Termbase Definition 1/2Termbase Definition 1/2
• Termbase / Create Termbase• Select Folder (TDB)• Start Termbase Wizard• Select Option 1 “Create a new termbase definition
from scratch”• Enter Termbase Name• Add/Remove Working Languages/Index Fields
(“Portuguese,” “Spanish”)• Add Descriptive Fields: Author, Project, Subject,
Source, Definition, Link, Image
4848
Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Termbase Definition 2/2Termbase Definition 2/2
• Modify Properties for “Source” (Picklist) Modify Properties for “Source” (Picklist)
• Add “Hardware” and “Software” to PicklistAdd “Hardware” and “Software” to Picklist• Modify Properties for “Image” (Multimedia File)Modify Properties for “Image” (Multimedia File)• Create Entry StructureCreate Entry Structure
• Entry Level: Author, Project, Subject, ImageEntry Level: Author, Project, Subject, Image
• Index Level: DefinitionIndex Level: Definition
• Term Level: LinkTerm Level: Link
All That for Nothing ???All That for Nothing ???
4949
Creating a Database with MultiTerm Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Creating an Input Model 1/2– Creating an Input Model 1/2
• Entry / Input Models …Entry / Input Models …• Create …Create …• Start Input Model WizardStart Input Model Wizard• Enter Input Model NameEnter Input Model Name• Right-click on “Entry level”Right-click on “Entry level”
• Add Entry Level Fields: Author, Project, Subject, Add Entry Level Fields: Author, Project, Subject, English, Portuguese, ImageEnglish, Portuguese, Image
• Right-click on “English”Right-click on “English”
• Add Fields: DefinitionAdd Fields: Definition• Right-click on “Term” (for English)Right-click on “Term” (for English)
• Add Fields: Source. LinkAdd Fields: Source. Link• Repeat Last 2 steps for PortugueseRepeat Last 2 steps for Portuguese
5050
Creating a Database with MultiTerm Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Creating an Input Model 2/2– Creating an Input Model 2/2
• Enter “Default Content” for “Author” and “Project”Enter “Default Content” for “Author” and “Project”• Select Default Value for “Subject”Select Default Value for “Subject”• Click “Preview”Click “Preview”• (Modify Input Model if Needed)(Modify Input Model if Needed)• Click “Next” and “Finish”Click “Next” and “Finish”• Select New Input Model and Click “OK”Select New Input Model and Click “OK”
Still nothing !!!Still nothing !!!
• F3F3
5151
Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Adding Entries et al.• Some Shortcuts …
• Entry / Add OR F3 • Add (1) CPU and Central Processing Unit, (2)Central Unit• Add Definition for (1)
• Save Field: Enter
• Save Entry: F10
• Cancel Editing: Shift+Esc• Some Goodies …
• Adding Pictures
• Adding Cross References
• Adding Hyperlinks• Made a Mistake?
• Termbase / Modify Termbase Definition
• Entry / Input Models / Edit
5252
TaskTask
• Add your terms to database (see next slide for Add your terms to database (see next slide for term entry conventions)term entry conventions)
5353
Part I: Terminology – Basic Concepts
• Terminological UnitsTerminological Units• Single-word termsSingle-word terms• Compound or Multiword termsCompound or Multiword terms
• Nominal multiword term (Noun Phrases)Nominal multiword term (Noun Phrases)• Set phrasesSet phrases• Collocations (“run a queryCollocations (“run a query• Standard Texts (Boilerplate Texts)Standard Texts (Boilerplate Texts)• Abbreviated FormsAbbreviated Forms• Canonical Forms Canonical Forms
• (Capitalization, Singular Form)(Capitalization, Singular Form)• Articles, Gender, Verb (Infinitive, no “to”)Articles, Gender, Verb (Infinitive, no “to”)• Spoken form (electronic), inverted, permuted (print)Spoken form (electronic), inverted, permuted (print)
5454
Part III: WorkshopPart III: Workshop
• Searching and evaluating terminological data
• Adding data to termbase
• Exporting and importing data (exchanging)
5656
Terminology Mining – Terminology Mining – Sources and Origins of Internet DocsSources and Origins of Internet Docs
• Private individualsPrivate individuals Everybody can (and will) publish!Everybody can (and will) publish!
• Government agenciesGovernment agencies E-Governing, general information (e.g. on environmental issues, E-Governing, general information (e.g. on environmental issues,
sources of official terminology)sources of official terminology)• Private companies Private companies
Company and industry info (white papers), product information, Company and industry info (white papers), product information, Advertisement, press releases, annual reports, glossariesAdvertisement, press releases, annual reports, glossaries
• MediaMedia News, reports, archives (free for 14 days -> pay-per-article)News, reports, archives (free for 14 days -> pay-per-article)
• International organizationsInternational organizations White papers, subject information, databases, multilingual sitesWhite papers, subject information, databases, multilingual sites
• Universities and research institutesUniversities and research institutes Scholarly publicationsScholarly publications
• Specialized databasesSpecialized databasesCosts!Costs!
5757
Search Scenarios for Search Scenarios for Translators and InterpretersTranslators and Interpreters
• Background informationBackground informationGetting acquainted with a subject, acquiring basic Getting acquainted with a subject, acquiring basic
understanding, parallel acquiring of encyclopedic and understanding, parallel acquiring of encyclopedic and linguistic knowledge (language: A or B)linguistic knowledge (language: A or B)
Articles in encyclopedias, introduction to XXXArticles in encyclopedias, introduction to XXX• Parallel textParallel text
Acquiring of active linguistic expertiseAcquiring of active linguistic expertiseTypical, idiomatic, discipline-specific terminology and Typical, idiomatic, discipline-specific terminology and
phraseologyphraseology• GlossariesGlossaries
Terminological knowledgeTerminological knowledgeTerms and definitionsTerms and definitions
• Specific research questionsSpecific research questionsDefinition of YYYDefinition of YYYFrequency of usage (acceptance check)Frequency of usage (acceptance check)Text type conformityText type conformity
5858
Internet Search Strategies I/IIInternet Search Strategies I/II
Institutional / Generic Search• Online Newspapers and Archives• Online Encyclopedias• International Organization• Companies
Thematic Search (Subject Trees)• Librarians' Internet Index (http://lii.org/)
Keyword Search (Search Engines)• Google
Use advanced search options !
5959
Search Strategies and Search Strategies and Terminology SourcesTerminology Sources
Institutional SearchInstitutional Search
• Go to expert website (hp.com)Go to expert website (hp.com)
• Use site-internal search engine (glossary, Use site-internal search engine (glossary, printing)printing)
• Alt: Google Nesting (Alt: Google Nesting (glossar OR lexikon glossar OR lexikon site:bmw.de)site:bmw.de)
6060
Search Engine Algebra - GeneralSearch Engine Algebra - General
• + = Inclusion (Boolean AND, all the words)+ = Inclusion (Boolean AND, all the words)• - = Exclusion (Boolean NOT) - = Exclusion (Boolean NOT) • " ... " = Phrase search (AS IS)" ... " = Phrase search (AS IS)• OR (any of the words)OR (any of the words)----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- • ~ Related Keywords~ Related Keywords• NEARNEAR• ADJ (adjacent)ADJ (adjacent)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Search combinations ('nesting')Search combinations ('nesting')
• e.g. printer AND (glossary OR dictionary)e.g. printer AND (glossary OR dictionary)
6161
Search Engine Algebra – Google 1/2Search Engine Algebra – Google 1/2
+ = enforcer (sg. vs. pl; include common words; + = enforcer (sg. vs. pl; include common words; all vs all or or)all vs all or or)
- = Exclusion (Boolean NOT) - = Exclusion (Boolean NOT) " ... " = Phrase search (AS IS)" ... " = Phrase search (AS IS) OR (any of the words)OR (any of the words) ~ Related Keywords (~printer)~ Related Keywords (~printer) * Separated by one or more words (printer * * Separated by one or more words (printer *
driver)driver)
6262
Search Engine Algebra – Google 2/2Search Engine Algebra – Google 2/2
define: Lists definitions of term (e.g. from define: Lists definitions of term (e.g. from Wordnet, Wikipedia, etc.)Wordnet, Wikipedia, etc.)
allintitle: All keywords appear in title of webpage allintitle: All keywords appear in title of webpage (allintitle:glossary printing)(allintitle:glossary printing)
site: Search only on specified website (printer site: Search only on specified website (printer site:hp.com)site:hp.com)
Link: Find pages that link to specified webpage Link: Find pages that link to specified webpage (link:http://isg.urv.es/cttt/minho_2008/)(link:http://isg.urv.es/cttt/minho_2008/)
6363
Search Strategies and Search Strategies and Terminology SourcesTerminology Sources
• Glossaries
• Definitions
• Images
• Parallel Texts
• Reference Works
• Online Databases• http://iate.europa.eu
6464
Search Strategies and Search Strategies and Terminology SourcesTerminology Sources
GlossariesGlossaries
• Google Advanced SearchGoogle Advanced Search• +glossar +site:hp.com +glossar +site:hp.com • See: Language settingSee: Language setting• See OR Search (glosario, diccionario, lexicon)See OR Search (glosario, diccionario, lexicon)
6565
Search Strategies and Search Strategies and Terminology SourcesTerminology Sources
DefinitionsDefinitions
• GoogleGoogle• define:”ink-jet printer”define:”ink-jet printer”
• +"inkjet printer" +"what is“+"inkjet printer" +"what is“
• +"inkjet printer" +"how does * work"+"inkjet printer" +"how does * work"
6767
Search Strategies and Search Strategies and Terminology SourcesTerminology Sources
Parallel Texts / Papers / Textbooks
• Via magazine/newspaper archivesVia magazine/newspaper archives
• guardian.co.uk
• pcworld.com
• Google Scholar Google Scholar
• Amazon‘s A9Amazon‘s A9
• The Invisible WebThe Invisible Web
6868
Hot or Not? – Hot or Not? – Evaluating Internet DocumentsEvaluating Internet Documents
Author's credentialsAuthor's credentials Document preparation process and its Document preparation process and its
presentationpresentation Meta information and links to the documentMeta information and links to the document Accuracy and timeliness of the document’s Accuracy and timeliness of the document’s
contentcontent
3? - Up-to-date, Mother Tongue, Expert3? - Up-to-date, Mother Tongue, Expert Double-checking with trustworthy sourcesDouble-checking with trustworthy sources
6969
Building Electronic CorporaBuilding Electronic Corpora
Downloading Internet filesDownloading Internet files File formatsFile formats
• HTML, PDF, DOCHTML, PDF, DOC Retrieval programsRetrieval programs
• Google Desktop, MS Desktop Search, SE RapidGoogle Desktop, MS Desktop Search, SE Rapid
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Using Info RapidUsing Info Rapid
BackgroundBackground Selecting search foldersSelecting search folders Defining file typesDefining file types Simple searchesSimple searches Using Boolean operatorsUsing Boolean operators Opening original applications (F9)Opening original applications (F9)
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Phase 5Phase 5
PublicationPublication
• Glossary (in MS Word)Glossary (in MS Word)
• Dictionary (RTF Export)Dictionary (RTF Export)
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Co-operation with MS WordCo-operation with MS Word
From MultiTerm to WordFrom MultiTerm to Word
From Word to MultiTermFrom Word to MultiTerm
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Co-operation with WorkbenchCo-operation with Workbench
From MultiTerm to WordFrom MultiTerm to Word
From Word to MultiTermFrom Word to MultiTerm
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The Trados Environment –SetupThe Trados Environment –Setup
Opening necessary applications and filesOpening necessary applications and files Retrieving sentences (from Translator's Retrieving sentences (from Translator's
Workbench)Workbench) Looking up terminology (with MultiTerm and Looking up terminology (with MultiTerm and
Translator's Workbench)Translator's Workbench) Reviewing and finalizing your translationReviewing and finalizing your translation
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The Trados Environment – Opening The Trados Environment – Opening Necessary Applications and FilesNecessary Applications and Files
MultiTerm: create/open TBMultiTerm: create/open TB Translator's Workbench: create/open TMTranslator's Workbench: create/open TM MS Word: Access Workbench functions and MS Word: Access Workbench functions and
MultiTerm database through the Trados toolbarsMultiTerm database through the Trados toolbars
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Looking up Terminology I/IILooking up Terminology I/II
Activate automatic terminology recognition in Activate automatic terminology recognition in Workbench (Options menu) Workbench (Options menu)
Recognised terms in MultiTerm are highlighted Recognised terms in MultiTerm are highlighted in the Workbench window with a red line in the Workbench window with a red line
In TM window, click on the desired term to In TM window, click on the desired term to display equivalent in the right-hand side windowdisplay equivalent in the right-hand side window
Paste the equivalent directly into the target text Paste the equivalent directly into the target text by clicking the corresponding Term button by clicking the corresponding Term button (previous, current or next)(previous, current or next)
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Looking up Terminology II/IILooking up Terminology II/II
Retrieving recognized terminology in TM Retrieving recognized terminology in TM through the concordance functionthrough the concordance function
Select the individual term or expression you Select the individual term or expression you want to check in Word and click the want to check in Word and click the Concordance buttonConcordance button
The Concordance Browser window opens: The Concordance Browser window opens: select term/expression, copy it to the select term/expression, copy it to the clipboard and paste it into Wordclipboard and paste it into Word
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IV. Tool AssessmentIV. Tool Assessment
Criteria for Evaluating TDBMS• Technical
Platforms and operating systems, Networkable, Multimedia support
• Terminological Task suitability, Free vs defined entry structure
• User Interface Task suitability
• Organizational Multilingual, Term Interchange, Integration, Publication,
Dictionaries
• Economic Software, Additional Tools, Support
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Criteria for Selection of Terminology Management Systems
• Seamless input of data• Scalable data views• Fast, easy-to-use and extensive retrieval features• Quick-search mode• Easy import of existing data• Cooperation with word processing software (both
ways)• Various export and printing option• Multimedia capability• Price