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Operating Mode

A rough guide presented by Mersmann (2001),

(ln)

(ln)=

> 8,

(ln)(ln) =

< 1,

8 > (ln)(ln) = > 1,

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Operating Mode

For Citric Acid,

= 3.69 3.94 Hence, Vacuum or Adiabatic Cooling Crystallization

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Crystallizer Type

From Samant and OYoung (2006),

Capital Costs: DTB/DT > OSLO > FC > SCB/SB

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Equipment Sizing: Calculation Flow

DiagramRetention time

= 3.67Minimum Active Volume

=

Sizing

= +

= 0.1868 + 4 (1.5)

Height of Cone

= tan55(2 0.12 )

Height of Cylinder

= 1.5

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Mechanical Engineering Design

The selected material for the crystallizer is stainless steel

316 due to its high corrosion resistance (Westhoff et al.,

2004).

Shell Thickness

=

Torispherical Head Thickness

= 4

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Mechanical Engineering Design

ConeThickness

=

Corrosion Allowance: 2 mm

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Mechanical Engineering Design

Leg Support, Angle Type

= [ + 6 + ( + 6)

= [ 6 + ( 6

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Mechanical Engineering Design

Figure A.5.4.5.Angle Leg Dimensions

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Pipe and Nozzle Sizing

To calculate the diamters of the pipe the followinf equation

is used (Timmerhaus, 1991),

, = 3.9.

.

Manways

From Megyesy (2005), for vessels with diameters greaterthan 36 inches (the shell diameter of the crystallizer is

43.92 inch), a 15 in inner diameter manhole is installed.

The location of the manhole is preferably in the head.

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Direct Contact Condenser

F16

W, T1 Non-condensable gases

W + F16, T2

+

.= +

.

= .

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Direct Contact Condenser

Vapor Inlet

Non-condensable gasesCooling Water Inlet

Water Capacity = 40 gpm

A = 53 in

B=7 inC= 6 in

D= 11 in

E= 42 in

F = 48.5 in

G=4.5 in

Water inlet = 2 in

Vapor inlet = 10 in

Gas Outlet = 2 in

Discharge Outlet = 3 in

Discharge Outlet

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Centrifugal Pump Single Suction

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Centrifugal Pump Single Suction

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Centrifugal Pump Single Suction

Suction outlet = 5 in

Discharge outlet = 3 in

CP = 30.5625 in

DC=6.25 in

DD=5.375 in

R=3.75 in

NPOT Drain = 0.25 in

W = 5.3125 in

X = 7 in

Y = 3 in

Z = 5.625 in

L = 11.8125 inA = 8.5 inAB = 5.875 inB = 6.5 inD = 4.5 inE = 3.75 inF=2.75 inG = 0.1875 inH = 0.375 inP = 7.875 in

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Two stage reciprocating

dry vacuum pump