Critical Pigs Welfare Issues - European Commission · Critical Pigs Welfare Issues Dr. med. vet....
Transcript of Critical Pigs Welfare Issues - European Commission · Critical Pigs Welfare Issues Dr. med. vet....
Critical Pigs Welfare Issues Dr. med. vet. Christine Leeb CertWEL
University of Natural Ressources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
“Improving animal welfare- a practical approach” Budapest 26.-27.9.2011
Introduc)onDr.Chris)neLeebCertWEL
– Univ.ofVeterinaryMedicineVienna
– Ma=hewEytonResidencyforFarmAnimalHealthandWelfare,Univ.Bristol,UK
– TeachingandResearchFarm,Univ.ofVeterinaryMedicineVienna
– BOKU• „BEPBioschwein“
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OverviewWhatispigwelfareandhowtomeasureit?
Normalpigbehaviour–welfareindicatorsCri)calissues&solu)ons
• Socialbehaviour• Feedingbehaviour• ´Thermoregula)on
• Locomotorybehaviour
Housingandmanagement• Pregantandlacta)ngsows• Weaners/growers
• Finishers3C. Leeb “Improving animal welfare- a practical approach” Budapest 26.-27.9.2011
Exampleofissuesaffec)ngphysical/mentalwelfareandnaturalness
• Physical– Developmentofshouldersores– Urinarytractinfec)ons– Mas))s
• Mental– Painfromshouldersores– Lackofcoping?
• Naturalness‐Restric)onof– Nestbuildingbehaviour– Mother‐childbehaviour– Defeca)on– Lyingbehaviour
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Howtomeasureanimalwelfare?
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HEALTH & WELFARE?
INPUTS
OUTPUT
Stockman
e.g. knowledge, skills
Environment
e.g. housing, feeding
Animal
e.g. breed, breeding
Physilog./pathol.
e.g. lesions
Behavior
interactions e.g. mortality
Records
Pigsaresocialanimals• BothWildBoarsandferalpigsaresocialanimals• herdsformedbylong‐)meassocia)onsbetweenmothersandtheirfemaleoffspring
• mostcommongroupsizes2‐6individuals
Stolba (1984) and Stolba and Wood-Gush (1984, 1989) 10
Socialstructure• Normallystablesocialgroups• Newanimalintroducedintogroup
Fighting: head to head 1C. Leeb “Improving animal welfare- a practical approach” Budapest 26.-27.9.2011
LesionsfromFigh)ngSign. Correlation between fighting observed and
lesions (Barnett et al., 1996) – Two parallel scratches – Head, neck, shoulder – Healing quickly
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Fightlesionsandmanagementofgroups
**
Stable group Dynamic group
Med
ian
num
ber o
f inj
urie
s/so
w o
f her
d
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Dynamicgroups
Pregnant sows
Farrowing house 1
Service Area
Farrowing group 2
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Stablegroups
Pregnant sows
Farrowing group 1 Service area
Farrowing group2
FeedingBehaviour
• Allpigseatatthesame)me• Exploratory/foragingbehaviourupto75%ofdailyac)vity
• Roo)ng,grazing,browsing(StolbaandWood‐Gush,1989).
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Feedingbehaviour–implica)onsforsows
Differentstagesofpregnancy–differentneeds
Restrictedfoodforpregnantsows
Ea)ngsimultaneously Protectthesowduringea)ng!! Provideenoughfeedingplaces Feedindividually/groupwiseaccordingtocondi)on
Long)mespentea)ng feedingtwicedailyand bulky/highfibrefood
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Legisla)on
• 4.(6)Sowsandgiltskeptingroupsmustbefedusingasystemwhichensuresthateachindividualcanobtainsufficientfoodevenwhencompe)torsforthefoodarepresent;
• (7)Tosa)sfytheirhungerandgiventheneedtochew,alldrypregnantsowsandgiltsmustbegivenasufficientquan)tyofbulkyorhigh‐fibrefoodaswellashigh‐energyfood;
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Roughageforsows
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Constant hunger in sows Stereotypies
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ProblemsrelatedtofeedingInadequatefeedingdesign
– Nofeedingofindividualspossible–toothin/fat– Vulvabi)ng
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Vulvalesionsinrela)ontodesignoffeedingarea
Lockable Feeding Stalls Non lockable feeding stalls Electr. Sow Feeders
Vulv
a Le
sion
s (M
edia
n of
her
ds)
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Sows:
Tethering banned from January 1st, 2006 on
Individual stalls will be prohibited from 4 weeks after parturition and 7 days before the following parturition
o Ban for all new buildings from January 1st, 2003 on o for all buildings from January 1st, 2013 on
Housing
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GroupHousingforsows (4)(a)…ingroupsduringaperiodstar)ng
from4weeksaoertheserviceto1weekbeforetheexpected)meoffarrowing.
Thepenwherethegroupiskeptmusthavesides>2,8minlength.
<6individualsarekeptinagroupthepenwherethegroupiskeptmusthavesidesgreaterthan2,4minlength;
(b)thetotalareaatleast2,25m²respec)vely.
<6individualsincreasedby10%. >40individualsthedecreasedby10%;
2,4m/2,8m
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Happy healthy animals are profitable animals” Budapest 26.-27.9.2011
ThreeAreaPENLying/Resting Area (1m²/sow)
Individual feeder (1m²/sow)
Dunging/Activity (1m²/sow)
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Happy healthy animals are profitable animals” Budapest 26.-27.9.2011
Lying Area (1m²/sow)
Dunging/Activity (1m²/sow)
Individual feeder (1m²/sow)
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2Area–combinedlying/dunging
Individual feeder (55cm wide)
Lying/Dunging
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2Area–combinedlying/dunging
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Electronicsowfeeding(ESF)Feeding station
Lying Area (1m²/sow)
Dunging/Activity (1-2 m²/sow)
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Farrowingsows‐Legisla)on
3. In the week before the expected farrowing time sows and gilts must be given suitable nesting material in sufficient quantity …
4. An unobstructed area behind the sow or gilt must be available for the ease of natural or assisted farrowing.
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