CSCI 521 Final Exam Review. Why Establish a Standard Process? It is nearly impossible to have a high...
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Transcript of CSCI 521 Final Exam Review. Why Establish a Standard Process? It is nearly impossible to have a high...
![Page 1: CSCI 521 Final Exam Review. Why Establish a Standard Process? It is nearly impossible to have a high quality product without a high quality process. Standard.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062721/56649f225503460f94c3a45d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CSCI 521 Final Exam Review
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Why Establish a Standard Process?Why Establish a Standard Process?
• It is nearly impossible to have a high quality product without a high quality process.
• Standard set of activities leads to better estimation
• Standard roles leads to improved communication and training
• etc…
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Customer's ProcessCustomer's Process
• Why, if at all, should we spend time analyzing how the customer does their work?
• What are the first questions you should ask and why?
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Goal StatementGoal Statement
• Manages expectations and helps limit scope
• Measurable
• Short
• Communicated
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Standard DocumentsStandard Documents
• SOW - Statement of Work
• Project Management Plan
• WBS - Work Breakdown Structure– inside the PMP– used for planning, estimation, etc.– probably only 2 or 3 levels deep
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Estimation TechniquesEstimation Techniques
• Analogy
• Decomposition Methods– lines of code– function points
• Empirical Methods
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Accuracy of Estimate is based on:Accuracy of Estimate is based on:• degree to which the planner has properly
estimated the size of the product
• ability to translate a size estimate to a time estimate
• degree to which the project plan reflects the abilities of the software team
• stability of product requirements and project environment
Software Engineering: Practitioner's Approach by Pressman
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Team SelectionTeam Selection
A successful project requires:
1. quality people hire for trait, train for skills
2. effective use of individuals– match tasks with personality– give authority to those with responsibility– make responsibilities crystal clear
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How to build a schedule:How to build a schedule:1. Determine dependencies of activities found in WBS.
2. Use dependencies to build activity network diagram (eg PERT).
3. Perform resource leveling and consider uncertainty.
4. Insert Milestones
5. Map network to a timeline (eg Gantt Chart) using the effort estimates.
• Use a software tool to help do this work.
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Types of RequirementsTypes of Requirements• Functional
– ex - it must email the sales manager when an inventory item is "low"
• Non-Functional– ex - it must require less than one hour to run
• Explicit– ex – required features
• Implied– ex – software quality
• Forgotten– ex – exists in current process
• Unimagined
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Req Gathering ProblemsReq Gathering Problems• Accommodating changing reqs
• Being complete, without being constraining
• Conflicting views
• Ease of omitting obvious info
• Identifying the experts and getting authority to talk to people
• Incomplete understanding of the problem on the part of the user/customer
• Sticking with “what” and not “how”
• Determining what is critical
• Avoiding mission creep
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Characteristics of Good RequirementsCharacteristics of Good Requirements
1. Unambiguous
2. Complete
3. Verifiable, Measurable
4. Modifiable
5. Traceable
6. Prioritized
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RisksRisks
RE = likelihood x impact
RRL =
RE = risk exposureRRL = risk reduction leverage
REbefore – REafter
risk reduction cost
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MetricsMetrics
• Product Metrics– direct measures - number of bugs, LOC– indirect measures - usability, maintainability
• Project and Process Metrics– direct measures - costs, LOC per month– indirect measures - quality, reliability
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Goals of Configuration ManagementGoals of Configuration Management
• Identify Change
• Control Change• Stability vs Progress
• Ensure Change is Properly Implemented
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BaselinesBaselines
• What is a baseline?
• Baseline change control process– change request form
• Config Management Tools Features
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SQA ActivitiesSQA Activities
• Contract Review
• Formal Technical Reviews
• Peer Inspections– driven by checklists, coding standards, etc
• Work Instructions
• Statistical SQA
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Statistical SQA, six sigma, TQM, et.al.
• Goal is to remove cause of problems
• Data Gathering– bug reports– customer feedback– random sampling
• Categorize problems, then trace the critical 20% back to their root cause
• Control Charts, Scatter Charts
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Test ManagementTest Management
• When to White Box. When to use Black Box.
• Stop testing when cost of finding and removing errors today is more expensive than releasing the product and fixing errors during maintenance.
• Laws of Testing:– someone else should test your code– complete test coverage is impossible
• Test Plan: what to test, when to test, what is acceptable…
• Keep Records of types of errors found
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MaintenanceMaintenance
• Types of Maintenance– Corrective– Adaptive– Perfective
• Does software wear out?
• How do we reduce maintenance costs?
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CMM LevelsCMM Levels1. Initial
2. Repeatableo past successes can be repeated
3. Definedo each project uses a tailored version of a standard process
4. Managedo Quantitative Quality Goals
5. Optimizingo major focus on eliminating waste in the process