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Assignment No. : BIT/CSI-02/ASGCourse Code. : CSI – 02

Course Title : System Analysis and Design

Trimester: 1st

TLC Code : 0005

Student Name : Deenanath Dinkar /Saurabh Pathak/Rakesh kumar

Enrollment No : 102016994 / 102011275/102002269

E –mail : [email protected]

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONALOPEN UNIVERSITY

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very thankful to our faculty members,Mr. Rajeev Ranjan, and seniors for their

kind help and guidance in completing this assignment on time. I also thank my brother Mr. Udaya Prakash for their useful information and guidance in complete this assignment

very well and on time.

THANK YOU

INDEX

1. Introduction2. Problem analysis

3. System Analysis

Life Cycle modelWaterfall model

Spiral model

Comparison

Spiral model Vs waterfall model

Spiral model Vs Iterative enhance modelSpiral Vs 4th generation technique

4. Requirement Analysis

5. Function requirement of the system

6. System investigationStep for investigation

Study of existing document, forms, files and

record.

Research and site visitsObservation of the working environment

Questionnaires

Interviews and group work sessions

7. Proposed system

8. Feasibility studyOperational feasibility

Technical feasibility

Economical feasibilityTime feasibility

9. System design

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10. Preparing of RDBMS

Registration form

Record regarding number of students registeringRecord regarding number of programs in univercity

till date

Record containing students registered for academic

program

Record regarding unregistered student

11.Entity relationship diagram

12.Data flow diagram

0-level DFD

1-level DFD

13.Self-criticism

14.Time chart

15.Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

There is a proposal to computerize the activity of checking eligibility of a student to

different programs of a University and suggesting the appropriate programs. There are

number of students who visit the University to find out the program on offer andrequesting the staff to let them know about their eligibility to a particular program(s).

The staff performs the following tasks frequently:

Asks the qualification of the student

Asks the program in which the student is interested to take admission

Finds the requisite qualification for admission to the program

If the student’s qualification is same as requisite qualification for admission to theprogram, then he informs the same to the student

In case the student is not eligible, he informs the student about the qualification

required

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

Before solving the problem it has to be analyzed. So here are the steps for problemanalysis. This makes our problem solving way very methodical.

1. The information domain of a problem must be represented and understood.

2. The function that the system is to perform must be defined.3. The behavior of the system must be represented.

4. The models that depict information function and behavior must be portioned in a

manner that uncovers detail in a layered fashion.

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The analysis process should move from essential information towards implementation

detail

There are many problems to be faced by all students’, clerks and university members. Itsmain reason that university has lots of courses and it faces many problems because

university done all work manually and it is very tough to handle all courses, staffs and

extra works. Suppose any student come for registration for any course in university andhe fill the form manually and it is very time consuming and it is tough to check by clerk

in university because he done all work manually and very tough to check all forms. Some

other problem faced in university is.

All works in university done manually so it is very time consuming.

Lots of curses in university so tough to handle.

Student database tough to maintain.

In registration time very tough to check all forms for eligibility for

different courses.

Life cycle model

The lifecycle model contains the set of activities that a designer has to carry for

system development. Each stage has a starting and ending point and has its own

importance that means that the entry and exit criteria for each phase is there. Asoftware lifecycle model is a definition of the process which is used to develop

software.

Different lifecycle models are suitable for different types of projects.The following are the types of Lifecycle models :

• The Waterfall Model

• The Iterative Enhancement Model

• The Spiral Model

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• The Prototype Model

The Waterfall Model

The waterfall model is the linear sequential model that suggests a systematic sequentialapproach to system development that begins at the system level and progresses through

analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance. Modeled encompasses the following

activities :1. System requirements analysis

2. Design

3. Code generation

4. Testing

5. Maintenance

The phases always occur in the same order that do not overlap the designer mustcomplete each phase before the next phase begins. Each document is produced during

the respective phase. Each must be reviewed and accepted before the next phase begins.

System feasibility-

lity Validation

Software plan &

Reqt. Validation

Product desi-gn Verification

Detailed desi-

gn Verification

Code

Unit test

Integration

Product

Verification

Implementation

System

test

Operation &

Implementati-on Revalidation

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Fig: The waterfall model

SPIRAL MODEL

The spiral model contain six-task reign: -

a. Customer communication: - this requires establishing effectivecommunication between developer and customer. It means user,

employee, and developer can sit together to discuss about the system.

b. Planning: - task required defining resources, timelines, and other

project related information.c. Risk analysis: - tasks require to assess both technical and management

risk.d. Engineering: - tasks require building one or more representations of

the application.

e. Construction and release: - tasks require to construct, test, install, andprovide user support (e.g., documentation and training).

3.b Fig of Spiral Model

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COMPARISION:

SPIRAL MODEL Vs WATERFALL:

(A) SPIRAL MODEL is not linear but spiral and easier to undergo

WATERFALL is sequential and linear whereas.

(B) Spiral model is difficult to implement and take more time to undergo whole

process compare to waterfall model.

(C) In spiral model feedback is possible at every stage but in waterfall it is notpossible.

(D) Spiral model is used in large project where as Waterfall model is used in

small project.

SPIRAL Vs ITERATIVE ENHANCEMENT MODEL:

(A) Every time requirement analysis and top level design is done in spiralmodel but in iterative enhancement model it is not done every time it isdone only once.

(B) In iteration model iteration may never end and hence user may never get

the final product

SPIRAL Vs 4 TH GENERATION TECHNIQUE.

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(A) 4TH generation technique uses high-level languages but in spiral model

don’t.

(B) In 4th generation technique we have broad array of software tools, which

may be of no use to us, or it may bring complication to our goal.

(C) Maintenance of this technique is difficult.

(D) Spiral model is used in large application where as 4GT used generally for

smaller application.

COMPARISION OF SPIRAL MODEL WITH OTHER MODELS

• Comparison with prototype model

In waterfall model the system is made after getting information from the user andevery phase has some validation and verification and correct the errors before going to

next phase whereas in prototype the analyst make a prototype of the software which he

will make for the user. So, if the user don’t like the function he will discard the protot-

ype and the will make the new one. In the waterfall model the system is produced bygetting the valuable information from the ultimate user who has to use the system and

also under this type of model the process of verification and correctness of errors is

accompanied with each phases before carrying on the next phase.On the other hand prototyping model is a model in

which a throw away prototype is made for the user so that he may get a feel of how it

will look like at the end of the system development phases.The waterfall model is cost effective and easy to

implement whereas in prototype model the cost is more.

• Comparison with Iterative Enhancement model

In waterfall the system is made after getting information from the user and every phase

have some verification and validation and correction of errors before going to next ph-

ase. Whereas in Iterative Enhancement model it combines the elements of waterfall m-del and philosophy of Prototyping model. In this model software is made by incremen-

ting method means from zero level to last level.

REASON FOR USING SPIRAL MODEL IN OUR PROJECT

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The best life cycle model for “the computerize pothole tracking and

repair system” is SPIRAL model.

The reasons for selection of SPIRAL are following: -

2. SPIRAL MODEL is not linear but spiral and easier to undergo. It

means if one stage passes then can also we can return back and once

again do it.3. In spiral model at every stage we can go back and again start according

to the feedback. It means feedback is possible at any stage.

4. It couples the iterative of prototyping with the control and systematic

aspect of linear sequential model.

5. Using the spiral model system is developed in a series of incremental

releases. This feature in enhances the further scope and extent of the

application.6. Communication between the user and developer: - People clearly put

their problem and it easily analyses by the developer.

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Here is the reason why we need to computerize the University. Its reason is Universityhas many departments and it done lots of work, it is necessary to computerized all

departments and done lots of works. For example in university lots of course and its

different eligibility. Suppose any student apply and submit own form for registration thensystem check his eligibility and then shows appropriate program. All work done with in

minute and very securely. And the data maintain by computer suppose we want any data

of any student then it is very easy to take information. If all these records are maintainedon hardcopy it consumes lot of time and may lead to inaccuracy. So to make all these

data more effective, accurate and less time consuming it has to be computerize. In this

analysis we will maintain different types of records which includes:1. Record regarding number of vehicles on the student.

Steps for requirement analysis:-

1. Study of existing documents, forms, files and records.

2. Research and site visits.

3. Observation of the work environment.

4. Questionnaires.5. Interviews and group work sessions.

Existing documentation

forms file and records

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1.Study of existing documents, forms, files and records:- This is first and most

important step for Requirement analysis. The system analyst must visit University andcollect all the records, files, forms and documents necessary for gaining information

about existing system and the field, which deals with.

2.Research and site visits: - Here research means studying the application and the

problem areas. System analyst must study journals related to university information

regarding authority and types of problem they are facing. System analyst must visit other University and study the type of problem they are facing.

3. Observation of the work environment: - This process includes observation of placeof work and work procedure. System analyst must visit University and watch the persons

performing different tasks and tries to understand the system. But system analyst must

remember that the staffs were not performing under Hawthorne effect as it leads to wrong

analysis.

4.Questionnaires: - System analyst must prepare a set of questions. This questionnaire is

distributed among the selected area like student, university staff and different authorities.The respondent answer the questions in their own time and return the questionnaire with

the answer to the analyst. The analysts then analyze the problem and reach to the

conclusion.

5.Interviews and group work sessions: - System analyst must organize interviews for

different Level of University. System analyst can rephrase the questions depending upon

On site observation

Interviews

Questionnaires

nformation

athering tools

Data organization

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individual. At last analyst summarize all the interview reports for reaching to a

conclusion.

After performing all the steps above mentioned, system analyst isnow able to understand the problem faced by University by keeping these points in mind

he is going to design new system.

Feasibility Study

Feasibility study is the very important part of development of any system it measures the

benefit of system development for any Organization. Feasibility analysis isn’t really

systems analysis, and it isn’t systems design either. In, feasibility analysis is a cross life

cycle activity and should be continuously performed throughout a systems project. InFeasibility study we mainly see the basis question: Will investment pay for itself? Are

there other investments that will return even more on their expenditure?

Feasibility should be

measured throughout the life cycle. Feasibility and risk analysis are related in manyways. If project risk is great, the feasibility of producing quality software is reduced.

Feasibility analysis isn’t really systems analysis, and it isn’t systems design. Feasibilityanalysis is a cross life cycle activity and should be continuously performed throughout a

systems project.

Purposes of the feasibility study

Identify the responsible users and development initials “scope” of the systems.Identify current deficiencies in the user’s environment.

Determine objectives for the new system.

1. Determine whether it is feasible to automate the system and, if so, suggest someacceptable options.

Type of feasibility study

1. Operational feasibility

2. Technical feasibility

3. Schedule feasibility4. Economic feasibility

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Operational feasibility

Operational feasibility is measure of how well the system will work in the

organization. It is also a measure of how people feel about the system. This feasibility isdone by survey and study phases.

In this proposed system operational feasibility is

essential because this proposed system certain thing is limit to make our systemoperationally successful.

Technical feasibility

Technical feasibility is a measure of the practicality of specific technical solution

and the availability of technical resources and expertise. It can be evaluated only after

those phases during which technical issues are resolved-namely, after the evaluation and

design phases of our life cycle have been completed.

Schedule feasibility

Schedule feasibility is a measure the project timetable. What is the deadline of

project? We need to determine whether the deadlines are mandatory or desirable. If thedeadlines are desirable rather than mandatory, the analyst can propose alternative

schedules.

In any system development time is the major factor. If the organization want todevelop the system in three months than system is developed in three months. It is the

deadline of any system development department. If the cost of employee of system

development department is twenty five thousand per month and organization gives onlysixty thousand than system development department should done this within two months.

If this system is not developed within two month than system development department

should left the project because department have been loosed money. So here is timefactor of system development

Economic feasibility

Economic feasibility is a measure of the cost-effectiveness of a project or

solution. This is often called a cost-benefit analysis. During the early phases of the

project, economic feasibility analysis amounts to little more than judging whether thepossible benefits of solving the problem are worthwhile. Costs are practically impossible

to estimate at that stage because the end-user’s requirements and alternative technical

solutions have not been identified.

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ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

Here I draw ERD for registration for university. We have four objects in thisproblem.

Student

1. University2. Clerk

3. Form

1. Student – (Name, Phone .no, Email id, Address,)2. University – (Name, Address, Website, Phone No.)

3. Clerk – (Name, work)

4. Form – (Number,)

ATTRIBUTES FOR THE ABOVE OBJECTS ARE AS FOLLOWS :-

Attributes of Student: -

Student name

Student Phone.No.

Student email id

Student Phone No.

Student Address

Attributes of University: -

University name

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University Address

University Website

University Phone No.

Attributes of Clerk: -

Clerk name Clerk work

Attributes of Form

Form number

Types of Relationship: -

One to one- It is because one student can fill one form at a time.

Many to one – It is because many student can fill form at a time.

ERDAn ERD diagram consists of following components.

Rectangular – represent entity set

Ellipse – represent attributes.

Lines –link attributes to entity sets and entity set of relationship sets.

Work

Register Verify has

Work

University Clerk

StudentForm

NamePhone .no

Address

Website

NameAddres

s

Email

Phone

Numbe

r

Name

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fill

Here the draw the DATA FLOW DIAGRAM for the given problem.

Representation of Symbols: -1. Rectangular boxes: - Rectangular boxes represent the source.

2. Bubble: - Bubble represents the process.

3. Arrow: - Arrow represents the data flow in process.4. Open rectangular box: - Open rectangular box indicates the store the

data.

O – Level DFD

FillVerify

Form Registration

First Level DFD

Student

Universi

ty Course

fill

send OK

Send

verify

send

Student

1

Fill theform

Clerk

2Register

for course

University

3. Verify

student

For giveneligibility

4. Give

the

appropriatecourse

5.

Registratio

n ok

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System design

1

1

OUTPUT

DESIGN

INPUT

DESIGN

DETAILED

SYSTEM

DOCUMENTATION

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It states the details of system requirements identified during system analysis.thisis also called logical design.in contrast to developing the software we kept following

issues during design process:

1.Identification of reports and other output the syatem will produce.2.Specific data is pinpointed including its exact location into the paper or onto the

. display screen

3.Description of data to be input calculated and stored.4.Individual data items and calculation procedure in detail and these procedures

will tell how to produce the output and produce data.

As the process of university continues, there should be a change,which must be introcued

in it.university performs category wise registration for different programs,which seprates

each students from another.university also maintained the entire student registerd tilldate.

It notes down all the necessary detail about the students and program’s offered.Design of input screen like:

Student name:

Student no:Date of admission:

Program name:

FILE DESIGN

PROCESSINGDESIGN

DESIGN SUBMITTEDFOR APPROVAL

CO

JUS

FIC

ION

DESIGNACCEP

TED

ABANON

PROJE

T

TESTPROGRAM

2

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Qualification:

Type of method:

StoreExit

Correct

Return to main menuNext

Preview

Design of file:

Student file

Program file

Reg.fee fileSafety file

MAIN MENU:

Date: 10th January 2002

Registration no: dlp20463Name of student: Amit Kumar

Program name: BIT

Qualification: 10+2

Registration certificate provided (yes/no): yesDate of admission: 15th January 2002

DEVLOPMENT OF SOFTWARE

In this stage software devloper may install or modify or may install the purchasedcommercial software or they may write new custom designed program.

The decision about which depends upon the cost of each option,time available to type

software and availability to write software and availability of programmer.Programmer are also responsible for documenting the program.

During this phase system is used experimentally to ensure that the software does not fail

i.e. it will run according to its specification and in a way user expect it to.special data isinput for processing and result is examined to locate unexpected results.

Details of design are given to programmers who will translate the specification into the

software like

What will be language used?The file description like:

Field name size type

Student name 10 alphabetic

Student no 4 numeric

Program name 7 alphabeticProgram code 5 alphanumeric

Different type of testing are:

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⇒White Box testing: This type of testing goes inside the program and tests allthe paths, loops, and branches in the code to verify the programmer’s intention.

⇒Black Box testing: This type of testing is done only for checking the outputs to

see whether they are expected ones.

⇒Static analysis: In this type of testing code is examined rather than exercised to

verify its conformance to a set of criteria. It can be usually used to validate thetractability of the software to formal specification.

Levels of testing:

Different levels of testing are:

⇒ Unit testing: This is smallest testable unit. In this type, each unit

of the software is tested.

⇒ Integration testing: In this type, different units of the system areintegrated together than testing is performed on all units.

⇒ System testing: In this type, testing of the whole system is done.

⇒ Field-testing: In this type, the system is tested in the actual

operational surroundings. Interfaces with other system and real

world are checked.

⇒ Acceptance testing: In this type, the user re-tests the system from

his point of view to judge whether it is acceptable according to

some previously identified criteria.

10. Preparing of RDBMS

10.1 Registration form: -

This form is filled and submitted by student to the university.

if the student matches the qualification determined by university for

a particular program. university sends the acknowledgement to the

student for admission in the particular program.

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FORM 08

[Only for the registration]

UNIVERCITY REGISTRATION FORM

APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF STUDENT

Date: - --/--/20--

Name: - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Father’s/Mother’s/Husband’s Name: - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Age: - _ _

Sex:- (M) or (F)

Date of Birth : - --/--/----

Name of the programm:-

Qulification:

Address: - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _

_ _ _ _ _ _City: -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Phone: -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Pin: - __ __ __ __ __ __

Detail’s of qualification

Name of theschool/college

Name of the board

Passingyear

Percentageof marks

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Initial of student

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(For official use only)

Form number: -

Registration number: -

Issuing date: -

Valid up to: -

Initial

of Officer

10.2 Record regarding total forms received for registration: -

This record deals with number of students registering for

academic program. This is added to the final record having number

Qualification matched for the program’s set by university..

Registrationno

Studentname

Form noReceiving

date

Qualification

Programname

Csp100 Amit Kumar 100023 20th

January 10+2B.C.A

Csp101 Shekhar Suman

100109 22nd January 10+2B.I.T

Csp102 Rajeev Singh 100204 18th January GraduateM.C.A

10.3 Record regarding programs available in the university till date: -

This record deals with total number of programs avaliable in the

university till date.

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Programname

Programcode

Duration

EligibilityCriteria

Fee

Master of computerapplication

M.C.A 3 years Graduate withany stream

6500persemester

Bachelor of informationtechnology

B.I.T 3 years 10+2 with pcm 7500 per trimester

Bachelor of computerapplication

B.C.A 3 years 10+2 3000 per semester

10.4 Records containing details of students registered in the university: -

This record deals with the students of different programs.

This record is one of the most important records of university as itincludes or to which they know the necessary information about

students of different programs..

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Name of studentEnrolment

noPrograms

optedDate of Registration

Ramu Kahar 102004500 M.C.A 20th march

Sonu Arti 124587005 B.I.T 25th march

Awanish Sharma 124566543 B.C.A 22nd march

Anuj Kumar Niarla Three 23/2/2001 TY4647

10.5 Record regarding students not registered : -

This record deals with details of the students who are not

registered to the university program’s due not fulfilling the criteriaset by the university. this will be helpful for sending messages for

those students that they are not eligible for program.

Studentname

Formno

Programsopted

Receivingdate

AmitKumar

10045 M.C.A 12TH

FEBRUARY

Santos

h

12367 M.C.A 15TH

FEBRUARY

Dhiraj13457 B.I.T 10TH

FEBRUARY

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