Critical Power for Healthcare Beyond EES · ‒Article 517 previously referenced Article 700...

Critical Power for Healthcare – Beyond EES

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

Dan McGinn, Director – Secure Power Solutions

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric |

• My Bias – Who am I ? What is my role ?

• My knowledge and/or lack of knowledge: education and background

• Code expertise or lack there of: needs based

• Hospital Expertise or lack there of: a few years

• Why am I presenting on this subject ?

Dan McGinn


Defined: a system capable of supplying a limited amount of lighting and power service, which is considered

essential for life safety and orderly cessation of procedures during the time normal electrical service is

interrupted for any reason [517.25]

• Defined primarily by NFPA 70 (National Electric Code) Article 517 and NFPA 99 Section 6.4-6.5

‒ Article 517 previously referenced Article 700 (emergency systems) quite often but most of that material has been

recreated in NFPA 99 (Healthcare Facility Code) and is referenced there now.

• NFPA 99 also references NFPA 110 (Emergency and Standby Power Systems) Chapter 4 defines the classification of

EPSSs

• The application of generator systems to provide an EES is covered quite extensively in the codes and by the

ASHE community

• Hospitals and the Consulting Engineering community have honed the application of EES to include, in many

cases, additional redundancies and paralleling sources from multiple utilities and generator systems

• The subject of “bridge power” or power to cover the time it takes a generator to come online is not covered

so much

Essential Electrical Systems - Background


GenSets – System Timing

Gensets generally come on line in 7-15 seconds. Those used

for ESS are generally tested to be on line in less than 10

seconds.

Many medical equipment manufacturers will refer to the “12

seconds” but the context is generally outside the scope of

EES

Genset Start, Voltage

Stabilizes

ATS Signal Genset Start

0

2

4

6

12

8

10

Seconds

Utility Outage


Defined: Electrical appliance designed to provide power from a stored energy source either in the

event of a power interruption or continuously despite a power despite a power interruption

• There are many different types of UPS systems but the most typical are also intended to provide clean

power that isolates equipment from power disturbances other than just a power loss

‒ Time permitting we will cover UPS types at a high level near the end of the presentation

• The most common use of UPS systems is IT related equipment including data centers

‒ Today we are discussing the more general use of UPS equipment in hospital settings

• Many of these UPS applications are part of or, in proximity to, equipment that is fed from the EES.

However, many, if not most, have nothing to do with patient safety or NFPA codes

Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) - Background


Hospital EnvironmentsApplications Areas

Non-IT Applications

Radiology/ Imaging Rooms

supports RIS, PACS, modalities and

other electronic equipment

ModalitiesBlood Test/Center Cold

Chambers,

Pathology &

other tests

LabsData Center

IT Enterprise

HIS - Hospital

Information

System

Utility

Electrical Dist.

Gen. Control

EMPC

Electric panels and rack-based IT

equipment

Server Room/

Network Closet

Gray Space

Security/DVR

Facility Control Room

Remote WorkstationEmergency Lighting

Operating

Theaters

Maternity Wards

Intensive Care

Emergency

Room

Treatment


Safety may be a driver in many applications. • That is the link to the discussions around EES.

• The application is then to provide “bridge power” for the time it takes Gensets to come on line

• We will discuss this and the code implications first.

Cost / Risk Driver • In many UPS applications, patient safety, comfort and inconvenience do not come into play.

• The drivers are often matters of operational continuity that effect profitability, customer satisfaction and

protection of assets

• We will look at these drivers and some typical applications

Critical Data• Often it is not operations that drive the UPS investment but the data from systems

• Of course this includes data center operations but that enterprise is becoming a distributed: “edge”

• Also many systems have “brains” that can be protected separately from the main power

Why UPS


• “Essential” loads are a subset the complete power

distribution architecture protected by one or more

GenSets

• Trend toward identifying “Critical” loads as a subset

of the “Essential” loads also backed up by UPS

systems as well

• Subsets may in fact be complete sets

UPS Systems and GenSetsDeployment of UPS Systems into Genset environments

UPS Systems provide instantaneous power backup

for critical loads even where generators are present

to provide backup for extended outages

Utility SourceGenSet

ATSUPS

Non-Essential

Power Distribution

Essential

Power Distribution

Critical

Power Distribution


NEC 517 and NFPA 99 define three types of essential

branches: Equipment, Critical Loads and Life Safety

NFPA 99 defines EES as Type 10, Class X, Level 1

generator sets per NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency

and Standby Power Systems (EPSS)

10 second minimum restoration (Type 10)

Duration defined by app, code, user (Class X)

NFPA 110 does not assign the type, class, and level of

any EPSS for any type of occupancy. These are

specified by other codes or standards, the AHJ, or the

designer.

Code does not explicitly define any needs for bridge

power or Type U EPSS*

Electrical Standards for EESNEC Article 517, NFPA 99 Chapter 6, NFPA 110 Chapter 4

NFPA 110 Classification (Chap 4)

Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)


Essential Electrical System Load Types (NFPA99):

• Life Safety Branch • explicitly defined and limited by Chapter 6

• Does not include many circuits that might seem life safety related

• Critical Branch • defined by Chapter 6 but not limited by it

• select power circuits needed for effective facility operation

• Equipment Branch • defined by Chapter 6 to include other selected equipment

• permitted but not required to be part of the EES*

NFPA 110 provides two different general classifications for EPSSs as follows

Electrical Standards for EESNEC Articles 517, NFPA 99 Chapter 6, NFPA 110 Chapter 4

However the determination of how

these levels map to Class and

Type seems left open (AHJ?) and

reference is to “rotating” types of

alternate power (gensets)


IEC does not apply in North America but

it is an interesting baseline for

comparison in this case.

IEC standards* differentiate the

requirements in terms of outage time

and therefore back up systems based on

criticality levels

Of course IEC codes are not law in North

America but many hospitals apply UPS

systems in a manner consistent with this

expectation.

Electrical StandardsIEC Standards for Critical Loads in Hospitals


GenSets – System Timing

Genset Start, Voltage

Stabilizes

ATS Signal Genset Start

0

2

4

6

12

8

10

Seconds

Utility Outage

UPS Rectifier walk-in, Starts to

recharge energy storage

UPS Synchronizes with Genset

UPS Systems provide instantaneous power backup for critical loads even

where generators are present to provide backup for extended outages


Power problems can present a direct risk to patients • Maintain power to device during switchover to generators

• Safe shutdown of application in event of loss of power

Power problems can present a risk to patient data• Failed HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) compliance if power issues result in

loss of patient records

Equipment uptime is critical to insure quality patient care • Unexpected equipment failures due to poor power quality are costly

• Temporary outages can result in lost data and decrease productivity

Adoption Drivers for Critical Power UPS (II)


• Interrupted Operations: lost revenue

• Idled workforce

• Damage to operational or facility equipment

• Loss of facility and process information (data)

• Patient discomfort and/or dissatisfaction

UPS Drivers: Operational Continuity

Financial Costs & Risks

High Availability

Power Quality

Maintaining the highest levels of availability

Facilities

EquipmentProcess

Equipment

Insurance for your Facility

Insurance for your Operation


Power Integrated (Facility Wide Application)• Tied to the site’s MV and LV power distribution architecture

• Often used in conjunction with backup generator coverage

Power Integrated (Centralized Zone Application)• Tied to Branch and Feeder Circuits in the power distribution

architecture

• May also work in conjunction with backup generator coverage

Distributed Applications • Local to appliance/machine, device or subsystem

IT Integrated• Built into “edge compute: and “edge network” infrastructure

• “Brains versus Mains”

OEM Integrated• Part of OEM manufactured medical equipment

Layered Approach for Secure PowerUPS Deployment Strategies

Facility wide zone of equipment / room single application

EES per NFPA 99


Power Integrated

Life Safety• Operating Theaters

• Intensive Care, Neo-Natal, Emergency Room

Critical Equipment• Imaging Centers: MRI, Pet-CT, Interventional X-Ray, Flouroscopy

• Laboratories, Blood Bank, Catheterization, Dialisys

Facility Systems• Emergency Lighting

Distributed or Rack Integrated

Life Safety• Individual Operating Theaters & Patient Care Systems

Critical Equipment• Individual Modalities & Test Equipment

• Patient Information & RACs

Facility Systems• Security: Cameras, DVR, Access Control

• Energy/Power Monitoring Systems

• Building Management Systems

Typical Applications for UPS Systems


UPS Topologies

• Most robust topology

• Typical for Industrial Applications

• Isolated Power Source

Online or Double Conversion UPS

Line Interactive UPS – Typical for Business Power

Standby UPS – Typical for Personal Power

Redundancy configurations available:

modular, scalable N+1 , N+N, …


Operating Theater Solution as example

Solution NamePower integrated

Line Isolation panel

Isolation

transformer


Summary for Healthcare ApplicationsPower UPS, Distributed UPS, Edge Compute Solutions,

IT Integrated

Protecting for power loss

and other threatsIT/OT Convergence at the Edge. Maintaining

autonomy in the departments with partnership

and remote support from IT.

Incorporating robust standards around hardware

(power, server, network, storage, firewall) and

software (OS, virtualization, remote

management, cyber-security)

In process space, these solutions are ideal for

HIS, PACS, Security DVR, networks, network

management and other applications close to

operations.

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Critical Power for Healthcare Beyond EES · ‒Article 517 previously referenced Article 700...

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