Critical Thinking 01 Intro
-
Upload
thisisnotatextbook -
Category
Education
-
view
265 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Critical Thinking 01 Intro
Critical Thinking in Writing
Phil 5
in Three Thinkers
Philosophy
Thales, 620 — 546 BCE
How do you know?mythos/logos
Philosophy
Anaximander, 610—546 BCE
What is real?the Boundless
Philosophy
Heraclitus, 500 BCEHow to live?
All are bound by one law
Philosophy
How to live?How to live?
How do you know?
What is real?What is real?
EpistemologyEpistemology
Philosophy
How to live?How to live?
How do you know?
What is real?
EpistemologyEpistemology
Philosophy
MetaphysicsMetaphysics
How to live?
How do you know?
What is real?
EpistemologyEpistemology
Philosophy
MetaphysicsMetaphysics
EthicsEthics
Philosophy: the attempt to Philosophy: the attempt to answer, critically, the answer, critically, the epistemological, epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical metaphysical, and ethical questions.questions.
Philosophy: the attempt to Philosophy: the attempt to answer, answer, criticallycritically, the , the epistemological, epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical metaphysical, and ethical questions.questions.
CharityReason
Questions
Critical Thinking
CharityReason
Questions
Truth
Consistency
CharityReason
Questions
Truth
CharityReason
Questions
Truth
Consistency
Validity, Soundness
Two Basic Principles
Critical Thinking
Principleof
Charity
Critical Thinking
Principle of Charity: Principle of Charity: for any claim, give it for any claim, give it the strongest possible the strongest possible interpretation.interpretation.
Principleof
Sufficient Reason
Critical Thinking
Principle of Sufficient Principle of Sufficient Reason: for or any Reason: for or any claim, give reason why claim, give reason why it is true, or not.it is true, or not.
A Method of Questioning
Critical Thinking
Is drinking milk healthy for humans?
Controlling the Question
Has the Constitutional right to bear arms outlived its
usefulness?Are single-sex schools better for
education?What is the best method of
education?
What Constitutional rights should we keep?
What are the healthiest drinks for humans?
Controlling the QuestionOpen Questions Yes-or-no Questions
Is drinking milk healthy for humans?
Has the Constitutional right to bear arms
outlived its usefulness?
Are single-sex schools better for
education?
What is the best method of education?
What Constitutional rights should we
keep?
What are the healthiest drinks for humans?
Open QuestionsYes-or-no Questions
What is the best method of education?
What Constitutional rights should we
keep?
What are the healthiest drinks for humans?
Are Topic or Theme Questions
Open Questions Yes-or-no Questions
Is drinking milk healthy for humans?
Has the Constitutional right to bear arms
outlived its usefulness?
Are single-sex schools better for
education?
Are Topic or Theme Questions Are Issue Questions
An Issue Question: is a An Issue Question: is a yes-or-no question, yes-or-no question, and is the way to and is the way to formulate questions formulate questions for the disputed for the disputed question method question method ((quaestioquaestio disputatadisputata).).
the question
yes:
no:
Reasons supporting the yes answer or
refuting the no answer.
Reasons supporting the no answer or refuting the yes
answer.
Which side has the better
reasons?
The Disputed Question Method
Is drinking milk
healthy?
yes:
no:
Reasons supporting the yes answer or
refuting the no answer.
Reasons supporting the no answer or refuting the yes
answer.
Which side has the better
reasons?
The Disputed Question Method
Is the right to bear
arms still useful?
yes:
no:
Reasons supporting the yes answer or
refuting the no answer.
Reasons supporting the no answer or refuting the yes
answer.
Which side has the better
reasons?
The Disputed Question Method
Are single-sex schools better for
education?
yes:
no:
Reasons supporting the yes answer or
refuting the no answer.
Reasons supporting the no answer or refuting the yes
answer.
Which side has the better
reasons?
The Disputed Question Method
A virtue is an excellence, A virtue is an excellence, a mean between two a mean between two extremes called extremes called vicesvices..
Virtues
Mean
Extreme
Extreme
Virtues
Virtue
vice
vice
Virtues
Courage
vice?
cowardice
Virtues
Courage
foolhardy
cowardice
Virtues
Fair Minded
vice?
vice?
Virtues
Fair Minded
gullible
prejudiced
Virtues
Inquisitive
vice?
vice?
Virtues
Inquisitive
obsessed
indifferent
Virtues
Careful
vice?
vice?
Virtues
Careful
pedantic
careless