CRUDE OIL DESALTING

The desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to theoperation of the modern petroleum refinery. Desalters provide more protection to costly refineryequipment than any other single piece of process hardware. Refining Process Services andNalco Company, Energy Services Division, have developed this program to provide an in-depth,yet practical review of both the art and science of crude oil desalting. Maintaining smoothoperation of crude oil desalting units is both critically important and quite difficult. Since thereare so many significant variables to control, desalter operation must constantly be adjusted tomaintain optimum performance with the ever-changing sources of crude oil. The program's content is both comprehensive and wide-ranging. Sessions begin with adiscussion of the fundamentals of the desalting process including crude oil quality impact, theoperating variables, key equipment, various design options and major process variables. Oncethe fundamentals are established, discussion moves into the topics of unit operations,monitoring, and process troubleshooting. An experienced group of industry professionals hasbeen assembled for the presentation of this program. The speakers are Mr. Dennis Haynes ofNalco Company, Energy Services Division, Mr. Tom Collins of Forum Energy Technologies, andMr. Tony Potter, a consultant to Nalco Company. Program participants will have the opportunity to obtain a broad working knowledge of desalteroperations, to gain insight into advancements in the field, and to interact with others working inthis area. The program is ideal for personnel involved in refinery process engineering, plantoperations, and technical service. Process engineers from design and construction companiesas well as those providing services to the petroleum refining industry should also find thisprogram beneficial. PROGRAM OUTLINE 1. BENEFITS OF CRUDE OIL DESALTING - General Overview

1 / 6

CRUDE OIL DESALTING

2. IMPACT OF CRUDE OIL QUALITY ON DESALTER PERFORMANCE - Introduction to Desalting - Crude Oil Impurities: Water, Salt and Solids - Impact of Organic Acids, Asphaltenes - Desalting Heavy and Opportunity Crudes - Tankage Dehydration 3. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL DESALTING - Wash Water Addition - Rate and Wash Water Quality - Mixing/Contact

+ Mix Valves + Static Mixer

- Coalescence + Stoke's Law and Electrical Voltage

- Performance Control Variables - Dehydration Efficiency vs. Salt Removal Efficiency

4. TYPES OF DESALTING SYSTEMS - Single-Stage Dehydrator - Single-Stage Desalter - Two-Stage Desalter - Three-Stage Desalter - Typical Operating Conditions and Performance

2 / 6

CRUDE OIL DESALTING

5. DESALTER COMPONENTS - Process Vessel - Distribution System - Electrodes and Transactors - Mud Wash - Level Control Devices

6. DESALTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS - Vessel Size - Number of Stages - Transactor Size and Power Consumption - Crude Properties

7. COMMERCIAL DESALTER DESIGNS - Petreco/Edge - NATCO

8. FACTORS THAT AFFECT DESALTER OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE

3 / 6

CRUDE OIL DESALTING

- Crude Oil Feed Rate and Quality - Temperature/Viscosity/Density Relationships - Electrical Field Intensity - Wash Water Rate, Quality and Flow Configuration - Emulsion Formation (Pumps, Exchangers, Valves, Mixers) - Control of Water Level and Emulsion Layers - Demulsifier Technology and Addition Rate - Mud Washing and Brine Recycle

9. TYPES OF DESALTING APPLICATIONS - Heavy Crude Desalting - FCC Feed Desalting - Distillate Treating 10. DESALTER TROUBLESHOOTING - Oily Effluent - Poor Dehydration and/or Desalting - Workshop

11. ECONOMICS IMPACT

4 / 6

CRUDE OIL DESALTING

PROGRAM SPEAKERS

Tom Collins is Vice President - Electrostatic Process Certified Technical Services at ForumEnergy Technologies in Pasadena, Texas. His responsibilities include technical sales, processreview, desalter design, troubleshooting, training, optimization, and business development.Earlier in his career Tom started in the Technical Service Department at Petreco in 1980,servicing desalters worldwide. He has spent his career in the field of desalting, and has over 30years experience in this area. He has authored and co-authored papers on desalting for theAmerican Institute of Chemical Engineers, and has been active in the NPRA for over 20 years.

Dennis Haynes is an Industry Technical Consultant for Nalco Company, Energy ServicesDivision in Sugar Land, Texas. He has over 20 years of experience in the hydrocarbonprocessing industry. He is responsible for technical support, program development andapplication optimization for the companys refinery process chemical programs used in crudemanagement. He has experience in refineries in North America, Europe, Africa, and the AsiaPacific area. Dennis holds a BS degree in Chemistry from the University of British Columbia.

Tony Potter is a consultant for Nalco for crude oil treatment. He has 39 years of experience inspecialty chemical applications for processes in a multitude of industries. He worked for BetzLaboratories, Inc., Exxon Chemical, and Nalco Company. For 27 years he worked in the field of

5 / 6

CRUDE OIL DESALTING

desalting, providing technical training, program evaluation, customer presentations, start-upassistance, and ongoing desalter system optimization and troubleshooting. Tony has assistedrefineries around the world in improving desalter system performance. His expertise isspecifically in crude oil desalting operations, product development, and operational training. Heholds a BS degree in Chemical Engineering from Purdue University.

6 / 6