CTA/ASTRI: stato, problemi, opportunita - …rifatto/sait_2013/Pareschi_ASTRI.pdfGiovanni Pareschi...

Giovanni Pareschi – Bologna 8 maggio 2013

CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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CTA/ASTRI:

stato, problemi, opportunita ̀

Giovanni Pareschi

INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

on behalf of the ASTRI Collaboration

CTA/ASTRI:

stato, problemi, opportunita ̀

Giovanni Pareschi

INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera

on behalf of the ASTRI Collaboration

*


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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The current VHE status

MAGIC (2x17m)

VERITAS (4x12m)


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

Mirror diam. 17 m

Coll. Area 240 m2

Focal length 17.5 m

FOV about 3 deg

Ang res. (d90) < 3‘

The MAGIC telescopes


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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TeV Sources

(a) The current catalog of VHE g-ray sources

plotted on the sky in Galactic coordinates.

(b) The H.E.S.S. survey of the Galactic plane.

(a) The current catalog of VHE g-ray sources

plotted on the sky in Galactic coordinates.

(b) The H.E.S.S. survey of the Galactic plane.

Hinton & Hofmann, 2009

Hinton & Hofmann, 2009

http://tevcat.uchicago.edu/




CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

Panel

Preparation

Slumping &

Curing

Glass

Gluing

INAF Production Sequence for Mirrors


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

After 4 years still in very good

conditions

Being implemented also for

MAGIC I

Succesfully implemented in MAGIC II !


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

Severe environmental conditions!


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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CTA main goals

CTA will consist of two arrays of Cherenkov telescopes, which

aim to:

• increase sensitivity by 1 order of magnitude @ 1 TeV;

• boost significantly the detection area

• improve the angular resolution

• provide uniform energy coverage from some tens of GeV to

beyond 100 TeV;

• enhance the sky survey capability, monitoring capability and

flexibility of operation.

CTA will consist of two arrays of Cherenkov telescopes, which

aim to:

• increase sensitivity by 1 order of magnitude @ 1 TeV;

• boost significantly the detection area

• improve the angular resolution

• provide uniform energy coverage from some tens of GeV to

beyond 100 TeV;

• enhance the sky survey capability, monitoring capability and

flexibility of operation.


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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The CTA Concept

CTA plans the construction of about 100 telescopes divided in 3 kinds of

configurations, in order to cover the energy range from a tens of GeV

(Large Size Telescope, LST), to a tens of TeV (Medium Size Telescope,

MST), and up to 100 TeV (Small Size Telescope, SST).

CTA plans the construction of about 100 telescopes divided in 3 kinds of

configurations, in order to cover the energy range from a tens of GeV

(Large Size Telescope, LST), to a tens of TeV (Medium Size Telescope,

MST), and up to 100 TeV (Small Size Telescope, SST).

Hofmann & Martinez, 2011, Exp. Astr., 32, 193


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

Construction

cost [M€]

Operations

cost [M€] Timescale

CTA 150 10 2013

E-ELT 950 30 2018

ELI 400 50 2015

FAIR 1187 120 2016

KM3NeT 200 5 2016

PRINS 1400 300 2009-2015

SKA (GLOBAL) 1500 100-150 2016

SPIRAL2 196 6.6 2014

CTA for the European Union:

the Preparatory Phase


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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CTA sensitivity

M. Martinez, Zeuthen 2010

ASTRI


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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CTA data rights

Operated as an ‘‘open’’ Observatory. Peer-reviewed process on

submitted proposal. Observations performed by Consortium experts.

Foreseen ‘‘legacy’’ data (Galactic Plane, full-sky survey, ...).

Operated as an ‘‘open’’ Observatory. Peer-reviewed process on

submitted proposal. Observations performed by Consortium experts.

Foreseen ‘‘legacy’’ data (Galactic Plane, full-sky survey, ...).

Hofmann & Martinez, 2011, Exp. Astr., 32, 193


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

>25 Countries

>132 Institutes

>1000 Persons

> 220 FTEs

>25 Countries

>132 Institutes

>1000 Persons

> 220 FTEs

• ITALY: 178

• INAF: 127

• Others (INFN + Univer.): 51

The CTA Consortium


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

• An interim legal entity for CTA will take over the consortium

organization for 2 years with 2 M€ of central funds to

administer

• It is required for site negotiations and site agreements, for In

Kind Contributions agreements, and a variety of other steps

• site preparation and installation of first telescopes ASTRI

mini-array

• European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC)

organized for the final implementation after the first 2 years

INAF aims to participate leading the implementation of the

70 SST array, delivering the mirrors for MST and hosting

the CTA HQ 20

CTA organization for the implementation phase


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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The ASTRI Project

The ASTRI Program is an Italian “Progetto Bandiera” funded by MIUR 8 M€ .

The main goal is the production, within the CTA framework and following its

requirements, of both an end-to-end prototype of the CTA SST to be tested under

field conditions in 2014, and a SST mini-array to be placed at the chosen CTA

Southern Site during 2016.

Also the development of the mirrors for the MST telescopes is an important goal.

INAF is in charge of the design and production of the mirrors and the camera, the

development of the end-to-end software, MC simulations and other related

activities.

INAF contributes with more than 21 FTE/year (end 2012) to the project (76 staff

members) + 21 FTE/year (100%) of young researchers hired within the contract . The

Project is subject to annual reviews by MIUR in order to review the status and allocate

the budget according to the following scheme: 2011 (3 M€), 2012 (2 M€), 2013 (1.5 M€),

and 2014 (1.3 M€).

The ASTRI Program is an Italian “Progetto Bandiera” funded by MIUR 8 M€ .

The main goal is the production, within the CTA framework and following its

requirements, of both an end-to-end prototype of the CTA SST to be tested under

field conditions in 2014, and a SST mini-array to be placed at the chosen CTA

Southern Site during 2016.

Also the development of the mirrors for the MST telescopes is an important goal.

INAF is in charge of the design and production of the mirrors and the camera, the

development of the end-to-end software, MC simulations and other related

activities.

INAF contributes with more than 21 FTE/year (end 2012) to the project (76 staff

members) + 21 FTE/year (100%) of young researchers hired within the contract . The

Project is subject to annual reviews by MIUR in order to review the status and allocate

the budget according to the following scheme: 2011 (3 M€), 2012 (2 M€), 2013 (1.5 M€),

and 2014 (1.3 M€).


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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The ASTRI Project

Principal Investigator G. Pareschi

Co-PIs O. Catalano & S. Vercellone

Program Manager M. Fiorini

System Engineer L. Stringhetti

INAF/CTA Responsible P. Caraveo

INAF Institutions IASF Milano, IASF Bologna, IASF Palermo

INAF HQ Roma, OA Brera, OA Torino, OA Padova, OA Bologna,

OA Arcetri, OA Roma, OA Capodimonte, OA Catania

University Partners Univer. of Padova, Univer. of Perugia

Principal Investigator G. Pareschi

Co-PIs O. Catalano & S. Vercellone

Program Manager M. Fiorini

System Engineer L. Stringhetti

INAF/CTA Responsible P. Caraveo

INAF Institutions IASF Milano, IASF Bologna, IASF Palermo

INAF HQ Roma, OA Brera, OA Torino, OA Padova, OA Bologna,

OA Arcetri, OA Roma, OA Capodimonte, OA Catania

University Partners Univer. of Padova, Univer. of Perugia

ASTRI SST-2M concept:

a large (9.6o) field of view dual-mirror

(Schwarschild-Couder) telescope;

a light (~50 kg) and compact (~50x50x50

cm3) camera based on Hamamatsu Si-

PMTs.

ASTRI SST-2M concept:

a large (9.6o) field of view dual-mirror

(Schwarschild-Couder) telescope;

a light (~50 kg) and compact (~50x50x50

cm3) camera based on Hamamatsu Si-

PMTs.


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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The ASTRI Prototype Mirrors

Mirrors’ main characteristics:

Primary Mirror diameter: 4.3 m (tessellated)

Secondary Mirror diameter: 1.8 m (monolithic)

f/0.5

Equivalent focal length: 2150 mm

Corrected FoV diameter: 9.6o

Mirrors’ main characteristics:

Primary Mirror diameter: 4.3 m (tessellated)

Secondary Mirror diameter: 1.8 m (monolithic)

f/0.5

Equivalent focal length: 2150 mm

Corrected FoV diameter: 9.6o


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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The Prototype Primary Mirror (M1)

• off-axis aspherical profile obtained

with the glass Cold-Shaping technology

• Physical Vapor Deposition of a

multilayer of pure dielectric materials

• off-axis aspherical profile obtained

with the glass Cold-Shaping technology

• Physical Vapor Deposition of a

multilayer of pure dielectric materials Triangle with mounting pins, 2

actuators, 1 fixed point, 1 tangential

restrain, and the alignment system.

Triangle with mounting pins, 2

actuators, 1 fixed point, 1 tangential

restrain, and the alignment system.


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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The ASTRI Prototype Camera

Camera’ main characteristics:

Detector type: monolithic MPPC array (SiPMs)

Logical Pixel size: 6.2 mm x 6.2 mm [0.17o]

Plate scale: 37.5 mm/o

Number of Pixels : 7936

• Number of channels : 1984 (grouping 2 x 2 pixels)

Camera’ main characteristics:

Detector type: monolithic MPPC array (SiPMs)

Logical Pixel size: 6.2 mm x 6.2 mm [0.17o]

Plate scale: 37.5 mm/o

Number of Pixels : 7936

• Number of channels : 1984 (grouping 2 x 2 pixels)


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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1 Unit

4x4 pixel

1px = 3mm x 3mm

1 Photon Detection Modul

(PDM) = 4x4 Units

1 ASTRI Focal Surface

37 PDMs

FoV diameter = 9.6o

Size imposed

by the

manufacturer


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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Mechanical housing drawing and 37 Photon Detection Modules

mounted on the mechanical housing.

Mechanical housing drawing and 37 Photon Detection Modules

mounted on the mechanical housing.

Mock-up of the mechanical housing + PDMs and sketch of the

ASTRI Camera with the Camera-Telescope I/F.

Mock-up of the mechanical housing + PDMs and sketch of the

ASTRI Camera with the Camera-Telescope I/F.

SiPM 4x4 Board

n.1

SiPM 4x4 Board

n.1

Photon Detection

Module - Board n.2

Photon Detection

Module - Board n.2

First prototype of a

4x4 PDMs Mosaic

with 3 SiPMs

already mounted

First prototype of a

4x4 PDMs Mosaic

with 3 SiPMs

already mounted


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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The ASTRI SST-2M Prototype Site

Main entrance

Guests House,

Offices and Labs 91cm Dome

Domes 61cm Dome

Fully operative INAF Observatory

High-speed internet connection

Mechanical & Electronics Labs

INAF - Catania Astrophysical Observatory

The "M. G. Fracastoro" Mountain Station - Serra La Nave (Mt.

Etna)

Altitude: 1735 m a.s.l.

Longitude: +14o 58’.4; Latitude +37o 41’.5

INAF - Catania Astrophysical Observatory

The "M. G. Fracastoro" Mountain Station - Serra La Nave (Mt.

Etna)

Altitude: 1735 m a.s.l.

Longitude: +14o 58’.4; Latitude +37o 41’.5

ASTRI SST-2M Prototype

Progress since Amsterdam

– Sicily meeting

■ Agenda of meeting and slides shown

available through CTA indico site:

■ https://www.cta-

observatory.org/indico/conferenceDis

play.py?confId=303

■ Visited site on ETNA at which

ASTRI prototype can be tested

5

Progress since Amsterdam

– Sicily meeting

■ Agenda of meeting and slides shown

available through CTA indico site:

■ https://www.cta-

observatory.org/indico/conferenceDis

play.py?confId=303

■ Visited site on ETNA at which

ASTRI prototype can be tested

5

An importan outreach program will be carried out by

INAF in collaboration with the Etna Park


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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ASTRI Prototype Major Milestones


April 2013 ➔ call for tenders on

4 ASTRI SST-2M structures

[1 for the prototype and 3 for the

mini-array phase 1]

June 2014 ➔ ASTRI SST-2M Prototype

in situ for scientific evaluation


April 2013 ➔ call for tenders on

4 ASTRI SST-2M structures

[1 for the prototype and 3 for the

mini-array phase 1]

June 2014 ➔ ASTRI SST-2M Prototype

in situ for scientific evaluation


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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test The ASTRI mini-array concept

Our goal is the deployment and the

operation of a mini-array composed of a

few SST-2M telescopes at the final CTA

southern site.

Our goal is the deployment and the

operation of a mini-array composed of a

few SST-2M telescopes at the final CTA

southern site.

An ancient concept... An ancient concept...


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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Major Milestones

ASTRI SST-2M mini-array

CTA Southern site should be decided within the current

milestone

2014 - 2015 ➔ ASTRI mini-array re-assessment study

2015 - 2016 ➔ Extension of the ASTRI mini-array

[phase 2], and mini-array

deployment phase.

ASTRI SST-2M mini-array

CTA Southern site should be decided within the current

milestone

2014 - 2015 ➔ ASTRI mini-array re-assessment study

2015 - 2016 ➔ Extension of the ASTRI mini-array

[phase 2], and mini-array

deployment phase.


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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Namibia – Aar

Argentina – San Antonio de los Cobres

Chile – Cerro Armazones (Antofagasta)


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

• ASTRI consortium

• University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa 300

kEuro already approved

• Brasil 1500 kEuro requested to the San Paulo local funding agency

• CHEC (Cherenkov High Energy Camera) – UK consortium

in kind contribution on cameras

• GATE SST group - Observatoire de Paris

in kind contribution on structures

• University of Amsterdam pending proposal for in kind contribution

• CNEA, Argentina in kind contribution (international agreement

Italia/Argentina)

• DESY (MST) MOU under finalization

Institutes and organizations participating in the mini-

array


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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INAF TRIO


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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South Africa INAF TRIO


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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INAF TRIO

South Africa

BRASILIAN TRIO


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

ASTRI

Crab

10% Crab

1% Crab

Exploration of

the EHE regime

of galactic

sources

MINI-ARRAY

Not only a technology pathfinder but also very good science is

possible when FERMI and SWIFT will be in operation!

ASTRI miniarry expected

performance Energy resolution: ~ 10 % @10 TeV (vs.

20 % di HAWC)

Angular Resolution: 0.06-0.07 deg @10

TeV (improving with the energy) vs. 0.2

deg of HAWC

Possibility of very long integrations on a

sample of selected source

Great improvement at low energies if

also two or more MST are

implemented!


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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Southern Hemisphere

• Vela X ➔ 30x10-12

• RX J1713 ➔ 10

•Vela Junior ➔ 10

•HESS J1616 ➔ 6

•HESS J1837 ➔ 4

•HESS J1813 ➔3

•HESS J1825 ➔ 3

•HESS J1745/GC ➔ 2

•HESS J1702 ➔ 2

•HESS J1804 ➔ 2 HESS J1303 ➔

2

•HESS J1718 ➔ 2

•LS 5039 ➔ 0.5-2

• Vela X ➔ 30x10-12

• RX J1713 ➔ 10

•Vela Junior ➔ 10

•HESS J1616 ➔ 6

•HESS J1837 ➔ 4

•HESS J1813 ➔3

•HESS J1825 ➔ 3

•HESS J1745/GC ➔ 2

•HESS J1702 ➔ 2

•HESS J1804 ➔ 2 HESS J1303 ➔

2

•HESS J1718 ➔ 2

•LS 5039 ➔ 0.5-2

A few observable in pairs with

~9 degree FoV.

Opportunity for

serendipitous detections of

new hard spectrum Galactic

sources.

A few observable in pairs with

~9 degree FoV.

Opportunity for

serendipitous detections of

new hard spectrum Galactic

sources.

Hinton & Vercellone, 2012


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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5 SSTs + 2 MSTs = CTA seed

Coupling the SSTs miniarray with 2 MSTs

would constitute the first real CTA precursor.

Dramatic boosting in performance.

MST Team at DESY already contacted and

willing to tighten the collaboration.

Coupling the SSTs miniarray with 2 MSTs

would constitute the first real CTA precursor.

Dramatic boosting in performance.

MST Team at DESY already contacted and

willing to tighten the collaboration.


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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Next Steps

Courtesy of R. Canestrari

HMMM....


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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Next Steps

SST & MST

Courtesy of R. Canestrari


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

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Summary

We plan to start the ASTRI SST-2M Prototype activities at Serra

La Nave during Spring 2014.

The ASTRI Prototype will allow us to test the main innovative

components: the optical dual-mirror design and the SiPM-based

focal plane.

We are fully compliant w.r.t. the CTA requirements and we work on

a day-by-day basis in collaboration with the CTA technical

management.

The SST mini-array will be a quantum-leap w.r.t. the ASTRI SST-

2M prototype performance, allowing us to validate several CTA

array properties.

We plan to start the ASTRI SST-2M Prototype activities at Serra

La Nave during Spring 2014.

The ASTRI Prototype will allow us to test the main innovative

components: the optical dual-mirror design and the SiPM-based

focal plane.

We are fully compliant w.r.t. the CTA requirements and we work on

a day-by-day basis in collaboration with the CTA technical

management.

The SST mini-array will be a quantum-leap w.r.t. the ASTRI SST-

2M prototype performance, allowing us to validate several CTA

array properties.


CTA & ASTRI @ SAIt

• http://www.brera.inaf.it/astri/

• http://www.cta-observatory.org

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For more information:

http://www.brera.inaf.it/astri/

http://www.cta-observatory.org




CTA/ASTRI: stato, problemi, opportunita - …rifatto/sait_2013/Pareschi_ASTRI.pdfGiovanni Pareschi...

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