CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 22
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Transcript of CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 22
Introduction to ProgrammingIntroduction to Programming
Lecture 22Lecture 22
ReviewReview
Bit wise Manipulation Bit wise Manipulation
andand
Assignment OperatorAssignment Operator
a = a + 1 ;a = a + 1 ;
a += 1 ;a += 1 ;
Bit Manipulation Bit Manipulation OperatorsOperators
&=&= Bitwise AND Assignment OperatorBitwise AND Assignment Operator
|= |= Bitwise OR Assignment OperatorBitwise OR Assignment Operator
^=^= Bitwise Exclusive OR Assignment Bitwise Exclusive OR Assignment
OperatorOperator
Assignment Assignment OperatorOperator
a &= b ;a &= b ;
Same asSame as
a = a & b ;a = a & b ;
Assignment Assignment OperatorOperator
a |= b ;a |= b ;
Same asSame as
a = a | b ;a = a | b ;
Assignment Assignment OperatorOperator
a ^= b ;a ^= b ;
Same asSame as
a = a ^ b ;a = a ^ b ;
Design RecipesDesign Recipes AnalyzeAnalyze a problem statement, a problem statement,
typically expressed as a word problemtypically expressed as a word problem Express its Express its essenceessence, abstractly and , abstractly and
with with examplesexamples FormulateFormulate statementsstatements and and
commentscomments in a in a precise languageprecise language EvaluateEvaluate and and reviserevise the activities in the activities in
the light of checks and tests.the light of checks and tests. PAY ATTENTION TO DETAILPAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL
VariablesVariables
Symbolic Symbolic NamesNames
xx
ii
BasicPayBasicPay
HouseRentHouseRent
Data typesData types Whole numbers: Whole numbers:
– int, short, long, unsigned int, short, long, unsigned Real Numbers (with decimal points)Real Numbers (with decimal points)
– float, doublefloat, double Character dataCharacter data
– charchar
int = 4 bytesint = 4 bytes
char = 1 bytechar = 1 byte
ASCII TableASCII Table
ArraysArraysCollection of same data Collection of same data
typestypes
Arithmetic Arithmetic OperatorsOperators
PlusPlus ++MinusMinus --MultiplyMultiply **DivideDivide / / ModulusModulus %%
Modulus OperatorModulus Operator
a % b ;a % b ;7 % 2 = 1 ;7 % 2 = 1 ;
100 % 20 = 0 ;100 % 20 = 0 ;
Compound Compound Arithmetic Arithmetic OperatorsOperators
+=+=
-=-=
*=*=
/=/=
%=%=
Compound Compound Arithmetic Arithmetic OperatorsOperators
a = a + b ;a = a + b ;
a += b ;a += b ;
Logical Logical OperatorsOperators
ANDAND &&&&
OROR ||||
Comparison Comparison OperatorsOperatorsa < b ;a < b ;
a <= b ;a <= b ;
a == b ;a == b ;
a >= b ;a >= b ;
a > b ;a > b ;
a = b;a = b;
if ( a = b )if ( a = b )
//Wrong//Wrong //Logical Error//Logical Error
a > b ;a > b ;
a >= b ;a >= b ;
Bit wise Bit wise OperatorsOperators
Bit wise AND Bit wise AND & (Binary)& (Binary)
Bit wise ORBit wise OR || (Binary)(Binary)
Bit wise Exclusive ORBit wise Exclusive OR ^ ^ (Binary)(Binary)
NOTNOT ~~ (unary)(unary)
Sequential Sequential ConstructConstruct
Decision ConstructDecision Construct Loop ConstructLoop Construct
If-statementIf-statementif ( condition ) if ( condition )
{{
statement ( s ) ; statement ( s ) ;
}}
If-else If-else if ( condition )if ( condition ){{
statement ( s ) ;statement ( s ) ;}}elseelse{{
statement ( s ) ;statement ( s ) ;
}}
if ( a > b && c < if ( a > b && c < d )d )
Nested if Nested if statementsstatements
if ( condition )if ( condition ){{
statement ( s ) ;statement ( s ) ;
if ( condition )if ( condition ){{
statement ( s ) ;statement ( s ) ;}}statement ( s ) ;statement ( s ) ;
}}
While LoopsWhile Loops
while ( a > b )while ( a > b )
{{
statement ( s ) ;statement ( s ) ;
}}
While LoopsWhile Loops
While loop executes While loop executes
zero or more timeszero or more times
Do - whileDo - whiledo do
{{
statement ( s ) ;statement ( s ) ;
}}
while ( condition ) ;while ( condition ) ;
Do - whileDo - whileDo-while loop Do-while loop
executes executes
one or more one or more timestimes
For LoopsFor Loops
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ ; )for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ ; )
{{
statement ( s ) ;statement ( s ) ;
}}
i = i + 1 ;i = i + 1 ; i += 1 ;i += 1 ; i ++ ;i ++ ;
Switch StatementSwitch Statement
break ;break ; continue ;continue ;
FunctionsFunctions
Call by valueCall by value Call by referenceCall by reference
ArraysArrays
ArraysArraysint a [ 10 ] ;int a [ 10 ] ;
a [ 0 ] ;a [ 0 ] ;::
a [ 9 ] ;a [ 9 ] ;
PointersPointers
PointersPointers
Memory address of a Memory address of a variable is stored variable is stored inside a pointerinside a pointer
Files and their Files and their
Input / Output Input / Output systemssystems