Crusades & Black Plague

The CrusadesThe Crusades1050-14501050-1450

Crusades were carried out by Crusades were carried out by Christian political and religious Christian political and religious leaders to take leaders to take control of the control of the Holy Land from the MuslimsHoly Land from the Muslims.. The “The “Holy LandHoly Land” is the ” is the

Christian term for Christian term for JerusalemJerusalem

Late Middle AgesLate Middle AgesThe CrusadesThe Crusades

The CrusadesThe CrusadesThere are five key events in There are five key events in the Crusadesthe Crusades

The Crusades – 1The Crusades – 1stst Key Key EventEvent

Pope Urban II SpeechPope Urban II Speech – Islamic – Islamic armies had captured Jerusalem in armies had captured Jerusalem in 637. In 1095, 458 years later, Pope 637. In 1095, 458 years later, Pope Urban urged Christians to Urban urged Christians to use any use any means necessarymeans necessary to take back the to take back the Holy Land.Holy Land.

The Crusades – 1The Crusades – 1stst Key Key EventEvent

Motives were Motives were not strictly religiousnot strictly religious.. He wanted to increase his power, heal He wanted to increase his power, heal

the great schism between the Eastern the great schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Catholic Church.

He also wanted to He also wanted to limit Christians limit Christians fighting Christiansfighting Christians, which was , which was common during this time.common during this time.

The Crusades – 2nd Key The Crusades – 2nd Key EventEvent

Capture of JerusalemCapture of Jerusalem – In 1099, – In 1099, Christian crusaders did manage to Christian crusaders did manage to recapture Jerusalem. recapture Jerusalem. In the process, they In the process, they slaughtered slaughtered

everyoneeveryone they came across, they came across, Muslim, Jew, and Christian.Muslim, Jew, and Christian.

The Crusades – 3rd Key The Crusades – 3rd Key EventEvent

Founding of the Crusader StatesFounding of the Crusader States After the success of the First After the success of the First

Crusade and the taking of Crusade and the taking of Jerusalem, the Christians set up Jerusalem, the Christians set up four small city-statesfour small city-states called the called the Crusader States.Crusader States.

County of Edessa, Principality of County of Edessa, Principality of Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Antioch, Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of TripoliCounty of Tripoli

County of Edessa

Principality of Antioch

County of Tripoli

Kingdom of Jerusalem

The Crusades – 3rd Key The Crusades – 3rd Key EventEvent

Despite this early success, Despite this early success, Muslims continued to fightMuslims continued to fight with with Christians over this territory.Christians over this territory.Christians responded by building Christians responded by building huge, huge, fortress castlesfortress castles to defend to defend themselves.themselves.

http://www.kuchtaworld.net/photos/images/crusader_castle_jpg.jpg

The Crusades – 4th Key The Crusades – 4th Key EventEvent

Loss of Jerusalem to SaladinLoss of Jerusalem to Saladin in in 1187. Saladin was a Muslim 1187. Saladin was a Muslim general who retook the city.general who retook the city.Unlike the Christian crusaders, Unlike the Christian crusaders, Saladin gave fair warningSaladin gave fair warning to to anyone that he was invading, and anyone that he was invading, and he allowed both Christians and he allowed both Christians and Jews to live in peace in the city.Jews to live in peace in the city.


Sacking of Constantinople by Sacking of Constantinople by Western CrusadersWestern Crusaders In 1204, during the 4In 1204, during the 4thth Crusade Crusade

(there were 7 major crusades and 4 (there were 7 major crusades and 4 or 5 minor ones), Venice sent or 5 minor ones), Venice sent Crusaders to attack Constantinople.Crusaders to attack Constantinople.

Now why would they do that?Now why would they do that?


Venice was a trading town. Its Venice was a trading town. Its biggest competitionbiggest competition was from was from Constantinople. Constantinople. Crusaders asked the Venetians to Crusaders asked the Venetians to

transport themtransport them to the Holy Land. to the Holy Land. Venetians convinced them to take a Venetians convinced them to take a

detour first.detour first.


Venetians convinced the Crusaders to Venetians convinced the Crusaders to sack the city. sack the city. Crusaders did successfully attack the cityCrusaders did successfully attack the city

and they stole everything that wasn’t and they stole everything that wasn’t nailed down, and some stuff that was!nailed down, and some stuff that was!

Today, the best Today, the best Byzantine artByzantine art can be can be found in Venicefound in Venice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liPMRLO_GpIv=liPMRLO_GpI

Four Effects of the CrusadesFour Effects of the Crusades1.1. Weakened the PopeWeakened the Pope and nobles and nobles

but strengthened the kings and but strengthened the kings and monarchs.monarchs.

2.2. Stimulated tradeStimulated trade through the through the Mediterranean world and the Mediterranean world and the Middle EastMiddle East

Four Effects of the CrusadesFour Effects of the Crusades3.3. Left a legacy of bitternessLeft a legacy of bitterness among among

Christians, Jews, and Muslims Christians, Jews, and Muslims (and this bitterness still survives (and this bitterness still survives to this day!)to this day!)

4.4. After the 4After the 4thth Crusade, the Crusade, the Byzantine Empire is left very Byzantine Empire is left very weak.weak.

Invasions of the Late Invasions of the Late Middle AgesMiddle Ages

Three Types of InvasionsThree Types of Invasions

1.1.MongolMongol2.2.OttomanOttoman3.3.InfectiousInfectious

Mongol InvasionsMongol Invasions

Mongols, you’ll Mongols, you’ll remember are from remember are from north of Chinanorth of China

Mongol InvasionsMongol Invasions•They moved out from They moved out from Mongolia and Mongolia and invaded Russia, invaded Russia, China, and Muslim statesChina, and Muslim states in in Southwest Asia destroying Southwest Asia destroying cities and countrysidecities and countryside•Created a new empire.Created a new empire.

Ottoman invasionsOttoman invasions•Ottoman Turks Ottoman Turks conquered the conquered the Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

• In 1453, they In 1453, they sacked the city of sacked the city of Constantinople, Constantinople, renaming it renaming it IstanbulIstanbul..

Ottoman invasionsOttoman invasions

Istanbul Istanbul became the became the capitalcapital of the of the Ottoman Ottoman Empire.Empire.

What is this architectural achievement?!??!

Infectious invasionsInfectious invasions•In the 14In the 14thth century, the century, the Black Black DeathDeath or or bubonic plaguebubonic plague decimated (wiped out) large decimated (wiped out) large portions of the populations of Asia portions of the populations of Asia and then Europe.and then Europe.

• Carried by Carried by fleas on ratsfleas on rats from from ChinaChina

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ

Infectious invasionsInfectious invasions

The impact of such a The impact of such a large loss of lifelarge loss of life reverberated throughout reverberated throughout the region.the region.

Infectious invasions - ImpactInfectious invasions - Impact

Loss of population which Loss of population which caused…caused…

Scarcity of laborScarcity of laborhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Lv0dKdhdRpM&list=PLF78AEA6v=Lv0dKdhdRpM&list=PLF78AEA66545C9BCE6545C9BCE


Loss of people and Loss of people and subsequent labor also subsequent labor also caused caused trade to declinetrade to decline..


Towns were no longer Towns were no longer bound by their feudal bound by their feudal obligationsobligations


The ChurchThe Church, unable to , unable to give a satisfactory give a satisfactory response to large scale response to large scale death, death, lostlost a great deal of a great deal of influenceinfluence..

Crusades & Black Plague

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