Cs2258-Dbms-Lab-Manual %281%29[1] (1)

CS 2258 – DBMS LAB MANUAL

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM NAGAR

KACHEEPURAM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU.

LAB MANUAL FOR CSE II YR

SUB NAME: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS LAB

SUB CODE: CS2258

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

CHENNAI 603 203

(as per anna university syllabus under 2008 regulations)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. To implement Data Definition language

VALLIAMMAI ENGINNERING COLLEGE 1


1.1. Create, alter, drop, truncate

1.2. To implement Constraints.

1.2.1. (a). Primary key, (b).Foreign Key, (c). Check, (d). Unique, (e). Null,

(f). Not null , (g) . Default, (h). Enable Constraints, (i). Disable Constraints

(j). Drop Constraints

2. To implementation on DML, TCL and DRL

2.1. (a).Insert, (b).Select, (c).Update, (d).Delete, (e).commit, (f).rollback,

(g).save point, (i). Like'%', (j).Relational Operator.

3. To implement Nested Queries & Join Queries

3.1.(a). To implementation of Nested Queries

3.2.(b). (a) Inner join, (b).Left join, (c).Right join (d).Full join

4. To implement Views

4.1. (a). View, (b).joint view, (c).force view, (d). View with check option

5(a). Control Structure

5.1. To write a PL/SQL block for Addition of Two Numbers

5.2. To write a PL/SQL block for IF Condition

5.3. To write a PL/SQL block for IF and else condition

5.4. To write a PL/SQL block for greatest of three numbers using IF AND ELSEIF

5.5. To write a PL/SQL block for summation of odd numbers using for LOOP

5. (b).Procedures

5.6. To write a PL/SQL Procedure using Positional Parameters

5.7. To write a PL/SQL Procedure using notational parameters

5.8. To write a PL/SQL Procedure for GCD Numbers

5.9. To write a PL/SQL Procedure for cursor implementation

5.10. To write a PL/SQL Procedure for explicit cursors implementation

5.11. To write a PL/SQL Procedure for implicit cursors implementation

5. (c). Functions:



5.13. To write a PL/SQL block to implementation of factorial using function

5.12. To write a PL/SQL function to search an address from the given database

6. Front End Tools

6.1. To design a form using different tools in Visual Basic

7. Form

7.1. To design a Single Document Interface and Multiple Document Interface forms

using Visual Basic.

8. Trigger:

8.1. To write a Trigger to pop-up the DML operations

8.2. To write a Trigger to check the age valid or not Using Message Alert.

8.3. Create a Trigger for Raise appropriate error code and error message.

8.4. Create a Trigger for a table it will update another table while inserting values

9. Menu Design

9.1. To design a Note Pad Application menu using Visual Basic.

10. Report design

10.1. To design a report using Visual Basic.

11. To design the Database and Implement it by using VB (Mini Project).

11.1. PASSPORT AUTOMATION SYSTEM

DBMS MANUALEX: NO: 1

DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL) COMMANDS IN RDBMSAIM:



To execute and verify the Data Definition Language commands and constraints

DDL (DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE) CREATE

ALTER

DROP

TRUNCATE

COMMENT

RENAME

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Create the table with its essential attributes.

STEP 3: Execute different Commands and extract information from the table.

STEP 4: Stop

SQL COMMANDS

1. COMMAND NAME: CREATE

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: CREATE command is used to create objects

in the database.

2. COMMAND NAME: DROP

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: DROP command is used to delete the object

from the database.

3. COMMAND NAME: TRUNCATE

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: TRUNCATE command is used to remove

all the records from the table

4. COMMAND NAME: ALTER

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: ALTER command is used to alter the structure of

database



5. COMMAND NAME: RENAME

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: RENAME command is used to rename the objects.

QUERY: 01

Q1. Write a query to create a table employee with empno, ename, designation, and salary.

Syntax for creating a table:

SQL: CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE> (SIZE), COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE> (SIZE) ……………………………);

Output:

Table created

QUERY: 02

Q2. Write a query to display the column name and datatype of the table employee.

Syntax for describe the table:

SQL: DESC <TABLE NAME>;SQL> DESC EMP;

Output:

QUERY: 03

Q3. Write a query for create a from an existing table with all the fields

Syntax For Create A from An Existing Table With All Fields

SQL> CREATE TABLE <TRAGET TABLE NAME> SELECT * FROM <SOURCE TABLE NAME>;

QUERY: 03

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP1 AS SELECT * FROM EMP;Table created.

QUERY: 04

Q4. Write a query for create a from an existing table with selected fields

Syntax For Create A from An Existing Table With Selected Fields



SQL> CREATE TABLE <TRAGET TABLE NAME> SELECT EMPNO, ENAME FROM <SOURCE TABLE NAME>;

QUERY: 05

Q5. Write a query for create a new table from an existing table without any record:

Syntax for create a new table from an existing table without any record:

SQL> CREATE TABLE <TRAGET TABLE NAME> AS SELECT * FROM <SOURCE TABLE NAME> WHERE <FALSE CONDITION>;

ALTER & MODIFICATION ON TABLE

QUERY: 06

Q6. Write a Query to Alter the column EMPNO NUMBER (4) TO EMPNO NUMBER (6).

Syntax for Alter & Modify on a Single Column:

SQL > ALTER <TABLE NAME> MODIFY <COLUMN NAME> <DATATYPE> (SIZE);

QUERY: 07

Q7. Write a Query to Alter the table employee with multiple columns (EMPNO, ENAME.)

Syntax for alter table with multiple column: SQL > ALTER <TABLE NAME> MODIFY <COLUMN NAME1> <DATATYPE> (SIZE), MODIFY <COLUMN NAME2> <DATATYPE> (SIZE)………………………………………….;

QUERY: 08

Q8. Write a query to add a new column in to employee

Syntax for add a new column:

SQL> ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> ADD (<COLUMN NAME> <DATA TYPE> <SIZE>);



QUERY: 09

Q9. Write a query to add multiple columns in to employee


SQL> ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> ADD (<COLUMN NAME1> <DATA TYPE> <SIZE>,(<COLUMN NAME2> <DATA TYPE> <SIZE>,………………………………………………………………);

REMOVE / DROP

QUERY: 10

Q10. Write a query to drop a column from an existing table employee


SQL> ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> DROP COLUMN <COLUMN NAME>;

QUERY: 11

Q10. Write a query to drop multiple columns from employee


SQL> ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> DROP <COLUMN NAME1>,<COLUMN NAME2>,…………………………….. ;

REMOVE

QUERY: 12

Q10. Write a query to rename table emp to employee


SQL> ALTER TABLE RENAME <OLD NAME> TO <NEW NAME>

CONSTRAINTS

Constraints are part of the table definition that limits and restriction on the value entered into its columns.

TYPES OF CONSTRAINTS:

1) Primary key



2) Foreign key/references3) Check4) Unique5) Not null6) Null7) Default

CONSTRAINTS CAN BE CREATED IN THREE WAYS:

1) Column level constraints2) Table level constraints3) Using DDL statements-alter table command

OPERATION ON CONSTRAINT:i) ENABLEii) DISABLEiii) DROP

Column level constraints Using Primary key

Q13. Write a query to create primary constraints with column level

Primary key

Syntax for Column level constraints Using Primary key:

SQL:>CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE>

(SIZE)<TYPE OF CONSTRAINTS> , COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE> (SIZE)

……………………………);

Column level constraints Using Primary key with naming convention

Q14. Write a query to create primary constraints with column level with naming convention


SQL: >CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE>

(SIZE)CONSTRAINTS <NAME OF THE CONSTRAINTS> <TYPE OF THE

CONSTRAINTS> , COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE> (SIZE)

……………………………);



Table Level Primary Key Constraints

Q15. Write a query to create primary constraints with table level with naming convention

Syntax for Table level constraints Using Primary key:

SQL: >CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE>

(SIZE) , COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE> (SIZE), CONSTRAINTS <NAME OF

THE CONSTRAINTS> <TYPE OF THE CONSTRAINTS>);

Table level constraint with alter command (primary key):

Q16. Write a query to create primary constraints with alter command



(SIZE), COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE> (SIZE) );

SQL> ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> ADD CONSTRAINTS <NAME OF THE

CONSTRAINTS> <TYPE OF THE CONSTRAINTS> <COLUMN NAME>);

Reference /foreign key constraint

Column level foreign key constraint:

Q.17. Write a query to create foreign key constraints with column levelParent Table:Syntax for Column level constraints Using Primary key:



……………………………);

Child Table:Syntax for Column level constraints Using foreign key:


(SIZE), COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE) REFERENCES <TABLE NAME>

(COLUMN NAME> ……………………………);



Column level foreign key constraint with naming conversions:

Parent Table:Syntax for Column level constraints Using Primary key:

Q.18. Write a query to create foreign key constraints with column level



……………………………);

Child Table:Syntax for Column level constraints using foreign key:


(SIZE) , COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE) CONSTRAINT <CONST.

NAME> REFERENCES <TABLE NAME> (COLUMN NAME>

……………………………);

Table Level Foreign Key ConstraintsQ.19. Write a query to create foreign key constraints with Table levelParent Table:SQL:>CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE>


……………………………);

Child Table:

Syntax for Table level constraints using foreign key:


(SIZE), COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE), CONSTRAINT <CONST.

NAME> REFERENCES <TABLE NAME> (COLUMN NAME> );

Table Level Foreign Key Constraints with Alter commandQ.20. Write a query to create foreign key constraints with Table level with alter command.Parent Table:SQL:>CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (COLUMN NAME.1 <DATATYPE>


……………………………);



Child Table:

Syntax for Table level constraints using foreign key:


(SIZE) , COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE));

SQL> ALTER TABLE <TABLE NAME> ADD CONSTRAINT <CONST. NAME>

REFERENCES <TABLE NAME> (COLUMN NAME>);

Check constraint

Column Level Check Constraint

Q.21. Write a query to create Check constraints with column levelSyntax for clumn level constraints using Check:


(SIZE) CONSTRAINT <CONSTRAINTS NAME> <TYPE OF CONSTRAINTS>

(CONSTRAITNS CRITERIA) , COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE));

Table Level Check Constraint:

Q.22. Write a query to create Check constraints with table levelSyntax for Table level constraints using Check:


(SIZE), (COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE), CONSTRAINT

<CONSTRAINTS NAME> <TYPE OF CONSTRAINTS> (CONSTRAITNS

CRITERIA)) ;

Check Constraint with Alter Command

Q.23. Write a query to create Check constraints with table level using alter command.Syntax for Table level constraints using Check:


(SIZE), (COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE), CONSTRAINT



<CONSTRAINTS NAME> <TYPE OF CONSTRAINTS> (CONSTRAITNS

CRITERIA)) ;

Unique Constraint

Column Level Constraint

Q.24. Write a query to create unique constraints with column level

Syntax for Column level constraints with Unique:

SQL :> CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (<COLUMN NAME.1> <DATATYPE> (SIZE) CONSTRAINT <NAME OF CONSTRAINTS> <CONSTRAINT TYPE>, (COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE)) ;

Table Level Constraint

Q.25. Write a query to create unique constraints with table level

Syntax for Table level constraints with Unique:

SQL :> CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (<COLUMN NAME.1> <DATATYPE> (SIZE), (COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE), CONSTRAINT <NAME OF CONSTRAINTS> <CONSTRAINT TYPE>(COLUMN NAME);) ;

Table Level Constraint Alter Command

Q.26. Write a query to create unique constraints with table level

Syntax for Table level constraints with Check Using Alter

SQL :> CREATE <OBJ.TYPE> <OBJ.NAME> (<COLUMN NAME.1> <DATATYPE> (SIZE), (COLUMN NAME2 <DATATYPE> (SIZE)) ;

SQL> ALTER TABLE ADD <CONSTRAINTS> <CONSTRAINTS NAME>

<CONSTRAINTS TYPE>(COLUMN NAME);

Not Null


Q.27. Write a query to create Not Null constraints with column level

Syntax for Column level constraints with Not Null:




Null


Q.28. Write a query to create Null constraints with column level

Syntax for Column level constraints with Null:


Constraint Disable \ EnableConstraint Disable

Q.29. Write a query to disable the constraints

Syntax for disabling a single constraint in a table:SQL>ALTER TABLE <TABLE-NAME> DISABLE CONSTRAINT <CONSTRAINT-NAME>

Constraint Enable

Q.30. Write a query to enable the constraints

Syntax for disabling a single constraint in a table:SQL>ALTER TABLE <TABLE-NAME> DISABLE CONSTRAINT <CONSTRAINT-NAME>



Result:-Thus the given DDL commands in RDMS is executed and its output is verified.

EX: NO: 2To implementation on DML and DCL Commands in RDBMS

AIM:To execute and verify the DML and TCL Language commands

DML (DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE)

SELECT

INSERT

DELETE

UPDATE

TCL (TRANSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE)

COMMIT

ROLL BACK

SAVE POINT

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start


STEP 3: Insert the record into table

STEP 4: Update the existing records into the table

STEP 5: Delete the records in to the table

STEP 6: use save point if any changes occur in any portion of the record to undo its

original state.

STEP 7: use rollback for completely undo the records

STEP 6: use commit for permanently save the records.

SQL COMMANDS



1. COMMAND NAME: INSERT

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: INSERT command is used to Insert objects

in the database.

2. COMMAND NAME: SELECT

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: SELECT command is used to SELECT the object from

the database.

3. COMMAND NAME: UPDATE

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: UPDATE command is used to UPDATE

the records from the table

4. COMMAND NAME: DELETE

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: DELETE command is used to DELETE the

Records form the table

5. COMMAND NAME: COMMIT

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: COMMIT command is used to save the

Records.

6. COMMAND NAME: ROLLBACK

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: ROLL BACK command is used to undo the

Records.

6. COMMAND NAME: SAVE POINT

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: SAVE POINT command is used to undo the

Records in a particular transaction.

INSERT

QUERY: 01

Q1. Write a query to insert the records in to employee.Syntax for Insert Records in to a table:

SQL :> INSERT INTO <TABLE NAME> VALUES< VAL1, ‘VAL2’,…..);



SELECT

QUERY: 02

Q2. Write a query to display the records from employee.Syntax for select Records from the table:

SQL> SELECT * FROM <TABLE NAME>;

INSERT A RECORD USING SUBSITUTION METHOD

QUERY: 03

Q3. Write a query to insert the records in to employee using substitution method.Syntax for Insert Records into the table:

SQL :> INSERT INTO <TABLE NAME> VALUES< ‘&column name’, ‘&column name 2’,…..);

UPDATE

QUERY: 04

Q4. Write a query to update the records from employee.

Syntax for update Records from the table:

SQL> UPDATE <<TABLE NAME> SET <COLUMNANE>=<VALUE> WHERE

<COLUMN NAME=<VALUE>;

UPDATE MULTIPLE COLUMNS

QUERY: 05

Q5. Write a query to update multiple records from employee.

Syntax for update multiple Records from the table:



SQL> UPDATE <<TABLE NAME> SET <COLUMNANE>=<VALUE> WHERE

<COLUMN NAME=<VALUE>;

DELETE

QUERY: 06

Q6. Write a query to delete records from employee.

Syntax for delete Records from the table:

SQL> DELETE <TABLE NAME> WHERE <COLUMN NAME>=<VALUE>;

TCL(TRANSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE)

SAVEPOINT:

QUERY: 07

Q7. Write a query to implement the save point.

Syntax for save point:

SQL> SAVEPOINT <SAVE POINT NAME>;

ROLL BACK

QUERY: 08

Q8. Write a query to implement the Rollback.

Syntax for save point:

SQL> ROLL BACK <SAVE POINT NAME>;

COMMIT

QUERY: 09



Q9. Write a query to implement the Rollback.

Syntax for commit:

SQL> COMMIT;

DCL (DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE)

CREATING A USER

SQL>CONNECT SYSTEM/MANAGER;

SQL>CREATE USER "USERNAME" IDENTIFIED BY "PASSWORD"

SQL>GRANT DBA TO "USERNAME"

SQL>CONNECT "USERNAME"/"PASSWORD";

EXAMPLE

CREATING A USER

SQL>CONNECT SYSTEM/MANAGER;

SQL>CREATE USER CSE2 IDENTIFIED BY CSECSE;

SQL>GRANT DBA TO CSE2;

SQL>CONNECT CSE2/CSECSE;

SQL>REVOKE DBA FROM CSE2;



Result:-Thus the given program to implement DML & DCL in RDBMS is executed & its

output is verified.

EX: NO: 3 NESTED QUERIES AND JOIN QUERIES

EX: NO: 3 A Nested Queries

AIM

To execute and verify the SQL commands for Nested Queries.

OBJECTIVE:

Nested Query can have more than one level of nesting in one single query. A SQL nested

query is a SELECT query that is nested inside a SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE SQL

query.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Create two different tables with its essential attributes.

STEP 3: Insert attribute values into the table.

STEP 4: Create the Nested query from the above created table.

STEP 5: Execute Command and extract information from the tables.

STEP 6: Stop

SQL COMMANDS

1. COMMAND NAME: SELECT

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: SELECT command is used to select records from the table.

2. COMMAND NAME: WHERE



COMMAND DESCRIPTION: WHERE command is used to identify particular elements.

3. COMMAND NAME: HAVING

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: HAVING command is used to identify particular elements.

4. COMMAND NAME: MIN (SAL)

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: MIN (SAL) command is used to find minimum salary.

Table -1

SYNTAX FOR CREATING A TABLE:


SYNTAX FOR INSERTING RECORDS IN TO A TABLE:


SYNTAX FOR SELECT RECORDS FROM THE TABLE:


TABLE- 2

SYNTAX FOR CREATING A TABLE:


SYNTAX FOR INSERT RECORDS IN TO A TABLE:


SYNTAX FOR SELECT RECORDS FROM THE TABLE:




GENERAL SYNTAX FOR NESTED QUERY:

SELECT "COLUMN_NAME1"

FROM "TABLE_NAME1"

WHERE "COLUMN_NAME2" [COMPARISON OPERATOR]

(SELECT "COLUMN_NAME3"

FROM "TABLE_NAME2"

WHERE [CONDITION])

SYNTAX NESTED QUERY STATEMENT:

SQL> SELECT <COLUMN_NAME> FROM FRORM <TABLE _1> WHERE

<COLUMN_NAME> <RELATIONAL _OPERATION> ‘VALUE’

(SELECT (AGGRECATE FUNCTION) FROM <TABLE_1> WHERE <COLUMN

NAME> = ‘VALUE’

(SELECT <COLUMN_NAME> FROM <TABLE_2> WHERE <COLUMN_NAME=

‘VALUE’));

NESTED QUERY STATEMENT:

SQL> SELECT ENAME FROM EMP2 WHERE SAL>

(SELECT MIN(SAL) FROM EMP2 WHERE DPTNO=

(SELECT DEPTNO FROM DEPT2 WHERE LOCATION='UK'));



RESULT: Thus the SQL commands for nested and join has been verified and executed successfully.

EX: NO: 3 B JOINS

AIM

To execute and verify the SQL commands using Join queries.

OBJECTIVE:

SQL joins are used to query data from two or more tables, based on a relationship

between certain columns in these tables.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start


STEP 3: Insert attribute values into the table

STEP 4: Execute different Commands and extract information from the table.

STEP 5: Stop

SQL COMMANDS

1. COMMAND NAME: INNER JOIN

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: The INNER JOIN keyword return rows when there is at

least one match in both tables.

2. COMMAND NAME: LEFT JOIN

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left

table (table_name1), even if there are no matches in the right table (table_name2).

3. COMMAND NAME: RIGHT JOIN



COMMAND DESCRIPTION: The RIGHT JOIN keyword Return all rows from the right

table (table_name2), even if there are no matches in the left table (table_name1).

4. COMMAND NAME : FULL JOIN

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: The FULL JOIN keyword return rows when there is a

match in one of the tables.



1. INNER JOIN SYNTAX

INNTER JOIN SYNTAX

SQL>SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_name1INNER JOIN table_name2ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

2. LEFT JOIN SYNTAX

SQL> SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_name1

LEFT JOIN table_name2

ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

3. RIGHT JOIN

SQL>SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo

FROM PersonsRIGHT JOIN OrdersON Persons.P_Id=Orders.P_IdORDER BY Persons.LastName

4. FULL JOIN SYNTAX

SQL>SELECT column_name(s)

FROM table_name1FULL JOIN table_name2ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

Result:- Thus the given program for joins is executed and its output is verified.



EX: NO: 4 VIEWS

AIM

To execute and verify the SQL commands for Views.

OBJECTIVE:

Views Helps to encapsulate complex query and make it reusable. Provides user security on each view - it depends on your data policy security. Using view to convert units - if you have a financial data in US currency, you can

create view to convert them into Euro for viewing in Euro currency.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start


STEP 3: Insert attribute values into the table.

STEP 4: Create the view from the above created table.

STEP 5: Execute different Commands and extract information from the View.

STEP 6: Stop

SQL COMMANDS

1. COMMAND NAME: CREATE VIEW

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: CREATE VIEW command is used to define a view.

2. COMMAND NAME: INSERT IN VIEW

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: INSERT command is used to insert a new row into the view.

3. COMMAND NAME: DELETE IN VIEW

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: DELETE command is used to delete a row from the view.

4. COMMAND NAME: UPDATE OF VIEW

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: UPDATE command is used to change a value in a tuple

without changing all values in the tuple.

5. COMMAND NAME: DROP OF VIEW

COMMAND DESCRIPTION: DROP command is used to drop the view table



COMMANDS EXECUTION

SYNTAX FOR CREATION OF TABLE

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE ( EMPLOYEE_NAMEVARCHAR2(10),EMPLOYEE_NONUMBER(8),DEPT_NAME VARCHAR2(10),DEPT_NO NUMBER (5),DATE_OF_JOIN DATE);

Table created.

SYNTAX FOR CREATION OF VIEW

SQL> CREATE <VIEW> <VIEW NAME> AS SELECT <COLUMN_NAME_1>, <COLUMN_NAME_2> FROM <TABLE NAME>;

INSERTION INTO VIEW

INSERT STATEMENT:SYNTAX:SQL> INSERT INTO <VIEW_NAME> (COLUMN NAME1,………)VALUES(VALUE1,….);

DELETION OF VIEW:DELETE STATEMENT:SYNTAX:SQL> DELETE <VIEW_NMAE>WHERE <COLUMN NMAE> =’VALUE’;

UPDATE STATEMENT:SYNTAX:AQL>UPDATE <VIEW_NAME> SET< COLUMN NAME> = <COLUMN NAME> +<VIEW> WHERE <COLUMNNAME>=VALUE;

DROP A VIEW:SYNTAX:SQL> DROP VIEW <VIEW_NAME>



CREATE A VIEW WITH SELECTED FIELDS:SYNTAX:

SQL>CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW <VIEW NAME>AS SELECT <COLUMN NAME1>…..FROM <TABLE ANME>;

Note:Replace is the keyboard to avoid the error “ora_0095:name is already used by an existing abject”.

JOIN VIEW:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW DEPT_EMP AS SELECT A.EMPNO "EID",A.ENAME "EMPNAME",A.DEPTNO "DNO",B.DNAME "D_NAME",B.LOC "D_LOC" FROM EMPL A,DEPMT B WHERE A.DEPTNO=B.DEPTNO;

VIEW READ ONLY AND CHECK OPTION:READ ONLY CLAUSE:

You can create a view with read only option which enable other to only query .no dml operation can be performed to this type of a view.

FORCE VIEWSYNTAXSQL> CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW MYVIEW AS SELECT * FROM XYZ;

COMPILING A VIEW

SYNTAX:ALTER VIEW <VIEW_NAME> COMPILE;

RESULT: Thus the SQL commands for View has been verified and executed successfully.



EX: NO: 5 A CONTROL STRCTURE

AIM

To write a PL/SQL block using different control (if, if else, for loop, while loop,…)

statements.

OBJECTIVE:

PL/SQL Control Structure provides conditional tests, loops, flow control and branches that

let to produce well-structured programs.

Addition of Two Numbers:

1. Write a PL/SQL Program for Addition of Two Numbers

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Initialize the necessary variables.

STEP 3: Develop the set of statements with the essential operational parameters.

STEP 4: Specify the Individual operation to be carried out.

STEP 5: Execute the statements.

STEP 6: Stop.

PL/ SQL General Syntax

SQL> DECLARE

<VARIABLE DECLARATION>;

BEGIN

<EXECUTABLE STATEMENT >;

END;



PL/ SQL GENERAL SYNTAX FOR IF CONDITION:

SQL> DECLARE <VARIABLE DECLARATION>; BEGIN IF(CONDITION)THEN <EXECUTABLE STATEMENT >; END;

PL/ SQL GENERAL SYNTAX FOR IF AND ELSECONDITION:

SQL> DECLARE


BEGIN

IF (TEST CONDITION) THEN

<STATEMENTS>;

ELSE

<STATEMENTS>;

ENDIF;

END;

PL/ SQL GENERAL SYNTAX FOR NESTED IF:

SQL> DECLARE


BEGIN

IF (TEST CONDITION) THEN

<STATEMENTS>;

ELSEIF (TEST CONDITION) THEN

<STATEMENTS>;

ELSE

<STATEMENTS>;



ENDIF;

END;

PL/ SQL GENERAL SYNTAX FOR LOOPING STATEMENT:

SQL> DECLARE


BEGIN

LOOP

<STATEMENT>;

END LOOP;

<EXECUTAVLE STATEMENT>;

END;

PL/ SQL GENERAL SYNTAX FOR LOOPING STATEMENT:

SQL> DECLARE


BEGIN

WHILE <condition>

LOOP

<STATEMENT>;

END LOOP;

<EXECUTABLE STATEMENT>;

END;

Result : - Thus, the given PL/SQL block using different control structures is executed and its

output is verified.



EX: NO:5B PROCEDURES AIM

To write a PL/SQL block to display the student name, marks whose average mark is above 60%.

ALGORITHM

STEP1:Start

STEP2:Create a table with table name stud_exam

STEP3:Insert the values into the table and Calculate total and average of each student

STEP4: Execute the procedure function the student who get above 60%.

STEP5: Display the total and average of student

STEP6: End

EXECUTION

SETTING SERVEROUTPUT ON:

SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

PROCEDURE USING POSITIONAL PARAMETERS:

SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ONSQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROC1 AS 2 BEGIN 3 DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello from procedure...'); 4 END; 5 /

Result:-Thus the given program to execute procedures is executed and its output is verified.



EX: NO: 5C FUNCTIONS

AIM

To write a Functional procedure to search an address from the given database.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Create the table with essential attributes.

STEP 3: Initialize the Function to carryout the searching procedure..

STEP 4: Frame the searching procedure for both positive and negative searching.

STEP 5: Execute the Function for both positive and negative result .

STEP 6: Stop

RESULT:Thus the Function for searching process has been executed successfully.



EX:NO:6 FRONT END TOOLS

AIM

To design a form using different tools in Visual Basic.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Create the form with essential controls in tool box.

STEP 3: Write the code for doing the appropriate functions.

STEP 4: Save the forms and project.

STEP 5: Execute the form .

STEP 6: Stop

RESULT: Thus the program has been loaded and executed successfully.



EX: NO:7 FORM DESIGN

AIM

To design a Single Document Interface and Multiple Document Interface forms using Visual Basic.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Create the form with essential controls in tool box.



STEP 5: Execute the form.

STEP 6: Stop

RESULT: Thus the program has been loaded and executed successfully.



EX: NO: 8 TRIGGER

AIM

To develop and execute a Trigger for Before and After update, Delete, Insert operations on a

table.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Initialize the trigger with specific table id.

STEP 3:Specify the operations (update, delete, insert) for which the trigger has to be

executed.

STEP 4: Execute the Trigger procedure for both Before and After sequences

STEP 5: Carryout the operation on the table to check for Trigger execution.

STEP 6: Stop

RESULT: Thus the Trigger procedure has been executed successfully for both before and after sequences.



EX:NO:9 MENU DESIGN

AIM

To design a Note Pad Application menu using Visual Basic.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Create the form with essential controls and insert the menu using menu editor.



STEP 5: Execute the form.

STEP 6: Stop

RESULT: Thus the VB program for Menu design is executed successfully and its output is verified.



EX: NO: 10 REPORT DESIGN

AIM

To design a report design using Visual Basic.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Create the form with essential controls and insert the menu using menu editor.



STEP 5: Execute the form and generate report

STEP 6: Stop

RESULT: Thus the VB program for report design has been loaded and executed successfully.



Ex. No. 11. MINI PROJECT

PASSPORT AUTOMATION SYSTEM

A PROJECT MINI REPORT

Submitted by

NAME:REG.NO:

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERINGVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

KATTANKULATHUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025MAY 2011

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,KATTANKULATHUR

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025



ABSTRACT

Earlier the issue of passport was done manually which eventually

became hectic as the number of applications saw an exponential rise. Also it

took several months for applicants to obtain the passport. Only after this, the

concept of computerization in processing of passport applications came into

consideration. This software Passport Automation System is used in the

effective dispatch of passport. It adopts a comprehensive approach to

minimize the manual work and schedule resources and time in a cogent

manner. It adopts different strategies to tackle the rise in the number of

passport applications. The main objective of the system is to ensure speedy

dispatch of passport to the applicants and to minimize the manual work.

Technical and practical problems encountered during the development are

discussed in this paper, and a thorough performance evaluation of the

developed prototype is also presented.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

NO.

TITLE PAGE

ABSTRACT iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES viii

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 About Passport Automation System

1.2 Problem Definition

1.3 Existing System

1.4 Proposed System

1.5 Environment Specification

1.5.1 Hardware Specification

1.5.2 Software Specification

1.6 Technologies used

1.7 Software Engineering Paradigm

1.8 System Planning

2. SYSTEM DESIGN

2.1 Input Design

2.1.1 Input Description

2.2 Database Design

2.3 ER Diagram

2.4 Use case diagram

2.5 Class Diagram

2.6 Activity Diagram

2.7 Sequence Diagram



2.8 Collaboration Diagram

2.9 Component Diagram

2.10 Deployment Diagram

3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

3.1 System Architecture

4. IMPLEMENTATION OF PAS

4.1 Screenshots

4.2 Coding

4.2.1 Code for Opening Screen

4.2.2 Code for Main Page

4.2.3 Code for New Registration

4.2.4 Code for checking status

4.2.5 Code for authentication to Admin

Panel

4.2.6 Code for Admin Panel

4.2.7 Code for processing application

5. SYSTEM TESTING

5.1 Unit Testing

5.1.1 New registration test case

5.1.2 Check Status test case

5.1.3 Authentication test case

5.1.4 Admin Panel test case

5.2 Integration Testing

6. CONCLUSION

7. REFERENCES



LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE



2.1 Registrations

5.1 New Registrations test case

5.2 Check Status test case

5.3 Authentication test case

5.4 Admin Panel test case

5.5 Integration Testing

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG NO. TITLE PAGE



2.1 ER Diagram

2.2 Use case Diagram

2.3 Class Diagram

2.4 Activity Diagram for New Registration

2.5 Activity Diagram for Checking Status

2.6 Activity Diagram for Admin Panel

2.7 Sequence Diagram for New Registration

2.8 Sequence Diagram for Checking Status

2.9 Sequence Diagram for Admin Panel

2.10 Collaboration Diagram for New

Registration

2.11 Collaboration Diagram for Checking

Status

2.12 Collaboration Diagram for Admin Panel

2.13 Component Diagram for PAS

2.14 Deployment Diagram for PAS

3.1 Passport Automation System Architecture

4.1 Startup Screen

4.2 Main menu

4.3 New Registration

4.4 Check Status

4.5 Authentication Screen

4.6 Admin Panel

4.7 Process Application

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS



PAS Passport Automation System

VB Visual Basic

SDLC Software Development Life Cycle

ER Entity - Relationship

CONCLUSION



PAS simplifies the manual work load and is helpful in the effective dispatch of

passport. The applicant of passport is benefited by the fact that he need not go all the way

to the passport office to submit application but can do this from the comfort of his own.

The job of the administrator is simplified because of this system. The applicant can check

his passport status anytime, anywhere and he need not stand in the enquiry queue.

Furthermore, the time taken for the passport to reach the applicant is considerably

reduced.

REFERENCES



[1] Ali Bahrami, “Object oriented Systems development”,

using the unified modeling language, Tata McGraw Hill

edition, pp.400-420, 2008

[2] Gary Cornell, “Visual basic 6: from the GROUND UP”

Build windows and web applications step by step, pp. 950-

1000

[3] Kevin Loney, “Oracle 10g: The complete reference”,

Master the revolutionary features of oracle, pp. 940-950,

2004

[4] Steven Holzner, “Visual Basic black book”,

Comprehensive problem solver, pp. 1050-1100, 1998.


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