CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014...

89
Jerey Heer University of Washington CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animation 1

Transcript of CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014...

Page 1: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Jerey Heer University of Washington

CSE512 4 Feb 2014

Animation

1

Why use motion

Visual variable to encode dataDirect attentionUnderstand system dynamicsUnderstand state transitionIncrease engagement

2

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

Video

3

4

Volume rendering [Lacroute 95]

Video

5

NameVoyager [Wattenberg 04]

httpwwwbabynamewizardcomnamevoyagerlnv0105html

6

Topics

Motion perceptionPrinciples for animationAnimated transitions in visualizations

7

Motion Perception

8

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 2: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Why use motion

Visual variable to encode dataDirect attentionUnderstand system dynamicsUnderstand state transitionIncrease engagement

2

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

Video

3

4

Volume rendering [Lacroute 95]

Video

5

NameVoyager [Wattenberg 04]

httpwwwbabynamewizardcomnamevoyagerlnv0105html

6

Topics

Motion perceptionPrinciples for animationAnimated transitions in visualizations

7

Motion Perception

8

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 3: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

Video

3

4

Volume rendering [Lacroute 95]

Video

5

NameVoyager [Wattenberg 04]

httpwwwbabynamewizardcomnamevoyagerlnv0105html

6

Topics

Motion perceptionPrinciples for animationAnimated transitions in visualizations

7

Motion Perception

8

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 4: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

4

Volume rendering [Lacroute 95]

Video

5

NameVoyager [Wattenberg 04]

httpwwwbabynamewizardcomnamevoyagerlnv0105html

6

Topics

Motion perceptionPrinciples for animationAnimated transitions in visualizations

7

Motion Perception

8

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 5: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Volume rendering [Lacroute 95]

Video

5

NameVoyager [Wattenberg 04]

httpwwwbabynamewizardcomnamevoyagerlnv0105html

6

Topics

Motion perceptionPrinciples for animationAnimated transitions in visualizations

7

Motion Perception

8

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 6: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

NameVoyager [Wattenberg 04]

httpwwwbabynamewizardcomnamevoyagerlnv0105html

6

Topics

Motion perceptionPrinciples for animationAnimated transitions in visualizations

7

Motion Perception

8

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 7: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Topics

Motion perceptionPrinciples for animationAnimated transitions in visualizations

7

Motion Perception

8

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 8: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Motion Perception

8

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 9: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Perceiving Animation

Under what conditions does a sequence of static images give rise to motion perception

Smooth motion perceived at~10 framessecond (100 ms)

httpwww1psychpurdueeduMagniphiPhiIsNotBetaphi2html

9

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 10: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Motion as a visual cue

Pre-attentive stronger than color shape hellipMore sensitive to motion at peripherySimilar motions perceived as a groupMotion parallax provide 3D cue (like stereopsis)

10

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 11: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track

11

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 12: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

12

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 13: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

13

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 14: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

14

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 15: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

15

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 16: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

16

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 17: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Tracking Multiple Targets

How many dots can we simultaneously track~4-6 Diculty increases sig at 6 [Yantis 92 Pylyshn 88 Cavanagh 05]

17

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 18: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Segment by Common Fate

httpdragonumledupsychcommfatehtml httpwwwsinglecellorgjulyindexhtml

18

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 19: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

19

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 20: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Grouped dots count as 1 object

httpcoesdsuedueetarticlesvisualperc1starthtm

Dots moving together are grouped

20

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 21: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Grouping based on biological motion

httpwwwlifescisussexacukhomeGeorge_MatherMotionWALKMOV

[Johansson 73]

21

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 22: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Motions show transitionsSee change from one state to next

start

22

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 23: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Motions show transitions

end

See change from one state to next

23

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 24: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Motions show transitions

start end

Shows transition better butStill may be too fast or too slowToo many objects may move at once

See change from one state to next

24

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 25: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Velocity Perception

What is perceived as smooth uniform motion

Velocity perception can be aected by Path curvature Size depth perception Luminance contrast

(DEMO)

25

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 26: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Constructing Narratives

httpanthropomorphismorgimgHeider_Flashswf

26

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 27: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

httpcogwebuclaeduDiscourseNarrativemichotte-demoswf

27

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 28: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Attribution of causality [Michotte 46]

[Reprint from Ware 04]

28

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 29: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Adistraction

Afalse relations

Afalse agency

Aldquochart junkrdquo

Atoo slow boringAtoo fast errors

Animation

Adirect attention

Achange tracking

Acause and eect

Aincrease interest

A

HurtsHelps

Attention

Object Constancy

Causality

Engagement

Calibration

29

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 30: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for Animation

30

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 31: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for AnimationCharacter Animation(Johnston amp Thomas lsquo81 Lasseter lsquo87)

Squash and stretchExaggerationAnticipation Follow-throughStaging Overlapping ActionSlow-in Slow-out

31

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 32: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Squash and stretch

Defines rigidity of material

Should maintainconstant volume

Smoothes fast motionsimilar to motion blur

32

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 33: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Staging

Clear presentation of one idea at a time

Highlight important actionsLead viewersrsquo eyes to the actionMotion in still scene stillness in busy sceneMotion clearest at silhouette

33

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 34: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Anticipation

Show preparation for an action

34

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 35: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Follow-through

Emphasize termination of action

35

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 36: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Slow-in slow-out

Space in-betweens toprovide slow-in and out

Linear interpolation isless pleasing

36

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 37: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Example Andre and Wally B

37

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 38: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Example Andre and Wally B

38

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 39: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Example Andre and Wally B

39

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 40: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Example Andre and Wally B

40

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 41: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for Animation

Animated Presentations (Zongker amp Salesin lsquo03)

Make all movement meaningful Avoid squash-and-stretch exaggeration

Use anticipation and staging

Do one thing at a time

41

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 42: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

Expressiveness

Eectiveness

42

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 43: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Problems understanding animation [Tversky]

Dicult to estimate paths and trajectories

Motion is fleeting and transient

Cannot simultaneously attend to multiple motions

Parse motion into events actions and behaviors

Misunderstanding and wrongly inferring causality

Anthropomorphizing physical motion may cause confusion or lead to incorrect conclusions

43

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 44: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Administrivia

44

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 45: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

A3 Interactive Visualization

Create an interactive visualization application Choose a data domain and select an appropriate visualization technique

1 Choose a data set and storyboard your interface2 Implement the interface using tools of your choice3 Submit your application and produce a final write-up

You should work in groups of 2Due by 500pm on Monday February 10

45

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 46: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Animated Transitions

46

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 47: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Cone Trees [Robertson 91]

47

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 48: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Polyarchy Visualization [Robertson 02]

Animate pivots across intersecting hierarchies

Tested a number of animation parameters

Best duration ~1 sec

Rotational movement degraded performance translation preferred

48

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 49: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Degree-of-Interest Trees [Heer 04]

Animation of expandingcollapsing branches

49

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 50: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

SpaceTree [Grosjean 04]

Break animated transitions into discrete stages

50

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 51: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Radial Graph Layout

Optimize animation to aid comprehensionhttppeopleischoolberkeleyedu~rachnagtv

51

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 52: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

52

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 53: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Help maintain context of nodes and general orientation of user during refocus

Transition Paths Linear interpolation of polar coordinates Node moves in an arc not straight lines Moves along circle if not changing levels When changing levels spirals to next ring

53

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 54: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Animation in Radial Graph Layout

Transition constraints Minimize rotational travel (move former parent

away from new focus in same orientation) Avoid cross-over of edges

54

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 55: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Constraint Retain Edge Orientation

55

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 56: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Constraint Retain Neighbor Order

56

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 57: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics

57

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 58: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

58

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 59: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Log Transform

59

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 60: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

60

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 61: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Ordering Sorting

61

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 62: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

62

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 63: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Filtering

63

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 64: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

64

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 65: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

65

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 66: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Month 1

66

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 67: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Timestep

Month 2

67

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 68: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

68

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 69: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Change Encodings

69

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 70: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

70

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 71: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Change Data Dimensions

71

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 72: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Change Data Dimensions

72

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 73: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Change Encodings + Axis Scaling

73

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 74: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Data Graphics and Transitions

Visual Encoding

Change selected data dimensions or encodings

Animation to communicate changes

74

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 75: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Transitions between Data Graphics

During analysis and presentation it is common to transition between related data graphics

Can animation helpHow does this impact perception

75

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 76: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for conveying information

CongruenceThe structure and content of the external representation should correspond to the desired structure and content of the internal representation

ApprehensionThe structure and content of the external representation should be readily and accurately perceived and comprehended

[from Tversky 02]

76

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 77: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

77

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 78: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Visual marks should always represent the same data tuple

78

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 79: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Dierent operators should have distinct animations

79

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 80: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Objects are harder to track when occluded

80

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 81: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Principles for AnimationCongruenceMaintain valid data graphics during transitionsUse consistent syntacticsemantic mappingsRespect semantic correspondenceAvoid ambiguity

ApprehensionGroup similar transitionsMinimize occlusionMaximize predictabilityUse simple transitionsUse staging for complex transitionsMake transitions as long as needed but no longer

Keep animation as simple as possible If complicated break into simple stages

81

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 82: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

82

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 83: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Study Conclusions

Appropriate animation improves graphical perception

Simple transitions beat ldquodo one thing at a timerdquo

Simple staging was preferred and showed benefits but timing important and in need of study

Axis re-scaling hampers perception Avoid if possible (use common scale) Maintain landmarks better (delay fade out of lines)

Subjects preferred animated transitions

83

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 84: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Animation in Trend Visualization

Heer amp Robertson study found that animated transitions are better than static transitions for estimating changing values

How does animation fare vs static time-series depictions (as opposed to static transitions)

Experiments by Robertson et al InfoVis 2008

84

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 85: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Animated Scatterplot [Robertson 08]85

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 86: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Traces [Robertson 08]86

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 87: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Small Multiples [Robertson 08]87

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 88: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Study Analysis amp Presentation

Subjects asked comprehension questionsPresentation condition included narration

Multiples 10 more accurate than animation

Presentation Anim 60 faster than multiplesAnalysis Animation 82 slower than multiples

User preferences favor animation

88

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89

Page 89: CSE512 :: 4 Feb 2014 Animationcourses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse512/14wi/lectures/CSE512-Animation.pdf · Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention, object constancy,

Summary

Animation is a salient visual phenomenon Attention object constancy causality timing Design with care congruence amp apprehension

For processes static images may be preferable

For transitions animation has demonstrated benefits but consider task and timing

89