CSC 2260 Operating Systems and Networks

CSC 2260Operating Systems and Networks

Chapter 10Fall 2008

Dr. Chuck Lillie

The Client Side of Networking

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

File and Print Clients on Private Networks

Connecting to the Internet

Internet Clients

Troubleshooting Common Network Client Problems

Chapter10


Learning Objectives

Apply basic TCP/IP knowledge and skills Use a file and print client to connect to

shares List methods for connecting to the Internet Identify and configure common Internet

clients Troubleshoot common client connection

problems



TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that work together to allow similar and dissimilar systems to communicate

The two core protocols are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)

TCP/IP protocol is automatically installed in Windows when a network card is present



Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Responsible for the accurate delivery of

messagesVerifies and resends pieces that fail to reach

the destinationTCP has several sub-protocols



Internet Protocol (IP) Packages communications in chunks, called

packets Allows a computer to be identified by a logical address

called an IP address Each packet is given a header that contains

information including the source address (local host address) and the destination address

Special routing protocols can use a destination IP address to choose the best route for a packet to take



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) IP has several sub-protocols IP addresses are very importantA computer cannot communicate on a

TCP/IP network without a valid IP address



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) IP Addressing Fundamentals

An IP address is assigned to a network adapter When a modem and LAN adapter are present,

each connects a computer to a different networkA desktop computer usually has only a single

network device connecting it to a specific network,

so that is the only address by which the computer is known on that network



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) IP Addressing Fundamentals (continued)

An IP address has four parts in dotted decimal format

Example: 192.168.100.48Four sets of base-10 numbers (decimal)Each number is within 0 to 255Rules determine how these numbers are

used



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) IP Addressing Fundamentals (continued)

4.3 billion possible IP addresses Allocation methods have reduced the

usable numberCurrent version IP Protocol 4 (IPv4)



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)Which addresses can be used?

Public Addresses Assigned to hosts on the Internet A host is any computer or device that has

an IP address Source address must be unique on the entire

Internet Destination address must be unique on the

entire Internet



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) Which addresses can be used? (continued)

Public Addresses (continued) Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) allocates

numbers to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) RIRs allocate numbers to ISPs ISPs allocate numbers to customers



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) Which addresses can be used? (continued)

Private Addresses They are not to be used on the Internet Used in private IP networks No permissions required An address from one of three ranges of IP addresses

10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)Which addresses can be used? (continued)

Private Addresses (continued) To connect to the Internet, each data packet with

a private source address must be intercepted, repackaged, and given a public IP address as its source address before being sent out onto the Internet

If there is a response, each packet will be repackaged and returned to the private address

An Internet router substitutes (or translates) a private IP address to a unique Internet IP address



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)How Does a Host Get an IP Address?

Static Address Assignment Manually configured for a host In most organizations, static IP addressing is done

only on servers, network printers, and network devices Network administrator will provide on a LAN ISP will provide for an Internet connection (if needed) Enter in TCP/IP properties for the network connection



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)How Does a Host Get an IP Address?

(continued)Automatic Address Assignment (DHCP and

APIPA) Methods by which a computer can be assigned an IP

address, and all the additional configuration settings, automatically.

Most organizations do Automatic IP addressing via Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server

If no DHCP server responds, a DHCP client may self-assign via Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) IP Configuration Settings

Subnet Mask As critical as the address itself Divides IP address into two parts: Host ID and Net ID Example:

IP address 192.168.100.48 Mask of 255.255.255.0 Host ID = 48 Net ID = 192.168.100



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) IP Configuration Settings (continued)

How masking works in binary math IP address of 192.168.100.2 In binary = 11000000.10101000.01100100.00000010 Mask of 255.255.255.0 In binary = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 Masking results in

Net ID of 192.168.100 Host ID of 2




Default Gateway IP address of the router on the LAN Net ID of the default gateway address should be

identical to that of the IP address Router directs traffic beyond the local network Without this, traffic will not travel beyond local network Example: router connects network 192.168.100 to

other networks Any packet for other networks is sent to default

gateway



Internet Protocol (IP) (continued) IP Configuration Settings

DNS Servers Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed online

database Names mapped to IP addresses Thousands of name servers maintain this distributed

database DNS client queries a DNS server to determine the IP

address of a web site A query of "mcgraw-hill.com" returns 198.45.18.151




DNS Servers (continued) Two DNS Server addresses in Windows IP

configuration Preferred DNS server is contacted with queries Alternate DNS server is contacted ONLY after no

response from Preferred server




Advanced TCP/IP Settings DNS

Add more than two DNS servers Change the order in which the DNS servers are

used Allows the DNS client to request a name search

for a domain name when an incomplete name is entered

WINS Enter WINS servers WINS resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses




Advanced TCP/IP Settings (continued) WINS

NetBIOS over TCP/IP automatically installed with TCP/IP

NetBIOS used in Microsoft workgroups, NT domains, and Active Directory domains with a mixture of new and old.




Viewing an IP Configuration with IPCONFIG A command line command Displays the IP configuration of network interfaces Displays information on static or DHCP clients Available in all versions of Windows but Windows 95 In Windows 95 use WINIPCFG IPCONFIG /all displays all IP configurations for all

network interfaces



File and print client for each file sharing protocol Microsoft's Server Message Block (SMB)Novell's NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) Common Internet File System (CIFS) Network File System (NFS)



Client for Microsoft NetworksAutomatically installed and enabled in

WindowsCan see computers with file and printer

sharing turned onSMB and CIFS View servers and shares in My Computer |

My Network PlacesConnecting to shares depends on

permissions



Novell Clients Microsoft’s Client Service for NetWare

Not automatically installed on a Windows computer One comes with each version of Windows Can be installed optionally, if needed After installation complete Select NetWare Logon

dialog box Select a NetWare server or an NDS tree and context Microsoft client for Novell is less capable than Novell’s Used when just a few Novell file and printer servers



Step-by-Step 10.01

Install the Client Service for NetWare

Page 489



Novell ClientsNovell Client by Novell for Windows

Available for free from Novell Preferred in a Novell network Better tools for use by Novell administratorsSeparate Novell clients for Windows versions

and other OSs Download from www.novell.com



Connecting Client to SharesConnecting to a file share

Browse to a share using My Computer or Windows Explorer

Use a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name in Internet Explorer or Windows Explorer

Search for it in an AD domain UNC name is used on Microsoft networks

Syntax: \\servername\sharename Example: \\wickenburg\data



Connecting Client to Shares (continued)Connecting to a file share (continued)

Mapping assigns local unused drive letter to a network share

Select Tools | Map Network Drive



Step-by-Step 10.02

Connecting to a Share

Page 492



Connecting Client to Shares (continued)Connecting Clients to Shared Printers

Connecting to printers using UNC names Connecting to printers using IPP Adding a standard TCP/IP printer



Step-by-Step 10.03

Connecting to a Shared Printer

Page 494



Internet Service Providers Provide Internet access to individuals or companies May offer other Internet-related services Examples:

Ground Control (www.groundcontrol.com) satellite Internet service

T-Mobile (www.tmobile.com) cellular Internet service Local telephone companies provide ISP services for

dial-up and DSL customers Comcast (www.comcast.com) cable Internet service



Computer-to-Internet vs. LAN-to-Internet Computer may have a direct Internet connection Computer may connect to the Internet through a LAN

Wired Connectivity Technologies Dial-up Connections

Use traditional phone system Inexpensive WAN option 56Kbps Need ISP service Cannot use voice and data on same line



Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)Dial-up Connections (continued)

Installing a Modem Verify modem works Connect external modem to computer and power Internal modem is turned on with computer Install from Phone and Modem Options applet in

Control Panel



Step-by-Step 10.04

Installing a Modem in Windows

Page 499



Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)Dial-up Connections (continued)

Creating a Dial-up Connection New Connection Wizard in Windows XP AOL or CompuServe have separate installation

programs Initiate a dial-up session using the connection

applet Internet browsers and e-mail clients can be configured

to open connection when the application is started



Step-by-Step 10.05

Configuring a Dial-up Client

Page 502



Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)High-Speed Connections

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Digital phone service Special modem and phone service Up to 128Kbps Slightly higher cost than modem dial-up Rarely used in homes in the U.S. Simultaneously supports data, voice and fax machine Dropping out of favor due to better alternatives



Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)High Speed Connections (continued)

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Uses advanced digital signal processing over

telephone network Requires changes in components on telephone

network Simultaneously supports data, voice and fax machine Dedicated circuit from home or office to central office Several xDSL versions available:

ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, VDSL



Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued) High Speed Connections (continued)

T-Carrier System T-1

24 individual channels transmitting 64 Kbps each Combined throughput of 1.544Mbps

Fractional T-1 One or more individual T-1 channels Cheaper alternative to T-1

T-3 672 channels with combined throughput of 44.736Mbps Most expensive



Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)High Speed Connections (continued)

Cable Cable modem service Cable television networks sell a portion of bandwidth

for data Faster than common telephone lines Simultaneously supports data, audio, and video Signal is shared

Increase in number of users decreases bandwidth to each user



Wireless Connectivity TechnologiesWireless WAN (WWAN) Connections

Covers a large geographical areaAccessible to mobile usersFully bidirectionalBasic WWAN services offers 1 to 10Mb Speeds over 100 Mbps with dedicated equipmentRequires antenna tuned to proper radio frequency



Wireless Connectivity Technologies (continued) Satellite

For areas without a wired network that can support broadband

Used for a significant percentage of all worldwide ISP links to the Internet backbone and to customers

Estimated 10% of worldwide broadband traffic in 2003 involved satellite communications

Used for mobile communications by the armed forces, businesses, and individuals

Faster downstream than upstream



Wireless Connectivity Technologies (continued)Satellite (continued)

Requires an earth-based communications station consisting of a Transceiver (satellite dish) and a Modem-like device

Satellite dish pointed at a data satelliteModem connected to the dish and computer or

LAN Mobile installation more expensive than stationarySatellite links to a land-based operations center

which routes signals to the Internet



Wireless Connectivity Technologies (continued)WLAN Connections

802.11a Speeds up to 54 Mb Most public access to WLANs do not use this standard Uses the 5-GHz band

802.11b Speeds up to 11Mbps Compatible with most WLAN access points Uses the 2.4-GHz band



Wireless Connectivity Technologies (continued)WLAN Connections (continued)

802.11g Speeds up to 54Mbps Sustained throughput of 25Mbps Uses the 2.4-GHz bank Downward compatible with 802.11b



Sharing an Internet Connection Sharing a Dial-up Connection

Share with other computers on a LAN or WLANWindows 98 SE, Windows Me, Windows 2000,

and Windows XP have connection features

Sharing a Broadband ConnectionShare from a single computerShare through a broadband router



Using a Virtual Private NetworkMakes connections to a private network over

the Internet more secureRemote access VPN over dial-up

connectionsSite-to-site VPN connects two networksCreates a “tunnel” between endpointsAdditional security with data encrypting and

authentication of endpoints


Internet Clients

Web BrowsersSimplify navigation of the WebTranslate plain text language into rich,

colorful pagesNetscape Navigator Internet ExplorerOthers

Firefox from MozillaOpera


Internet Clients

Web Browsers (continued)Browser Configuration Options

In Netscape Navigator select Edit | Preferences | Navigator

In Internet Explorer select Tools | Internet Options

General Security

Privacy Content

Connections Programs

Advanced


Internet Clients

E-Mail Clients Scope of Internet e-mail exploded in two decades Mail client may be specific to the mail server Mail client may be capable of accessing a variety of

servers Mail client retrieves messages and displays list of all

messages User selects, responds, saves, creates new, adds

attachments to outgoing, and sends messages


Internet Clients

E-Mail Clients (continued)Outlook

Separate product or included with Microsoft OfficeClient to Exchange and other mail servicesCore e-mail featuresAdditional productivity features


Internet Clients

E-Mail Clients (continued)Outlook Express

Bundled with Windows E-mail client and news readerLacks features of Outlook Internet e-mail accounts only Multiple e-mail accounts


Internet Clients

E-Mail Clients (continued)Configuring and Using an E-Mail Client

Information needed Type of mail server (POP3, IMAP, or HTTP) Account name and password DNS name of incoming mail server Name of outgoing mail server

Obtain information from: ISP for Internet mail service Network administrator for internal mail service


Internet Clients

Step-by-Step 10.06

Configure an E-Mail Client

Page 518


Internet Clients

FTP ClientsFTP transfers files between FTP servers and

clientsSimple and fast file transfer over TCP/IPPre-WWW FTP clients character-basedNow a variety of GUI FTP clientsDedicated FTP clients have more featuresAnonymous FTP


Internet Clients

FTP Clients (continued)Anonymous FTP

User name and password not requiredUsers connect using Anonymous accountUsers have permissions assigned to Anonymous


Internet Clients

FTP Clients (continued)Configuring an FTP client

Information needed Host name of the FTP server User ID and password (if applicable) Account (if applicable) Passive mode and/SSL connections (if applicable)



Testing IP Configurations and Connectivity Verifying IP Configuration with IPCONFIG Troubleshooting connection Errors with

PING



Step-by-Step 10.07

Testing an IP Configuration

Page 522



Troubleshooting Connection Problems with TRACERT Discover why a connection to a web site is

slowTraces the route taken by packets Pings each of the intervening routers Shows time of response from each router Reveals bottlenecks



Troubleshooting DNS Errors by Using PING, NETSTAT, and NSLOOKUP “Cannot find server or DNS Error?”

Name resolution?Connectivity problem?

PING IP address PING domain name Use another computer to connect to web site Use NETSTAT to discover IP address Troubleshoot DNS with NSLOOKUP



Troubleshooting Logon Problems 60-80% of help desk calls involve forgotten

password Avoid problems by memorizing passwordsAfter a logon failure

Ensure that Caps Lock is not on, and carefully reenter

If correct user name and password were used and failed, treat it like a connectivity problem

If no connectivity problem, call network admin or ISP


Summary

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite TCP/IP is a commonly used suite of protocols

that allows dissimilar computers to communi-cate. It is the protocol suite needed to access the Internet.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are the core protocols of TCP/IP.

TCP is responsible for the accurate delivery of messages, verifying and resending pieces that fail to make the trip.


Summary

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite IP is a protocol that packages your

communications in chunks, called packets. It allows each computer to be identified on an internet-work by a logical address, called an IP address, and is responsible for the route that a packet takes through a very complex internetwork.

An IP address is assigned to a network adapter or modem in a computer that connects it to a network.


Summary

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite An IP address has four parts, shown in

dotted decimal format as 192.168.100.48. Each number must be within the range from 0 to 255.

Public IP addresses are used for hosts on the Internet, and each address must be unique on the entire Internet.


Summary

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite The organization that is centrally responsible

for allocation of public IP addresses is the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). They allocate numbers to various Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), organizations given the task of allocating IP addresses to Internet service providers (ISPs).


Summary

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite The largest ISPs allocate addresses to other

ISPs, who in turn allocate addresses to individuals and businesses.

A private IP address is one of three ranges of IP addresses designated for use only on private networks. They are not to be used on the Internet, and you do not need to obtain permission to use these addresses on a private network.


Summary

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol SuiteComputers on a private network using

private IP addresses get access to the Internet through a specialized device using one of several methods. One method involves a proxy server, and another method uses a network address translation (NAT) router.


Summary

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol SuiteThe devices commonly sold as “Internet

routers” for homes and small offices allow computers on a private network to com-municate over the Internet by temporarily providing a valid public IP address for the source address of each internal client that is using a private address.


Summary

Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite Each host on a TCP/IP network must have an

IP address. There are two general methods by which a host receives an address: automatically as a DHCP client via a network DHCP server or a self-assigned APIPA address, or statically, using a manually assigned address.

In addition to the IP address, several IP configuration settings include subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server, advanced DNS settings, and WINS settings.


Summary

File and Print Clients on Private NetworksA file and print client includes both the

user interface and the underlying file sharing protocols to access a file sharing system on a file and print server.


Summary

File and Print Clients on Private Networks File sharing protocols include Microsoft's

Server Message Block (SMB) protocol; Novell's NetWare Core Protocol (NCP); the newer Common Internet File System (CIFS), a standard used by Microsoft, Novell, and many others; the network file system (NFS) used in Linux and UNIX; and the P2P file sharing protocol used to share files over the Internet.


Summary

File and Print Clients on Private Networks The client for Microsoft networks, installed

when a Windows operating system is installed, allows users to use the Windows GUI to see those Microsoft computers on the network that have file and printer sharing turned on, whether they are using the older SMB file sharing protocol or the newer CIFS protocol standard.


Summary

File and Print Clients on Private Networks A computer user requiring access to file

and print services on a Novell server needs a Novell client. Windows clients can choose from two: the client for Novell that comes with Windows or Novell’s client software.


Summary

File and Print Clients on Private Networks You can connect to a share by browsing to it

in My Computer (or Windows Explorer), by entering a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name in a browser, or you may search for it in an Active Directory domain.

For a frequently accessed share, map a drive letter to the share and select to have it reconnect at logon.


Summary

File and Print Clients on Private NetworksConnecting to a shared printer is much

like connecting to a file share. You can browse to a shared printer, use a UNC name to point to one, and you can even use a URL to connect to a printer.

Active Directory clients may search Active Directory for files or printers published in the directory.


Summary

File and Print Clients on Private Networks A mail client may be specific to the mail

servers the user connects to (Exchange, Notes, Domino, GroupWise), or the client may be one of several that can be used for different types of mail servers.

The client software will show a list of all of the messages in the mailbox by displaying information from the message header, such as who sent the mail, the subject of the mail, the time and date of the message, and the message’s size.


Summary

Connecting to the Internet An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization

that provides individuals or entire companies access to the Internet.

A computer might be connected to the Internet but not to a LAN. A computer that is connected to a LAN may have access to the Internet through that LAN.

Most, but not all, wired WAN technologies used for connecting to the Internet use the telecommunications infrastructure of the telephone system.


Summary

Connecting to the Internet An Internet service provider (ISP) is an

organization that provides individuals or entire companies access to the Internet.

A computer might be connected to the Internet but not to a LAN. A computer that is connected to a LAN may have access to the Internet through that LAN if it, or another LAN to which it is connected, is connected to the Internet.


Summary

Connecting to the InternetMost, but not all, wired WAN

technologies used for connecting to the Internet utilize the telecommunications infrastructure of the telephone system.

Dial-up is an inexpensive choice available to anyone with a phone line and a standard modem (the longtime standard runs at 56 Kbps).


Summary

Connecting to the InternetLike a voice phone conversation, a dial-

up connection is only temporary and ends when either your PC or the ISP's server ends the call.

Use the Phone and Modem Options applet in Control Panel to verify that a modem is properly installed and configured, or to install a new modem.


Summary

Connecting to the InternetAfter a modem is installed and

configured, use the New Connection wizard to configure the connection unless you have software from your ISP that will automatically configure the connection.

Use the connection applet whenever you wish to open a dial-up connection.


Summary

Connecting to the Internet Of the wired high-speed connection options,

ISDN is the oldest technology and generally slower than the other two: cable and digital subscriber line (DSL).

ISDN is a digital telephone service that simultaneously transmits voice, data, and control signaling over a single telephone line and can transfer data at up to 128,000 bits per second (128 Kbps).


Summary

Connecting to the InternetDigital subscriber line (DSL) service is

similar to ISDN in its use of the telephone network, but it uses more advanced digital signal processing to compress more signals through the telephone lines.


Summary

Connecting to the Internet Several versions of DSL services are

available; each version provides a different level of service, speed, and distances; and they normally provide full-time connections. The two most common are Asynchronous DSL (ADSL) and Synchronous DSL (SDSL). Others include High-bit-rate DSL (HDSL) and Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL).


Summary

Connecting to the Internet Across the standards, data transmission

speeds range from 128 Kbps for basic DSL service through 8.448 Mbps for high-end service.

ADSL's downstream speed is much faster than its upstream speed, while SDSL provides the same speed in each direction, at greater expense. Most people only require the higher speeds for downloads (browsing the Internet, downloading files, and so on).


Summary

Connecting to the InternetFor organizations requiring high-speed

Internet access for hundreds of users, the telephone company offers high-speed T-Carrier connections, including T1 at 1.544Mbps, fractional T1 using one or more of the 64Kbps T1 channels, or T3 with a maximum throughput of 44.736Mbps.


Summary

Connecting to the Internet Many cable television companies now offer

Internet access through existing cable television connections using special cable modems that provide speeds of up to 5MB downstream and up to 768MB upstream.

Wireless options for connecting to the Internet include cellular networks, wireless wide area networks (WWANs), wireless LAN (WLAN) connections (if the WLAN ultimately connects to the Internet), and by satellite.


Summary

Connecting to the Internet An Internet connection in a home or small office

can be shared much like an Internet connection to a LAN is shared. They use similar technologies, although they generally offer fewer options and are simplified for home use.

Mobile users and remote offices often need to connect to the corporate intranet through the Internet using any of the connection technologies discussed earlier, with the addition of a virtual private network (VPN) for security.


Summary

Internet Clients Web technologies changed the look of Internet

content from all text to rich and colorful graphics and made it simple to navigate the Web through the use of a special type of client called a web browser.

The Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE) web browsers are available free for Windows and other operating systems.


Summary

Internet Clients Both Netscape Navigator and IE have a large

number of configuration settings that range from GUI preferences to settings critical to protect-ing your privacy and maintaining security for your computer and personal data.

To modify the settings in Netscape Navigator, use the menu option Edit | Preferences and select the Navigator node, which opens the preference settings.

Configuration settings for IE can be found at Tools | Internet Settings.


Summary

Internet Clients While some e-mail services require dedicated

clients, some e-mail clients can interact with a variety of e-mail server types. Microsoft Outlook can be used as a client to Microsoft’s Exchange Server e-mail service, as well as to Internet e-mail services. It supports the use of more than one e-mail account and offers a variety of related productivity tools such as address book, folders for organizing mail, an appointment calendar, to-do list, and scheduling.


Summary

Internet ClientsOutlook Express is an e-mail client and

news reader, bundled with Windows and installed during Windows installation. It can only be used for Internet e-mail accounts, but like Outlook, it will manage multiple e-mail accounts.


Summary

Internet ClientsTo configure any e-mail client, you

need a specific set of information:The type of mail server you are

accessing (POP3, IMAP, or HTTP)Your account name and passwordThe DNS name of the incoming mail

server The name of an outgoing mail server if

you are preparing to connect to a POP3 or IMAP server


Summary

Internet Clients File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol used

to transfer files between a computer running the FTP server service and an FTP client. It is a preferred method of transferring files over a TCP/IP network, because it is simple and fast.

An FTP site that allows anonymous connections is referred to as an anonymous FTP site.


Summary

Internet ClientsIf a site requires a user name and

password, you will be prompted, whether you are using a web browser to connect or an FTP client.

A web browser is fine for occasionally connecting to FTP sites, but use an FTP client to save settings for FTP sites you visit repeatedly.


Summary

Internet ClientsTo configure an FTP client you will

need:The host name of the FTP server.User ID and password (if applicable).Account (if applicable).You may also need to know if the FTP

server allows passive mode connections and/or secure (SSL) connections.


Summary

Troubleshooting Common Network Client Connection Problems Several command-line commands help in

diagnosing and solving network client connection problems. These utilities include:

IPCONFIGPINGTRACERTNETSTATNSLOOKUP


Summary

Troubleshooting Common Network Client Connection Problems Do not contribute to the 60 to 80 percent of help desk

calls associated with forgotten or mistyped passwords. Memorize your passwords and perform the following steps when logon does not work:

Ensure that Caps Lock is not on, and carefully reenter your user name and password.

If you are confident that you have entered the correct user name and password, treat it like a connectivity problem.

If you are confident that there is no connectivity problem, call your network administrator or ISP (as appropriate).

CSC 2260 Operating Systems and Networks

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Transcript of CSC 2260 Operating Systems and Networks