Critical Thinking Contradictions -How to Use NVIVO (Part 2)
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4 2 5 1 0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011 Critical Thinking Using Qualitative Data and Software Part Two: NVIVO By Wendy Olsen 2014 Methods@Manchester Workshop Aiming at PhD Students and Researchers Who Want to Disseminate Arguments
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Critical Thinking about Contradictions in Qualitative Data: How to Code up the Contradictions and the Resolution in NVIVO. Includes basic NVIVO, intermediate models and word counts, and other simple NVIVO activities that support the study of textual evidence.
Transcript of Critical Thinking Contradictions -How to Use NVIVO (Part 2)
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Critical Thinking Using Qualitative Data and Software
Part Two: NVIVO
By Wendy Olsen
2014
Methods@Manchester Workshop
Aiming at PhD Students and Researchers Who Want to Disseminate Arguments
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AIM 3) NVIVO SKILLS IN WILLIAMSON ROOM 3.59 COMPUTER CLUSTERPowerpoint presentation and demonstration using NVIVO.
Practical Exercise 1: Code your project in NVIVO – just 3 codes please.
view coding stripes. Look at models and coding in three
sample NVIVO projects.
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Basic Functions of NVIVO for Qualitative Analysis
By Wendy Olsen, University of Manchester
Aiming at PhD Students and Researchers Who Want to Disseminate Arguments
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Where to find self-training elements
• Click the blue ? circle icon to get help.
• It wants to go onto internet to get help area.
• This has a SEARCH option.
• GLOSSARY is helpful too.
• TUTORIALS is a set of links to online video tutorials…
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Lecture – These are key readings for
NVIVO users:• Gibbs, G.R. (2008) Analysing Qualitative Data,
London: Sage. Has chapters on all topics at a high level of abstraction, yet also covers details such as transcription and digitising the textual data.
• It involves “CAQDAS” and covers NVivo, MAXqda 2 and Atlas.ti 5.2.
• Lewins, A. and Silver, C. (2007) Using Software in Qualitative Research: A Step-by-Step Guide, London: Sage. Cover several programs including principally NVivo, MAXqda 2 and Atlas.ti 5.2.
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Aims of Using NVIVO
• BROWSE / DESCRIBE
• ANALYSE data & DEVELOP interpretations.
• Systematically interrogate data.
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Aims of Using NVIVO• BROWSE / DESCRIBE
• Create ‘nodes’ which code segments of data• Browse these ‘nodes’ and export the chunks of text
• ANALYSE data & DEVELOP interpretations• Copy and paste Nodes to get them into Trees• This allows groupings of related concepts/facts/ideas
• Systematically interrogate data• Leads to more advanced software such as fsQCA, SPSS• Can link well with Excel through both IMPORT and EXPORT
functions of NVIVO
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Another key reading is inside NVIVO!
• NOTICE the FILE > HELP >– NVIVO GETTING STARTED GUIDE
– This is really a helpful guide.
• See the FILE menu option, MENU sub-option!(SAME AS THE BLUE ? ICON)
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Browse
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To browse means to examine the text.
• Three types of coding in the texts:• Retrieval codes
• Analytical codes
• Demographic codes (These are entered as classifications. Each attribute can have multiple values, including textual options.)
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In grounded theory terms….
• Two types of coding in the texts:• Retrieval codes
• Axial (explanatory, or processual) codes• See Charmaz’ book on Constructing Grounded Theory
(London, Sage). It is beyond empiricism and moves into the post-structuralist approach to interpretation.– That is a good methodological position.– Grounded theory is not necessarily your approach.– You can simply do interpretation.– But for good-quality arguments, use advanced, sophisticated
forms of arguments.
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Sample NVIVO file on Self-Help Groups as a Banking Initiative
• Interviews are anonymised : bank managers, customers.
• Texts from PDFs were extracted and imported -- (Both of these are called “Sources” in NVIVO)
• Coding of text appears in Free Nodes, and Tree Nodes
• Coding of the Banks appears as Case Nodes13/04/23 12
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Concept of a code
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Model (making a diagram)
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Helpful hints for Models
• These are used for brainstorming.• You place CODES here as Project Items.• They have CONNECTORS. Add more of
these.• You add PROJECT ITEM >> NOTE to make
your own freestyle handwritten notes about the arguments.– Lay arguments. – no theory– Your expert arguments. - invoke theory
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What do qualitative data represent?
• Are the texts and images like a mirror of society?
• This would involve a correspondence theory of representation. It is difficult to justify. So don’t be simplistic.
• People use metaphors and analogies based upon real experience.
• They also use common lay idioms.
• The meaning has to be discerned.
• Your knowledge grows with qualitative experiences.
– These are empirical evidence.– Be scientific.– You can do deconstruction
about the underlying situation and still be scientific.
• Triangulation improves your mental map of the scene
• Seek valid conclusions• Causal analysis is important• The analysis of meanings is
important, too.• You are doing induction.
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Case Nodes
• The cases have to be discerned first. This is called ‘casing’. Decide on boundaries and labels.
• Then you go to NODES and create case nodes. (CREATE menu option. NODE. Make sure the cursor is in the right position before you start this process.)
• Or right-click in the white space below the list of cases.
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Here is a new case and old cases.
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Word count
• EXPLORE • NEW QUERY
– NEW QUERY• WORD FREQUENCY
– This is a type of query.– You can adjust the settings.
– To save the Word Frequency query, click the Add to Project check box, and enter the name in the General tab
– This is the usual procedure to keep a query.
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Query Results (‘here’s one I made earlier’)
an' 3 286 5.27
i 1 186 3.43
you 3 159 2.93
de 2 151 2.78
we 2 99 1.82
he 2 70 1.29
dey 3 63 1.16
all 3 62 1.14
when 4 57 1.05
had 3 54 0.99
know 4 44 0.81
uh 2 43 0.79
now 3 42 0.77
go 2 39 0.72
got 3 39 0.72
come 4 38 0.70
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Intermediate functions
• Learning more advanced functions takes time.
• It is not really necessary but is great fun.
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Helpful hints for Models
• These are used for brainstorming.• You place CODES here as Project Items.• They have CONNECTORS. Add more of these.• You add PROJECT ITEM >> NOTE to make your own
freestyle handwritten notes about the arguments.– Lay arguments. – no theory– Your expert arguments. - invoke theory
– Please try to move toward more advanced, sophisticated arguments similar to a PhD or Article.
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Thank you.
