Crusades Five crusades Retake Holy Land Spread Christianity First of the five crusades very...
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Transcript of Crusades Five crusades Retake Holy Land Spread Christianity First of the five crusades very...
The Crusades
Crusades
• Five crusades • Retake Holy Land• Spread Christianity• First of the five crusades very
successful• Latter four not so successful
Background
• 1095, Pope Urban II• Redirect violent energies
outsides of Europe• European Unity• Perceived enemy• Did succeed in driving
Muslims out of Europe
First Crusade
• 1095 1099 – Pope Urban II• Arrived in Jerusalem in 1099
and massacred Muslims• Several small crusade states
created ruled by Frankish overlords
• Some small attempts to expand
Challenges of Organizing Crusades
• Language barriers• Leadership• Fighting styles and
military backgrounds
1101
• Three separate waves that attempted to expand
• Crusade of the Faint-Hearted• Defeated by the Turks
Second Crusade
• 1147-1149• Called for by Germany and
France• Marched upon Jerusalem in
1147 • Did have more success in
Portugal• Huge amount of violence
against Jews and Muslims
Third Crusade
• 1187-1192• Sultan Saladin unites Muslim• Overwhelmed Christian holdings
in 1187• King Richard Lion-Heart of England • King Frederick of Germany • King Philip of France• Richard re-conquered minor
coastal cities
Saladin (Ghassan Massoud)
Fourth Crusade
• Venice supplied ships• Alexius III – Constantinople • Doomed Byzantine Empire• 1450, Turks overtook
Byzantine
Apologetics
• How does Christianity account for such violence
• Acknowledge the gruesome truth• Distinguish worldly Church from heavenly
Church (Augustine)• Alternatives (Other religions, atheism, etc.)