CROPPING SYSTEM dan crops-livestock production systems
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Transcript of CROPPING SYSTEM dan crops-livestock production systems
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CROPPING SYSTEMDAN CROPS-
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
SYSTEMSArtharini I
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CROPPING SYSTEM Pola dan praktek penanaman dalam
suatu lahan Monoculture vs polyculture
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CROPPING SYSTEMS 1. Monoculture (one crop) 2. Polyculture (many crops)
a) crops separated in time: crop rotation, cover crops
b) crops at same land and time: intercropping/mixed cropping
c) combinations: relay cropping
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INTERCROPPING
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INTERCROPPING
Smith et al., 2001
Row Mixed
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TYPES OF INTERCROPPING Mixtures of crops (no rows) Alternate rows or strips Relay cropping – 2nd crop planted during
life cycle of first crop May have various combinations of
these !!
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1.2. PEARL MILLET & GROUNDNUT3. BUCKWHEAT COVER CROP IN POTATO CROPPING SYSTEM
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MULTILAYER CROPPING SYSTEM
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MULTI STOREY CROOPING SYSTEM
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FIG. 1. BARLEY, SOYBEAN, AND CORN CROPS IN A 15 FOOT STRIP INTERCROPPING SYSTEM IN NORTHEAST IOWA.
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DETERMINING INTERCROP ADVANTAGE –LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO = amount of monocultured land needed
to produce same yield as intercrop
Photo: Thomas Wright Photo: P. E. Hildebrand
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LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO = amount of monocultured land needed
to produce same yield as intercrop
LER = RY1 + RY2 =I1 I2---- + ----M1 M2
Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop
Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture
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LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO = amount of monocultured land needed to
produce same yield as intercrop
If LER > 1 intercrop is more efficient If LER < 1 monoculture is more
efficient
LER = RY1 + RY2 =I1 I2---- + ----M1 M2
Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop
Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture
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LER EXAMPLECorn Soybean
Corn monoculture
4000 0
Soybean monoculture
0 1000
Intercrop 3000 750
(kg/ha)
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LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO
LER = RY1 + RY2 =I1 I2---- + ----M1 M2
Yield of crop 2 grown as intercrop
Yield of crop 2 grown as monoculture
Corn I/M = 3000/4000Soybean I/M = 750/1000
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LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO
LER = RY1 + RY2 =I1 I2---- + ----M1 M2
LER = 3000/4000 + 750/1000 = 0.75 + 0.75 = 1.50Corn Soybean
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LAND EQUIVALENT RATIO
LER = 3000/4000 + 750/1000 = 0.75 + 0.75 = 1.50Corn Soybean
1.5 ha of land needed to produce same amount through monoculture
0.5 + 0.5 is expected just based on land area
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CROPS-LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION SYSTEM
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SISTEM PRODUKSI TANAMAN & TERNAK Integrasi yg saling menguntungkan
antara :1. sistem tan. Pangan2. ternak3. tanaman pakan ternak
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BAGAN INTERAKSI
TANAMAN PAKAN
TANAMAN PANGAN
TERNAKPUPUKPAKAN
PAKAN
PUPUK & TENAGA
MULSA
PUPUK & ME-I EROSI
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Erosion Control
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FUNGSI TERNAK Fungsi fisik : mghasilkan daging, susu, telur dsb Tenaga kerja : pengolahan lahan Manure ternak sbg pupuk, bahan bakar dan
bangunan Tabungan :
- long term saving- semi annual suplementary cash income (tambahan) : kambing, domba,babi- instant petty cash/home meat supply
Kelestarian lingkungan : penggunaan pupuk kandang sebagai pupuk untuk mencegah degenerasi lahan dan menjaga ekosistem tanah
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TUJUAN PEMELIHARAAN TERNAK Akumulasi modal Menguragi resiko, ternak < usahatani
tanaman Menyediakan jasa (tenaga
kerja,pupuk,bahan bakar) Sumber penghasilan Menyediakan makanan (produk ternak) Meningkatkan status/prestise petani Memenuhi kebutuhan kultural (sesajen,
kurban,dll)
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SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Integrated tree cropping system Silvi pastural system/agroforestry
system Intercropping (food-food intercropping) Companion crop (food-feed
intercropping) Alley cropping Relay cropping Live fence system Three Strata Forage system
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SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Integrated tree cropping system
Sistem penanaman tanaman pohon secara terpadu. Contoh :1. penanaman tmt (rumput dan legum) di
perkebunan kelapa2. penanaman tmt semak atau pohon
sebagai naungan di perkebunan kopi dan kakao atau vanili
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SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Silvi pastural system/agroforestry
systempenanaman tmt bersama-sama dengan tanaman hutan atau penanaman tanaman hutan yg bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak.Contoh :- Penanaman sesbania, leucaena,
akasia,albizia di hutan- Penanaman rumput dibawah/sela2 tan.
hutan
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SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Intercropping (food-food
intercropping)= tumpang sari = penanaman tan. Pangan secara bersama2 dg tan. Pangan lainContoh :- tan. Padi dan jagung- ketela pohon dengan jagung- kedele dengan jagung- kedele dengan ketela pohon
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SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Companion crop (food-feed
intercropping)penanaman ta. Pangan bersama-sama dg tmt.contoh :- padi gogo dengan jagung sbg pakan ternak- padi-jagung dg stylo/desmodium
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SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Alley cropping
penanaman tan.pangan / hortikultura diantara 2 baris tmt
Relay croppingSistem penanaman dimana satu tan. Ditanam sblm tan. yg lain (pertama) dipanenContoh :- padi/jagung dg kedele/kcg hijau- ketela pohon dg jagung/padi gogo
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SISTEM INTEGRASI TMT DLM SIST. PRODUKSI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK Live fence system
Penanaman tan. Pakan ternak sebagai pagar hidup (legum pohon)
Three Strata Forage system (STS)